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Статті в журналах з теми "Exercise - general"
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Gibbs, Dr Mitchell T., Matthew D. Jones, Mr Andrew Natoli, Mr Brendan Mouatt, and Ms Emily Walker. "HOW DO PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN PERCEIVE SPECIFIC AND GENERAL EXERCISE?" Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 13, s2 (May 1, 2024): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.372.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
INTRODUCTION & AIMS Exercise prescriptions for chronic low back pain (CLBP) often utilize reductionistic, trunk-focused exercise aimed at addressing proposed pain mechanisms. It is unknown if the use of these trunk focussed exercises imply beliefs to people with CLBP about the rationale for their use (e.g., aetiology), even without concurrent biomedical narratives. This study aimed to explore people’s perceptions of specific and general exercise without an accompanying narrative when experiencing CLBP. METHODS An anonymous online survey was distributed. Mixed methods were utilised for analysis. Six-point Likert scales categorised people’s beliefs about individual exercises. Open-ended questions were used to gather further beliefs which were then coded into themes. RESULTS 109 people with CLBP perceived specific exercise as more beneficial than general exercise. Eight themes and five sub-themes were defined. A high volume of positive beliefs were centred around strengthening the low back and abdominal musculature, emphasising the importance of correct technique. Negative beliefs were held against spinal flexion and external load. Both positive and negative beliefs were underpinned by spinal/pelvic stability being important as well as certain exercises being achievable or not. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that people with CLBP consider specific exercises to be more beneficial than general exercises for CLBP. Specific exercises irrespective of an accompanying narrative can imply meaning about the intent of an exercise. Understanding this requires practitioners to be mindful when prescribing and communicating exercise.
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Koumantakis, George A., Paul J. Watson, and Jacqueline A. Oldham. "Trunk Muscle Stabilization Training Plus General Exercise Versus General Exercise Only: Randomized Controlled Trial of Patients With Recurrent Low Back Pain." Physical Therapy 85, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/85.3.209.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background and Purpose. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the usefulness of the addition of specific stabilization exercises to a general back and abdominal muscle exercise approach for patients with subacute or chronic nonspecific back pain by comparing a specific muscle stabilization–enhanced general exercise approach with a general exercise–only approach. Subjects. Fifty-five patients with recurrent, nonspecific back pain (stabilization–enhanced exercise group: n=29, general exercise–only group: n=26) and no clinical signs suggesting spinal instability were recruited. Methods. Both groups received an 8-week exercise intervention and written advice (The Back Book). Outcome was based on self-reported pain (Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire), disability (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire), and cognitive status (Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, Pain Locus of Control Scale) measured immediately before and after intervention and 3 months after the end of the intervention period. Results. Outcome measures for both groups improved. Furthermore, self-reported disability improved more in the general exercise–only group immediately after intervention but not at the 3-month follow-up. There were generally no differences between the 2 exercise approaches for any of the other outcomes. Discussion and Conclusion. A general exercise program reduced disability in the short term to a greater extent than a stabilization-enhanced exercise approach in patients with recurrent nonspecific low back pain. Stabilization exercises do not appear to provide additional benefit to patients with subacute or chronic low back pain who have no clinical signs suggesting the presence of spinal instability.
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Ko, Junho, Seong-Wook Jang, Hyo Taek Lee, Han-Kyung Yun, and Yoon Sang Kim. "Effects of Virtual Reality and Non–Virtual Reality Exercises on the Exercise Capacity and Concentration of Users in a Ski Exergame: Comparative Study." JMIR Serious Games 8, no. 4 (October 28, 2020): e16693. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16693.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Recently, ski exergames have been gaining popularity due to the growing interest in health improvement. Conventional studies evaluating the effects of ski exergames only considered exercise capacity and overlooked concentration. Ski exergames consist of a motion platform for exercise and virtual reality (VR) content in the game. The VR content enhances the exercise capacity and concentration of the user by providing a challenging goal. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of VR and non-VR exercises on the exercise capacity and concentration of users in a ski exergame. Methods To examine the effects of the VR content in ski exergames, we performed 2 experiments, non-VR exercise and VR exercise, where participants exercised on the motion platform. If a user performs an exercise without using any VR content, it is a non-VR exercise. Contrastingly, in the case of VR exercise, a user exercises according to the VR content (a downhill scenario). In addition to the range of motion (ROM) of the ankle and rated perceived exertion (RPE) to assess exercise capacity, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to assess users’ concentration. Results We evaluated the effects of the VR content by comparing the results obtained from VR and non-VR exercises. The ROM of the ankle with VR exercise was wider than that with non-VR exercise. Specifically, ROM of the ankle was 115.71° (SD 17.71°) and 78.50° (SD 20.43°) in VR exercise and non-VR exercise, respectively. The RPE difference between the 2 exercises was not statistically significant. The result of the sensorimotor rhythm waves (which are concentration-related EEG signals) was more favorable for VR exercise than non-VR exercise. The ratios of sensorimotor rhythm wave in EEG were 3.08% and 2.70% in the VR exercise and non-VR exercise, respectively. Conclusions According to the results of this experiment, higher exercise capability and concentration were achieved with the VR exercise compared with non-VR exercise. The observations confirm that VR content can enhance both exercise capability and concentration of the user. Thus, the ski exergames can be used effectively by those who, in general, do not like exercise but enjoy games.
