Готові списки джерел за темами / Explant cultures

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Explant cultures"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Explant cultures"

1

Žižková, Radmila, Věra Hedvičáková, Veronika Hefka Blahnová, Věra Sovková, Michala Rampichová, and Eva Filová. "The Effect of Osteoblast Isolation Methods from Adult Rats on Osteoclastogenesis in Co-Cultures." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (July 17, 2022): 7875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147875.

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Co-cultures of osteoblasts and osteoclasts are on the rise because they enable a more complex study. Diseases such as osteoporosis are related to a higher age. Thus, cell isolation from adult individuals is necessary. Osteoblasts can be isolated from the rat femur by three methods: explant culture, explant culture with enzymatic pre-treatment, or enzymatic treatment. The isolation methods yield different populations of osteoblasts which, in a co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, might result in differences in osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, we examined the differences in osteogenic markers, cell proliferation, and the metabolic activity of isolated osteoblast-like cells in a growth and differentiation medium. We then evaluated the effect of the isolated populations of osteoblast-like cells on osteoclastogenesis in a subsequent co-culture by evaluating osteoclast markers, counting formed osteoclast-like cells, and analyzing their area and number of nuclei. Co-cultures were performed in the presence or absence of osteoclastogenic growth factors, M-CSF and RANKL. It was discovered that enzymatic isolation is not feasible in adult rats, but explant culture and explant culture with enzymatic pre-treatment were both successful. Explant culture with enzymatic pre-treatment yielded cells with a higher proliferation than explant culture in a growth medium. The differentiation medium reduced differences in proliferation during the culture. Some differences in metabolic activity and ALP activity were also found between the osteoblast-like cells isolated by explant culture or by explant culture with enzymatic pre-treatment, but only on some days of cultivation. According to microscopy, the presence of exogenous growth factors supporting osteoclastogenesis in co-cultures was necessary for the formation of osteoclast-like cells. In this case, the formation of a higher number of osteoclast-like cells with a larger area was observed in the co-culture with osteoblast-like cells isolated by explant culture compared to the explant culture with enzymatic pre-treatment. Apart from this observation, no differences in osteoclast markers were noted between the co-cultures with osteoblast-like cells isolated by explant culture and the explant culture with enzymatic pre-treatment. The TRAP and CA II activity was higher in the co-cultures with exogenous growth than that in the co-cultures without exogenous growth factors on day 7, but the opposite was true on day 14. To conclude, explant culture and explant culture with enzymatic pre-treatment are both suitable methods to yield osteoblast-like cells from adult rats capable of promoting osteoclastogenesis in a direct co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Explant culture with enzymatic pre-treatment yielded cells with a higher proliferation. The explant culture yielded osteoblast-like cells which induced the formation of a higher number of osteoclast-like cells with a larger area compared to the explant culture with enzymatic pre-treatment when cultured with exogenous M-CSF and RANKL.
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Cramer, E. E. A., K. Ito, and S. Hofmann. "Ex vivo Bone Models and Their Potential in Preclinical Evaluation." Current Osteoporosis Reports 19, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11914-020-00649-5.

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Abstract Purpose of Review Novel therapies for damaged and diseased bone are being developed in a preclinical testing process consisting of in vitro cell experiments followed by in vivo animal studies. The in vitro results are often not representative of the results observed in vivo. This could be caused by the complexity of the natural bone environment that is missing in vitro. Ex vivo bone explant cultures provide a model in which cells are preserved in their native three-dimensional environment. Herein, it is aimed to review the current status of bone explant culture models in relation to their potential in complementing the preclinical evaluation process with specific attention paid to the incorporation of mechanical loading within ex vivo culture systems. Recent Findings Bone explant cultures are often performed with physiologically less relevant bone, immature bone, and explants derived from rodents, which complicates translatability into clinical practice. Mature bone explants encounter difficulties with maintaining viability, especially in static culture. The integration of mechanical stimuli was able to extend the lifespan of explants and to induce new bone formation. Summary Bone explant cultures provide unique platforms for bone research and mechanical loading was demonstrated to be an important component in achieving osteogenesis ex vivo. However, more research is needed to establish a representative, reliable, and reproducible bone explant culture system that includes both components of bone remodeling, i.e., formation and resorption, in order to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo research in preclinical testing.
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Wongwicha, Winida, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yukihiro Shoyama, Indree Tuvshintogtokh, and Waraporn Putalun. "Production of Glycyrrhizin in Callus Cultures of Licorice." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 63, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2008): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008-5-617.

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Licorice plants, Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata, were investigated for callus induction using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium combined with auxins and cytokinins. After 4 weeks of culture, 33-100% of leaf or stem explants formed calli. Maximum of shoot induction from callus cultures was achieved by G. inflata stem explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA) (67%) which also gave maximum shoot formation per explant (two shoots per explant). These results indicated that all three Glycyrrhiza species regenerated shoots from callus cultures on MS medium combined with NAA and BA or only thidiazuron (TDZ; 0.1 and 0.5 mg/l). Glycyrrhizin contents of G. uralensis calli induced using MS medium in combination with NAA and BA [(27.60 ± 8.47) μg/g DW] or TDZ alone [(36.52 ± 2.45) μg/ g DW] were higher than those found in other combinations.
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Kahia, Jane, Margaret Kirika, Hudson Lubabali, and Sinclair Mantell. "High-frequency Direct Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration from Leaves Derived from In Vitro-Germinated Seedlings of a Coffea arabica Hybrid Cultivar." HortScience 51, no. 9 (September 2016): 1148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci10771-16.

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Breeding work carried out during the period 1971–85 by the Coffee Research Institute, Ruiru, Kenya resulted in the release of a new improved hybrid Coffea arabica named Ruiru 11. The cultivar combines resistance to coffee berry disease (CBD) and leaf rust, with high yield and good cup quality attributes. The propagation by F1 hybrid seeds production, cuttings, and tip grafting do not produce enough planting materials. There was a need to explore alternative methods and tissue culture offers potential options. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of explant sources and cytokinins on induction and regeneration of somatic embryos. Eight different explants were cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10 µm benzylaminopurine (BAP). The effect of kinetin, N6-(2-isopentyl) adenine (2iP) evaluated at (0, 0.5, 5, or 25 µm) or thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 0.5, 1.0, or 5 µm) added in separate experiments was also evaluated. The percentage of embryogenic cultures and the numbers of embryos per explant were determined after 3 months’ culture. The explant type had a significant effect (P > 0.05) on the induction of somatic embryos. Explants from in vitro-germinated seedlings produced the highest embryogenic cultures (90%) and the highest mean number of embryos (19.36) per explant. Cytokinins strongly enhanced induction and regeneration of somatic embryos. TDZ at 1 µm produced the highest embryogenic cultures (100%) and the highest mean number of embryos (24.2). The embryos were germinated on half-strength MS medium without any hormones. A high (98%) survival rate of the regenerated plantlets was recorded over all the treatments in the greenhouse. This is the first report on induction of high-frequency direct somatic embryos from coffee juvenile tissues. This is of great significance in tissue culture and indeed molecular biology manipulations because it allows regeneration of coffee from several explants.
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Chowdhary, Ashish K., and S. N. Bahuguna. "Development of primary cell culture from the caudal fin region of snow trout Schizothorax plagiostomus (Heckel)." Environment Conservation Journal 15, no. 1&2 (June 18, 2014): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2014.151219.

