Готові списки джерел за темами / EXPORTS LTD

Зміст

Статті в журналах
Дисертації
Книги
Частини книг
Тези доповідей конференцій
Звіти організацій

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "EXPORTS LTD"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "EXPORTS LTD".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Статті в журналах з теми "EXPORTS LTD"

Barren, JJ. "HINDE LIVESTOCK EXPORTS LTD v PANDORO LTD A GERNON AND OTHERS v PANDORO LTD." European Law Reports 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/elr.v2n1.116.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ali Ahosan Habib, Md. "THE OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS OF BICYCLE EXPORT FROM BANGLADESH: A STUDY ON M & U CYCLES LTD, MEGHNA GROUP." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 42–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11977.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The cycle industry, M & U Cycles Ltd is a sister concern of Meghna group was established in 1982 in Gazipur, Dhaka. At Present 600 nos. or above worker works in this M & U Cycles industry. In The Last year from this M & U Cycles industry total 1, 30,000 Pcs bicycle assembled/produced and exported to different countries.The Product of Bicycle which exports from Bangladesh has great opportunities to earn foreign exchanges i.e. foreign currency can be used to develop this country. Now a Days, as per we know the total annual turnover of M & U Cycles Ltd only from export 30 million USD per year .Thats why this is great opportunities by exporting bicycle from Bangladesh.While my study for preparing this internship report it seems to me that particular sector (Bicycles) is very much facing the financial problem. The loan interest rate is too high for the sector to accomplish export processing, and also that sector is very much depended on import of raw materials. It seems to me that M & U Cycles Ltd, is always try to get their sustainable growth in the competitive market. In very recent time the government of Bangladesh has taken some significant decision to face the situation of economic recession. The governments takes a package of Tk 25000-30000 crore in order to priorities protection of the export oriented industries, agricultural growth, employment generation and social security to offset the negative effects of the global economic crisis. They also recommended creation of an export stabilization fund, retention and skill development for returning migrant workers, infrastructure development and simplification and streamliner of rules and procedures to help entrepreneur. According to IMF gradation, Bangladesh ranked as the 48th largest economy in the world in 2008. The economy has grown at the rate of 6.7%. The Bicycles industry sector must be played a very significant role there. In spite of economical recession of the world as well as in the country, M & U Cycles Ltd is one of the participators of earning foreign currency in Bangladesh. In the package are also measures like adoption of effective steps to provide necessary scope and facilities to workers and employees to perform social responsibility by management to fulfill compliance with standards set by the foreign buyers, reducing import dependence through ensuring supply of quality local raw materials in production of Bicycle exports.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Sharma, Anuj, A. K. Dey, and Prerna Karwa. "Buyer-seller relationship – challenge in export marketing for The Handicrafts and Handlooms Export Corporation (HHEC)." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 2, no. 1 (March 9, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621211214469.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Subject area International marketing/export marketing. Study level/applicability This case is appropriate for discussion in courses such as international marketing and export marketing of post graduate studies in management. The case can also be used for management development programmes concerning practising managers. Case overview The case is based on export marketing strategy with special focus on developing strong buyer (customer) relationships and the associated challenges of a trading company, The Handicrafts and Handlooms Exports Corporation of India Ltd (HHEC). The corporation primarily engages in export of handlooms and handicraft products from India. Since 2005-06 the corporation has been incurring losses and it was only in 2010-11 that the corporation has registered a positive net profit. Expected learning outcomes To understand the appropriate strategies for buyer retention; to understand appropriate promotion strategies of non-essential items like handicraft, handloom and carpets; and to help students in making decisions for export marketing like understanding product characteristic, development of samples, procurement of products, vendor management, and pricing decisions. Supplementary materials Teaching notes.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ushachev, I. G., V. V. Maslova, and A. V. Kolesnikov. "Increasing the Volume of Agro-Industrial Production to Ensure Food Security and Increase the Export Potential of the Russian Agricultural Sector." Economy of Region 18, no. 4 (2022): 1178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-15.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Currently, the Russian agricultural sector aims to simultaneously achieve two priority goals: to ensure import substitution (or the country’s food security, taking into account rational consumption standards) and to increase exports of agricultural products and food. In this regard, the present study develops proposals for improving agricultural policy and linking these two tasks. The study analysed existing normative legal documents in the field of agricultural policy management and agricultural exports development, relevant foreign experience, as well as Russian and international statistics. It was revealed that an increase in agricultural food production and in the mass of commodities led to export growth. As a result, the negative balance of foreign trade in food decreased, and Russia became a net exporter in 2020-2021. The structure of agri-food exports was examined in order to identify the export potential. Approximately 1/3 of exported goods belong to the group of low-processed products, while only 15 % are highly processed products, which are characterised by a significant negative balance. Competitiveness of products, which plays the most important role in increasing exports, requires the development and implementation of domestic advanced scientific and technological solutions. According to the competitiveness assessment, Russia is a competitive supplier of a wide range of agri-food products, since the prices offered by Russian farmers and exporters are lower or comparable to the prices of major global exporters. Since export growth depends on an increase in agricultural food production, production growth opportunities were considered. The analysis of the consumer purchasing power and food consumption demonstrated their significant differentiation, both by decile groups and by place of residence. The presented findings can be used to improve agricultural policy and adjust state support for the agricultural industry aimed at its effective development.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Zhuang, Lee, and Yi Qiu. "The beginning of the end of Chinese Surrogate Manufacture? Cool-Comfort Shoes International Company Limited and its Ace-of-Biz." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 5, no. 5 (October 7, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2014-0048.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Subject area Strategic management Study Level/applicability Undergraduate/postgraduate modules in strategic management. Case overview The case portrays a Chinese surrogate manufacturer – Cool-Comfort Shoes International Co. Ltd. (CCS) – which attempted to build its own brand, Ace-of-Biz (AoB). The surrogate manufacturing business had accumulated the funds needed to develop its AoB brand for sale in the domestic market. The 2007 world financial crisis and subsequent world recession caused exports and, thus, surrogate manufacturing to plummet. CCS was hoping that their loss in export of surrogate products would be more than compensated for by the gain in the domestic sales of AoB. However, despite 10 years of commitment, AoB's sales still had not grown sufficiently to counter the slowdown in exports, and the leaders at CCS were wondering what the future would hold for the company and its AoB brand. Expected Learning Outcomes This case study provides students with an ideal context to develop an appreciation of how changes in the domestic and international business environment affect the corporate and business strategies of a small- to medium-sized enterprise and the differences between corporate and business strategies, and to demonstrate their ability to apply a number of strategic management tools and techniques for the critical appraisal of a strategic situation and justify their recommended course of action. Supplementary Materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Sumant Kolhe, Varad. "PASL V. GE: Indian Parties’ Fillip to Foreign-seated Arbitrations, but at What Cost?" Asian International Arbitration Journal 17, Issue 2 (October 1, 2021): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aiaj2021010.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Can two Indian parties elect a foreign seat of arbitration? This question has been the epicentre of a long-standing divergence in judicial opinions across Indian courts. However, this divergence was put to rest by the Supreme Court of India in PASL Wind Solutions (P) Ltd. v. GE Power Conversion (India) (P) Ltd. (decision of 20 April 2021), ruling in favour of Indian-parties’ autonomy to elect a foreign-seat of arbitration. Recognizing party autonomy as the “brooding spirit” of arbitration, the Supreme Court overruled two judgments of the Bombay High Court (Seven Islands Shipping Ltd. v. Sah Petroleums Ltd and Addhar Mercantile Pvt. Ltd. v. Shree Jagdamba Agrico Exports Pvt. Ltd.) for not understanding the law (on foreign seated arbitrations between Indian parties) in its correct perspective. Further, it clarified that the term ‘international commercial arbitration’ (in the proviso to section 2(2) of Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996) was ‘party-centric’, in the context of section 2(1)(f) of the Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. On the other hand, the same term, when seen in the context of section 44 of the Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, was qualified as ‘place-centric’. This note considers the ramifications of the Supreme Court’s approach in reaching these conclusions, identifying and addressing significant gaps and ambiguities that arise therefrom. Indian Parties, International Commercial Arbitration, Party Autonomy, Foreign Seat of Arbitration (International Chamber of Commerce), Place of Arbitration, Venue of Arbitration, Foreign Substantive Law, Foreign Awards, Enforceability of Foreign Awards, Public Policy, Overruling

