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Статті в журналах з теми "Farm risks"
Ullah, Raza, Ganesh P. Shivakoti, Farhad Zulfiqar, and Muhammad Asif Kamran. "Farm risks and uncertainties." Outlook on Agriculture 45, no. 3 (September 2016): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727016665440.
Повний текст джерелаChattha, Hassan S., Kenneth W. Corscadden, and Qamar U. Zaman. "Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment for Improving Farm Safety on Canadian Farms." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 23, no. 3 (2017): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.11959.
Повний текст джерелаUllah, Raza, and Ganesh P. Shivakoti. "Adoption of On-Farm and Off-Farm Diversification to Manage Agricultural Risks." Outlook on Agriculture 43, no. 4 (December 2014): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/oa.2014.0188.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Xuan, Jing Chen, and Chien-Yu Huang. "Too Risky to Focus on Agriculture? An Empirical Study of China’s Agricultural Households’ Off-Farm Employment Decisions." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030697.
Повний текст джерелаEtzler, Linnea, Stefano Marzani, Roberto Montanari, and Francesco Tesauri. "Mitigating Accident Risk in Farm Tractors." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 16, no. 1 (January 2008): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/106480408x282737.
Повний текст джерелаAkhtar, Shoaib, Azhar Abbas, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal, Muhammad Rizwan, Abdus Samie, Muhammad Faisal, and Jam Ghulam Murtaza Sahito. "What Determines the Uptake of Multiple Tools to Mitigate Agricultural Risks among Hybrid Maize Growers in Pakistan? Findings from Field-Level Data." Agriculture 11, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070578.
Повний текст джерелаArcury, Thomas, and Sara Quandt. "Occupational and Environmental Health Risks in Farm Labor." Human Organization 57, no. 3 (September 1998): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.57.3.m77667m3j2136178.
Повний текст джерелаHeifner, Richard G., Bruce H. Wright, and Lynn J. Maish. "Prospects for hedging federal farm program budgetary risks." Journal of Futures Markets 11, no. 5 (October 1991): 539–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fut.3990110503.
Повний текст джерелаYulianti, Atika, Argyo Demartoto, and LV Ratna Devi Sakuntalawati. "MULTIPLE INCOME PATTERNS AND REFLEXIVITY: THE STRATEGY OF ELDERLY WOMEN FARMERS IN FOOD SECURITY." International Journal of Education and Social Science Research 05, no. 01 (2022): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37500/ijessr.2022.5125.
Повний текст джерелаJuarini, Juarini, Sri Widodo, Masyhuri Masyhuri, and Slamet Hartono. "Perilaku petani terhadap risiko usahatani di lahan pantai kabupaten kulon progo =The farmer behavior toward risksthe farming in shore land kulon progo regency." Agro Ekonomi 9, no. 2 (November 29, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agroekonomi.16792.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Farm risks"
Nguyen, Cao Nam. "Farming risks in the Upper Eyre Peninsula : AGRIC 7010 Project C (ANR) (one semester)." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AGM/09agmn5764.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаZhao, Wei. "Defining farm-safety research priorities and adjusting farm insurance premiums by a risk analysis approach." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38620.
Повний текст джерелаSmithers, Cindy. "Crop insurance and farm management of weather-related risks." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35933.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTshoni, Simphiwe. "Analysis of smallholders’ farm diversity and risk attitudes in the Stellenbosch local municipal area." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96677.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to consider whether smallholders operate within homogenous or differentiated farming systems i.e. a similar “‘one type”’ system or a system that could be described as a smallholder typology consisting of a number of farming types. The enquiry firstly described and analysed farm diversity and then developed risk attitude profiles of smallholder farmers in the Stellenbosch local municipal area in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The problem statements, directing this study is that there is a general misconception that smallholders are all “‘the same’” and that they all operate within one ‘“representative farming model”’; and that the majority of smallholders are risk averse. These views also argue that all smallholder farmers are not primarily directed at profit objectives, but that social considerations are most relevant and that different social orientations are shaping farming systems. These views are investigated in this study and the hypotheses directing this analysis is that smallholders in the study area are not a homogenous group; rather types within a broader farming typology, with different orientations and objectives and with different risk attitude profiles. The study originated as part of an international collaborative investigation – the South African Agrarian Diagnoses project, a joint research project of the Agro Paris Tech/Agence Francaise de Development, the