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A primary cell culture has been established from the Snow trout Schizothorax plagiostomus. Primary cultures have developed from caudal fin tissues by explant culture technique. Cell outgrowth has been obtained from the caudal fin explant after 5-7 days of explant culture. The culture medium used for the experiment was Leibovitz-15 supplemented with 20% Fetal Bovine Serum. Radiation of cells from the explants started after 2 to 3 days. Both fibroblast like and epithelial like cells were noticed but fibroblast like cells dominated as the growth progressed.
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Plessis, Helena Jacoba du, Roumiana Vassileva Nikolova, Bronwyn Anne Egan, and Riana Kleynhans. "Preliminary study on in vitro shoot culture of Hibiscus coddii subsp. barnardii, an indigenous South African flowering plant." Ornamental Horticulture 27, no. 3 (September 2021): 408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v27i3.2353.

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Abstract In vivo and in vitro grown plants of Hibiscus coddii subsp. barnardii were used as explant source for establishment of in vitro cultures. Nodal shoot explants derived from in vivo grown plants, both naturally and under controlled environmental conditions, showed high sensitivity to the surface disinfection treatment and poor survival in in vitro culture. In vitro grown seedlings proved successful as aseptic source of apical and basal shoot explants to establish contamination-free in vitro cultures. Sprouting of axillary buds was observed on 90% of apical shoot explants after four weeks of culture on full strength, plant growth regulator (PGR)-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. However, further proliferation of short shoots, limited to the bud sprout at the explant base, occurred on only 50% of these explants. In contrast, all basal shoot explants attained 3-5 single primary axillary shoots (30-40 mm in length) while a clump of short (5-10 mm) shoots also formed at the base in 60% of these explants. In both explant types, addition of 0.25-1 mg L-1 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) to the MS medium resulted in a low frequency (10%-60%) of explants with short shoots (5-10 mm) that showed no further elongation. Moreover, explants cultured in the presence of BAP showed a high frequency of callus formation (up to 90%) and low survival (20%-60%). A lower frequency of callus formation (30%-40%) and higher survival (90%-100%) of both explant types occurred on BAP-free medium. Further subculturing of primary and secondary axillary shoots onto fresh MS medium (with and without BAP) did not improve shoot multiplication. Regenerated plantlets from PGR-free MS medium were successfully acclimatized and hardened-off.
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Heger, Julia I., Karolin Fröhlich, Lisa Uhl, Andre Schmidt, and Udo R. Markert. "Toxicological analyses on placental explant cultures." Placenta 57 (September 2017): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2017.07.108.

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Cao, X., and F. Hammerschlag. "307 Growth Regulator Pretreatments Significantly Enhance the Efficiency of Shoot Organogenesis from Leaf Explants of Highbush Blueberry Cultivar Bluecrop." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 445A—445. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.445a.

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As part of a program to develop transgenic highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars, studies were conducted to determine optimum conditions for high-efficiency shoot regeneration from leaf explants of in vitro propagated, commercially important, tissue culture-recalcitrant `Bluecrop' shoot cultures. The effects of pretreatments, growth regulators, and age of explant source on shoot organogenesis were investigated. A maximum of 98% shoot regeneration and 10 shoots regenerating per leaf explant occurred when explants of 2-week-old shoot cultures were incubated in the dark (for a total of 14 days) on pretreatment medium #1 containing 2.6 μM NAA and 5 μM TDZ for 4 days, next on pretreatment medium #2 containing 2.6 μM NAA and 7 μM zeatin riboside for 3 days, then on regeneration medium containing 1 μM TDZ for 6 weeks, and last on medium without growth regulators for 10 days. No shoot regeneration occurred if explants were incubated without exposure to pretreatments before incubation on regeneration medium. There were no significant differences in percentage of regeneration or the number of shoots regenerating per explant from leaf explants derived from either 1-, 2-, or 3-week-old shoot cultures. Shoot production per explant on 1 μM TDZ was about three times that on either 0.5 μM TDZ or 20 μM zeatin riboside, and nine times that on 5 μM TDZ.
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Husna, Miftahul, Dimas Ramadhian Noor, Rizki Sekar Arum, Hana Qanita, Abinawanto, Anom Bowolaksono, Erwin Danil Julian, and Astari Dwiranti. "The Use of Patient-Derived Explant Cultures for Predicting Breast Cancer Cell Migration Potential In Vitro." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 5 (May 30, 2022): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.5.16.

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Breast cancer ranks as one of the leading causes of death globally, while mortality rates due to breast cancer continue to rise. In Indonesia, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer, with women dying from breast cancer at a higher rate than men. Primary cultures play a significant role in examining the behavior of breast cancer cells. Because explant cultures can be performed directly from the primary tumor, they constitute a promising new tool for observing cell migration in cancer, including breast cancer. Nevertheless, the use of explant cultures to predict the migration of breast cancer cells has yet to be investigated. This study aims to assess the potential of the explant culture method to predict the migration ability of breast cancer cells in vitro. Tumor explants from two different patients were evaluated in this study. The explant cultures were observed for 14 days until passage, and the results were examined using a microscope. We found that BC02 cells took less than seven days to migrate from the primary tumor, while BC01 cells took 21 days. Furthermore, a mammosphere was observed in the BC02 sample. The rate of cell migration from the tissue depends on the malignant status of the tissue. In conclusion, this study suggests that explant cultures can be used to study the characteristics of cancer cell migration and its correlation with the malignancy of the original tissue.
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TANG, CHU-NIE, DHILIA UDIE LAMASUDIN, WAN MUHAMAD ASRUL NIZAM WAN ABDULLAH, CHEW-LI MOO, MIAO-SI CHIEW, QIAN-YEE CHAI, JANNA ONG-ABDULLAH, and KOK-SONG LAI. "Enhanced in vitro Shoot Regeneration and Biochemical Properties of Stevia rebaudiana using Chitosan." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5003-09.