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Hayat, Majid, Rafia Siddique, Aliya Basharat, Iqra Waheed, Syeda Umme Rubab, Haya Naqvi, Hamna Nadeem, et al. "Comparison of Treatment Outcome of the Effectiveness of Isometric Exercises as Compared to General Exercises with Cervical Spine Mobilization in The Management of Chronic Non Specific Neck Pain." British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 4, no. 6 (December 23, 2023): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the “effectiveness of isometric exercises as compared to general exercises along with cervical spinal mobilization to reduce pain, disability and to increase range of motion in chronic non-specific neck pain”For this randomized controlled experiment total 32 patients (16 in each group) with chronic non-specific neck pain were recruited from physiotherapy Ward Mayo Hospital Lahore, Department of Physiotherapy King Edward Medical University Lahore between October, 2019 and March, 2020. Simple randomization method was used to assign participants into isometric exercise group and general exercise with cervical spine mobilization group. The isometric exercise group performed exercises for neck muscle groups with a rubber band and general exercises with cervical mobilization group performed active range of movement exercises for all neck movements. Patients in both groups received 4 supervised treatment sessions per week for 6 weeks. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck disability index Questionnaire and goniometer were used to assess pain, disability and neck range of movements at baseline and after 6 weeks.Both interventions showed statistically significant improvements in pain, function and range of movement p = 0.001for isometric exercise group, p = 0.05 for general exercises group and p= <0.001 for range of movement. However, mean improvements in post intervention VAS score and Neck disability index Questionnaire score was better in isometric exercises group as compared to general exercise group. In conclusion, both interventions are effective in the treatment of chronic non- specific neck pain however; isometric exercises are clinically more effective than general exercises with cervical spine mobilization.
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GRIFFITHS, CATHRIN, KRYSIA DZIEDZIC, JACKIE WATERFIELD, and JULIUS SIM. "Effectiveness of Specific Neck Stabilization Exercises or a General Neck Exercise Program for Chronic Neck Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Rheumatology 36, no. 2 (February 2009): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.080376.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective.In a cohort of primary care patients with chronic neck pain, to determine whether specific neck stabilization exercises, in addition to general neck advice and exercise, provide better clinical outcome at 6 weeks than general neck advice and exercise alone.Methods.This was a multicenter randomized controlled trial in 4 physical therapy departments. Seventy-four participants (mean age 51.3 yrs) were randomized to specific neck stabilization exercises with a general neck advice and exercise program (n = 37) or a general neck advice and exercise program alone (n = 37). They attended a 1-hour clinical examination, followed by a maximum of 4 treatment sessions. Assessments were undertaken at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 months. The primary outcome was the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS). Analysis was by intention to treat.Results.Seventy-one (96%) participants received their allocated intervention. There was 91% followup at 6 weeks and 92% followup at 6 months. The mean (SD) 6-week improvement (reduction) in NPDS score was 10.6 (20.2) for the specific exercise program and 9.3 (15.7) for the general exercise program. There were no significant between-group differences in the NPDS at either 6 weeks or 6 months. For secondary outcomes, participants in the specific exercise group were less likely to be taking pain medication at 6-week followup (p = 0.02). There were no other significant between-group differences.Conclusion.Adding specific neck stabilization exercises to a general neck advice and exercise program did not provide better clinical outcome overall in the physical therapy treatment of chronic neck pain.
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Pedoe, D. S. T. "Exercise and general practice." BMJ 302, no. 6782 (April 20, 1991): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6782.969.
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Rahnama, Leila, Manizheh Saberi, Pegah Kashfi, Mahsa Rahnama, Noureddin Karimi, and Mark D. Geil. "Effects of Two Exercise Programs on Neck Proprioception in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: A Preliminary Randomized Clinical Trial." Medical Sciences 11, no. 3 (September 8, 2023): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci11030056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of specific neck muscle training and general neck-shoulder exercises on neck proprioception, pain, and disability in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain. Methods: Twenty-five patients with chronic non-specific neck pain were recruited into this preliminary single-blinded randomized clinical trial. They were randomly assigned to either a specific neck exercise (n = 13, mean aged 24 years) or a general neck exercise group (n = 12, mean aged 25 years). Specific neck exercises included eye-head coordination and isometric deep neck muscle exercises. General neck exercises included neck and shoulder free range of motion and shoulder shrug. Pain, disability, and neck proprioception, which was determined using the joint repositioning error, were measured at baseline and after eight weeks of training in both groups. Results: Both training groups showed significant improvements in joint repositioning error (p < 0.001, F = 24.144, ES = 0.8), pain (p < 0.001, F = 61.118, ES = 0.31), and disability (p = 0.015, F = 6.937, ES = 0.60). However, the specific neck exercise group showed larger variability in joint repositioning error (p = 0.006, F = 0.20, F critical = 0.36). Conclusions: Either specific neck exercise or a general neck-shoulder range of motion exercise could be effective in improving neck proprioception. Therefore, exercises could be recommended based on patient comfort and patients’ specific limitations.
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Koumantakis, George A., Paul J. Watson, and Jacqueline A. Oldham. "Supplementation of general endurance exercise with stabilisation training versus general exercise only." Clinical Biomechanics 20, no. 5 (June 2005): 474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.12.006.