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Karbovska, L. O., and G. A. Bratus. "Features of statistical methods for forecasting the economic performance of an enterprise." Economies' Horizons, no. 4(11) (November 29, 2019): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2616-5236.4(11).2019.228702.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The aim of the study. The purpose of the article is to improve the methodological provisions for the development of medium-term forecast of exports of raw materials for the manufacture of glue and finished products based on the trend of exports of domestic enterprises, which will help solve problems of adapting statistical analysis methods to real economic activities. Methodology. In the study of the state and trends of foreign trade of Ukraine in raw materials for the manufacture of glue and finished products with all countries used tabular-graphical method and systematic analysis; when developing a medium-term forecast - the method of extrapolation. Results. The application of statistical methods allowed to identify patterns and trends in foreign economic activity (FEA), and to determine the optimal directions for entry into the foreign market Bristol Eco Group Ltd. technological renewal of production, expanding relationships with customers and suppliers, finding new customers, increasing traditional products , and active renewal of their range, expansion of markets through penetration into the markets of the Republic of Moldova, Belarus, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan. The following directions of development of Bristol Eco Group LLC were identified: according to the optimistic scenario: formation of the strategy of market expansion - penetration into the markets of the Republic of Moldova and Belarus; optimization of the product "portfolio" of the enterprise; development of an effective competitive strategy (diversification); sales promotion (promotion of goods based on the ratio of "price / quality"); according to the pessimistic scenario: either complete reorganization and reorganization of the enterprise, or its sale to the main competitor. Prospects for further research. It is determined that for the effective functioning of the company LLC "Bristol Eco Group", it is advisable to create a department of foreign economic activity, which will contribute to the deepening of trade relations with foreign partners and will provide an opportunity to improve its export potential.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Jain, Saarthak, and Kashish Makkar. "The dilution of interim anti-arbitration injunctions in Devi Resources: pro-enforcement approach gone too far?" Arbitration International 36, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arbint/aiaa012.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract Keeping in line with India’s ‘pro-arbitration’ approach, the Calcutta High Court in Devi Resources Ltd v Ambo Exports Ltd recently refused an application seeking to restrain the enforcement of an arbitral award on the ground that the award was passed in violation of an interim anti-arbitration injunction. The Court based its reasoning on the fact that the injunction was ultimately vacated at a later stage (after the award had already been passed), and once such interim injunction has been set aside, it would imply that the injunction had never been passed. On the face of it, this decision seems to be an illustration of Indian courts’ awareness of the importance of minimal intervention in the scheme of promoting international commercial arbitrations. However, on a closer look, one finds that the court’s decision does more harm than good by legitimizing the violation of an anti-arbitration injunction without any consequences. The present article examines the ruling in Devi Resources. It also explores the policy implications of the Court’s decision on the efficacy of anti-arbitration injunctions.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Cao, Xuping, and Nancy Hanson-Rasmussen. "Dynamic Change in the Export Technology Structure of China’s Environmental Goods and Its International Comparison." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2018): 3508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103508.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Growing natural disaster intensity, ocean warming, air quality alerts, and a desire to emphasize sustainable practice has prompted countries to payincreased attention to the development of environmental industries. This has led to trade in environmental goods (EGs) and a need for export technology research. The purpose of this paper is to measure the evolution of the technological structure of China’s export EGs and its position in the international industrial value chain. Based on the 2012 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) EGs list and United Nations Comtrade (COMTRADE) data, this study uses the technical complexity index to empirically calculate the technology structure and level changes of China’s EGs exports from 2007 to 2016. The results are then compared with those of the Asia-Pacific region and the world’s major exporters of EGs. Additionally, this study proposes a method called “Equalization Technology Classification” that divides all EGs into five technical levels: high, medium-high, medium, medium-low, and low. The research finds that (1) China’s EGs exports are predominately of medium-low technical complexity, and while the proportion of exported goods with high technical complexity is very low, the export technology structure is constantly being optimized. (2) Compared with Singapore, the United States, and the European Union, the overall technical level of China’s exported EGs is lagging behind. (3) The overall technical level of exported EGs in major exporting countries is rapidly increasing but is especially impressive in South Korea and China, where growth ranks first and second in the world, respectively.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Orhan, Ayhan, Melek Emikönel, Murat Emikönel, and Rui Alexandre Castanho. "Reflections of the “Export-Led Growth” or “Growth-Led Exports” Hypothesis on the Turkish Economy in the 1999–2021 Period." Economies 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10110269.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Various factors determine and affect economic growth, one of which is exports. Trade theory also states that exports increase the growth of the domestic economy in various ways. For this reason, the effect of exports on economic growth is a long-term area of research. In addition to the studies examining the effect of foreign trade on economic growth in the literature, some studies investigate the effects of economic growth on export capacity. These studies suggest that the export-based economic growth hypothesis is valid when the causality relationship between exports and growth is from exports to growth, and the growth-led export hypothesis is valid when it is from growth to exports. To this end, the primary purpose of this study is to investigate the validity of the new economic model for Turkey in two different periods. In this context, this study comparatively focuses on the 1999:Q1–2013:Q4 and 2014:Q1–2021:Q4 periods to test the validity of the export-led growth hypothesis and the growth-led export hypothesis. According to the analysis results for the 1999:Q1–2013:Q4 periods, only the growth-led export hypothesis is valid, and a 1% increase in the economic growth rate in this period increases exports by 0.42%. Considering the 2014:Q1–2021:Q4 period, the hypotheses of “Economic growth is not the cause of exports and exports are not the cause of economic growth” are rejected, and according to these test results, it was determined that both the export-led growth hypothesis and the growth-led export hypothesis are valid. In the results of this period, a 1% increase in economic growth rate increases exports by 0.38%, and a 1% increase in exports increases economic growth by 1.36%.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "EXPORTS LTD"