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Stevia rebaudiana is a herbaceous perennial plant with great global demand due to its beneficial steviol glycosides(SGs) content. Current conventional breeding technique is unable to cater the need for more S. rebaudiana planting materials. Therefore, an improved in vitro shoot regeneration protocol was developed for S. rebaudiana by using chitosan. The highest fresh weight of plant (0.586 ± 0.176 g/explant), dry weight of plant (0.056 ± 0.02 g/explant) and plant height (4.94 ± 1.17 cm/explant) with maximum number of leaves (25.33 ± 6.95 /explant) were observed on explants grown in optimun treatment of MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of 6-benzyaminopurine (BAP) and 60 mg/L of low molecular weight (MW) chitosan after 4 weeks of culture. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that new shoot primordia and shoot bud formation can be seen as early as day 3 and 5 of cultures on optimun treatment. Further biochemical assays showed that total phenolic acid content, total protein content and total hydrolyzed sugar content were recorded higher in explants cultured in optimun treatment as compared to control media. In contrast, total chlorophyll content and total flavonoids content were reduced in optimum treatment. Meanwhile, no significant difference in antioxidant activity was observed. All cultures from the optimal treatment were successfully regenerated, acclimatized and grew well with 100% survival rate. Taken together, an enhanced and efficient shoot regeneration protocol of S. rebaudiana was successfully developed which will be useful for rapid and large-scale micropropagation in future.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Explant cultures"

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Teixeira, Marta Carolina Jesus. "Patient-derived explant cultures for cancer modelling." Master's thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biológica António Xavier, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/130073.

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"Cancer remains one of the deadliest diseases in the world. The process of drug discovery to find new drugs for oncology treatment takes more than a decade of research and it is associated with high attrition rates during clinical trials. One of the most common reasons claimed for the poor efficiency of new developed drugs is the lack of physiological relevance of the in vitro models used to select the novel compounds and to evaluate their potency. The role of tumor microenvironment on tumor progression and drug sensitivity is being increasingly studied and it is expected to provide significant clues for the development of novel therapies. Therefore, the incorporation of microenvironment features on cancer cell models during pre- clinical stages of research has the potential to improve significantly their predictive value. (...)"
N/A
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2

Ahmed, Najma Ayesha. "Studies on the regulation of chorionic gonadotropin production in explant cultures of human placenta." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74342.

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The effects of various steroid hormones on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) production and placental viability were investigated using an explant culture model of human placenta.
Placental hCG production was assessed using two different methods: (a) hCG concentrations in media recovered from cultures were measured by radioimmunoassay and (b) tissue levels of hCG in cultured placentae were determined immunohistochemically; both were evaluated before and after exposure to steroid hormones. In first trimester placentae, progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) increased hCG concentrations both in collected medium and levels in cultured placentae. Estradiol increased the levels of hCG in tissues but not in media. Cortisol increased concentrations in media but did not alter tissue levels. Testosterone decreased hCG levels in media, but had no effect on hCG placental content. In third trimester cultures, progesterone and DHEA were the only hormones studied which increased concentrations of hCG in media; estradiol, cortisol and testosterone had no effect. Progesterone, estradiol and DHEA, alone or in combination, extended the viability of first trimester placental explant cultures from approximately 7 to 30 days. There was a significant relationship between placental viability and tissue hCG levels (r = 0.73, P $<$ 0.001). The concentrations of hCG, progesterone and estradiol in human placentae were determined at various times through gestation. These studies suggest that a temporal relationship exists between the placental levels of hCG and these steroids, and that they may be significant determinants of growth and differentiation of the placenta in vivo. Furthermore, these investigations support the hypothesis that hCG production by the placenta is subject to paracrine regulation by steroid hormones.
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3

Baydoun, Martha. "Développement d’un modèle de culture tridimensionnelle à partir d’explants entériques pour l’étude de la cryptosporidiose." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I003.

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Plus de 20 % des cancers sont dus à une infection virale, bactérienne ou parasitaire. En effet, le parasite Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) qui est capable d’induire, chez des souris immunodéprimées, le développement d'adénocarcinomes invasifs au niveau gastro-intestinal. Cependant, la compréhension de la pathogénicité de Cryptosporidium a été limitée par l'absence d'un système de culture en continu et à long terme. Il est donc indispensable d’améliorer les systèmes de culture in vitro en mimant le plus possible les conditions de l’in vivo. J’ai participé tout d’abord à la réalisation d’une étude épidémiologique sur des patients Libanais atteints ou non de néoplasies/adénocarcinomes digestifs. Le taux d’infection à Cryptosporidium était significativement plus élevé chez les patients atteints de cancers coliques comparativement aux autres groupes de patients. Offrant ainsi de nouveaux arguments en faveur d’un lien entre l’infection à Cryptosporidium et la pathologie cancéreuse chez l’homme. Ensuite, j’ai développé un modèle de culture tridimensionnelle (3D) à partir d’un côlon murin adulte. Ce système a permis le maintien de l’infection pendant 35 jours et il a mis en évidence le développement in vitro de lésions néoplasiques 27 jours post infection. Il s’agit, de la première description d'une induction de néoplasies intraépithéliales de bas grade dans un système de culture 3D, par un parasite. Afin d’automatiser ce système, j’y ai associé un dispositif de microfluidique. Ce dernier a permis le maintien de la culture pendant 8 jours. Il s’agit de la première description d'une culture tissulaire d’intestin sur un dispositif microfluidique viable pour 8 jours
Almost 20% of cancers are due to a viral, bacterial or parasitic infection. For instance, Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) was found to induce the development of an invasive digestive adenocarcinomas in an experimental model of SCID mice.However, the understanding of the pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium has been limited by the lack of a long-term culture system. It is therefore essential to improve the in vitro culture systems by trying to mimic the in vivo conditions. Firstly, the association between Cryptosporidium infection and cancer development was investigated through an epidemiological study among cohorts of Lebanese patients with or without recent diagnosis of digestive cancer before any treatment. A high rate of Cryptosporidium was detected in biopsies from Lebanese patients with digestive neoplasia/adenocarcinoma. These results showed that Cryptosporidium is associated with human colon cancer being maybe a potential etiological agent of this disease. In the second part, a three dimensional (3D) Cryptosporidium culture model was developed from adult murine colon. This system allowed the reproduction of neoplasic lesions at 27 days post-infection, providing new evidence of the role of the parasite in the induction of carcinogenesis. This is the first description of a low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia induction after parasite infection in a 3D culture. Finally, in order to automatize the culture, a microfluidics device for explant culture was designed. An explant culture was maintained for almost 8 days using this microfluidic device. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a gut tissue culture on a microfluidic device that was viable for 8 days
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4

Gerfin-Moser, Andrea Michaela. "Excitatory amino acid receptor expression : localisation in pigeon brain and modulation in rat hippocampal explant cultures by epileptiform activity /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10918.