Standard Bank Centre for Agribusiness Development and Leadership, Stellenbosch University and the University of Pretoria in to farmer diversity and farmer typologies in South Africa. This investigation looked at smallholder farming in different agrogeographical areas in South Africa, with this particular study focussing on potential smallholder farmer diversity in the Stellenbosch local municipal area. The Stellenbosch local municipality and Western Cape Department of Agriculture provided logistical support, information to this investigation and participated in focus group sessions. Smallholder activity in this study was defined to include both small scale farming activities and the mobilisation of smallholders/farm workers in so-called ‘“farm worker equity schemes’” – a type not included in the other regions. Data was collected from eight smallholders’ farming communities and the four different farm workers’ equity share schemes through surveys and interviews. The following towns and hamlets: Franschhoek, Kylemore, Lanquedoc (Herbal View and Spier Corridor), Pniel, Jamestown, Raithby, Lynedoch and Koelenhof; and four farm workers’ equity share schemes were: Swartrivier vineyard project, Koopmanskloof vineyard project, Enaleni Trust and Poker Hill vineyard project. Personal interviews and focus group discussions were conducted and cluster analysis was used for the diversity (typology) analysis and the Likert scale was employed to measure risk attitude profiles. A non-probability sampling approach was used to select a sample size of 49 respondents. The reason for using non-probability sampling technique was that when one wants to do the diversity analysis, one must try to include many respondents in the sample and the farmers that are included must be representative of the population from which they are selected. The variables selected as determinants of farm diversity included information about: demographics and households, land ownership and occupation, farming activities, farming objectives, agricultural inputs, labour, equipment, farming constraints, access to markets, financial support services, educational and training services, extension services and reasons for quitting farming activities. From this, different farming types and typologies were identified, described and structured. Preference indications for different risk management strategies were then used to measure and describe the risk attitudes of different types of smallholder farmers using the Likert risk attitudinal scale. The results and findings confirmed the study hypotheses relating to diversity in smallholder farming in the target area, namely that smallholders in this geographical area are not a homogenous group and rejects the stated hypotheses that most smallholder farmers are risk averse. A Stellenbosch smallholder typology, with six different farming types were established viz: type 1 – farmland-occupying but non-farming households (10.2% of the sample), type 2 – pensioner – livestock farmers (16.3% of the sample), type 3 – part-time cattle farmers (14.3% of the sample), type 4 – commercial equity share farmers (16.3% of the sample), type 5 – retirement planning crop producers (20.4% of the sample), and type 6 – commercial crop producers (22.5% of the sample). With regard to risk profiles, risk attitudes varied between these types and also within each type, hence risk attitudes for smallholders are also not found to be similar. The results revealed that those smallholder farmers moving on a development path towards commercial agriculture (types 4, 5 and 6) were risk preferring; less commercially orientated farm types (types 1, 2 and 3), showed risk averse and risk neutral orientations. The risk profile percentages of farmers interviewed were 43.2%, 34.1% and 22.7%, respectively for risk preferring, risk neutral and risk averse; this finding rejects the stated hypotheses. From these results, a number of issues, relevant to development support programmes, were proposed for further agricultural economic research. The most important of these are related to: appropriate development support strategies related to farm types and the potential development paths for each type; and the structuring of appropriate ‘“risk management instruments”’ for each type, in particular to support smallholder farmers; with a development trajectory towards commercial farming, i.e. to support emerging commercial farmers – an important category of farming listed in current government policy and in the National Development Plan.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die tipe kleinboere-stelsel (smallholder farming systems) wat voorkom in die Stellenbosch munisipale gebied in die WesKaap provinsie van Suid Afrika en die eenvormigheid al dan nie daarvan te ontleed. Eerstens is plaasdiversiteit ondersoek en ontleed; en daarna die risikohoudings van sondagie kleinboere. Die ontledings is dan gebruik om uitspraak te gee oor die eenvormigheid of diversiteit van kleinboerestelsels in die geogafiese gebied. Die probleemstelling wat hierdie studie gerig het, was dat daar ’n algehele wanbegrip mag bestaan dat kleinboere almal “dieselfde” is, of binne n ‘“eenvormige verteenwoordigende boerderymodel”’ funksioneer; en dat, gekoppel hieraan, die meerderheid kleinboere risikoafkerig is. Hierdie sienings hou ook voor dat alle kleinboere nie noodwendig