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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "FDI POLICY"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "FDI POLICY"

1

Awolusi, Olawumi Dele. "Policy and Non-Policy Factors: What Determines Foreign Direct Investments in Africa?" Journal of Social and Development Sciences 9, no. 4 (January 27, 2019): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2691.

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Анотація:
Studies have been conducted on the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) destinations. However, there seem to be few studies on determinants in African countries. This paper evaluates the determinants of FDI inflows, by examining specific relationships between the determinants (policy and non-policy factors) and FDI inflows to Africa, using a panel dataset from 1980 to 2016. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) were used as the estimation techniques. The dependent variable, FDI inflows, was represented by the ratio of FDI flows to GDP, while the independent variables were agglomeration effects, trade openness, fiscal balance-macroeconomic condition, market size, economic instability, exchange rate, foreign aid, human capital development, corporate tax, and natural resource endowment. First-year lag of FDI (agglomeration effects), trade openness, market size, economic instability, foreign aid, human capital development, and natural resources (oil and metals) endowment have positive and significant effects on FDI inflows to Africa, while there is a negative relationship between FDI inflows to the continent and fiscal balance (public debt), exchange rate, and corporate tax. Consequently, government policies and non-policy factors played significant roles in facilitating FDI inflow into Africa during the study period. The p-value of the estimation (0.0001) further attests to the statistical significance of the results. Consequently, African countries must improve their regulatory framework to be able to attract more inflow of FDI. Efforts should also be made to reform and improve macroeconomic policies, institutional quality, and natural comparative advantages.
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2

Lamster, Ira B. "2017 FDI policy statements." International Dental Journal 68, no. 1 (February 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/idj.12386.

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3

Prof. Dr.d. M. Parmar, Prof Dr d. M. Parmar, and Prof Dr kishor V. Bhesaniya. "FDI Policy with Regard to Retailing in India." International Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 5 (June 1, 2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/oct2012/1.

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4

Prawati, Levana Dhia, Mahda Karina, and Sandra Angela Wijaya. "FDI and Tax Policy: Evidence from Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 388 (2023): 03023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338803023.

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Анотація:
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is an investment from one country into another country. The purpose of this research is to determine the factors that affect the FDI inward in Indonesia. The research object used is the condition of FDI in Indonesia within 50 years from 1970 until 2019 with quantitative research methods. Data analysis was performed using the multiple linear regression and using software statistic E-views. The results shows that Tax Treaty has positive significant effect on FDI. Tax Incentive have no effect on FDI. Corporate Income Tax Rate has negative significant effect on FDI. Furthermore, GDP per Capita and Inflation Rate have no effect on FDI. Trade Openness have no effect on FDI. This indicates that double taxation avoidance agreements are legalized and active between Indonesia and other countries, enlarging the number of foreign direct investment entering Indonesia. The lower the corporate income tax rate imposed in Indonesia, enlarging the Foreign Direct Investment inward in Indonesia.
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5

Silajdzic, Sabina, and Eldin Mehic. "Institutions and Foreign Direct Investment: What Role for Investment Policy in Southeast Europe?" South East European Journal of Economics and Business 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 30–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2022-0003.

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Abstract Institutions are generally perceived as an important determinant of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Which institutions matter and why for FDI, remains however one of prominent questions in public policy debate amid complexities related to different institutional dimensions, and incomplete or even vague understanding of underlying mechanism(s) at work. In this paper we account for these ambiguities, and focus on institutions that reveal government efforts to design proper institutional and policy framework to attract FDI, as opposed to considering institutions in broader sense. Specifically, we contribute to FDI policy debate by analysing the impact of institutions measuring Investment policy and promotion on inward FDI flows in South East Europe (SEE). To this end we use a unique dataset that is comprised of specific, FDI related institutional indicators developed and published by the OECD. The results of this empirical investigation deeper our understanding on whether differences in FDI policies and institutional set-up across South East European (SEE) countries explain variations in inward FDI flows relaying on bilateral FDI flows and the gravity modelling technique. We bring novel evidence that investment policy efforts seemingly do pay off, highlighting the importance of progress and reforms embodied not only in FDI regulation, but also in FDI policy variables including FDI Promotion and Facilitation, Transparency, Privatisation policy and Public Private Partnership in attracting FDI in SEE. The analysed institutional effect properly accounts for the possible time-variant and context-dependant effect of institutions. The suggested importance of FDI policy variables seem valuable in terms of general FDI policy issues and trade-offs.
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6

Ni, Lin, Lei Li, Xin Zhang, and Huwei Wen. "Climate Policy and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment in Chinese Cities." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 16469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416469.

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International investment is sensitive to environmental policies, and developing countries are worried about the withdrawal of foreign capital when adopting climate policies. This study treats the pilot policy of low-carbon cities as a quasi-experiment and uses urban panel data from 2006 to 2019 to investigate how climate policy affects foreign direct investment (FDI). Results show that climate policy has significantly reduced the FDI in Chinese cities but has promoted the quality of FDI. The regulatory pressure and innovation incentives brought about by climate policy change the quantity and quality of FDI in cities. Climate policy mainly reduces FDI in large cities and improves the quality of FDI in small cities. Moreover, the quality of FDI in capital outflow cities decreases, whereas that in capital inflow cities increases, thereby suggesting a potential transfer of FDI from large to small cities. In addition, the climate policy in innovative cities improves the quantity and quality of FDI but has a negative impact on FDI in non-innovative cities.
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7

Lamster, Ira B. "The 2019 FDI Policy Statements." International Dental Journal 70, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/idj.12560.