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5

Fougeray, Sylvie. "Toxicologie cellulaire de liquides de dialyse péritonéale sur des cultures de cellules mésothéliales de premier explant provenant de sujets IRC (insufisants rénaux chroniques) et IRC." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON13514.

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6

許霖慶 and Lam-hing Hui. "Studies on explant regeneration and morphogenesis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3120692X.

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Hui, Lam-hing. "Studies on explant regeneration and morphogenesis /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1231481X.

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Penrod, Leah Vee. "The Effects of EPA and DHA on the Uterine Inflammatory Response in Mares during In Vitro Culture of Endometrial Tissue." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145149.

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Анотація:
Uterine inflammation is one of the causes of a poor uterine environment. This can result in early embryonic loss in the mare due to an inhibition of or an increased secretion of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α ). Oxytocin binds to endometrial cell receptors to activate prostaglandin synthesis. Increased secretion or accumulation of PGF2α within the uterus due to uterine inflammation can cause luteolysis and result in early embryonic loss. Supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been shown to influence prostaglandin production in many species, although the effects on the mare remain unknown. Equine endometrial biopsies were collected and used to establish endometrial epithelial cell and explant cultures to determine the release of PGF2α and PGFM in response to oxytocin stimulation. Endometrial explant cultures were used to determine the inhibitory effects of Atosiban, an oxytocin receptor antagonist, and Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase –2 inhibitor, on PGF2α secretion. Endometrial explant cultures were challenged with oxytocin (250 nM) and PGF2α concentrations were measured over time. The effects of PUFAs on equine endometrial prostaglandin production were determined using endometrial biopsies harvested on day two of behavioral estrus. Equine endometrial cells were established and shown to replicate in culture and on a basement membrane matrix. Equine endometrial explants stimulated with oxytocin had increased secretion of PGF2α and PGE2 and the secretion of PGF2α was inhibited through an oxytocin receptor antagonist and Cox inhibition. Endometrial explants stimulated with lipopolysaccharide had increased secretion of PGF2α and PGE2, however oxytocin stimulated to a greater extent than LPS. Supplementation with PUFAs, specifically DHA, decreased the secretion of PGF2α and PGE2, however AA and EPA failed to influence this response. Expression of mRNA was not influenced by fatty acid supplementation, however was altered by stimulus. Therefore DHA influences the inflammatory response in vitro through mechanisms other than enzyme expression. Decreased PGF2α production associated with PUFA supplementation in vivo, creates a likely approach for decreasing early embryonic loss associated with post breeding inflammation commonly seen in the equine industry.
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9

José, Andrea Alessandra Filomena Brasil Vieira. "Efeito do ácido linoléico conjugado trans-10, cis-12 na regulação da lipogênese e expressão gênica em culturas de tecido adiposo de suínos em crescimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-08022006-143005/.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA), especificamente do isômero trans-10, cis-12 em culturas de explante de tecido adiposo de suínos, em crescimento.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), specifically the tnas-10, cis-12 isomer on cultures of adipose tissue explants from growing pigs.
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10

Amaral, Antonio Francisco de Campos. "Comportamento in vitro de explantes de matrizes de cenoura (Daucus carota L.) tratadas com variáveis níveis de potássio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-14082003-165946/.

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O crescimento de plantas, órgãos, tecidos e células in vitro depende do desenvolvimento de meios de cultura otimizados para a perfeita interação de componentes essenciais como fitorreguladores, fonte de carbono e nutrientes minerais. Os fatores que limitam o crescimento de órgãos ou tecido in vitro são similares a aqueles que limitam o crescimento in vivo. Com o objetivo de testar a influência do estado nutricional de plantas matrizes de cenoura Daucus carota Link em potássio na morfogênese in vitro, plantas obtidas de sementes germinadas em substrato e cultivadas em vasos com areia em condições de casa de vegetação, foram submetidas a tratamentos com soluções nutritivas contendo variáveis níveis de potássio. Decorridos 30 e 60 dias de tratamento, explantes dessas plantas (internódios) foram coletados, desinfetados e inoculados em meio de cultura sólido de MS contendo também diferentes concentrações de potássio e acrescido de 0,1mg.L -1 da auxina 2,4-D buscando indução de calogênese na ausência de luz. Diferenciação celular via embriogênese somática foi conseguida em ausência de auxina em condições de fotoperíodo de 16/8 horas (claro/escuro). A avaliação da calogênese foi feita aos 60 dias após a inoculação, com base na massa de matéria fresca e seca dos calos formados por explante. A avaliação da diferenciação celular (número de plantas/explante) e taxa de diferenciação celular (número de plantas/g de matéria seca de calos) foi realizada após 30 dias de cultivo em condições de luz. A indução de calogênese e crescimento celular nos explantes de matrizes tratadas foi influenciada pelo tratamento pelos níveis de K + na solução nutritiva e pela duração dos tratamentos. Explantes de matrizes tratadas com alta concentração de K + resultaram em indução e crescimento de calos em matéria fresca e seca inversamente proporcional à concentração de K + no meio de cultura tanto para tratamento por 30 dias como para 60 dias. Tratamentos de curta duração (30 dias) com altos níveis de K + nas soluções nutritivas e baixos níveis de K + no meio de cultura influenciaram negativamente a regeneração de plantas (nº plantas/explante) nos calos dos explantes das matrizes tratadas. No entanto, taxas mais altas de diferenciação celular (nº plantas/g de matéria seca de calos) ocorreram nos calos de explantes de matrizes tratadas por 30 dias com solução nutritiva contendo maiores níveis de potássio e inoculados em meio de cultura contendo concentrações iguais ou maiores de que a do meio MS.
The growth of plants, organs, tissues and cells in vitro culture depends on the development of optimized culture medium for the perfect interaction among essential components such as phytoregulators, carbon source and minerals nutrients. The factors limiting the growth of organs or tissues in vitro conditions are similar to those limiting growth in vivo conditions. The objective of this work was aimed at studying the influence of the potassium nutritional status of matrixes plants of carrot Daucus carota Link on the in vitro morphogenesis. Matrixes plants were obtained from seeds germinated in organic substratum and cultivated in plastic pots containing washed sand in greenhouse conditions. The matrixes plants were then submitted to treatments with nutrients solutions containing variable potassium levels. After 30 and 60 days treatment, explants (internodes) were collected, disinfested and inoculated in solid culture medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) containing different potassium concentrations and supplemented with 0,1mg.L -1 of 2,4-D for callogenesis induction in dark conditions. Cell differentiation by somatic embryogenesis was pursued by culturing the calli in auxina-free same culture medium in growth room under photoperiod of 16/8 hours (light/dark). The evaluation of the callogenesis induction and cell growth was carried out 60 days after explants inoculation, based on the mass of fresh and dry matter accumulation on each explant. The evaluation of cell differentiation (plant formed/explant) and of cell differentiation rate (number of plants formed/g of dry matter of callus) was carried after 30 days of culturing under light conditions. Callogenesis induction and cell growth on the explants of treated matrixes plants were affected by the potassium treatment levels in the nutrient solution and by the duration of the treatments. Explants from treated plants with the higher K + concentrations showed callus induction and growth inversely proportional to the concentration of K + in the culture medium for both (30 and 60 days) treatment duration. However the callogenesis accumulated after 60 days treatment was twice as much as that of 30 days treatments. Short time treatments duration (30 days) with higher levels of K + in the nutrient solutions and low concentrations of K + in the culture medium influenced the cell differentiation negatively (nº plants/explant) in the callus of the explants from treated plants. Cells from calli induced on explants from matrixes plants for 30 days were more morphogenic than the cells in the 60 days treatment where high callogenesis was observed. Also better cell differentiation rate was observed on calli induced on explants from treated matrixes plants with nutrient solutions containing the highest potassium levels and inoculated on MS culture medium containing highest potassium concentrations.
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Книги з теми "Explant cultures"