Nyasulu, Themba. "Assessing the impact of exports and imports on economic growth: a case study of Malawi from 1970 to 2010." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4475.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)
In line with neoclassical economic growth propositions that outward-orientation fosters economic growth, since independence from Britain in 1964 the Government of Malawi has placed international trade at the centre of its economic development agenda. In spite of this theoretical affirmation of the trade-growth relationship, some empirical studies that have been done both in the country and abroad show contrary results. This prompted this study to be undertaken with the aim of assessing the impact of exports and imports on economic growth in Malawi from 1970 to 2010.This study has used a neoclassic economic growth model containing gross domestic product, exports, imports, capital and labour force as variables of analysis. After collecting annual time series data on the variables for the period 1970 to 2010 from the World Bank online statistical data base, Ordinary Least Squares regression and several econometric tests were run on the model to ensure robust and accurate results. Statistical accuracy of the findings was further cemented by use of the 5 percent level of significance. Exports were found to have a positive and statistically significant effect on the country’s economic growth, while imports had a negative and insignificant influence. Similarly, capital and labour force showed a positive effect on economic growth even though the capital’s effect was statistically insignificant. Nevertheless, the study also strongly confirmed the presence of a long-run equilibrium among the variables. The above results strongly suggest that Malawi should continue with its export-led economic growth strategies such as the Economic Recovery Plan (ERP) and the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MDGS). However, if the two economic development plans are to bear fruit this study strongly urges Malawi to consider diversifying its economy away from primary export production and instead embark on value-addition. Furthermore, the country should not only reduce the importation of consumer goods in favour of capital goods, but also improve the quality of the labour force and capital formation, if Malawi is to realise its economic development and poverty alleviation aspirations.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Machado, Keli Prezzotto. "Impacto das exportações no crescimento econômico: análise do caso brasileiro." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3224.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Submitted by Fabielle Cheuczuk (fabielle.cheuczuk@unioeste.br) on 2017-11-30T12:47:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Keli_Prezzotto_Machado 2017.pdf: 909609 bytes, checksum: a65f2ab12d77f2ed7e3947dedc7f9caf (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-30T12:47:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Keli_Prezzotto_Machado 2017.pdf: 909609 bytes, checksum: a65f2ab12d77f2ed7e3947dedc7f9caf (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-23
The causes of economic growth, as well as the need for international trade between countries, have long been discussed. The factors that aid growth have changed according to each economic school. Economic growth is considered to be measured through GDP, so some jobs use exports as a possible source of consistent growth in the long run. In this sense, it was proposed to verify the role played by exports in terms of the acceleration of Brazilian economic growth? In order to answer this question, this study aims to analyze whether exports are preponderant to the economic growth of Brazil in the period from 1975 to 2017. For this purpose, we will use the Export-led-growth (ELG) hypothesis, which Exports boosts economic growth. Using time series data of the GDP and exports variables, the adopted econometric procedures were the unit root test to test the stationarity, Johansen cointegration test to verify the existence of cointegration between the variables, and the Granger causality test to verify The causality. The main results suggest the absence of cointegration and the bias of the variables for the analysis period.
As causas do crescimento econômico, bem como a necessidade do comércio internacional entre os países, vem há muito tempo sendo discutidas. Os fatores que auxiliam no crescimento foram mudando de acordo com cada escola econômica. Considera-se que o crescimento econômico é mensurado através do PIB, da mesma forma, alguns trabalhos utilizam-se das exportações como sendo uma possível fonte de crescimento consistente no longo prazo. Nesse sentido, qual o papel desempenhado pelas exportações no que tange a aceleração do crescimento econômico brasileiro? Para responder este questionamento, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar se as exportações são preponderantes para o crescimento econômico do Brasil no período de 1975 a 2017. Para tanto, utilizou-se da hipótese Export-led-growth (ELG), a qual verifica que as exportações impulsionam o crescimento econômico. Utilizandose dos dados de séries temporais das variáveis PIB e exportações, os procedimentos econométricos adotados foram o teste de raiz unitária para testar a estacionariedade, teste de cointegração de Johansen para verificar a existência de cointegração entre as variáveis, e o teste de causalidade de Granger para verificar a causalidade. Os principais resultados sugerem a ausência de cointegração e a bicausalidade no sentido de Granger entre as variáveis para o período de análise.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Mafusire, Albert. "Foreign capital inflows and the export-led growth /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16535.pdf.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Schmidt, Florian. "Export-led growth? : The case of Brazil." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49258.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