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Poulsen, Anne Grøndahl, Janni Dahlgaard Gravesen, Merete Nørgaard Madsen, Lone Ramer Mikkelsen, Thomas Bandholm, and Camilla Blach Rossen. "Patient perspectives on home-based rehabilitation exercise and general physical activity after total hip arthroplasty: A qualitative study (PHETHAS-2)." F1000Research 10 (June 30, 2022): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51684.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Home-based rehabilitation exercise following Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) shows similar outcomes compared to supervised outpatient rehabilitation exercise. Little is known about patients' experiences with home-based rehabilitation, and this study aimed to investigate how patients perceived home-based rehabilitation exercise and general physical activity after THA, focusing on facilitators and barriers. Methods: Semi-structured interviews of qualitative design were conducted with 22 patients who had undergone THA and who had performed home-based rehabilitation exercise. The study took place in a regional hospital in Denmark between January 2018 and May 2019. Data were analyzed using an interpretive thematic analysis approach, with theoretical underpinning from the concept ‘conduct of everyday life’. The study is embedded within the Pragmatic Home-Based Exercise Therapy after Total Hip Arthroplasty-Silkeborg trial (PHETHAS-1). Results: The main theme, ‘wishing to return to the well-known everyday life’, and the subtheme ‘general physical activity versus rehabilitation exercise’ were identified. Generally, participants found the home-based rehabilitation exercise boring but were motivated by the goal of returning to their well-known everyday life and performing their usual general physical activities. Participants enrolled in the PHETHAS-1 study used the enrollment as part of their motivation for doing the exercises. Both pain and the absence of pain were identified as barriers for doing home-based rehabilitation exercise. Pain could cause insecurity about possible medical complications, while the absence of pain could lead to the rehabilitation exercise being perceived as pointless. Conclusions: The overall goal of returning to the well-known everyday life served as a facilitator for undertaking home-based rehabilitation exercise after THA along with the flexibility regarding time and place for performing exercises. Boring exercises as well as both pain and no pain were identified as barriers to the performance of home-based rehabilitation exercise. Participants were motivated towards performing general physical activities which were part of their everyday life.
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Poulsen, Anne Grøndahl, Janni Dahlgaard Gravesen, Merete Nørgaard Madsen, Lone Ramer Mikkelsen, Thomas Bandholm, and Camilla Blach Rossen. "Patient perspectives on home-based rehabilitation exercise and general physical activity after total hip arthroplasty: A qualitative study (PHETHAS-2)." F1000Research 10 (February 4, 2022): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51684.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Home-based rehabilitation exercise following Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) shows similar outcomes compared to supervised outpatient rehabilitation exercise. Little is known about patients' experiences with home-based rehabilitation, and this study aimed to investigate how patients perceived home-based rehabilitation exercise and general physical activity after THA, focusing on facilitators and barriers. Methods: Semi-structured interviews of qualitative design were conducted with 22 patients who had undergone THA and who had performed home-based rehabilitation exercise. The study took place in a regional hospital in Denmark between January 2018 and May 2019. Data were analyzed using an interpretive thematic analysis approach, with theoretical underpinning from the concept ‘conduct of everyday life’. The study is embedded within the Pragmatic Home-Based Exercise Therapy after Total Hip Arthroplasty-Silkeborg trial (PHETHAS-1). Results: The main theme, ‘wishing to return to the well-known everyday life’, and the subtheme ‘general physical activity versus rehabilitation exercise’ were identified. Generally, participants found the home-based rehabilitation exercise boring but were motivated by the goal of returning to their well-known everyday life and performing their usual general physical activities. Participants enrolled in the PHETHAS-1 study used the enrollment as part of their motivation for doing the exercises. Both pain and the absence of pain were identified as barriers for doing home-based rehabilitation exercise. Pain could cause insecurity about possible medical complications, while the absence of pain could lead to the rehabilitation exercise being perceived as pointless. Conclusions: The overall goal of returning to the well-known everyday life served as a facilitator for undertaking home-based rehabilitation exercise after THA along with the flexibility regarding time and place for performing exercises. Boring exercises as well as both pain and no pain were identified as barriers to the performance of home-based rehabilitation exercise. Participants were motivated towards performing general physical activities which were part of their everyday life.
Дисертації з теми "Exercise - general"
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Stuart, Sue. "Ageing & exercise : a case study to explore perceptions of ageing and engagement with exercise." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2018. http://bucks.collections.crest.ac.uk/17685/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study concerns the lived experience of participants in 50+ exercise groups (mainly women) that are taught by the researcher who is herself 50+. Activities comprise Exercise to Music, Pilates and Tai Chi for Arthritis and most classes are run under the auspices of an Adult Learning scheme. The research explores the meanings which people attach to the processes of ageing and how these relate to their engagements with exercise. The work was stimulated by a desire to understand the factors that encourage the participants to engage in and adhere to exercise and, in so doing, to make useful recommendations for health promotion and service provision with the intention that others might avoid the dangers of sedentary behaviour. This ethnographic case study spans approximately four years beginning in the spring of 2013. It draws on data collected in five semi-structured interviews and ten focus groups that were recorded and transcribed and five shorter telephone interviews which were noted at the time. Also included are data from numerous short vox pops and interviews 'on the move'. Altogether 56 individuals contributed verbal comment that has been recorded in some way. The data are reinforced by participant observation and access to enrolment documents. All of this is supported by a field journal which creates an audit trail and traces the evolution of the study. The originality of the study lies in the ability of the researcher to open up the 'black box' of the exercise class to reveal what matters most to older adults when they engage in exercise and how the contents of the box are socially constructed. Drawing on her own life experience as an exerciser and as an educator, the researcher is in a unique position to relate to the participants both as a peer and as a professional. The study situates perceptions of ageing in the context of identity formation. It explores elements across the life course which have shaped those perceptions and how such perceptions intersect with values and beliefs about exercise and, furthermore, how they continue to do so. Through unpacking the 'black box' of the exercise class, findings demonstrate the existence of a 'package' of elements that individuals require in their iv exercise: some essential, others desirable and yet others totally unacceptable. Factors which are considered essential vary with the choice of exercise but there remains an overwhelming sense of agreement that whatever is chosen should be pleasurable and co-constructed in partnership with other people. How this occurs forms the major contribution to knowledge which may be valuable in its application to provision, instructor recruitment and training for older adult exercise classes. Though the knowledge arises specifically from the participants of this case study it has relevance in informing exercise provision for similar groups of people.