op winsdoelwitte fokus nie, maar dat maatskaplike oorwegings ook relevant is en dat verskillende oriëntasies boerderystelsels vorm. Hierdie sienings word in hierdie studie ondersoek en die hipotese wat die analise rig, is dat die kleinboere in die studie nie ’n eenvormige of homogene groep is nie, eerder verskillende soorte/tipes kleinboere met verskillende oriëntasies en doelwitte en dus ook met verskillende risikohoudings. Die studie het sy oorsprong as deel van ’n internasionale samewerkende ondersoek – die South African Agrarian Diagnoses-projek van die Agro Paris Tech/Agence Francaise de Development, die Standard Bank Sentrum vir Agribesigheidsontwikkeling en Leierskap, Universiteit van Stellenbosch endie Universiteit van Pretoria oor die diversiteit en tipologieë van kleinboere in Suid Afrika. Hierdie ondersoek het gekyk na verskillende agro-geologiese gebiede in SuidAfrika, met hierdie studie wat gefokus het op die potensiële diversiteit van boere in die Stellenbosse plaaslike munisipale gebied. Die Stellenbosche Munisipaliteit en Departement van Landbou in die Wes Kaap het ondersteunend gestaan met logistiek en deelname aan fokusgroep gesprekke. Kleinboeraktiwiteit in hierdie studie is gedefinieer om beide kleinskaalse boerderyaktiwiteite op klein grond persele, as ook die mobilisering van kleinboere/plaaswerkers in sogenaamde gedeelde boerdery - eienaarskapskemas in te sluit – n unieke tipe wat nie in die ander streke ondersoek is nie.. Data is vanuit agt kleinboergemeenskappe en die vier verskillende gedeelde eienaarskapskemas vir plaaswerkers deur middel van opnames en onderhoude bekom. Die boerderygemeenskappe was in die volgende dorpe en klein dorpies gevestig: Franschhoek, Kylemore, Lanquedoc (Herbal View en Spier Corridor), Pniel, Jamestown, Raithby, Lynedoch en Koelenhof; en die vier gedeelde eienaarskapskemas vir plaaswerkers was: die Swartrivier wingerdprojek, die Koopmanskloof wingerdprojek, Enaleni Trust en die Poker Hill wingerdprojek. Persoonlike onderhoude en fokusgroepbesprekings is gehou en cluster analise is gebruik vir die diversiteit (tipologie) analise en die Likertskaal is gebruik risiko houding profiele te meet. 'N niewaarskynlikheidsteekproefneming benadering is gebruik om 'n steekproefgrootte van 49 respondente te kies. Die rede vir die gebruik van nie-waarskynlikheidsteekproefneming tegniek was dat wanneer 'n mens die diversiteit ontleding te doen, moet 'n mens probeer om soveel respondente in die monster en die boere wat ingesluit is, moet verteenwoordigend van die bevolking waaruit hulle gekies word om te sluit. Onderhoude is gedoen met sulke kleinboere en trosanalise is gebruik vir die analise van diversiteit (tipologie), en die Likert-skaal is gebruik om risikohoudingsprofiele te meet. Die veranderlikes wat as determinante van plaasdiversiteit gekies is, het inligting oor demografie en huishoudings, grondeienaarskap en -besetting, boerderyaktiwiteite, boerderydoelwitte, landboukundige insette, arbeid, toerusting, boerderybeperkings, marktoegang, finansiële ondersteuningsdienste, opvoedkundige en opleidingsdienste, uitbreidingsdienste en redes hoekom boerdery laat vaar is, ingesluit. Hieruit is verskillende boerderytipes geïdentifiseer en gekonstrueer. Voorkeure opsies vir verskillende risikobestuurstrategieë is gebruik om die risikohoudings van die deur middel van die Likert risikohoudingskaal te meet. Die resultate van hierdie studie het die hipotese oor die aanwesigheid van diversiteit bevestig, naamlik dat kleinboere in hierdie geografiese gebied nie ’n homogene groep is nie n verwerp die gestelde hipoteses dat die meeste kleinboere is risiko-sku. ’n Stellenbosch-tipologie, bestaande uit ses verskillende boerderytipes, is vasgestel: tipe 1 – huishoudings wat nie boer nie maar wat op landbougrond woon (10.2% van die monster), tipe 2 – pensioenaris-veeboere (16.3% van die monster), tipe 3 – deeltydse veeboere (14.3% van die monster), tipe 4 – kommersiële gedeelde eienaarskapskema boere (16.3% van die monster), tipe 5 – gewasprodusente wat aftrede beplan (20.4% van die monster), en tipe 6 – kommersiële gewasprodusente (22.5% van die monster). Met betrekking tot risikoprofiele het risikohoudings tussen die tipes en ook binne elke tipe gewissel, dus is die risikohoudings van kleinboere ook nie gevind om dieselfde te wees nie. Die resultate toon dat kleinboere wat in die rigting van kommersiële landbou beweeg (tipes 4, 5 en 6) risiko-voorkeurend is; daarenteen het minder kommersieel gerigte plaastipes (tipes 1, 2 en 3)risiko-afkerige en risiko-neutrale instellings getoon. In die geheel was die persentasies 43,2%, 34.1% en 22.7% vir risiko-voorkeurend, risiko-neutraal en risiko-afkerig onderskeidelik, wat ook die diversiteitshipotese ondersteun. Vanuit hierdie bevindings word ’n aantal kwessies wat relevant is vir ontwikkelingsondersteuningsprogramme vir kleinboere op verskillende ontwikkelingstrajekte, voorgestel vie verder elandbou ekonomiese navorsing. Die belangrikste hiervan hou verband met die aangewese ontwikkelingstrajekte per kleinboer tipe en daarmeegepaardgaande gepaste “risikobestuurinstrumente” – veral vir die ondersteuning van kleinboere met ’n ontwikkelingstrajek na kommersiële boerdery, m.a.w. opkomende kommersiële boere – ’n belangrike boerderykategorie wat in huidige regeringsbeleid en in die Nasionale Ontwikkelingsplan geprioritiseer word.