With an ever-increasing globalising world, trade is of most importance for developing countries to not fall behind and be outcompeted. Export-led growth theory states that one of the key determinants for economic growth is exports. This thesis aims to analyse the causal effects of exports on economic growth in the case of Brazil. Annual data from the World Bank’s database for the years 1990-2018 has been used. The variables included are GDP, exports, gross capital formation, FDI and labour force. This study puts the export-led growth theory in a Vector Error Correction – Granger Causality framework. As opposed to previous scholars’ findings, neither export-led growth nor growth-led export could be determined for Brazil.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Subasat, Turan. "Export-led development : a theoretical and empirical investigation." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313349.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Hosein, Roger. "Export led growth : the Trinidad and Tobago experience." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621618.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Medina-Smith, Emilio J. "Four essays on economic growth in Venezuela, 1950-99." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271767.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Sentsho, Joel. "Export promotion in a small mineral based economy : the case of Botswana." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248534.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Brincat, Mario Raymond. "Export-led industrialisation and development in Malta, 1955-2000." Thesis, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536784.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Yaputra, Mounty A. "Industry report for P.T. Eztu Adimore Ltd. to export art-crafted glass to the United States." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000yaputram.pdf.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Більше джерел

Книги з теми "EXPORTS LTD"

National Conference on Language-Export Centres (1st 1987 Birmingham). Languages and exports: Proceedings of the first national conferenece on Language-Export Centres, organised by IC [Language and Communication Services]Ltd and held in Birmingham on 22 June 1987. London: Department of Education and Science, 1987.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Edmond, Jabès, and Orange Export, eds. Orange Export Ltd., 1969-1986. [Paris]: Flammarion, 1986.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

A further examination of the export-led growth hypothesis. Göttingen: Ibero-Amerika Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, 2010.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Nataraj, Geethanjali. Export led growth in India: What do the VARs reveal? Bangalore: Institute for Social and Economic Change, 2001.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Woldekidan, Berhanu. Export-led growth in Mauritius. [Canberra]: National Centre for Development Studies, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1994.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ram, Yenteshwar. An empirical examination of the export-led growth hypothesis in Fiji. Suva: Reserve Bank of Fiji, 2003.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Sadrel, Reza, and Geeta Thuraisingam, eds. Export-led growth strategy for South Asia: Prospects and challenges. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Asian and Pacific Development Centre, 1998.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Harris, Donald J. Jamaica's export economy: Towards a strategy of export-led growth. Kingston W.I: Ian Randle Publishers in association with Jamaica Exporters' Association, 1997.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ehrke, Michael, and Michael Ehrke. Export-led growth: Central European experiences -- magic formula for the Western Balkans? Belgrade: Friedrich Ebert Foundation, 2011.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Felipe, Jesus. Is export-led growth passe?: Implications for developing Asia. Manila: Asian Development Bank, 2003.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Більше джерел

Частини книг з теми "EXPORTS LTD"