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Chong, Shing-kan Patrick. "A randomized controlled trial for exercise prescription in general practice." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31970977.
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Chong, Shing-kan Patrick, and 莊承謹. "A randomized controlled trial for exercise prescription in general practice." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970977.
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Alhowikan, Abdulrahman M. "Impact of exercise duration on maximal and sub-maximal markers during clinical cardio-pulmonary exercise testing." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3224/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends that protocols for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) should last between eight and twelve minutes. However, the justification for these exercise durations rely on limited experimental data. These recommendations have a significant impact on the ability of frail patients to be assessed using CPET and should conform to evidence based practice. This thesis begins by assessing the validity of these recommendations in relation to maximal exercise responses before assessing the consequences of these recommendations on sub-maximal exercise measurements. These studies were conducted in a relatively large cohort (compared to the study that underpins the ACSM guidelines) of heterogeneous volunteers (they are both men and women, with a significant age range and varied functional capacity) to make the data more relevant to clinical exercise testing. The data presented in chapter three demonstrate that it is very difficult to obtain exercise duration conforming to the current ACSM guidelines by using a standardised ramp exercise protocol on both treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise. However, sub-group analyses for those subjects who achieved moderate (8-12 minutes) and short (less than 8 minutes) exercise durations. In addition, a separate analysis was carried out for a different sub-group of those who achieved moderate (8-12 minutes) and long (more than 12 minutes) of durations of exercise. Despite this, it was possible to demonstrate in sub-group analysis that there was no significant difference in peak oxygen uptake, peak carbon dioxide output, peak heart rate, peak ventilation and peak power output when exercise duration was less or more than that prescribed by the ACSM recommendations. In addition, the effects of long, moderate or short duration exercise per se were also analysed in this chapter and again exercise duration was shown to be without effect on the main maximal markers of exercise performance. In chapters four, five and six, the initial findings were extended to determine the effects of exercise duration on a range of clinically relevant sub-maximal markers of exercise performance. It was likely, since exercise duration did not affect maximal exercise that the physiological determinants of maximal performance were not significantly altered during short or long duration exercise and consequently it was likely that sub-maximal markers of functional capacity would not be affected. However, the quality of the data obtained during CPET can obviously influence the accurate measurement physiological responses during exercise and much of the analysis in these chapters focused on the validity of the data analysis. Chapter four investigated the limitations to measuring the break point in the relationship between oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output during progressive exercise (the so called ventilatory threshold or ‘V-slope’). The accurate measurement of this break point was determined by standard gas exchange criteria and the effects of reducing the data available for analysis (by reducing the amount of breaths available for comparison at reduced exercise durations) were examined. The data showed that reducing the data available for analysis had an impact on the quality of the data (decreasing the goodness of fit) but no significant effect on the determination of the ventilatory threshold. Chapter five determined the effects of exercise duration on the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES). As expected, the effects of exercise duration were not significant but additional investigation into the commonly employed data analysis procedures was performed. These data show that the log transformation of the relationship between ventilation and oxygen uptake allows reliable assessment of ventilatory efficiency in most cases, however, the impact of the lactate threshold on ventilation and the biological variability in where the threshold occurs as a proportion of functional capacity can impact on the sensitivity of this measurement to predict aerobic and/or anaerobic capacity. Chapter six determined the effects of exercise duration on the breathing reserve index and found no significant difference during short, moderate or long exercise duration exercise. Further analysis was performed to demonstrate limitations in the use of predicted maximum voluntary ventilation (rather than direct measurement). Taken together, these data demonstrate that the current ACSM recommendations for CPET are too restrictive and may limit the application of such testing in populations that cannot exercise for between eight and twelve minutes. The data further suggest that the testing and analysis procedures used during CPET are central to producing valid maximal and sub-maximal markers of functional capacity and the recommendations should focus include guidelines in relation to such aspects.
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Robb, Louise. "The effect of exercise on rat brown adipose tissue." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5739.
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Anderson, Jeffrey Philip. "Promoting physical activity and mental well-being in general practice." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312288.
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Hannon, John B. "The college of consultors and the exercise of ecclesial authority." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4896.