1

Cultural evolution: How Darwinian theory can explain human culture and synthesize the social sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.

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Ayyagari, Meghana. How well do institutional theories explain firms' perceptions of property rights? [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2005.

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National identity in global cinema: How movies explain the world. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Jewcentricity: Why Jews are praised, blamed, and used to explain just about everything. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009.

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Helliwell, John F. How's life?: Combining individual and national variables to explain subjective well-being. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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Devroye, Dan. Does inequality in skills explain inequality of earnings across advanced countries? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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Devroye, Dan. Does inequality in skills explain inequality of earnings across advanced countries? London: Centre for Economic Performance, 2002.

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Back to our future: How the 1980s explain the world we live in now--our culture, our politics, our everything. New York: Ballantine Books, 2011.

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Cohen, Elizabeth Storr, and Margaret Louise Reeves, eds. The Youth of Early Modern Women. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462984325.

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Through fifteen essays that work from a rich array of primary sources, this collection makes the novel claim that early modern European women, like men, had a youth. European culture recognised that, between childhood and full adulthood, early modern women experienced distinctive physiological, social, and psychological transformations. Drawing on two mutually shaped layers of inquiry — cultural constructions of youth and lived experiences — these essays exploit a wide variety of sources, including literary and autobiographical works, conduct literature, judicial and asylum records, drawings, and material culture. The geographical and temporal ranges traverse England, Ireland, Italy, France, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, and Mexico from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. This volume brings fresh attention to representations of female youth, their own life writings, young women’s training for adulthood, courtship, and the emergent sexual lives of young unmarried women.
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Mesoudi, Alex. Cultural Evolution: How Darwinian Theory Can Explain Human Culture and Synthesize the Social Sciences. University of Chicago Press, 2011.

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Частини книг з теми "Explant cultures"

1

Wuelling, Manuela, and Andrea Vortkamp. "Cartilage Explant Cultures." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 89–97. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-989-5_7.

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Klettner, Alexa, and Yoko Miura. "Porcine RPE/Choroidal Explant Cultures." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 109–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8669-9_8.

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Thalmann, Sébastien, Cristiana E. Juge-Aubry, and Christoph A. Meier. "Explant Cultures of White Adipose Tissue." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 195–99. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-245-8_14.

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Driver, Elizabeth Carroll, and Matthew W. Kelley. "Cochlear Explant Cultures: Creation and Application." In Neuromethods, 25–40. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2022-9_2.

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Møller, M., S. Micic, and J. C. Reckling. "Morphological Characterization of Rat Pineal Explant Cultures." In Neuroendocrinology, 357–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60915-2_27.

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Wuelling, Manuela, and Andrea Vortkamp. "Murine Limb Explant Cultures to Assess Cartilage Development." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 139–49. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1028-2_9.

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Sawamiphak, Suphansa, Ioanna Bethani, Mathias Ritter, and Amparo Acker-Palmer. "Ex Vivo Retinal Explant Cultures to Study Angiogenic Responses." In The Textbook of Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis: Methods and Applications, 169–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4581-0_10.

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Loreto, Andrea, and Jonathan Gilley. "Axon Degeneration Assays in Superior Cervical Ganglion Explant Cultures." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 15–24. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0585-1_2.

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Gris-Cárdenas, Isabel, Miriam Rábano, and Maria d. M. Vivanco. "Patient-Derived Explant Cultures of Normal and Tumor Human Breast Tissue." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 301–7. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2193-6_17.

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Emura, Makito. "Epithelial Alterations in Explant Cultures of Fetal Tracheae of Syrian Golden Hamsters." In Respiratory System, 27–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96846-4_3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Explant cultures"

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Turpin, Rita, Pauliina Munne, Ilida Suleymanova, Satu Mustjoki, Jeroen Pouwels, and Juha Klefström. "Abstract 1115: Patient-derived explant cultures (PDECs) as a model system for immuno-oncology studies." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-1115.

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Shaheen, Furquan, Dorota Stefanowicz, Stephanie M. B. Warner, Darryl A. Knight, and Tillie-Louise Hackett. "TGF-beta-Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition In Human Bronchial Explant Cultures From Normal And Asthmatic Subjects." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a6437.

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Van Winkle, LS, SR Murphy, PC Edwards, WF Walby, DM Hyde, and ES Schelegle. "Effects of Postnatal Exposure History on Airways: Use of Airway Explant Cultures To Evaluate Responses to Acute Oxidant Stress." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a4976.

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Gunja, Najmuddin J., and Kyriacos A. Athanasiou. "Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure on Meniscus Cell-Seeded PLLA Scaffolds." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176496.

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Cartilage explant studies have shown that mechanical stimuli increase extracellular matrix (ECM) expression and synthesis in vitro [1]. The use of hydrostatic pressure (HP), as a loading regimen, is of particular interest as it causes no cellular deformation. This may be useful in tissue engineering studies where scaffolds with limited mechanical integrity need to withstand intermittent loading conditions. Studies investigating the effect of HP on 3-D cultures of chondrocytes have met with modest success [2, 3]; however literature on meniscal fibrochondrocytes is lacking.
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Mauck, Robert L., Michael A. Soltz, Gerard A. Ateshian, and Clark T. Hung. "Dynamic Hydrostatic Pressurization Increases Matrix Gene Expression by Chondrocytes in 3D Culture." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23147.