Fan, Junkai, Chaolin Zhang, Peng Guo, and Shu Zhang. "Ta Ta Exports Ltd v Zhejiang Native Produce & Animal By-Products I/E Group Co Ltd." In Selected Chinese Cases on the CISG, 149–55. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8903-2_18.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Zhang, Chaolin, Junkai Fan, Peng Guo, and Shu Zhang. "Naik Marine Exports v Zhejiang Native Produce & Animal By-Products I/E Group Co Ltd." In Selected Chinese Cases on the CISG, 163–69. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8903-2_20.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Thirlwall, A. P., and Heather D. Gibson. "Export-led Growth." In Balance-of-Payments Theory and the United Kingdom Experience, 337–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21806-6_13.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Thirlwall, A. P. "Export-led Growth." In Balance-of-Payments Theory and the United Kingdom Experience, 261–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18390-6_11.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Archetti, Eduardo P., Paul Cammack, and Bryan Roberts. "Export-led Production." In Latin America, 73–78. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18629-7_5.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Suphachalasai, Suphat. "Export-Led Industrialization." In Thailand’s Industrialization and its Consequences, 66–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23909-2_4.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Cypher, James M., and Mateo Crossa. "Export-Led Accumulation." In The Political Economy of Transnational Power and Production, 128–69. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003307266-5.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Shang, Yan. "Promopen Australia Pty Ltd v Fuyang Import and Export Co Ltd." In Selected Chinese Cases on the CISG, 77–80. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8903-2_8.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Thorp, Rosemary. "Peruvian Export-led Underdevelopment." In Economic Management and Economic Development in Peru and Colombia, 23–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21468-6_2.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Vanhove, Norbert. "Tourism export-led growth." In The Economics of Tourism Destinations, 315–44. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003258186-11.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "EXPORTS LTD"