Hayman, Peter Theodore, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Environment and Agriculture. "Dancing in the rain : farmers and agricultural scientists in a variable climate." THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Hayman_P.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/138.
Повний текст джерелаDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Jordaan, Emile. "'n Kritiese evaluasie van die gebruik van informasie tegnologie ten einde produksierisiko van aartappels onder besproeiing, te verminder." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52359.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study evaluates the use of information technology as a method to reduce production risk for irrigated potatoes. Risk in agriculture is discussed under climatic, market or price and production related risk. Production related risk covers the disciplines of planting, irrigation, fertilisation, disease and pest control as well as harvesting. It is in the above mentioned disciplines that information technology could possible be applied to reduce production risk in irrigated potatoes. The nature of this study can therefor be described as the investigation of the economic justification of information technology as a method to reduce production risk in irrigated potatoes. A brief introduction to put potato production in world and South African context into perspective, is provided. In South African context the importance and position of potato production relative to other crops is discussed. To better understand the economic conditions, under which potatoes are produced in South Africa, a financial breakdown of production cost for irrigated potatoes over regions is given. It is important to understand the economics of potato production before a proper assessment of thepossible benefits of information technology can be made. Various principles and instruments involved with information technology, as it applies to potato production under irrigation are also discussed. Irrigation scheduling as a discipline in which information technology can be applied, is also discussed. It is important to understand that irrigation scheduling can be based on two underlying principles, i.e. atmospheric modelling and soil moisture measurement. Various examples of measurement instruments are discussed. Climatic based disease modelling and petiole sampling as a method to determine nutritional status in the potato plant, was also discussed. A brief discussion of computerised agriculture management software was included to conclude the discussion on the principles and instruments available for information technology in irrigated potato production. The use of fertiliser scheduling, irrigation scheduling and climatic modelling to reduce fungal diseases in potatoes, as information technology methods, are explained in greater detail. It is shown that recommended levels for various nutrients do exist and that petiole analysis as a method to determine these levels at various growth stages, can be applied successfully. It is further argued that with various methods of irrigation scheduling, proper decision making about the amount and timing of irrigation needed, can be possible. The Plant-Plus system as a method to better control Late Blight on potatoes, is discussed. The results obtained through a commercial trial proves the validity of climatic modelling as a method of information technology to reduce production risk on potatoes, specifically the risk associated with Late Blight. The existence of and results obtained through the equipment and methods previuosly mentioned, raises the question of the economic viability of information technology at farm level. To investigate the perception of growers with regard to the applicability of information technology to reduce production risk and their readiness to adopt such . -- technology, a questionnaire was sent to 40 commercial potato growers throughout South Africa. Growers were tested on their perception with regard to the use of information technology on aspects such as financial management, irrigation scheduling, fertilisation, climatic measurement for fungal modelling as well as a profile analysis of the grower. The results of the survey are tabulated and analysed. Growers were on average positive about the value of information technology and indicated that under certain conditions, they were prepared to implement such technology. Margins in commercial potato production are under severe pressure and are in fact shrinking. Case studies presented in this investigation and results from the pilot survey indicate that the use of information technology is not only important for the reduction of risk in potato production but also imperative for sustainable and profitable potato production. It can therefore be concluded that, based on the results obtained in the pilot questionnaire, a statistical valid sample would probably support the findings in the pilot study. The pilot study indicated that reliable, affordable and practical information technology, as it has been presented in this investigation, does have a place in modern day irrigated potato production.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie evalueer die gebruik van informasie tegnologie as 'n metode om produksie risiko in die verbouing van aartappels onder besproeiing, te verminder. Risiko in landbou word onder klimatologiese, mark of prys en produksie verwante risiko bespreek. Produksie verwante risiko kan weer onderverdeel word in risiko wat verband hou met plant of vestiging, besproeiing, bemesting, plaag en pes beheer asook oes. Dit is dan in die bogenoemde dissiplines waar informasie tegnologie moontlik aangewend kan word om produksie verwante risiko te verminder. Die kern van hierdie ondersoek kan gevolglik saamgevat word as 'n ondersoek na die ekonomiese regverdigbaarheid van informasie tegnologie as 'n metode om produksierisiko in die verbouing van aartappels onder besproeiing, te verminder. Daar word kortliks verwys na aartappel verbouing in wêreld en Suid Afrikaanse konteks. In Suid Afrikaanse konteks is die relatiewe belangrikheid van aartappelverbouing in vergelyking met ander gewasse uitgelig. Ten einde 'n beter begrip vir die ekonomiese omstandighede waaronder aartappels in Suid Afrika verbou word, word 'n afbraak van produksiekoste oor streke verskaf Dit is belangrik om die ekonomie van aartappelproduksie te verstaan voordat 'n deeglike evaluering van die moontlike voordele wat informasie tegnologie kan inhou, onderneem kan word. Verskeie beginsels en instrumente in die aanwending van informasie tegnologie, soos van toepassing in die verbouing van aartappels onder besproeiing, word ook toegelig. Hieronder word besproeiingskedulering as 'n metode bespreek. Dit is verder belangrik om te besef dat besproeiingskedulering op hoofsaaklik twee beginsels berus naamlik atmosferiese modellering en fisiese