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8

Iammarino, Simona. "FDI and regional development policy." Journal of International Business Policy 1, no. 3-4 (October 29, 2018): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s42214-018-0012-1.

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9

BAILEY, David. "U.S. Policy towards Inward FDI." Journal of World Investment & Trade 4, no. 5 (2003): 867–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221190003x00291.

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Chakraborty, Paromita. "FDI Policy in India: With Special Reference to the Multi-Brand Retail FDI Policy." Indian Journal of Public Administration 68, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00195561211058442.

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Анотація:
This article attempts to trace the FDI policy in India from India’s Independence till the economic liberalisation in 1991 and onwards. It highlights how different regimes approached the FDI policy in India, from ‘hostility’ to ‘accommodation’ to ‘collaboration’. The article then looks at the multi-brand retail FDI policy which was recently introduced in India. This policy was one of the hallmarks of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA II) regime and marked a significant push towards a more extensive economic reforms programme. It clearly stated that if this policy is operationalised, it will result in a big boost in investments in our country. However, most of the Indian states, the Left parties and various regional parties opposed the introduction of FDI in the multi-brand retail sector. They stated that this policy would harm the Indian economy in the long run. The article also focuses on two important stakeholders of this policy, namely the farming sector and the unorganised retailers. It looks at the advantages and the disadvantages of the multi-brand retail FDI policy on these two sectors along with their responses.
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Дисертації з теми "FDI POLICY"

1

Jin, Siwon. "Learning, institutions and Korea's FDI policy compared with Japan." Online version, 2000. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/25892.

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Chin, Si-wŏn. "Learning, institutions and Korea's FDI policy compared with Japan." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4221/.

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The basic assertion of this thesis is that policy makers' belief systems and economic institutions have to change their structures and contents as the nation's economic developmental stage is upgraded. Put differently, a state's economic performance or achievement of economic objectives will be facilitated if there is no cleavage or conflict among economic policy, economic belief systems, and economic institutions. This means that the utility of the developmental state is valid until a nation's economy is in a take-off position. Persistent developmentalism after this stage will result in developmentalism losing its validity and becoming a main obstacle for further economic development. At this time, more liberalised economic policies which are not only supported by changed belief systems and institutions but also compatible with the neo-liberalising international political economy are needed. In other words, this thesis does not seek to answer the question 'which is the better strategy for economic development between developmentalism and neo-liberalism?' but emphasises the importance of the proper timing of transition from developmentalism to a liberalised and deregulated economy which is compatible with a mature civil society and the neo-liberalising international political economy.
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3

Lin, Ying. "Governing innovation : industrial policy, FDI, and the development of local technological capabilities /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10746.

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4

Shin, Seung-hoon. "State and market in Korea : host country bargaining power and FDI policy." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10299/.

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Анотація:
The purpose of this thesis is to detennine what constitutes desirable Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policies for the state in the age of globalisation. The study begins with the realistic assumption that FDI has variable effects on host economies, and that multinational corporations (MNCs) are fundamentally national finns doing business internationally. This assessment of FDI reflects the needs of government efforts to increase their bargaining power vis-a-vis MNCs in order to maximise the positive effects of FDI while minimising its negative effects. Based on this view, I develop a theoretical framework, namely the N eo Bargaining Model (NBM) , and identify the factors that have an impact on government bargaining power. The model is applied to the Korean state and produces the following findings that: (1) the bargaining power of the Korean state has diminished constantly over time; (2) the Korean state's bargaining power has been affected by internal factors (the decline of the developmental state) and external factors (the progress of globalisation); and (3) the bargaining power of the state affects its bargaining outcomes. Finally, these findings enabled me to argue that: (1) the state must have strong bargaining power in order to attain more beneficial effects and less hannful consequences from the MNCs; (2) in order to increase the bargaining power of the state, an active role of the state in the market is required; and (3) lastly, the NBM suggests ways for the state to increase its bargaining power, which are the key for successful FDI policy in the global era.
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5

Emudainohwo, Ochuko Benedict. "Impact of government policy, institutions and macroeconomic factors on FDI in Nigeria." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687399.

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Анотація:
There is increasing inflows of FDI into developing economies; yet, systematic studies on determinants of FDI in developing economies are scarce. Against this backdrop, this study examined three key issues nan1ely; the role of government, the impact of institutions and macroeconomic factors on inward FDI in Nigeria. The study used annual data collected from CBN, UNCTAD, World Bank and PRS group. To achieve the first objective, the study grouped the government investment policy changes adopted over the period 1962- 2012 into three major phases: limited promotion (1962- 1969), restrictive practice (1970-1985) and liberal policies and reform phases (1986- 2012). Impact and implications of government foreign investment policies on trends of FDI inflows into Nigeria was examined using trend analysis. The study found that annual growth rate of total inward FDI was highest during the liberal policy and reform phase, and was least during the restrictive practice phase. The study also found that annual growth rate of inward FDI was: higher in the oil sector than in the non-oil sector during the SAP era (1986-1994), higher in the non-oil sector than in the oil sector after NIPC reform (1995- 2012), and annual growth rate of total inward FDI was higher during the SAP era (1986- 1994) than after the NIPC reform (1995- 201 2). The study used CCR and FMOLS regressions models to analyse the second and third objectives and showed that political instability, easing bureaucratic impediments, democratic accountability, government expenditure, trade openness and market size had positive and significant impact on inward FDI in Nigeria. Finding on interest rate was inconclusive and exchange rates have negative and significant impact on inward FDI in Nigeria. However, high inflation has a negative and insignificant impact on inward FDI while investment risks have positive and insignificant impact on inward FDI in Nigeria.
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6

Bellak, Christian. "The Impact of Enlargement on the Race for FDI." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2004. http://epub.wu.ac.at/804/1/document.pdf.