Bal, Harun, Shahanara Basher, Abdulla Hil Mamun, and Emrah Akça. "Export-led Growth Hypothesis in MINT Countries: A Panel Cointegration Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.01989.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The contribution of exports to GDP in MINT countries that improve substantially just after their implantation of export promotion strategy in the late 1980s raises the issue of whether the growth in these countries is led by export or not. While a good number of studies have been found investigating whether economic growth is promoted by exports for developing countries having an outstanding share of export in GDP, no study investigating the export-led growth hypothesis for MINT countries has been found until recent times. The main purpose of this study is to fill up the void. The study employs panel cointegration technique with an aim to examine whether the export is the key factor of economic growth for MINT countries employing yearly secondary data that covers the period. Results of the study imply that economic growth of these countries is considerably exports driven. Moreover, there is an indication of improvement of efficiency as exports work along with the rise capital formation. As the employment opportunity of an economy is expanded through capital formation, the emerging MINT countries endowed with large population and favorable demographics are expected to become the major exporters with strong GDP growth by being able to attract adequate foreign investment.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Maulidiana, Lina, and Rendy Renaldy. "Validity of Electronic Signature on Buying Agreements in State Legal Perspective (Study of Sale and Purchase Agreements Between Pt. Juang Abadi Alam and Australian Rural Exports Pty Ltd)." In International Conference on Law Reform (INCLAR 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200226.028.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Bal, Harun, and Emrah Akça. "An Empirical Examination on the Validity of Export-Led Growth: Evidence from Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.01991.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The failure of attaining the desired outcome following the import substitution industrialization in the period of 1963-1980 led Turkey to adopt export-oriented growth (EOG) model after the 1980s. In this context, the impacts of export performance on economic growth are important for assessing how successful these practices are. With this motivation, the study aims to provide new empirical evidence on the validity of the export-led growth hypothesis in Turkey. The study employees time series data of the period 1990M1-2016M12 to examine the causality relation between export and economic growth. The Bootstrap approach developed by Hacker and Hatemi (2006) was followed in order to determine this relationship in the study. A two-way causality relationship between export and output growth is evident in test results based on the bootstrap simulation technique. Findings indicate that export-oriented growth hypothesis is not valid in narrow sense, whereas the hypothesis is valid in broad sense for Turkey. The overall results obtained from the study indicate that exports policies can be used as a tool to speed up economic growth with existing practices. However, the two-way causality relationship indicates that the increase in output growth has boosted exports by increasing imports of inputs used in export products. In this respect, in order to accelerate economic growth through the export-oriented strategies, Turkey needs to increase its domestic input production and the share of global value chains of local companies; in other words, it is necessary to focus on export of higher value added products.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Bal, Harun, Hakkı Çiftçi, Erhan İşcan, and Duygu Serin Oktay. "The Export-Led Growth: A Technological View." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01787.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The details of the impact of exports on economic growth have been one of the most important topics in the literature. Numerous studies asserted that open economies grow faster than the closed ones because of the effect of the exports on GDP and increase of productivity and efficiency through foreign competition. Concurrently, these studies indicated that there are strong correlation exists between exports and economic growth. On the other hand, high share of production of technology in today's economies is the key for sustainable and high rates of growth and the relationship between technology exports and economic growth has been a topic of interest among economists. Many studies in the literature published on export-led hypothesis in recent years but only few studies addressed the technological issues. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of technology exports on economic growth of selected OECD countries using dynamic panel method. We established the model by using the yearly data of 2003-2015 periods for selected OECD countries provided by OECD.Stat. As a conclusion, it is revealed that technology exports have positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth. These results implied that high-tech exports led to growth in selected OECD countries. These results suggested that promoting the production of technology is one the drivers of the economic growth.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Esaa, Ayat Abdelrahim Suliman, Harun Bal, and Erhan İşcan. "The Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: A Panel Cointegration Approach in the Middle East and North Africa Countries (1980-2017)." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02296.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This study examines the hypothesis of the Export-Led Growth in the seven selected Middle East and North Africa countries, the hypothesis state that export growth driven by export promotion policies enhances overall economic growth. Empirical investigations have tended to focus attention on the direction of causality between exports and economic growth using Granger causality tests. However, the empirical results based on these tests are, at best, mixed and often contradictory. The paper employs panel data analysis by utilizing the Pedroni panel cointegration, Pedroni Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and Fully Modify Ordinary Least Squares, and Canning-Pedroni causality methods, a recent development in panel data econometrics, properties of integration and cointegration and consistency of parameters. The study considers the following three variables; Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real exports (EXP) and Real import (IMP). Annual secondary data are obtained from the World Bank Development Indicator for seven MENA countries, Namely, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Qatar. The empirical results emphasize the existence of a positive relationship between Export and GDP. Results of waled and Z-bar Group statistics indicate the long-run unidirectional causality between Export and GDP, operates from Export to the GDP. It confirms the validity of Export-led growth hypothesis of the seven selected MENA countries. Empirical evidence suggests significant policy prescriptions; these countries should focus more on supporting export orientated industries through aid-for-trade, trade-capacity building schemes and other types of policies in order to promote economic growth.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Kitt, Stanley R., and Bruce D. Rose. "Foothills Decompression/Recompression Facilities Unique Power Recovery Application in Gas Pipelines." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-026.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Foothills Pipe Lines Ltd. is the Canadian sponsor of the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System (ANGTS), a pipeline project selected in Canada and the United States as the means for transporting Alaskan gas reserves to the lower 48 United States. Currently, certain Prebuild portions of the ANCTS are in operation delivering Canadian gas to U.S. markets. Recent system expansion of the Eastern Leg Prebuild to accommodate increased Canadian gas exports entailed the construction of Decompression/Recompression facilities at Empress, Alberta to enable high pressure operation of the Foothills pipeline while maintaining gas stripping at existing low pressure extraction plants. The general process of the Decompression/Recompression facilities involves the expansion of high pressure pipeline gas to conditions acceptable to the low pressure extraction plants, then the recompression of the residue gas for return to the pipeline at original pressure. By directing the inlet gas through turbo expanders coupled to brake compressors, a substantial portion of the expansion energy is captured and used in providing the first stage of gas recompression. Including supplemental conventional compression, the Decompression/Recompression facilities are capable of providing approximately 37 MW (50 000 HP) for continuous gas recompression. Although power recovery with turbo expanders is relatively common in the gas processing industry, such application for gas recompression in large gas pipelines is unique. This technical paper describes the Foothills Decompression/Recompression facilities with their utilization of turbo expanders for pipeline recompression service, emphasizing the process design as well as the characteristics of the rotating equipment.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Yılmaz, Remzi Can, Ferhat Orman, and Murat Süslü. "The Effect of Euro/Dollar Parity on the Export of Upper Middle Income Countries: A Panel Data Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02427.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In this study, the hypothesis that the changes in Euro / Dollar parity affects the export amounts of the economies in real terms, whether the changes in the currencies of the two economies, which constitute almost half of the world economy in total, have a significant effect on the foreign trade balance of other countries; if it is, it is aimed to verify by what extent and in what direction it is. Nineteen upper middle income countries with the largest export volume were selected as the sample of the study. The 2000 - 2017 interval was analyzed with multi - panel regression analysis. As a result, the Euro / Dollar parity was statistically significant and the changes in the said variable affected the exports of the sample countries in the same direction. In addition to the Euro / Dollar parity, the gross domestic product, domestic loan amount and domestic savings ratio were also statistically significant and they changed the exports simultaneously with the changes that occurred in them. This result is mainly attributable to the exports of the upper middle income countries; and that the increase in Euro / Dollar parity has led to an increase in profit margins by lowering imported input costs and making exports more attractive.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Cariou, Lénaïg. "Franck Venaille et Orange Export Ltd." In Franck Venaille, aujourd'hui. Fabula, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.58282/colloques.6496.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Chikhladze, Nikoloz, and Gocha Ugulava. "Georgia's Export Challenges in the Context of Increasing Global Security Risks." In V National Scientific Conference. Grigol Robakidze University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55896/978-9941-8-5764-5/2023-95-112.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Despite the general trend of liberalization of foreign trade of goods and services in most countries of the world, this process is characterized by different intensity in different countries and requires taking into account the features of national and regional models of economic development. However, the existing legal field of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in terms of export promotion significantly limits the possibility of using it in international trade for individual countries. Under such circumstances, countries are forced to look for new legal ways to support domestic exporters. In particular, the need for state support for export in many developing countries is due to the fact that in world practice, despite the requirements of the WTO, there are contradictions between economically developed countries (unions) and developing countries. Differences in the national economic interests of different countries in the field of foreign trade give rise to conflicts of interests, the intensity of which led to the necessity of institutionalization of opportunities for the harmonization of interests within the framework of the WTO. Despite the efforts of multilateral trading system institutions and regional trade associations, the list of protectionist barriers that prevent the free movement of goods, capital and people is growing. This is confirmed by the practice of using various taxes and quotas, technical restrictions on imports (introduction of safety norms or standards that differ from those established in the exporting countries), as well as establishing fiscal, legislative, and administrative barriers. The paper examines the main trends of Georgia's exports and highlights the main challenges in the conditions of increasing global security risks. Keywords: Export, Global Security, Foreign Trade.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Roland, Paul, Felaurys Vasquez-Quintero, Amelie Pouplin, Sadia Shaiek, and Riccardo Giolo. "A New Subsea Station for Deep Gas Treatment Allowing to Maximize Subsea Gas Fields Production." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32449-ms.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract The offshore oil & gas industry is presently interested in exploring and developing ultra-deep gas fields for which the water depth is higher than 1,500 m. Considering the water depth and the characteristics of these reservoirs, the exploitation of such fields represents a challenge. To unlock these reserves, it is necessary to tackle obstacles like lack of available pressure, risk of solid deposits (hydrate, wax), and liquid accumulations in low points of the exports line(s). To cope with these issues when the field architecture is not sufficiently flexible (for example, if the number of export lines is limited), one solution is to remove the liquids before production in gas line. SUBGAS has been developed as a potential solution to these challenges and can be implemented over a wide range of application cases. SUBGAS is a subsea station that performs gas/liquid high performance low temperature separation (LTS), allowing gas dewpointing to be performed in subsea conditions. This subsea processing station performs a liquids and condensable components removal from the production gas coming from wells. The treated gas leaving the station is exported alone in the export line(s) while the liquids and condensable components are exported to shore via a dedicated line. Due to the dewpointing operation, the pressure drops in the export gas line(s) are reduced, hydrate and/or wax formation risk is avoided or significantly reduced, and the operability of the line is improved as there is no or a very low amount of liquid. Based on numerical studies, a technical comparison with typical gas/liquid (G/L) separation, subsea compression, and other dew-pointing technologies is presented to highlight advantages of the proposed solution. Then, the SUBGAS station process and design is highlighted through a specific study case. An assessment of the Technology Readiness Level (TRL), according to API 17N, of the solution has been also done showing a high level of maturity allowing a rapid time to market. By performing a gas treatment to remove liquids and condensable components, SUBGAS subsea station proposes an innovative solution to improve gas fields production via long subsea tie backs. Due to its simple process, high robustness, high maturity level, and considering the possibility to be used for brownfield long tie-back development, SUBGAS can be one of the keys allowing to maximize gas fields productions in the coming years.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Звіти організацій з теми "EXPORTS LTD"