grondvog meting. Verskeie voorbeelde van meetinstrumente word bespreek. Klimatologiese siektemodellering en petioolontledings as 'n metode om die voedingstatus van aartappelplante te bepaal, word ook bespreek. Die gebruik van bemestingskedulering, besproeiingskedulering en klimatologiese modellering vir die beheer van laatroes op aartappels, as metodes van informasie tegnologie, word in groter besonderhede toegelig. Daar is aangetoon dat aanbevole peile vir verskeie nutriënte bestaan. Deur die neem van gereelde petiool ontledings kan hierdie peile suksesvol gedurende die opeenvolgende fenologiese stadia van die aartappelplant, gehandhaaf word. Daar is verder aangevoer dat deur die gebruik van verskeie metodes van besproeiingskedulering, deeglike besluitneming rakende die hoeveelheid en tydsberekening van 'n besproeiing, moontlik is. Die Plant-Plus sisteem as 'n metode om laatroes op aartappels te beheer, is toegelig. Resultate behaal in 'n kommersiële aanplanting het die geldigheid van klimatologiese modellering as 'n metode om produksierisiko - veral die risiko geassosieer met laatroes - te verminder, onderskryf. Die bestaan van resultate en instrumente soos voorgehou in Hoofstukke 3 en 4, onderskryf of bevestig die vermoede dat informasie tegnologie wel aangewend kan word om produksierisiko in aartappelverbouing te verminder. Die vraag is egter of dit ekonomies op plaasvlak aangewend kan word. Ten einde die persepsie met betrekking tot - die toepaslikheid en gereedheid van produsente in dié verband te evalueer, is 'n loodsvraelys na 40 respondente, wat die kommersiële aartappelprodusente regdeur Suid Afrika verteenwoordig, gestuur. Respondente is ge-evalueer met betrekking tot hul persepsie rakende die gebruik van informasie tegnologie in die dissiplines van finansiële bestuur, besproeiingskedulering, nutriëntskedulering en klimatologiese modellering vir die beheer van laatroes. Respondente was oor die algemeen positief met betrekking tot die nut van informasie tegnologie en dat onder seker voorwaardes, hulle dit sal gebruik. Marges in kommersiële aartappelverbouing is onder ernstige druk en is inderdaad besig om te krimp. Gevallestudies wat in hierdie ondersoek voorgehou is, asook resultate verkry uit die vraelys, dui aan dat informasie tegnologie nie alleen belangrik is vir die vermindering van risiko in aartappelverbouing me, maar ook noodsaaklik IS vir volhoubare en winsgewende aartappelproduksie. Dit kan gevolglik gestel word dat resultate verkry uit die loodsvraelys, daarop mag dui dat 'n statisties verifieerbare steekproef moontlik kan uitwys dat betroubare, bekostigbare en praktiese informasie tegnologie, soos voorgehou in hierdie ondersoek, wel 'n bestaansreg in die moderne verbouing van aartappels onder besproeiing het.
Hayman, P. T. "Dancing in the rain : farmers and agricultural scientists in a variable climate /." View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030506.144613/index.html.
Повний текст джерелаA thesis submitted to the Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Western Sydney, in fulfilment of the rquirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2001. Bibliography : p. 252-276.
Maritz, Gerrit. "Assessing risk in the Paarl/Berg River region by means of various portfolio diversification models." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52703.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (MAgricAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The need to take account of risk in agriculture must be part of every decision taken in agriculture. Yet risk is nothing to be too afraid of Risk is a choice rather than a fate. The actions we dare to take, which depend on how free we are to make choices, are what the theory of risk is all about. The task is rather to manage risk effectively, within the capacity of the farmer, business or group in order to withstand adverse outcomes. Some methods of managing risks are feasible for all types of farms. Others are only feasible for certain sizes and types of farms. Therefore, farmers in general need a systematic technique that will enable them to choose an efficient investment strategy from among all feasible strategies. Specifically, given n risky assets (such as the different enterprises in the PaarlIBerg River region), it is essential to seek a diversification strategy which yields a portfolio lying on the efficient frontier. The research question was whether different diversification models (Markowitz diversification model, Single Index Model and the Capital Asset Pricing Model) that are normally applied in capital markets for the construction of optimal diversified portfolios consisting out of different shares, are also applicable on risky portfolios in agriculture comprising different enterprises in the PaarlIBerg River region. The efficient frontier can be seen as the graphical representation of a set of portfolios that maximize expected return for each level of portfolio risk. The Microsoft Excel portfolio optimiser (SOLVER) programme was used to illustrate the investment proportions, expected returns, and standard deviations of the portfolios ofthe efficient frontier. The Single Index Model (SIM) can be used as an alternative to Markowitz diversification model. It drastically reduces the number of parameters needed to be estimated and yields the efficient set relatively easily without the technical difficulties characterising the fullrank solution. However, if the SIM assumptions are in contradiction to the actual data, the simplification of the calculations is achieved at the cost of getting imprecise results. The simplicity of SIM calculations was attained at a cost of constructing a sub-optimal portfolio, which does not lie on the corresponding efficient frontier. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) reveals that there is a great deal of systematic risk in relation to the portfolio enclosed in this study. By using the CAPM it is possible to determine which part of the risk the producer can control (non-systematic risk) and which part the producer has no control over (systematic risk). The proportions of systematic risk that can be diversified away are small, relative to the total risk of the Farm Sector Portfolio. The success of these models depends on the efficiency of the market, as weU as a large, up-to-date and reliable data source. Many younger cultivars could not be included in this study, due to the limited availability of data. In the next few years as data become available, it will be possible to construct efficient frontiers out of a wider range of enterprises. Different enterprises and cultivars will increase the number of alternative uses for natural resources in the PaarlIBerg River region through diversification. This will result in more choices for the farmer, and more flexibility in the decision-making process. Without reliable data, the result will be "garbage in, garbage out."