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Анотація:
This chapter assesses the effects of "Eastern" EU-enlargement on the race for FDI and the policy implications. We start from the proposition that the evolving production patterns of incumbent and new member states determine the need for and the justification of location policy (LP) and FDI promotion policy (FDI-PP). On the basis of empirical production patterns, it is argued that while the specialisation outcome dominates in the short run, the convergence scenario is more likely to prevail in the medium term. Therefore, old and new EU-members will compete increasingly for the same type of FDI. How EU-enlargement per se affects the spatial distribution of inward FDI is described next. The role of FDI-PPs and LPs in an enlarged EU are discussed on the basis of the convergence outcome. Since the new economics of location competition and of FDI-promotion cast serious doubt on the economic justification and effectiveness of FDI-PP, the chapter concludes with a basic dilemma in the race for FDI: namely, the greater ineffectiveness of FDI incentives in the Single Market and fewer possibilities for differentiation of LPs. The latter is due to harmonisation pressures, which calls for innovative policy strategies by central and regional authorities.
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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7

Altzinger, Wilfried, and Christian Bellak. "Direct versus indirect FDI. Impact on domestic exports and employment." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1999. http://epub.wu.ac.at/400/1/document.pdf.

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One of the specific characteristics of Austrian Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) abroad is that a large part is carried out by firms, which themselves are affiliates of foreign Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). Such investment is termed indirect FDI in order to distinguish it from direct FDI, made by Austrian-owned firms. The objective of this paper is to analyse, whether the relatively better domestic employment performance of domestic firms (direct FDI) compared to foreign-owned firms (indirect FDI) can be linked to FDI abroad. Based on an analysis of the sales and trade structure of a sample of Austrian investors in Central and East European Countries (CEECs), this paper tests the hypothesis that these two groups of investors have different motives to invest in CEECs and therefore their activities in CEECs differ by type (sales affiliate, production abroad) and consequently the employment effects at home. Regression results confirm that direct FDI are more strongly determined by labour costs and exhibit an employment pattern related to a deeper international division of labour (including production), while indirect FDI is based relatively more on market seeking investment. Empirical results also confirm that employment effects at home differ. The positive (negative) effect of one additional unit of parent (affiliate) sales on domestic employment for indirect FDI compared to direct FDI is larger (smaller). The - despite this empirical fact - relatively better domestic employment performance of direct FDI is explained by their superior sales performance, resulting from restructuring their international division of labour.
Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"
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8

Jin, Zhe. "The legal environment of corporate income taxation for FDI in China : policy, changes, risks." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32138.

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Foreign direct investment (FDI) was unknown to Chinese people before the opening policy in 1979, but since then China's economy has been surging ahead in the past twenty eight years. As one aspect of the FDI policy, I focused on the corporate taxation field to be my research interest, and the topic of my thesis. In the thesis, the reader will learn how FDI developed in China and degree of FDI development. Also, I provide the reader with China's tax system and policy-oriented in as much detail as possible, most of which is the tax incentive policy towards the FDI in China. However, the policies and incentives raise some issues. As the result of offering FDI tax preference, Chinese government tax revenue as a percentage of GDP has been declining steadily. Problems such as tax avoidance and evasion, and local "fake" FDI entities are getting serious. The new Corporate Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China (CIT Law) was passed by the PRC National People's Congress on March 16 2007 and will take effect on January 2008. When China entered into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, compliance with the general rules required China improve its tax system as soon as possible. The CIT law section in the thesis includes the policy-changing behind the legislation and expected influence on the FDI in China in the future. As a result of the changes to be brought about by the CIT Law, foreign and domestic business in China must adapt to the new tax regime, and I offer some recommendations in that regard.
Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Ali, Reda A. I. "The determinants of foreign direct investment : a comparative study with particular reference to Egypt." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311513.

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Hung, Cheung Tai. "The impacts of euroization on trade and FDI on the Euro area." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2003. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/474.

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Книги з теми "FDI POLICY"

1

Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry. FDI in retail, a policy perspective. New Delhi]: FICCI, 2005.

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2

Indonesia. Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal. FDI strategy paper, 2010. Jakarta, Indonesia]: Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board, 2010.

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3

Slaughter, Matthew J. (Matthew Jon) and Council on Foreign Relations. Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies, eds. Global FDI policy: Correcting a protectionist drift. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 2008.

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4

Institute of Southeast Asian Studies., ed. FDI and development in Vietnam: Policy implications. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2004.

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5

Narula, Rajneesh. Understanding FDI-assisted economic development. New York: Routledge, 2006.

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6

Bhattacharya, B. Policy impediments to trade and FDI in India. New Delhi: Wheeler Pub., 1996.

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7

(Firm), Resurgent India, ed. FDI & FEMA: Reinforcing Indian economy. New Delhi: Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India, 2014.

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8

author, Srivastava Deepika, ed. FDI in India: History, policy and the Asian perspective. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan Private Limited, 2015.

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9

Mattoo, Aaditya. Mode of foreign entry, technology transfer, and FDI policy. Washington, D.C: World Bank, Development Research Group, Trade, 2001.

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10

FDI in retail: A self goal. New Delhi: Vitasta Publishing Pvt. Ltd., 2014.

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Частини книг з теми "FDI POLICY"

1

Fischer, Paul. "FDI-related Policy Instruments." In Foreign Direct Investment in Russia, 481–533. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333977590_17.