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Abstract Articular cartilage is the load-bearing substance that covers the bony surfaces of articulating bones. With its high water content and small pore size, deformation of cartilage induces a very high hydrostatic pressure within the cartilage. This hydrostatic pressure has been shown both theoretically and experimentally to support upwards of 90% of the applied load (1), and can be on the order of 6–12 MPa. Chondrocytes, the cells within cartilage respond to this pressure by altering their rates of biosynthesis. Studies utilizing radionucleotide incorporation in both explant and monolayer cultures (2–4) have shown that in general dynamic pressurization increases synthesis, while static pressurization decreases synthesis. More recently, Smith et al have shown that dynamic pressurization (10MPa, 1 Hz) of cells in monolayer culture can upregulate matrix gene expression (5,6). Further, a study in PGA constructs has shown that long term application of dynamic pressure can increase matrix deposition (7). In this study, we seek to expand on these findings by examining the response in gene expression of articular chondrocytes encapsulated in alginate, a charged, 3D hydrogel.
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Shekhawat, Vivek K., Michel Laurent, Carol Muehleman, and Markus A. Wimmer. "Characterizing the Surface Topography of Viable Cartilage Explants: A Novel Application of the Scanning White Light Interferometer." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193056.

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Surface topography is an important parameter that affects friction, lubrication and wear of contacting materials. Articular cartilage has a very distinct topography allowing transport of nutritious fluid under elastohydrodynamic lubrication conditions [1]. Topographical measurements are a prerequisite for ex-vivo explant cultures which have become increasingly popular in the field of mechanobiology. Recently, several laboratories established wear tests [2, 3] to evaluate artificial cartilage repair materials intended to articulate against natural cartilage. Stylus profilometry, originally used in 1986 to establish that surface topography is a valuable indicator of cartilage health [1], remains the dominant technique for determining cartilage topography [4] despite significant shortcomings. Contact-based and slow, it can mar the surface and negatively impact tissue viability. However, to understand the underlying damage mechanism(s) it would be of utmost importance to monitor changes in surface topography during wear testing of viable tissue.
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Ploski, Jennifer, Katherine Nixon, Paula Cunnea, and Christina Fotopoulou. "2022-RA-1574-ESGO Application ofex-vivotumour explant cultures to predict platinum responses in high grade serous ovarian cancers within a clinically relevant timeline." In ESGO 2022 Congress. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2022-esgo.898.

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Wickramanayake, Kokila Kumudu, Talaat Abdel-Fattah Ahmed, and Mohammed Hussain S. A. Al safran. "Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Induction from Leaf and Petiole explants of Hummeid (Rumex Vesicarius)." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0059.

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Advancement in plant cell culture technology has permitted the increasing interest in harvesting plant metabolites from cell cultures. This technique is based on in vitro propagation of plant callus which contains many beneficial compounds under sterile conditions as the plant source or raw material for natural product extraction. In vitro production of plant sources acknowledges; conservation of plant species in natural habitats which has been a global issue due to over harvesting of medicinal plants for the natural products manufacturing and production of phytochemicals, independent from seasonal and environmental limitations. Establishment of cell cultures is challenging. The main aim is to establish cell cultures as the starting material for the phytochemical analysis in Rumex Vesicarius.
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Shah Jahan Miah, Md. "Accessibility Improvement of Multicultural Educational Web Interface by using the User Centred Design (UCD) Approach." In InSITE 2004: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2769.

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Designing of web accessibility features need to accommodate cultural differences in the multicultural world. This paper finds the literature on how the web accessibility features of educational website can be improved for multicultural users by using the User Centred Design (UCD) approach. This paper reviews previous research on multicultural approach, accessibility functions and UCD approach. The reviews found some multicultural factors interpreted in terms of some cultural variables like Power distance, Uncertainty avoidance, Individualism, Universalism, Masculinity, Neutral Culture, Specific culture and Achievement level during the designing of multicultural web sites, and the close observation on multicultural user’s understanding is important in designing well-functioned accessibility features. This paper explores the background on the UCD approach in designing the multicultural web accessibility, beyond the access for users from different cultures. In particular, this paper intends to explain the opportunity of UCD approach in designing the multicultural accessibility features.
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Saade, Raafat, Fassil Nebebe, and Tak Mak. "Canada - China Cultural Differences in E-learning: A Motivation Perspective." In InSITE 2009: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3346.

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There are relatively few empirical studies that examine cultural differences in students’ beliefs and use of web-based learning systems. Asian and Western countries have different systems of thought which are rooted in their respective national culture. Although there are a number of theories to explain individuals’ behavior within different cultures, there are few that focused on web-based learning differences. In this study, we investigate the motivational differences among Chinese and Canadian online learners. We enhance our body of knowledge in two respects: moderating and mediating effects of intrinsic motivation in the two groups and the use of the ‘cognitive system of thought’ theory to extract meaning from the results.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Explant cultures"

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Gray, Dennis, and Victor Gaba. Genotype, Explant and Growth Regulator Effects in the Determination of Adventitious Regeneratin in Curcurbits, in Aid of Genetic Transformation. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561060.bard.

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The objective of this study was to gain an understanding of the in vitro regeneration process in watermelon and melon to enable the development of genetic transformation systems. The objectives were met and additional progress, unplanned during the original proposal, was made. Organogenic regeneration in vitro was studied in both melon and watermelon. Genotype played a significant role in regeneration. In melon, epidermal cells were responsible for most regeneration. Methods to obtain in vitro-derived watermelon tetraploids, needed for seedless varieties, were developed. The culture systems were refined so that they could be routinely used for transformation. Particle guns were constructed and Agrobacterium strains were obtained to study the effect of transformation procedures on culture system performance, allowing refinement of transformation protocols. The culture systems were shown to enable the stable transformation of both crops, allowing their future use for insertion of agriculturally-important genes. In addition, we showed that shoot apical meristems might be suitable target tissue for transformation and allow a wider range of genotypes to be used, which is needed for crops as diverse as cucurbits.
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Barefoot, Susan, Benjamin Juven, Thomas Hughes, Avraham Lalazar, A. B. Bodine, Yitzhak Ittah, and Bonita Glatz. Characterization of Bacteriocins Produced by Food Bioprocessing Propionobacteria. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561061.bard.