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Ferrario, Chiara. "Functional electrical stimulation (FES) leg cycling exercise in paraplegia : a pilot study for the definition and assessment of exercise testing protocols and efficacy of exercise." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1534/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A custom FES-cycling ergometer equipped with an electric motor and an integrated feedback system for accurate control of exercise workrate and cadence has been employed in this study. This experimental setup allowed the imposition of arbitrary workrate profiles with high precision and provided the potential for highly-sensitive exercise testing. One aim of the work described in this thesis was to propose and evaluate novel protocols for incremental exercise test (IET) and step exercise test (SET). Valid protocols would allow reliable estimation of the key markers of cardiopulmonary fitness in SCI subjects performing FES-cycling. Measures which can be used to evaluate the effect on cycling performance of changes in stimulation parameters, and which might therefore be used to optimise them, were also investigated. Thus, a second aim of this work was to determine whether oxygen uptake and a new measure of stimulation cost (i.e. the total rate of stimulation charge applied to the stimulated muscle groups during cycling) are sensitive enough to allow discrimination between the efficacy of different activation patterns during constant-power cycling. A discussion on the concept of metabolic efficiency in AB and SCI subjects is presented in this thesis. Efficiency of FES-cycling is much lower than that of voluntary cycling. Therefore, a third aim of this work was to define new efficiency measurements that are more appropriate for the SCI population. Two volunteer subjects took part in this study and the data obtained from the tests they performed are presented as case studies. The main outcome shows feasibility of the two exercise testing protocols. Moreover, the first report of a ventilatory threshold in SCI subjects during FES-cycling has been provided here. Oxygen uptake and stimulation cost measurements both allow discrimination between the efficacy of different muscle activation patterns. However, stimulation cost is more easily determined in real time, and responds more rapidly and with greatly improved signal-to-noise properties than oxygen uptake.
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Thomson, Stephen D. "Exercise testing and non-invasive haemodynamics in the assessment and monitoring of pulmonary hypertension : novel submaximal and peak exercise variables." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8918/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pulmonary hypertension is a disease characterised by progressive pulmonary vascular remodelling and obliteration with consequent development of right heart failure and ultimately death. First described many decades ago with a median survival of less than 3 years and no available treatments, the development of disease specific pulmonary vasodilator therapy has led to only modest improvements in survival and it remains an almost universally fatal disease. One of the key symptoms of pulmonary hypertension is exercise intolerance, primarily a consequence of the underlying right ventricular failure and an inability to augment stroke volume on exercise. The gold standard diagnostic test is right heart catheterisation but this is unattractive as a tool for ongoing monitoring as it is invasive and not without risk, albeit that risk is small. As a result most monitoring of disease progression and of treatment response is carried out using surrogate markers, often exercise based such as the 6 minute walk test. Increasing attention is focused on the role of exercise both in that monitoring of patients and also in helping to understand better the pathophysiology. The work presented in this thesis therefore aimed to explore novel exercise derived variables and noninvasive haemodynamic measurement as tools to improve our understanding of the disease limitation, to enhance our monitoring of treatment response and to give additional prognostic information. In Chapter 3 the role of peripheral muscle oxygen extraction and exercise limitation was explored by performing right heart catheterisation on exercise with measurement of mixed venous oxygen saturation. This demonstrated that patients with pulmonary hypertension demonstrate no evidence of impaired oxygen extraction and that they appear to extract at least as much oxygen on exercise as healthy individuals have been shown to in other studies. This indicates that impairment of oxygen extraction is not a cause of exercise limitation in pulmonary hypertension. 3 Chapter 4 describes a series of studies evaluating the potential role of the oxygen uptake efficiency slope in pulmonary hypertension. This variable derived from the oxygen consumption and ventilation across an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test has demonstrated promise as a potential submaximal measure of exercise performance and predictor of survival in left heart failure. The studies conducted demonstrated that this variable is a measure of peak exercise performance in pulmonary hypertension, that it can be measure on submaximal levels of exercise and that it predicts survival in patients with Group 1 and Group 4 disease. The studies described in Chapter 5 investigated the rates of recovery of heart rate and oxygen consumption after exercise and found that both could predict survival. In particular the rate of recovery of heart rate after exercise was demonstrated to be a strong predictor of survival on multivariate analysis, thus providing a further method of assessing prognosis with exercise. Finally the ability of noninvasive measures of stroke volume to predict outcome was explored in the studies detailed in Chapter 6. The underlying haemodynamic abnormalities are not assessed when surrogate measures such as exercise testing are employed in patient follow up. Standard practice is to review patients 3 to 4 months after any change in treatment and to assess them using these surrogate measures. Acute haemodynamic changes are able to be detected invasively immediately after administration of pulmonary vasodilator therapy. This study therefore investigated the ability of two noninvasive methods of measuring stroke volume, inert gas rebreathing and cardiac MRI, to detect treatment response after only 2 weeks and assess how this related to functional improvement at the standard 4 months. The study found that haemodynamic changes were able to be detected at 2 weeks and these appeared to relate to changes in 6 minute walk distance at the same time point but did not appear to relate to 6 minute walk distance at 4 months. This study however did not reach its recruitment target and therefore further work is needed in this area.