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Pedersen, Jørgen Dige. "Is Indian FDI Developmental?" In Transnational Corporations and Development Policy, 105–36. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230228412_6.

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Abe, Kiyoshi. "Japanese FDI and Economic Policy." In Macroeconomic Management, 248–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24280-1_15.

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Durban, Matthew. "FDI policy advocacy and investor targeting." In Promoting and Managing International Investment, 138–59. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge research in international economic law: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429059957-7.

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Düpont, Nils, Ivo Mossig, and Michael Lischka. "Economic Interdependencies and Social Expenditures Revisited." In International Impacts on Social Policy, 305–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_24.

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Анотація:
AbstractDriving the third wave of globalisation, foreign direct investments (FDI) gained momentum since the mid-1980s. Given that FDIs are unevenly distributed across the globe, this chapter reviews the globalist perspective that an internationalisation of the economy threatens the welfare state. We confront it with descriptive statistics, looking at FDIs and public social expenditure in 70 countries from 1995 to 2015. Our tentative results suggest that different modes of market integration—whether a country is a net recipient or sender of FDIs—trigger two processes: rich countries with a surplus of outward stocks rather compensate their citizens whereas FDI inward stocks help less developed countries to grow and fund social policies.
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Dhanora, Madan, and Ruchi Sharma. "Patent Policy and Relationship Between Innovation and Monopoly Power: Evidence from Indian High and Medium Technology Industries." In FDI, Technology and Innovation, 95–116. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3611-3_5.

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Sprenger, Rolf-Ulrich, and Michael Rauscher. "Economic Globalization, FDI, Environment and Employment." In Internationalization of the Economy and Environmental Policy Options, 79–124. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04580-0_4.

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Mahbub, Tareq. "Summary and Policy Implication." In Encouraging Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bangladesh’s Power Sector, 85–96. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27990-4_6.

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Tiwari, Meera. "Does FDI Reduce Poverty? Case Studies from India." In Transnational Corporations and Development Policy, 202–22. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230228412_10.

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Sheng, Andrew. "Policy Implications of FDI on Financial Sector Development." In From World Factory to Global Investor, 191–204. First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315455815-17.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "FDI POLICY"

1

Jaeck, Louis, and Sehjeong Kim. "Interest Groups, Information Provision and FDI Policy Liberalization." In Annual International Conference on Qualitative and Quantitative Economics Research (QQE 2016). Global Science & Technology Forum ( GSTF ), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-2012_qqe16.23.

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2

Pandurević, Nemanja. "THE EUROPEAN UNION INVESTMENT POLICY." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujvcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.187p.

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Анотація:
The Lisbon Treaty empowered competence of the EU in the area of FDI. One of the main reasons to have single investment policy by the EU is that the EU has the better negotiation position for the future agreements in the field of FDI. The paper analyzes the impact of the FDI to the EU economy, reasons for introducing the new EU investment policy, scope of the new EU investment competence.
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Lei, Xiao. "FDI Spillover from G20 Countries, Policy Support Degree and China's Regional Technology Development." In Proceedings of the 2018 2nd International Conference on Economic Development and Education Management (ICEDEM 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icedem-18.2018.18.

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Hazners, Juris, and Andra Zvirbule. "EU funding as a determinant of foreign direct investments in rural areas - policy implications." In Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.28.2022.025.

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This paper analyzes the direct impact of the EU funding on the spatial distribution of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in Latvian rural districts. While the determinants of inflows of FDI are often analysed at the regional and national level, the impact of the EU funding on the spatial distribution of FDI between the administrative entities within a single country is not extensively studied. The research objective is to assess the possible net impact of the EU funding on FDI inflows in Latvian rural districts, thus enabling the more targeted policy decisions with respect to the structure in future EU funding. To evaluate this impact, Instrumental Variables method is applied using the panel data on Latvian rural districts. The research results confirm that positive direct impact of the EU funding on the FDI inflows in Latvian rural districts exists, and it is substantial and statistically significant. At the same time, confounded ‘third factors’ might exist with negative impact on FDI inflows. While the spatial distribution of the FDI inflows in several regional aspects is rather uneven, the respective differences in the EU funding are less pronounced confirming the existence of negative ‘third factors’. Hence, the structure of the support by EU funds has to be revised to improve the local potential determinants of the FDI inflows with emphasis on infrastructure and human capital.
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Turdykhan, Assylkhan, and Liucija Birškytė. "EVALUATING PRIORITIES FOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN BALTIC COUNTRIES." In 23rd Conference for Young Researchers "Economics and Management". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/vvf.2020.025.

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The purpose of this study is to аssеss the relаtive priоrity of three Bаltic countriеs аs а home country fоr fоreign direct іnvеstmеnt (FDI) іnflоw from the United Stаtеs of Аmericа over the pаst four yeаrs (2014–2018). The study offers а structured model referrіng to а combіnаtiоn of the аnаlytic hierаrchy procеss (АHP) аnd the technique fоr оrder preferеnce by sіmilаrity to ideаl solutiоn (TOPSIS). To provide vаlid аnswers to rеseаrch quеstiоn, the sevеn reliаble determіnаnts of FDI were selected from recеnt studiеs. The rеsults fоr this tіme period shоw thаt productivity, mаrket potеntiаl, mаrket size, GDP grоwth аnd developmеnt hаve the highеst priоrity іm the decisiоn-mаkіng procеss. Hоwever, this study hаs potеntiаl lіmitаtiоns. The evаluаtiоn of priоritiеs of Bаltic countriеs аre bаsed оn а lіmited tіme period. The obtаіned fіndіngs help to evаluаte trеnds of the аctivity of FDI аnd cаn аssist policy mаkers аnd іnvеstоrs of multіnаtiоnаl cоrpоrаtiоns with their chаllеngеs of strаtegic decisiоn-mаkіng procеss
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YOZIEV, Golibjon. "PROSPECTS FOR EXPANDING SOUTH KOREA-UZBEKISTAN INVESTMENT COOPERATION." In UZBEKISTAN-KOREA: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION. OrientalConferences LTD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ocl-01-01.