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In elke besluit wat geneem word in landbou moet risiko as 'n faktor in ag geneem word. Tog is risiko nie iets om te vrees nie. Dit is eerder keuse as noodlot. Die stappe wat ons waag om te neem, wat afhang van hoe vry ons is om keuses te maak, is waaroor die teorie van risiko gaan. Die doel van die tesis is om risiko effektief te bestuur binne die vermoëns van die boer om sodoende negatiewe resultate die hoof te bied Sommige metodes van risikobestuur is lewensvatbaar vir alle soorte plase. Ander is slegs lewensvatbaar vir sekere groottes en tipes plase. Daarom benodig boere in die algemeen 'n tegniek wat dit vir hulle moontlik maak om 'n effektiewe beleggingstrategie te kies uit die verskillende uitvoerbare strategiee. Gegewe n as riskante aktiwiteite (soos die verskillende gewasse in die PaarllBergrivierstreek) is dit noodsaaklik om 'n diversifiseringstrategie te vind wat 'n portefeulje sal lewer wat raak aan die effektiewe grens. Die navorsingsvraag was of verskillende diversifiseringsmodelle (Markowitz diversifiseringsmodel (MVC), "Single Index Model" (SIM) en die "Capital Asset Pricing Model" (CAPM)) wat gewoonlik toegepas word in kapitaalmarkte vir die samestelling van optimale gediversifiseerde portefeuljes bestaande uit verskillende aandele, ook van toepassing sal wees op riskante portefeuljes in die landbou in die PaarlJBergrivierstreek, wat verskillende gewasse insluit. Die effektiewe grens kan gesien word as die grafiese voorstelling van 'n stel portefeuljes wat die verwagte winste vir elke vlak van portefeuljerisiko vermeerder. Die Microsoft Excel portefeulje optimeringsprogram (SOLVER) word gebruik om die beleggingsverhoudings, verwagte winste en standaardafwykings van die portefeuljes aan die effektiewe grens te illustreer. Die "Single Index Model" (SIM) kan gebruik word as 'n alternatief vir die Markowitz diversi:tikasiemodel. Dit verminder drasties die getal parameters en lewer maklik die effektiewe reeks, sonder die tegniese probleme wat ondervind word met die oplossing by die Markowitz model. Nietemin, indien die SIM die werklike data weerspreek sal die vereenvoudiging van die berekenings bereik word ten koste van onakurate resultate. Die eenvoud van die SIM is verkry ten koste van die samestelling van 'n suboptimale portfeulje, wat nie aan die ooreenstemmende effektiewe grens lê nie. Die "Capital Asset Pricing Model" (CAPM) wys dat daar baie sistematiese risiko gekoppel is aan die portfeulje ingesluit in hierdie studie. Deur gebruik temaak van die CAPM is dit moontlik om vas te stel watter deel van die risiko (nie-sistematies) die produsent kan beheer en watter deel die produsent nie kan beheer nie (sistematiese risiko). Die verhouding van sistematiese risiko wat weggediversifiseer kan word is klein in verhouding tot die algehele risiko van die boerderysektor portefeulje. Die sukses hang afvan die doeltreffendheid van die mark, sowel as 'n groot tot-op-datum en betroubare bron van data. Baie van die jonger aangeplante kultivars kan nie ingesluit word in hierdie studie nie as gevolg van beperkte data In die volgende paar jaar, soos data beskikbaar word, sal dit moontlik wees om effektiewe grense van 'n wye reeks gewasse saam te stel. Verskillende gewasse en kultivars sal die hoeveelheid alternatiewe gebruike van natuurlike hulpbronne in die PaarllBergrivierstreek vermeerder deur diversifikasie. Dit sal lei tot meer keuses vir die boer en meer buigsaamheid in die besluitnemingsproses. Sonder betroubare data kan betroubate resultate nie verkry word me.