Cao, Shoufeng, Uwe Dulleck, Warwick Powell, Charles Turner-Morris, Valeri Natanelov, and Marcus Foth. BeefLedger blockchain-credentialed beef exports to China: Early consumer insights. Queensland University of Technology, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.200267.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The BeefLedger Export Smart Contracts project is a collaborative research study between BeefLedger Ltd and QUT co-funded by the Food Agility CRC. This project exists to deliver economic value to those involved in the production, export and consumption of Australian beef to China through: (1) reduced information asymmetry; (2) streamlined compliance processes, and; (3) developing and accessing new data-driven value drivers, through the deployment of decentralised ledger technologies and associated governance systems. This report presents early insights from a survey deployed to Chinese consumers in Nov/Dec 2019 exploring attitudes and preferences about blockchain-credentialed beef exports to China. Our results show that most local and foreign consumers were willing to pay more than the reference price for a BeefLedger branded Australian cut and packed Sirloin steak at the same weight. Although considered superior over Chinese processed Australian beef products, the Chinese market were sceptical that the beef they buy was really from Australia, expressing low trust in Australian label and traceability information. Despite lower trust, most survey respondents were willing to pay more for traceability supported Australian beef, potentially because including this information provided an additional sense of safety. Therefore, traceability information should be provided to consumers, as it can add a competitive advantage over products without traceability.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Cetinić, Ivona, and Inia Soto Ramos, eds. EXPORTS Measurements and Protocols for the NE Pacific Campaign. NASA STI Program and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27968.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) is a large-scale NASA-led and NSF co-funded field campaign that will provide critical information for quantifying the export and fate of upper ocean net primary production (NPP) using satellite information and state of the art technology.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Pool, Jennifer P., and Christian Volpe Martincus. Can Online Platforms Promote Women-Led Exporting Firms? Inter-American Development Bank, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005061.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

How can policymakers promote women-led exporting firms? In this paper, we study the role of online business platforms to reduce informational barriers to exporting for women entrepreneurs. We hypothesize that, if the costs associated with accessing digital platforms are more symmetric across gender than traditional trade costs, digital trade platforms can play an important role in making trade more gender equal. To assess this hypothesis, we combine information on firms' participation in ConnectAmericas , a free and purely informational online platform, and detailed firm level export data of a developing country over a long period. We find that participation in this platform is associated with a significantly larger increase in exports for women entrepreneurs than for men managed firms in otherwise identical products and destinations. Given existing evidence on the role of women managed businesses in reducing gender earnings inequality, these results suggest that policies which encourage women participation in online environments to reduce the informational barriers associated with operating in foreign markets have the capacity to promote gender equality more broadly.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Lawrence, Robert, and David Weinstein. Trade and Growth: Import-Led or Export-Led? Evidence From Japan and Korea. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7264.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Van Campenhout, Bjorn, Bart Minten, and Johan Swinnen. Domestic versus export-led agricultural transformation: Evidence from Uganda’s dairy value chain. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133502.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Irwin, Douglas. How Economic Ideas Led to Taiwan’s Shift to Export Promotion in the 1950s. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29298.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Hassan, Saeed, AbdulKhaliq Alshadid, Ravinder Saini, and Lujain Aldosari. Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Hybrid PVES Elastomeric Material in Comparison to its Parent Materials - A Systemic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0043.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Review question / Objective: Does the hybrid elastomeric impression materials have better elastic memory, tensile strength, hydrophilicity, and dimensional stability as compared to polyether and poly vinyl siloxane. Condition being studied: Dimensional Stability, Tear Strength, yield strength, wettability and other properties of impression materials. Information sources: Original studies from corresponding databases were exported using Harzing’s Publish or Perish (Tamra Software Research Ltd) Widows GUI v8.8 edition with MeSH keywords. Data was exported to MS Excel 2021 edition (Microsoft Corporation, Washington USA).