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Cottrell, Elizabeth. "General practitioners' attitudes, beliefs and behaviours regarding exercise for chronic knee pain." Thesis, Keele University, 2016. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/2389/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Patients with chronic knee pain (CKP) frequently present to general practitioners (GPs). Exercise, a core management approach for CKP, reduces pain and improves functioning. To maximise patient outcomes, GPs should practise in line with best evidence recommendations. Using an underpinning model (developed using behavioural theory), this thesis describes the attitudes, beliefs and behaviours of GPs regarding the use of exercise for patients with CKP. A systematic review revealed a paucity of published studies specifically examining this topic. Available data suggested that GPs’ attitudes and beliefs about exercise for CKP varied widely, exercise appeared to be underused and its implementation by GPs was unclear. The need to concurrently and specifically investigate the attitudes, beliefs and behaviours of GPs regarding exercise for CKP was identified. A vignette-based pilot questionnaire survey of 800 UK GPs was undertaken to refine the survey tool and methods and to inform the required sample size for the main survey. The subsequent main survey of 5000 UK GPs revealed that exercise was used by most GPs for CKP. However, methods employed to initiate exercise within an individual patient’s management plan were variable and imperfectly aligned with evidence-based recommendations. Attitudes and beliefs about exercise for CKP were generally positive; however GPs expressed some uncertainty about safety and efficacy, particularly regarding local exercise (e.g. strengthening, range-of-movement, stretching). Although some elements of the underpinning model (e.g. role and identity) predicted GPs’ behaviour, others (e.g. beliefs about capabilities) performed less well. To maximise the clinical outcomes of patients with CKP, recommendations from this research include: development of educational, organisational change and/or behaviour change strategies to improve initiation of individualised exercise, and clarification of GPs’ role, in this context. Approaches to better understand the key influences on GPs’ behaviour are required; a greater focus on decision-making theory may be valuable.
Книги з теми "Exercise - general"
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Gottlieb, Jeff. Spriggles: Activity & exercise. Petoskey, Mich: Mountain Watch Press, 2002.
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Julie, Landau, ed. GED science exercise book. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1988.
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Whitten, Kenneth W. Instructor's manual to accompany general chemistry and general chemistry with qualitative analysis. 5th ed. Fort Worth [etc.]: Saunders College, 1996.
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Hills, Margaret. Curing arthritis exercise book. Oxford: ISIS, 1995.
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Digilio, Karen Scott. GED social studies exercise book. Edited by Boone Mark and Contemporary Books inc. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1988.
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Ĭordan, Stoi͡a︡nov, and Kocherlakota K, eds. Exercise manual in probability theory. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.
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John, Kelly, ed. Sport, exercise and social theory: An introduction. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2012.
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Drowatzky, John N. Exercise science: Career perspectives and professional foundations. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1993.
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C, Klein Arthur, ed. Backache: What exercises work. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.
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Romanek, Elizabeth. GED literature and the arts exercise book. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1988.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Exercise - general"
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LaCaille, Lara, Anna Maria Patino-Fernandez, Jane Monaco, Ding Ding, C. Renn Upchurch Sweeney, Colin D. Butler, Colin L. Soskolne, et al. "Exercise-General Category." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 730. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100606.
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Draper, Nick, Craig A. Williams, and Helen Marshall. "General concepts for exercise physiology." In Exercise Physiology, 213–32. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003109280-9.
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O'Connell, Dennis G., Janelle K. O'Connell, and Martha R. Hinman. "General Exercise Test ProceDural Information." In Special Tests of the Cardiopulmonary, Vascular, and Gastrointestinal Systems, 210. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003526506-84.
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Wagner, Peter, Frank C. Mooren, Hidde J. Haisma, Stephen H. Day, Alun G. Williams, Julius Bogomolovas, Henk Granzier, et al. "General Adaptation Syndrome." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 360. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2431.
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Wagner, Peter, Frank C. Mooren, Hidde J. Haisma, Stephen H. Day, Alun G. Williams, Julius Bogomolovas, Henk Granzier, et al. "General Fitness Training." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 360. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2432.
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Lambert, Michael I. "General Adaptations to Exercise: Acute Versus Chronic and Strength Versus Endurance Training." In Exercise and Human Reproduction, 93–100. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3402-7_6.
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Sciacca, Joseph. "Nutrition and Exercise: Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle in Surgery Residency." In General Surgery Residency Survival Guide, 173–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25617-2_40.
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Mendes, Miguel. "General Principles of Exercise Testing in Cardiac Rehabilitation." In Cardiac Rehabilitation Manual, 3–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47738-1_1.
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Mendes, Miguel. "General Principles of Exercise Testing in Cardiac Rehabilitation." In Cardiac Rehabilitation Manual, 3–29. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-794-3_1.
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Price, Mike. "Planning, referencing and general writing tips." In Lab Reports and Projects in Sport and Exercise Science, 177–95. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003112426-7.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Exercise - general"
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Careri, F., C. Genesi, P. Marannino, M. Montagna, S. Rossi, and I. Siviero. "The effects of exercise of market power on a competitive electricity market." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2010.5590160.
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Yu, Yang, Baosen Zhang, and Ram Rajagopal. "Do wind power producers have market power and exercise it?" In 2014 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2014.6939858.
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Raiola, Gaetano, and Gaetano Altavilla. "Testing motor skills, general and special coordinative, in young soccer." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2020 - Winter Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.15.proc2.11.