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Objectives were to further characterize activity spectra of dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins, jenseniin G and propionicin PLG-1, purify them, examine the role of cell walls in resistance, examine their interactions with cytoplasmic membrane, explain producer immunity, and clone the responsible genes. Inhibitory spectra of both bacteriocins were further characterized. Propionicin was most effective in controlling Gram-positive, rather than Gram-negative organisms; it controlled growth of sensitive cells both in a culture medium and a model food system. Jenseniin inhibited yogurt cultures and may help prevent yogurt over-acidification. Both were active against botulinal spores; jenseniin was sporostatic; propionicin was sporicidal. Jenseniin was produced in broth culture, was stable to pH and temperature extremes, and was purified. Its molecular mass (3649 Da) and partial amino acid composition (74%) were determined. A blocked jenseniin N-terminus prevented sequencing. Methods to produce propionicin in liquid culture were improved, and large scale culture protocols to yield high titers were developed. Methods to detect and quantify propionicin activity were optimized and standardized. Stability of partially purified propionicin was demonstrated and an improved purification scheme was developed. Purified propionicin had a 9328-Da molecular mass, contained 99 amino acids, and was significantly hydrophobic; ten N-terminal amino acids were identified. Propionicin and Jenseniin interacted with cytoplasmic membranes; resistance of insensitive species was cell wall-related. Propionicin and jenseniin acted similarly; their mode of action appeared to differ from nisin. Spontaneous jenseniin-resistant mutants were resistant to propionicin but nisin-sensitive. The basis for producer immunity was not resolved. Although bacteriocin genes were not cloned, a jenseniin producer DNA clone bank and three possible vectors for cloning genes in propionibacteria were constructed. In addition, transposon Tn916 was conjugatively transferred to the propionicin producer from chromosomal and plasmid locations at transfer frequencies high enough to permit use of Tn916 for insertional mutagenesis or targeting genes in propionibacteria. The results provide information about the bacteriocins that further supports their usefulness as adjuncts to increase food safety and/or quality.
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Penman, Olivia, Andrew Sheridan, Nic Badcock, Georgia Horsburgh, and Carmela Pestell. Could local sleep explain the occurrence of attentional lapses in primary school-aged children? A scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0074.

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Review question / Objective: The current review aims to describe the literature on the relationship between local sleep and attentional lapses in neurotypical children or children with ADHD and how this can be applied to inform our understanding of poor attention under conditions of low arousal and increased sleep pressure. The main/primary question is, what is known from the existing literature about the relationship between local sleep and attentional lapses in children? In answering this primary question, we also want to know under what conditions is local sleep occurring? For example, does local sleep occur more frequently with increased fatigue? Eligibility criteria: All papers identified must meet the following criteria for inclusion: the population is neurotypical children and children with ADHD aged between 6 and 12 years of age, published in English, full text available (where full-text is not available, authors will be contacted to request a copy of the paper). All time frames, types of sources (e.g. qualitative or quantitative research studies), geographic locations, cultural and sociodemographic contexts will be included. Review papers (i.e. systematic reviews, meta-analyses), papers with animal studies and clinical cohorts other than ADHD (e.g. autism, sleep disorders, acquired brain injuries etc.) will be excluded. As local sleep is defined as occurring during wakefulness, studies with participants who are asleep will also be excluded.
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Oosterom, Marjoke, Lopita Huq, Victoria Namuggala, Sohela Nazneen, Prosperous Nankindu, Maheen Sultan, Asifa Sultana, and Firdous Azim. Tackling Workplace Sexual Harassment. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.026.

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Employment is believed to be a crucial avenue for women’s empowerment, yet widespread workplace sexual harassment undermines this in many countries. Young and unmarried women from poor backgrounds are particularly at risk, but workplace sexual harassment is often overlooked in debates on decent jobs for youth. Based on case study research with factory and domestic workers in Bangladesh and Uganda, this briefing explains how social and gender norms constrain young women’s voices and agency in response to sexual harassment. It offers recommendations towards developing the laws, mechanisms and culture needed to reduce workplace sexual harassment and empower young women in their work.
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Collazo, Hector III L. Defending Against Opposed Patterns of Resistant: Can Past Cultural Lessons in Armed Conflict Help U.S. Identify, Defend, Adapt, or Exploit Notions of Resistant With New Adversaries Like ISIS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012800.

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McKnight, Katherine, Nitya Venkateswaran, Jennifer Laird, Rita Dilig, Jessica Robles, and Talia Shalev. Parent Teacher Home Visits: An Approach to Addressing Biased Mindsets and Practices to Support Student Success. RTI Press, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.op.0077.2209.

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Research has shown educators’ implicit biases to be a key factor in creating and perpetuating disparities in students’ experiences of schooling, learning, and longer-term outcomes, including job opportunities, wealth, and health. Current school reform and transformation efforts are aimed at addressing institutionalized racism in school policies, practices, and cultural systems by implementing implicit bias training for teachers and staff. In this paper, we explain how a school home visits program, Parent Teacher Home Visits (PTHV), is a promising intervention for counteracting implicit biases and improving outcomes for families and students. The PTHV “relational” home visit model focuses on promoting mutually supportive and accountable relationships between educators and families. We present data from a study examining the experiences of 107 educators and 68 family members who participated in PTHV, showing how educators shifted their deficit assumptions about families and students. Although the PTHV model was not created to address implicit biases, we found that the key components of these home visits align with strategies that psychological research has demonstrated effectively counteracting implicit biases and reducing discriminatory behaviors.
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Ozturk, Ibrahim. On the Political Economy of Populism: The Decline of the Turkish Economy under Erdoğan’s Populist-Authoritarian Regime. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0008.

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Whether it adopts a right- or left-wing ideology or it is embraced as a belief or a set of ideals, and no matter the strategy or tactics, populism, in the final analysis, is a way of seizing power, and differences between the different strands carry significant repercussions. Many diverse economic, political, and cultural factors have been put forward to explain the rise of populism. One leader who has drawn increasing attention on the crest of the most recent wave of populism is Turkey’s incumbent president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. After a period of progressive and democratic leadership through to 2007, Erdoğan’s fundamental beliefs and personality surfaced, and the entire process was reversed, with devastating consequences for Turkey. This article argues that Erdoğan’s Islamist–nationalist populism has been one of the primary triggers of Turkey’s current political and economic meltdown. Moreover, his populist rhetoric has weakened Turkey’s already fragile autonomous institutions and paved the way for reform reversals and incoherent economic policy. Taken together, Erdoğanism has brought a woeful deterioration in macroeconomic indicators, including rampant inflation, mounting national debt, massive unemployment, rising poverty, and a profound currency shock.
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8

Runyon, Amber, Gregor Schuurman, Brian Miller, Amy Symstad, and Amanda Hardy. Climate change scenario planning for resource stewardship at Wind Cave National Park: Climate change scenario planning summary. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286672.