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Анотація:
More and more countries are seeking to liberalize their economies to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. In this regard, the most important question for these countries is not only to reform, but also how to carry out reforms. In this regard, the Korean experience is a particularly interesting example. Because its reforms, which began in the 1990s, were rapid and farreaching. The purpose of this study is to study deeply the experience of the Republic of Korea in attracting foreign direct investment. By studying the Korean experience, we will try to find answers to the questions: What were the main obstacles and what were the main driving forces? How did FDI liberalization compare with other reforms (trade and regulatory reform, foreign investment policy)? Understanding the Korean experience is useful for other countries, especially for Uzbekistan, which still has high levels of regulatory constraints, as measured by the FDI Index. In recent years, Uzbekistan has been striving to attract more investment and realizes that it is necessary to reform its investment regime, but does not know how best to proceed.
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Uçkaç, Müdrike, Harun Bal, and Esma Erdoğan. "Why is Foreign Direct Investment Decreasing in the Turkish Economy?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02658.

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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a type of external finance that is desired by all countries in order to accelerate capital accumulation and increase production, employment, and technological capacity. In the development process of the Turkish economy, FDI remained limited until the 1980s, and after this date, policy changes were made, and significant increases were experienced within the framework of the regulations and developments. Especially in the 2002-2015 period, it was seen that FDI to Turkey was the scene of historical records. With the last quarter of the 2010s, these increases slowed down and entered a regression process. These developments highlight the issue of FDI and its determinants and necessitate analysis in the context of its different dimensions. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effects of some important indicators, which are thought to be the determinants of foreign direct investments in the Turkish economy, on FDI by using the data set for the period 2003:Q2-2019:Q4. Unit root test and Granger causality test were used to determine the said relationship. Based on the relevant literature, the factors expected to guide foreign direct investments are market volume, foreign trade openness rate, real exchange rate and fear index (VIX). Findings obtained in the study, foreign trade openness ratio and VIX are Granger causality of foreign direct investors. Accordingly, the past and present values of the foreign trade openness ratio and the VIX have a significant effect on foreign direct investors in Turkey, and a one-way causality relationship has been determined here. In the study, foreign direct investment has a one-way effect on the market volume, no causal relationship was found between the real exchange rate and foreign direct investment. In this context, it can be stated that Turkey needs measures to accelerate economic growth, as well as policies and practices that reduce country risks, in order to accelerate FDI.
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Guo-shun, Wang, Zhang Shi-jing, and Shao Liu-guo. "The Infection of Trade Policy to FDI Technology Spillover Effect ¿The empirical test on Bhagwati hypothesis base on the data of Chinese industries and regions." In 2007 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2007.4422023.

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Ibrahim, Mohamed Isse. "Foreign Direct Investment as an Important Source of External Development Financing: New Evidence in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02247.

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Foreign direct investment is a critical source of external instruments for financing development for Turkey, FDI can contribute to technology diffusion, Economic growth, Employment generation and Sustainable development. However; the Objective of this research is to examine whether foreign direct investment as an external source of financing effects economic growth in Turkey, based on time series data from 2003 to 2016 during the Erdoğan administration. This study employed Harrod-domar growth model using under OLS method. The paper considerate main variables foreign direct investment, Exchange rate and labor force. Based on empirically investigated the study confirmed that foreign direct investment and Labor force has a positive significant relationship to economic growth in Turkey while exchange rate has a negative significant relationship to economic growth in Turkey. So this paper recommends that movement of Turkey should promote policies encourage and creation of a good microeconomic and macroeconomic a friendly environment and utilization of the careful of loose monetary policy to economic performance.
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Fatur Šikić, Tanja. "THE IMPACT OF TOURISM AND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON CARBON EMISSIONS: EVIDENCE FROM EU MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES." In Tourism and hospitality industry. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thi.26.14.

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Purpose - The tourism sector not only contributes significantly to gross domestic product, but also plays an important role in the sustainable economic development of a country. Tourism accounts for approximately 8% of global carbon emissions. From flights and boat trips to souvenirs and accommodations, various activities contribute to tourism emissions. Formulating mitigation measures for sustainable tourism requires an understanding of the factors contributing to the increase in tourism CO2 emissions. This study analyses the impact of tourism and financial development on CO2 emissions, while controlling for foreign direct investment (FDI), real income and energy consumption in seven Mediterranean countries that are part of the European Union (Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Slovenia, and Spain). Methodology - A dynamic panel regression model was used to understand the impact of tourism and financial development on CO2 emissions. The analysis was conducted using annual data from 1995 to 2020 for a sample of seven EU Mediterranean countries. Findings - The empirical results show that the number of tourist arrivals, financial development, real income and energy consumption play an important role in explaining CO2 emissions. Although financial development has an increasing effect on CO2 emissions, tourist arrivals reduce CO2 emissions. It seems that the EU policy to promote sustainable tourism has managed to reduce CO2 emissions. It appears that the tourism sector is using more clean and environmentally friendly technologies in its activities. European countries should continue to take the necessary measures for sustainable tourism. Contribution - This paper aims to contribute to the existing literature in two ways. First, this study examines the impact of tourist arrivals and financial development on environmental degradation so that appropriate measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism. Second, this study focuses on seven Mediterranean countries that are part of the EU and have similar tourism characteristics. The tourism sector in these countries depends heavily on beach tourism. Therefore, the results of this analysis will be of particular interest to policy makers.
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Звіти організацій з теми "FDI POLICY"

1

Donaldson, John, Christos Koulovatianos, Jian Li, and Rajnish Mehra. Demographics and FDI: Lessons from China's One-Child Policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24256.