Saffert, Andrew Thomas. "An economic analysis of adjusted gross Revenue-Lite insurance on farm income variability for southeast Kansas farms." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/308.
Повний текст джерелаO'Brien, Patricia Ann, and patricia o'brien@rmit edu au. "COncepts and costs for the maintenance of productive capacity: a study of the measurement and reporting of soil quality." RMIT University. Accounting and Law, 1999. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20040930.170346.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Farm risks"
Amano, Tetsurō. Nōgyō keiei no risuku manejimento: Hatasaku roji yasaisaku keiei o taishō to shite. Tsukuba-shi: Nōrin Suisanshō Nōgyō Kenkyū Sentā, 1999.
Знайти повний текст джерелаTauer, Loren W. Risk preference and long-run performance of the dairy farm. Ithaca, NY: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1986.
Знайти повний текст джерелаNayak, Jayanti Mala. Risk sources and management strategies of farmers: Evidence from Mahanadi River Basin of Odisha In India. Bengaluru: Institute for Social and Economic Change, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаMark, Jickling, and Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service., eds. Managing farm risk in a new policy era. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1999.
Знайти повний текст джерелаBates, Stephen R. B.E.A.R.: Budgeting enterprises and analyzing risk : an extension report on the development and application of the B.E.A.R. as a farm management aid. Guelph, Ont: Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Business, University of Guelph, 1987.
Знайти повний текст джерелаM, MacDonald James. The transformation of U.S. livestock agriculture: Scale, efficiency, and risks. Washington, DC: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2009.
Знайти повний текст джерелаM, MacDonald James. The transformation of U.S. livestock agriculture: Scale, efficiency, and risks. Washington, DC: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2009.
Знайти повний текст джерелаBaquet, Alan E. Introduction to risk management: Understanding agricultural risks : production, marketing, financial, legal, human resources. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Risk Management Agency, 1997.
Знайти повний текст джерелаBaquet, Alan E. Introduccion al manejo de riesgos: Cómo entender los riesgos agrícolas para : producción, mercadotecnia, financas, aspectos legales, recursos humanos. [Washington, D.C.?]: Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos, Agencia de Manejo de Riesgos, 1999.
Знайти повний текст джерелаRola, Agnes C. Pesticides, health risks and farm productivity: A Philippine experience. [Los Baños]: UP Los Baños Agricultural Policy Research Program, 1987.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Farm risks"
Ogurtsov, V. A., M. A. P. M. van Asseldonk, and R. B. M. Huirne. "Modelling of Catastrophic Farm Risks Using Sparse Data." In Handbook of Operations Research in Agriculture and the Agri-Food Industry, 259–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2483-7_12.
Повний текст джерелаWall, Gretchen L., and Elizabeth A. Bihn. "Recommendations to Regulations: Managing Wildlife and Produce Safety on the Farm." In Food Safety Risks from Wildlife, 217–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24442-6_10.
Повний текст джерелаAtampugre, Gerald, Melissa Nursey-Bray, Md Masud-All-Kamal, and Benjamin Kofi Nyarko. "Assessing Farm-Households’ Vulnerability to Climate Change Risks in Semi-arid Ghana." In Climate Change Management, 527–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77259-8_27.
Повний текст джерелаKasthuri, R., S. Rajeswari, P. Kumarasamy, R. Thamilmani, and K. Sivasubramanian. "Performance of the Agricultural Sector in India Through Farm Credit Accessibility: A Statistical Analysis." In AI and Business, and Innovation Research: Understanding the Potential and Risks of AI for Modern Enterprises, 797–805. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42085-6_69.
Повний текст джерелаLeppälä, Jarkko, Esa Manninen, and Tuula Pohjola. "Farm Risk Management Applied to Sustainability of the Food Supply Chain: A Case Study of Sustainability Risks in Dairy Farming." In Environmental Management Accounting and Supply Chain Management, 111–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1390-1_5.
Повний текст джерелаWoodforde, John. "Blazing Barns and Ricks." In Farm Buildings, 29–35. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003416050-6.
Повний текст джерелаMubarok, Muhammad Husni, Maria Maria, Indra Satriawan, and Eka Jumarni Fithri. "SWOT Analysis as a Basis for Identifying Risks to the Going Concern of the “Waring Jaya” Palembang Catfish Farm." In Proceedings of 6th FIRST T3 2022 International Conference (FIRST-T3 2022), 85–93. Paris: Atlantis Press SARL, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-026-8_11.
Повний текст джерелаFeil, Jan-Henning, Reimund P. Rötter, Sara Yazdan Bakhsh, William C. D. Nelson, Bernhard Dalheimer, Quang Dung Lam, Nicole Costa Resende Ferreira, et al. "Potential of Improved Technologies to Enhance Land Management Practices of Small-Scale Farmers in Limpopo Province, South Africa." In Sustainability of Southern African Ecosystems under Global Change, 653–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10948-5_23.