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ianchovichina, Elena. GTAP-DD: A Model for Analyzing Trade Reforms in the Presence of Duty Drawbacks. GTAP Technical Paper, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp21.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Duty drawback schemes, which typically involve a combination of duty rebates and exemptions, are a feature of many countries' trade regimes. They are used in highly protected, developing economies as means of providing exporters with imported inputs at world prices, and thus increasing their competitiveness, while maintaining the protection on the rest of the economy. In China duty exemptions have been central to the process of trade reform and have led to a tremendous increase in processed exports utilizing imported materials. Despite the widespread use and importance of duty drawbacks, these "new trade liberalization" instruments have been given relatively little attention in empirical multilateral trade liberalization studies. This paper presents an empirical multi-region trade model GTAP-DD, an extension of GTAP, in which the effects of policy reform are differentiated based on the trade-orientation of the firms. Both GTAP and GTAP-DD are used to analyze the impact of China's WTO accession, which involves liberalization in China from 1997 to post-accession tariffs among a number of other liberalization measures. The analysis shows that failure to account of duty exemptions in the case of China's recent WTO accession will overstate the increase in : (a) China's trade flows by 40 percent, (b) China's welfare by 15 percent, and (c) exports of selected sectors by as much as 90 percent. The magnitude of the bias depends on the level of pre-intervention tariffs and the size of tariff cuts - the larger the initial distortions and tariff reductions, the larger the bias when duty drawbacks are ignored. The bias in GTAP's estimates of China's real GDP, trade flows and welfare changes due to WTO accession increases more three times when China's pre-intervention tariffs are raised from their 1997 levels to the much higher 1995 levels. These results suggest that trade liberalization studies focusing on economies in which protection is high, import concessions play an important role and planned tariff cuts are deep, must treat duty drawbacks explicitly in order to avoid serious errors in their estimates of sectoral, trade flows and welfare changes.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Chepeliev, Maksym, Wally Tyner, and Dominique van der Mensbrugghe. How Differing Trade Policies May Impact U.S. Agriculture: The Potential Economic Impacts of TPP, USMCA, and NAFTA. GTAP Working Paper, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp84.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the last two years, the United States has reversed the post-World War II trend toward the lowering of trade barriers and a commitment towards multilateral free trade. Citing a need to “level the playing field” and hold trading partners accountable to their commitments, the current Administration has moved towards a more protectionist and perhaps mercantilist position vis-à-vis trade policy. One of the Administration’s first actions in this regard was the decision to leave the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement, followed thereafter by raising tariffs on steel and aluminum imports. The Administration’s actions on trade are likely to have significant implications for U.S. farmers as these actions target three of the largest markets for U.S. agricultural exports – Canada, China and Mexico – accounting for some 44%, and representing an average of $63 billion, of U.S. agricultural exports 2013 to 2015. Commissioned by the <a href="https://www.farmfoundation.org/">Farm Foundation</a> <a href="https://www.farmfoundation.org/forums/2019-farm-foundation-forums/u-s-and-canadian-perspectives-on-trans-pacific-trade/">Farm Foundation Forum</a> (March 4, 2019) <ul> <li><a href="https://soundcloud.com/user-254829763/us-canadian-perspectives-on-trans-pacific-trade">Forum audio</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.farmfoundation.org/trade/">Food and Agricultural Trade Resource Center</a></li> </ul> <a href="https://www.farmfoundation.org/forums/2018-farm-foundation-forums/oct-31-2018-farm-foundation-forum/">Farm Foundation Forum</a> (October 31, 2018) <ul> <li><a href="https://brianallmerradionetwork.wordpress.com/2018/10/31/10-31-18-a-closer-look-at-the-purdue-universitys-global-trade-analysis-project-regarding-usmca-with-purdue-ag-economist-dominique-y-van-der-mensbrugghe-ph-d/">van der Mensbrugghe Interview</a></li> </ul>

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Hertel, Thomas, and Jayson Beckman. Commodity Price Volatility in the Biofuel Era: An Examination of the Linkage between Energy and Agricultural Markets. GTAP Working Paper, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp60.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Agricultural and energy commodity prices have traditionally exhibited relatively low – even negative correlation. However, the recent increases in biofuel production have altered the agriculture-energy relationship in a fundamental way. The amount of corn utilized for ethanol production in the US has increased from 5% in 2001 to over one-third by the end of the decade. This increase has drawn corn previously sold to other uses (exports, food, feed), as well as acreage devoted to other crops (e.g., oilseeds and other grains). In addition, there has been an increase in the demand for production inputs, especially fertilizers, which are heavily energy-intensive. In short, the previous “biofuel decade” has led to significant changes in the US, and indeed the global economy.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ми пропонуємо знижки на всі преміум-плани для авторів, чиї праці увійшли до тематичних добірок літератури. Зв'яжіться з нами, щоб отримати унікальний промокод!