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2

Du, Luosha, Ann Harrison, and Gary Jefferson. FDI Spillovers and Industrial Policy: The Role of Tariffs and Tax Holidays. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16767.

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Trembeczki, Zsolt. Japanese FDI in India Part II : Drivers and Obstacles from the Viewpoint of Japanese Investors. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2022.69.

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Анотація:
This policy brief is part of a two-part series analysing the history and current situation of Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI), and its potential role in India’s economy. The previous part found that while Japan has become a major investor in India over the recent decades, top-level political relations in the past had limited impact on India’s actual ability to attract Japanese foreign direct investment. This policy brief examines the factors that determine Japanese companies’ willingness to establish or increase their presence in India. It finds that India’s dynamically growing market, relatively cheap talent pool, infrastructure ‘spending spree’, and recent policies promoting the industry are highly attractive to Japanese companies. That being said, Japanese investors are deeply concerned about India’s poor infrastructure and still relatively restrictive regulatory environment. For these reasons, the realisation of the 2022 March announcement by Japanese Prime Minister Kishida, which would add an up to 136% increase in Japanese FDI stock in India, would first and foremost depend on India’s own ability to implement reforms and improve its infrastructure, rather than on the political will of top Indian and Japanese leaders.
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Trembeczki, Zsolt. Japanese FDI in India Part I : From the Licence Raj to the Modi–Abe Years. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2022.68.

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In March 2022, while celebrating the 70th anniversary of Indo-Japanese diplomatic relations, Japan’s Prime Minister announced his country’s plan to invest USD 42 billion in India over the next five years. This policy brief, the first in a two-part series dedicated to India–Japan investment relations, examines whether, if realised, this plan would be a true game changer in Indo–Japanese investment relations. It finds that, historically, Japanese investments in India have mostly followed the broader trends in India’s ability to attract FDI, as well as Japan’s global investment position, and while over the last eight years Indo–Japanese diplomatic relations have intensified remarkably, this has only translated to a mild relative (although significant absolute) increase in Japanese investors’ role in the Indian economy. Against this background, the realisation of PM Kishida’s March announcement would only require a moderate uptake in the trends of the past decade. Whether this happens, however, is more a function of India’s ability to implement further meaningful reforms than of the spirit of high-level bilateral relations.
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Shehaj, Pranvera, and Martin Zagler. Asymmetric Double Tax Treaties and FDI in Developing Countries: The Role of the Relief Method and Tax Sparing. Institute of Development Studies, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.009.

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This study focuses on asymmetric tax treaties and investigates the impact of OECD member states’ double tax relief method and of treaty tax sparing provisions on investments in developing countries, while considering network effects. In addition, it analyses the impact of a residence country’s tax relief method on the source country’s tax policy. Our results suggest that having a treaty between the OECD member state and the developing country, which improves the investor’s conditions in terms of tax burden by changing the unilateral tax relief method, increases FDI to the developing country. The positive effect prevails when investigated within investments made through the direct route from home to host. Furthermore, results suggest that OECD member states offer tax sparing provisions mostly to less-developed economies, which already receive very low, if any, foreign direct investment. Finally, we find that developing countries set higher corporate income tax (CIT) when the OECD member state relieves double taxation through the exemption method, as compared to when it offers a foreign tax credit, while the inclusion of tax sparing agreements has a positive effect on the CIT.
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Hofmann, Kathrin, Fabian Unterlass, and Jürgen Janger. Technologische Souveränität. Empirische Bestimmung und FTI-politische Implikationen. WIFO - Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2023.601.

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Анотація:
Technologische Souveränität zu fördern, bedeutet einseitige ökonomische Abhängigkeiten von politisch sensiblen Drittstaaten in Schlüsseltechnologien zu vermeiden. Anhand eines handels- und patentdatengestützten Schlüsseltechnologiemonitorings zeigt die EU Stärke bei Produktions-, Material- und Biotechnologien, aber Defizite bei digitalen Technologien. Ansätze zur proaktiven Reduktion von Abhängigkeiten können sich an der Distanz der EU zur Frontier in den Schlüsseltechnologien orientieren und einen Policy-Mix aus FTI- und breiteren wirtschaftspolitischen Instrumenten einsetzen. Zentral sind auch signifikant höhere Forschungs- und Entwicklungsausgaben (F&E) und eine bessere Verfügbarkeit von Risikokapital. Die wichtigste Maßnahme für Österreichs technologische Souveränität ist die Mitgliedschaft in der Europäischen Union.
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Estevens, Ana, Fabian Pavel, Agustín Cocola-Gant, and António Lopez-Gay. Reabilitação e turismo na cidade de Lisboa. Policy Brief. Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Universidade de Lisboa, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33787/ceg20220003.