Повний текст джерелаMensah, Eric Opoku, Philippe Vaast, Richard Asare, Christiana A. Amoatey, Kwadwo Owusu, Bismark Kwesi Asitoakor, and Anders Ræbild. "Cocoa Under Heat and Drought Stress." In Agroforestry as Climate Change Adaptation, 35–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45635-0_2.
Повний текст джерелаOlson, Kent, and John Westra. "Risk Management." In The Economics of Farm Management, 448–84. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003280712-22.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Farm risks"
Aguado, M. "Risks assessment for lightnings strokes in wind farm installation." In 11th International Symposium on High-Voltage Engineering (ISH 99). IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19990666.
Повний текст джерелаLoretts, Ekaterina, Svetlana Golovina, and Lidiya Smirnova. "Functioning field of farm enterprises in Russia: uncertainty and risks." In Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Digital agriculture - development strategy” (ISPC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ispc-19.2019.106.
Повний текст джерелаBradford, Scott. "BENEFITS AND RISKS OF VARIOUS ON-FARM MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE APPROACHES." In GSA Connects 2023 Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023am-395306.
Повний текст джерелаJELOČNIK, Marko, Lana NASTIĆ, and Jonel SUBIĆ. "PROCESSING OF PORK MEAT IN THE FUNCTION OF VALUE-ADDED CREATION AT THE FAMILY FARMS." In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2020/9/10.
Повний текст джерелаYahya, O. "Aeroponic tower garden solar powered vertical farm." In Advanced Topics in Mechanics of Materials, Structures and Construction. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902592-30.
Повний текст джерелаKim, E., and L. Manuel. "A Framework for Hurricane Risk Assessment of Offshore Wind Farms." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84147.
Повний текст джерелаVeljković, Biljana, Milica Kostić, Simeon Rakonjac, Ranko Koprivica, Marija Gavrilović, and Milun Petrović. "ECONOMIC RESULTS OF BROILERS PRODUCTION ON THE FAMILY FARM." In 1st International Symposium on Biotechnology. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt28.213v.
Повний текст джерелаMargarida Cachada, Ana, Hasmik Badikyan, Camilo Anzola-Rojas, Javier Parra, Fernando de la Prieta, and Paulo Leitão. "BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPLEMENT TRACEABILITY IN THE FARM TO FORK CHAINS." In Proceedings of the III Workshop on Disruptive Information and Communication Technologies for Innovation and Digital Transformation: 18th December 2020 Online. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/0aq03112742.
Повний текст джерелаStade, Ekkehard. "The Experiences From the First Rounds of Offshore Wind Farm Installation in the German EEZ (Both Baltic and North Sea) and Lessons Learnt to Achieve Serial Production Status: A Consultant’s Perspective." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24682.
Повний текст джерелаFernández, Carrasco Pedro, Carrasco Pedro Fernández, Nawel Khelil, Nawel Khelil, Rachid Bninha, and Rachid Bninha. "COASTAL ESSAOUIRA DEVELOPMENT FAIR TRADE PROJECT. MOROCCO." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93720ce3b6.46377074.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Farm risks"
Schattman, Rachel, Vern Grubinger, Lisa McKaeg, and Katie Nelson. Whole Farm Water Use: A Survey of Vegetable Producers in New England States | 2018. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6938606.ch.
Повний текст джерелаTurner, Dylan. Federal programs for agricultural risk management. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8321812.ers.
Повний текст джерелаSchattman, Rachel. How Do Farmers Think about Climate Risk? A Study of On-Farm Decision Making in an Era of Climate Change. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6956535.ch.
Повний текст джерелаAmoah, P., B. Keraita, M. Akple, P. Drechsel, R. C. Abaidoo, and F. Konradsen. Low-cost options for reducing consumer health risks from farm to fork where crops are irrigated with polluted water in West Africa. International Water Management Institute, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2011.201.
Повний текст джерелаDavid, Orden, and Zulauf Carl. US Farm Policy and Risk Assistance. ICTSD International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ag_ip_20120912.
Повний текст джерелаKislev, Yoav, Ramon Lopez, and Ayal Kimhi. Intergenerational Transfers by Farmers under Different Institutional Environments. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604936.bard.
Повний текст джерелаvan Asseldonk, M. A. P. M., and R. W. van der Meer. Coping with price risks on Dutch farms. Wageningen: LEI Wageningen UR, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/382697.
Повний текст джерелаMANN, F. M., A. J. KNEPP, and J. BADDEN. Performance Objective for Tank Farm Closure Risk Assessments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810632.
Повний текст джерелаDOUGLAS, D. G., P. C. OHL, and E. CRUZ. Performance Objective for Tank Farm Closure Risk Assessments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810633.
Повний текст джерелаPowers, T. B., and S. D. Morales. SY Tank Farm ventilation isolation option risk assessment report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10148708.
Повний текст джерела