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This report explains scenario planning as a climate change adaptation tool in general, then describes how it was applied to Wind Cave National Park as the second part of a pilot project to dovetail climate change scenario planning with National Park Service (NPS) Resource Stewardship Strategy development. In the orientation phase, Park and regional NPS staff, other subject-matter experts, natural and cultural resource planners, and the climate change core team who led the scenario planning project identified priority resource management topics and associated climate sensitivities. Next, the climate change core team used this information to create a set of four divergent climate futures—summaries of relevant climate data from individual climate projections—to encompass the range of ways climate could change in coming decades in the park. Participants in the scenario planning workshop then developed climate futures into robust climate-resource scenarios that considered expert-elicited resource impacts and identified potential management responses. Finally, the scenario-based resource responses identified by park staff and subject matter experts were used to integrate climate-informed adaptations into resource stewardship goals and activities for the park's Resource Stewardship Strategy. This process of engaging resource managers in climate change scenario planning ensures that their management and planning decisions are informed by assessments of critical future climate uncertainties.
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9

Crooks, Roderic. Toward People’s Community Control of Technology: Race, Access, and Education. Social Science Research Council, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/jt.3015.d.2022.

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This field review explores how the benefits of access to computing for racialized and minoritized communities has become an accepted fact in policy and research, despite decades of evidence that technical fixes do not solve the kinds of complex social problems that disproportionately affect these communities. I use the digital divide framework—a 1990s policy diagnosis that argues that the growth and success of the internet would bifurcate the public into digital “haves” and “have-nots”—as a lens to look at why access to computing frequently appears as a means to achieve economic, political, and social equality for racialized and minoritized communities. First, I present a brief cultural history of computer-assisted instruction to show that widely-held assumptions about the educational utility of computing emerged from utopian narratives about scientific progress and innovation—narratives that also traded on raced and gendered assumptions about users of computers. Next, I use the advent of the digital divide framework and its eventual transformation into digital inequality research to show how those raced and gendered norms about computing and computer users continue to inform research on information and communication technologies (ICTs) used in educational contexts. This is important because the norms implicated in digital divide research are also present in other sites where technology and civic life intersect, including democratic participation, public health, and immigration, among others. I conclude by arguing that naïve or cynical deployments of computing technology can actually harm or exploit the very same racialized and minoritized communities that access is supposed to benefit. In short, access to computing in education—or in any other domain—can only meaningfully contribute to equality when minoritized and racialized communities are allowed to pursue their own collective goals.
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10

Funkenstein, Bruria, and Cunming Duan. GH-IGF Axis in Sparus aurata: Possible Applications to Genetic Selection. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580665.bard.

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Many factors affect growth rate in fish: environmental, nutritional, genetics and endogenous (physiological) factors. Endogenous control of growth is very complex and many hormone systems are involved. Nevertheless, it is well accepted that growth hormone (GH) plays a major role in stimulating somatic growth. Although it is now clear that most, if not all, components of the GH-IGF axis exist in fish, we are still far from understanding how fish grow. In our project we used as the experimental system a marine fish, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), which inhabits lagoons along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe, and represents one of the most important fish species used in the mariculture industry in the Mediterranean region, including Israel. Production of Sparus is rapidly growing, however, in order for this production to stay competitive, the farming of this fish species has to intensify and become more efficient. One drawback, still, in Sparus extensive culture is that it grows relatively slow. In addition, it is now clear that growth and reproduction are physiological interrelated processes that affect each other. In particular sexual maturation (puberty) is known to be closely related to growth rate in fish as it is in mammals, indicating interactions between the somatotropic and gonadotropic axes. The goal of our project was to try to identify the rate-limiting components(s) in Sparus aurata GH-IGF system which might explain its slow growth by studying the ontogeny of growth-related genes: GH, GH receptor, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF receptor, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and Pit-1 during early stages of development of Sparus aurata larvae from slow and fast growing lines. Our project was a continuation of a previous BARD project and could be divided into five major parts: i) obtaining additional tools to those obtained in the previous project that are necessary to carry out the developmental study; ii) the developmental expression of growth-related genes and their cellular localization; iii) tissue-specific expression and effect of GH on expression of growth-related genes; iv) possible relationship between GH gene structure, growth rate and genetic selection; v) the possible role of the IGF system in gonadal development. The major findings of our research can be summarized as follows: 1) The cDNAs (complete or partial) coding for Sparus IGFBP-2, GH receptor and Pit-1 were cloned. Sequence comparison reveals that the primary structure of IGFBP-2 protein is 43-49% identical to that of zebrafish and other vertebrates. Intensive efforts resulted in cloning a fragment of 138 nucleotides, coding for 46 amino acids in the proximal end of the intracellular domain of GH receptor. This is the first fish GH receptor cDNA that had been cloned to date. The cloned fragment will enable us to complete the GH - receptor cloning. 2) IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGF receptor transcripts were detected by RT-PCR method throughout development in unfertilized eggs, embryos, and larvae suggesting that these mRNAs are products of both the maternal and the embryonic genomes. Preliminary RT-PCR analysis suggest that GH receptor transcript is present in post-hatching larvae already on day 1. 3) IGF-1R transcripts were detected in all tissues tested by RT-PCR with highest levels in gill cartilage, skin, kidney, heart, pyloric caeca, and brain. Northern blot analysis detected IGF receptor only in gonads, brain and gill cartilage but not in muscle; GH increased slightly brain and gill cartilage IGF-1R mRNA levels. 4) IGFBP-2 transcript were detected only in liver and gonads, when analyzed by Northern blots; RT-PCR analysis revealed expression in all tissues studied, with the highest levels found in liver, skin, gonad and pyloric caeca. 5) Expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-1R and IGFBP-2 was analyzed during gonadal development. High levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 expression were found in bisexual young gonads, which decreased during gonadal development. Regardless of maturational stage, IGF-II levels were higher than those of IGF-L 6) The GH gene was cloned and its structure was characterized. It contains minisatellites of tandem repeats in the first and third introns that result in high level of genetic polymorphism. 7) Analysis of the presence of IGF-I and two types of IGF receptor by immunohistochemistry revealed tissue- and stage-specific expression during larval development. Immunohistochemistry also showed that IGF-I and its receptors are present in both testicular and ovarian cells. Although at this stage we are not able to pinpoint which is the rate-limiting step causing the slow growth of Sparus aurata, our project (together with the previous BARD) yielded a great number of experimental tools both DNA probes and antibodies that will enable further studies on the factors regulating growth in Sparus aurata. Our expression studies and cellular localization shed new light on the tissue and developmental expression of growth-related genes in fish.
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