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- Ao longo das últimas duas décadas o Estado Português e a Câmara Municipal de Lisboa têm fomentado políticas públicas de reabilitação destinadas a incentivar a atração de capitais transnacionais,encorajando o seu investimento no imobiliário e no turismo. - Em Lisboa, o setor do turismo tornou-se um dos principais eixos estratégicos da retoma económica pós crise financeira de 2008, merecendo especial destaque as freguesias centrais da cidade. - Neste período, os registos de Alojamento Local (AL) e os hotéis têm vindo a aumentar. Segundo o Turismo de Portugal, os AL passaram de 46 em 2009 para 19.300 em 2021. Este aumento é especialmente relevante nas freguesias centrais da cidade (Arroios, Misericórdia, Santa Maria Maior, Santo António e São Vicente) onde se localiza 71% do AL. A mesma fonte identifica que desde 2009 abriram mais 137 hotéis, sendo que 106 destes se localizam nas freguesias centrais. - Paralelamente, entre 2011 e 2021, perderam-se 1,2% dos alojamentos familiares. Este valor aumenta nas freguesias centrais para 18%, onde se nota, também, uma perda populacional (-19%). Destacam-se as freguesias da Misericórdia e de Santa Maria Maior que perderam, respetivamente, 17,9% e 27,8% dos seus alojamentos familiares, e 26,1% e 22% dos seus habitantes. No total das 5 freguesias centrais nota-se também uma perda de população (-19%) (INE). - Verificámos a substituição da habitação por estabelecimentos turísticos relacionada com processos de reabilitação. Apurámos que 34% dos edifícios existentes nas freguesias centrais tiveram, na última década, alvará para reabilitação, sendo que 82,3% dessas reabilitações deram lugar a AL e a hotéis (CML). - Em Lisboa, a habitação disponível quer para venda, quer para arrendamento sofreu um aumento exponencial do seu valor/m2. Entre 2010 e 2009, o valor da venda aumentou 70,9% e o do arrendamento 54,7%. Nos mesmos anos, nas freguesias do centro da cidade o valor da venda/m2 aumentou 99,4% e o do arrendamento 50,4% (Confidencial Imobiliário). Contudo, os salários médios, entre 2009 e 2019, aumentaram 15,85% (INE). - Em última instância, uma parte consistente da reabilitação de que foi alvo o edificado da cidade, não foi destinada a melhorar as condições habitacionais dos residentes. Criaram-se desigualdades sócio-espaciais evidentes, que se destacam nas freguesias centrais, em que a habitação perdeu a sua função social, dando lugar a edifícios para uso turístico.
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Monetary Policy Report - January 2023. Banco de la República, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr1-2023.