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Johnson, Michael D., Elif Ozturk, Lauralee Valverde, Bugrahan Yalvac, Prentiss McGary, and Xiaobo Peng. "A Methodology for Examining the Role of Adaptive Expertise on CAD Modeling." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12779.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Computer-aided design (CAD) tools play a significant role in the modern product commercialization environment. As CAD and general CAx technology advances, it becomes more important to understand how engineers adapt their expertise to new environments and problems. This work examines a methodology consisting of a set of surveys, interviews, and exercises with a small group of practicing engineers to assess adaptive expertise (AE) and relate this AE to CAD modeling performance and procedures. Results detail AE survey results, a modeling and alteration exercise, and an exercise where engineers are asked to model a component using a CAD platform they are unfamiliar with. Interview and time use (from screen capture videos) results from this exercise are presented along with other data. Correlations among AE survey and interview variables and model analysis variables are presented. The epistemology dimension of the AE survey was found to be negatively correlated with both original modeling and alteration time. Overall modeling time in the different platform was positively correlated with the percentage of time a participant spent engaging in trial and error; modeling time in the different platform was negatively correlated with percentage of time spent doing actual modeling and the time spent thinking.
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Buckley, Jenni M., Jill S. Higginson, Amy C. Bucha, Ashu Khandha, Dawn Elliott, and Thomas Buchanan. "Research-Focused Undergraduate Laboratory Exercises in Biomechanics." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14772.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Undergraduate laboratory exercises in core engineering courses do not always subscribe to the Problem Based Learning approaches advocated by the educational community [1–3]. Common shortcomings include “cookie cutter” labs where students are not engaged in experimental design as well as a general detachment from the “real world” application of the laboratory exercise. Soft skills like proper documentation during experiments as well as scientific writing may also be overlooked in lab curricula. This is unfortunate, as the undergraduate laboratory experience is a perfect opportunity to develop essential research skills as well as inspire and excite students about their chosen field.
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Нинциева, Тамила Магомедовна. "GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GUARANTEES OF RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF HUMAN AND CITIZEN." In Образование. Культура. Общество: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июнь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/ecs291.2020.52.36.032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Одним из наиважнейших достижений человечества по-прежнему остаются права и свободы человека и гражданина, поэтому центральной в реализации любого права является определенная законодательная система специфических средств - гарантий, благодаря которым становится возможным осуществление прав и свобод, их охрана от противоправных посягательств и защита от нарушений. One of the most important achievements of mankind remains the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, therefore, the central to the implementation of any right is a certain legislative system of specific means - guarantees that make it possible to exercise rights and freedoms, protect them from unlawful encroachments and protect against violations.
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Kovačić, Grgur, Josipa Antekolović, and Ljubomir Antekolović. "Eccentric Contractions in the Rehabilitation of Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy: literature review." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lateral elbow tendinopathy (LT) is the most common chronic painful condition affecting the elbow in general population. Research has shown that an eccentric exercise program can be effective modality for treating tendinopathies. The purpose of this review was to deter-mine the effects of eccentric contractions (EC) in comparison to other types of contractions and other therapeutic approaches. Searches were performed using the electronic databases Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. The basic selection criterion was a research meth-odology in which at least one group of subjects used eccentric contractions in comparison to other methods of contractions or therapy. In conclusion, eccentric contractions are useful method of treating LT in 12 weak period. However, it cannot be stated with certainty whether EC exercises are more or less effective than other forms of therapeutic exercises or specific physiotherapeutic techniques.
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Hart, Kathleen M., Steven B. Shooter, and Charles J. Kim. "A Framework for Engineering Dissection Exercise Creation and Implementation." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hands-on product dissection and reverse engineering exercises have been shown to have a positive impact on engineering education, and many universities have incorporated such exercises in their curriculum. The CIBER-U project seeks to examine the potential to utilize cyberinfrastructure to enhance these active-learning exercises. We have formulated a framework for product dissection and reverse engineering activity creation to support a more rigorous approach to assessing other exercises for satisfaction of the CIBER-U project goals and adapting the best practices. This framework is driven by the fulfillment of learning outcomes and considers the maturity of students at different levels. Prototype exercises developed with the framework are presented. The approach is sufficiently general that it can be applied to the consideration and adaption of other types of exercises while ensuring satisfaction of the established goals.
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Voronin, N. I., S. I. Kuznetsov, D. S. Kuznetsov, and P. A. Popov. "The new therapeutic complex for the treatment of unstable stenocardia at the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperventilation syndrome: elaboration and analysis of efficiency based on the assessment of outcomes." In General question of world science. НИЦ "LJournal", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gqws-01-2022-09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents data from an original study on the implementation and empirical verification of the effectiveness of the developed therapeutic complex aimed at improving the intensive treatment of the nosological association «unstable angina pectoris (as the underlying disease) + type 2 diabetes mellitus (as a background pathology) + hyperventilation syndrome (as a concomitant state)». The author's therapeutic complex is based on a controlled change in auxiliary respiratory oxygenation «downward», provided that basic pharmacotherapy must be supplemented with a balanced combination of antihypoxic drugs and antiaggregant of new generation . A comparative study of two groups of thematic patients was carried out - using the developed complex and using the «traditional approach». The complex key parameters of the outcomes of the underlying disease in patients were studied using clinical assessment of functional classes of angina pectoris and veloergometric assessment of exercise tolerance. When using the developed therapeutic complex in comparison with the «traditional approach», a fundamental improvement in the outcomes of angina pectoris was established, which was confirmed by both the ratio of functional classes and the results of bicycle ergometry. The obtained data of intergroup differences have a high level of statistical significance. This proved the significant actual effectiveness of the developed therapeutic complex. The data presented in the article are distinguished by novelty and practical applicability, which makes it possible to recommend them for further implementation in the practice of the clinic of internal diseases.