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1. Macroeconomic Summary In December, headline inflation (13.1%) and the average of the core inflation measures (10.3%) continued to trend upward, posting higher rates than those estimated by the Central Bank's technical staff and surpassing the market average. Inflation expectations for all terms exceeded the 3.0% target. In that month, every major group in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) registered higher-than-estimated increases, and the diffusion indicators continued to show generalized price hikes. Accumulated exchange rate pressures on prices, indexation to high inflation rates, and several food supply shocks would explain, in part, the acceleration in inflation. All of this is in a context of significant surplus demand, a tight labor market, and inflation expectations at different terms that exceed the 3.0% target. Compared to the October edition of the Monetary Policy Report, the forecast path for headline and core inflation (excluding food and regulated items: EFR) increased (Graphs 1.1 and 1.2), reflecting heightened accumulated exchange rate pressures, price indexation to a higher inflation rate (CPI and the producer price index: PPI), and the rise in labor costs attributed to a larger-than-estimated adjustment in the minimum wage. Nevertheless, headline inflation is expected to begin to ease by early 2023, although from a higher level than had been estimated in October. This would be supported initially by the slowdown forecast for the food CPI due to a high base of comparison, the end anticipated for the shocks that have affected the prices of these products, and the estimated improvement in external and domestic supply in this sector. In turn, the deterioration in real household income because of high inflation and the end of the effects of pent-up demand, plus tighter external and domestic financial conditions would contribute to diluting surplus demand in 2023 and reducing inflation. By the end of 2023, both headline and core (EFR) inflation would reach 8.7% and would be 3.5% and 3.8%, respectively, by December 2024. These forecasts are subject to a great deal of uncertainty, especially concerning the future behavior of international financial conditions, the evolution of the exchange rate, the pace of adjustment in domestic demand, the extent of indexation of nominal contracts, and the decisions taken regarding the domestic price of fuel and electricity. In the third quarter, economic activity surprised again on the upside and the growth projection for 2022 rose to 8.0% (previously 7.9%). However, it declined to 0.2% for 2023 (previously 0.5%). With this, surplus demand continues to be significant and is still expected to weaken during the current year. Annual economic growth in the third quarter (7.1 % SCA)1 was higher than estimated in October (6.4 % SCA), given stronger domestic demand specifically because of higher-than-expected investment. Private consumption fell from the high level witnessed a quarter earlier and net exports registered a more negative contribution than anticipated. For the fourth quarter, economic activity indicators suggest that gross domestic product (GDP) would have remained high and at a level similar to that observed in the third quarter, with an annual variation of 4.1%. Domestic demand would have slowed in annual terms, although at levels that would have remained above those for output, mainly because of considerable private consumption. Investment would have declined slightly to a value like the average observed in 2019. The real trade deficit would have decreased due to a drop in imports that was more pronounced than the estimated decline in exports. On the forecast horizon, consumption is expected to decline from current elevated levels, partly because of tighter domestic financial conditions and a deterioration in real income due to high inflation. Investment would also weaken and return to levels below those seen before the pandemic. In real terms, the trade deficit would narrow due to a lower momentum projection for domestic demand and higher cumulative real depreciation. In sum, economic growth for all of 2022, 2023, and 2024 would stand at 8.0%, 0.2% and 1.0%, respectively (Graph 1.3). Surplus demand remains high (as measured by the output gap) and is expected to decline in 2023 and could turn negative in 2024 (Graph 1.4). Although the macroeconomic forecast includes a marked slowdown in the economy, an even greater adjustment in domestic absorption cannot be ruled out due to the cumulative effects of tighter external and domestic financial conditions, among other reasons. These estimates continue to be subject to a high degree of uncertainty, which is associated with factors such as global political tensions, changes in international interest rates and their effects on external demand, global risk aversion, the effects of the approved tax reform, the possible impact of reforms announced for this year (pension, health, and labor reforms, among others), and future measures regarding hydrocarbon production. In 2022, the current account deficit would have been high (6.3 % of GDP), but it would be corrected significantly in 2023 (to 3.9 % of GDP) given the expected slowdown in domestic demand. Despite favorable terms of trade, the high external imbalance that would occur during 2022 would be largely due to domestic demand growth, cost pressures associated with high freight rates, higher external debt service payments, and good performance in terms of the profits of foreign companies.2 By 2023, the adjustment in domestic demand would be reflected in a smaller current account deficit especially due to fewer imports, a global moderation in prices and cost pressures, and a reduction in profits remitted abroad by companies with foreign direct investment (FDI) focused on the local market. Despite this anticipated correction in the external imbalance, its level as a percentage of GDP would remain high in the context of tight financial conditions. In the world's main economies, inflation forecasts and expectations point to a reduction by 2023, but at levels that still exceed their central banks' targets. The path anticipated for the Federal Reserve (Fed) interest rate increased and the forecast for global growth continues to be moderate. In the fourth quarter of 2022, logistics costs and international prices for some foods, oil and energy declined from elevated levels, bringing downward pressure to bear on global inflation. Meanwhile, the higher cost of financing, the loss of real income due to high levels of global inflation, and the persistence of the war in Ukraine, among other factors, have contributed to the reduction in global economic growth forecasts. In the United States, inflation turned out to be lower than estimated and the members of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) reduced the growth forecast for 2023. Nevertheless, the actual level of inflation in that country, its forecasts, and expectations exceed the target. Also, the labor market remains tight, and fiscal policy is still expansionary. In this environment, the Fed raised the expected path for policy interest rates and, with this, the market average estimates higher levels for 2023 than those forecast in October. In the region's emerging economies, country risk premia declined during the quarter and the currencies of those countries appreciated against the US dollar. Considering all the above, for the current year, the Central Bank's technical staff increased the path estimated for the Fed's interest rate, reduced the forecast for growth in the country's external demand, lowered the expected path of oil prices, and kept the country’s risk premium assumption high, but at somewhat lower levels than those anticipated in the previous Monetary Policy Report. Moreover, accumulated inflationary pressures originating from the behavior of the exchange rate would continue to be important. External financial conditions facing the economy have improved recently and could be associated with a more favorable international context for the Colombian economy. So far this year, there has been a reduction in long-term bond interest rates in the markets of developed countries and an increase in the prices of risky assets, such as stocks. This would be associated with a faster-than-expected reduction in inflation in the United States and Europe, which would allow for a less restrictive course for monetary policy in those regions. In this context, the risks of a global recession have been reduced and the global appetite for risk has increased. Consequently, the risk premium continues to decline, the Colombian peso has appreciated significantly, and TES interest rates have decreased. Should this trend consolidate, exchange rate inflationary pressures could be less than what was incorporated into the macroeconomic forecast. Uncertainty about external forecasts and their impact on the country remains high, given the unpredictable course of the war in Ukraine, geopolitical tensions, local uncertainty, and the extensive financing needs of the Colombian government and the economy. High inflation with forecasts and expectations above 3.0%, coupled with surplus demand and a tight labor market are compatible with a contractionary stance on monetary policy that is conducive to the macroeconomic adjustment needed to mitigate the risk of de-anchoring inflation expectations and to ensure that inflation converges to the target. Compared to the forecasts in the October edition of the Monetary Policy Report, domestic demand has been more dynamic, with a higher observed level of output exceeding the productive capacity of the economy. In this context of surplus demand, headline and core inflation continued to trend upward and posted surprising increases. Observed and expected international interest rates increased, the country’s risk premia lessened (but remains at high levels), and accumulated exchange rate pressures are still significant. The technical staff's inflation forecast for 2023 increased and inflation expectations remain well above 3.0%. All in all, the risk of inflation expectations becoming unanchored persists, which would accentuate the generalized indexation process and push inflation even further away from the target. This macroeconomic context requires consolidating a contractionary monetary policy stance that aims to meet the inflation target within the forecast horizon and bring the economy's output to levels closer to its potential. 1.2 Monetary Policy Decision At its meetings in December 2022 and January 2023, Banco de la República’s Board of Directors (BDBR) agreed to continue the process of normalizing monetary policy. In December, the BDBR decided by a majority vote to increase the monetary policy interest rate by 100 basis points (bps) and in its January meeting by 75 bps, bringing it to 12.75% (Graph 1.5). 1/ Seasonally and calendar adjusted. 2/ In the current account aggregate, the pressures for a higher external deficit come from those companies with FDI that are focused on the domestic market. In contrast, profits in the mining and energy sectors are more than offset by the external revenue they generate through exports. Box 1 - Electricity Rates: Recent Developments and Indexation. Author: Édgar Caicedo García, Pablo Montealegre Moreno and Álex Fernando Pérez Libreros Box 2 - Indicators of Household Indebtedness. Author: Camilo Gómez y Juan Sebastián Mariño
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