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Oury, Laurence, Zeynab Umidova, Miche`le Auglaire, and Antonio Cipollaro. "Validation of Severe Accident Management Guidance in Belgium." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75472.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Belgian Safety Authorities requested to address the severe accident issue within the periodic safety review of the Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). The key elements of the approach applied in Belgium include the implementation and the validation of the Severe Accident Management Guidance (SAMG). The present paper focuses on the validation of the SAMG that has taken place during the last four years. The validation process aims at verifying the ability of the Technical Support Center (TSC) to manage severe accidents thanks to the implemented Severe Accident Management Guidance. The validation was practically realized by table-top drills based on Westinghouse Owner’s Group SAMG scenario templates. Eight scenarios were exercised: 7 at full power and 1 at shutdown state. One of the scenarios consists in a fast evolving scenario. This paper details the methodology used for the validation process as well as the feedback of the validation exercises realized in the NPPs. In a first phase the objectives of the exercises were defined in agreement with the Safety Authorities; successively, the exercises were realized in the TSC in presence of the Safety Authorities with the active participation of the members of the crisis team that would be present in the TSC. For each exercise, a scenarist presented the chronology of events until the opening of the SAMG. Then, during the severe accident phase, the scenarist regularly provided the evolution of the parameters and was playing also the role of the control room, if needed. That organization is described and analyzed. Moreover, the paper reports on the general feedback from the exercises and the major findings of the validation. Possible adaptations and improvements of the guidelines have been identified, such as for example additional or alternative entry criteria to the guidelines, priorities definition due to the existence of the safety injection-containment spray connection, evaluation of the application of the WOG SAMG to shutdown states and supplementary information for alternative electrical supply in case of station black-out.
Звіти організацій з теми "Exercise - general"
1
Wilder, Michael. Improving Hypothesis Testing Skills: Evaluating a General Purpose Classroom Exercise with Biology Students in Grade 9. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.427.
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Selph, Shelly S., Andrea C. Skelly, Ngoc Wasson, Joseph R. Dettori, Erika D. Brodt, Erik Ensrud, Diane Elliot, et al. Physical Activity and the Health of Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review in Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, and Spinal Cord Injury. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer241.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives. Although the health benefits of physical activity are well described for the general population, less is known about the benefits and harms of physical activity in people dependent upon, partially dependent upon, or at risk for needing a wheelchair. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury regardless of current use or nonuse of a wheelchair. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, PsycINFO®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase®, and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source from 2008 through November 2020, reference lists, and clinical trial registries. Review methods. Predefined criteria were used to select randomized controlled trials, quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and cohort studies that addressed the benefits and harms of observed physical activity (at least 10 sessions on 10 different days of movement using more energy than rest) in participants with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury. Individual study quality (risk of bias) and the strength of bodies of evidence for key outcomes were assessed using prespecified methods. Dual review procedures were used. Effects were analyzed by etiology of impairment and physical activity modality, such as treadmill, aquatic exercises, and yoga, using qualitative, and when appropriate, quantitative synthesis using random effects meta-analyses. Results. We included 146 randomized controlled trials, 15 quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and 7 cohort studies (168 studies in 197 publications). More studies enrolled participants with multiple sclerosis (44%) than other conditions, followed by cerebral palsy (38%) and spinal cord injury (18%). Most studies were rated fair quality (moderate risk of bias). The majority of the evidence was rated low strength. • In participants with multiple sclerosis, walking ability may be improved with treadmill training and multimodal exercise regimens that include strength training; function may be improved with treadmill training, balance exercises, and motion gaming; balance is likely improved with postural control exercises (which may also reduce risk of falls) and may be improved with aquatic exercises, robot-assisted gait training, treadmill training, motion gaming, and multimodal exercises; activities of daily living may be improved with aquatic therapy; sleep may be improved with aerobic exercises; aerobic fitness may be improved with multimodal exercises; and female sexual function may be improved with aquatic exercise. • In participants with cerebral palsy, balance may be improved with hippotherapy and motion gaming, and function may be improved with cycling, treadmill training, and hippotherapy. • In participants with spinal cord injury, evidence suggested that activities of daily living may be improved with robot-assisted gait training. • When randomized controlled trials were pooled across types of exercise, physical activity interventions were found to improve walking in multiple sclerosis and likely improve balance and depression in multiple sclerosis. Physical activity may improve function and aerobic fitness in people with cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury. When studies of populations with multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy were combined, evidence indicated dance may improve function. • Evidence on long-term health outcomes was not found for any analysis groups. For intermediate outcomes such as blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood glucose, there was insufficient evidence from which to draw conclusions. There was inadequate reporting of adverse events in many trials. Conclusions. Physical activity was associated with improvements in walking ability, general function, balance (including fall risk), depression, sleep, activities of daily living, female sexual function, and aerobic capacity, depending on population enrolled and type of exercise utilized. No studies reported long-term cardiovascular or metabolic disease health outcomes. Future trials could alter these findings; further research is needed to examine health outcomes, and to understand the magnitude and clinical importance of benefits seen in intermediate outcomes.
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Liu, Jing, Channing Arndt, and Thomas Hertel. Parameter Estimation and Measures of Fit in A Global, General Equilibrium Model. GTAP Working Paper, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp24.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models have been widely used for quantitative analysis of global economic issues. However, CGE models are frequently criticized for resting on weak empirical foundations. This paper builds on recent work in macro-econometric estimation, developing an approach to parameter estimation for a widely employed global CGE model, the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model. An approximate likelihood function is developed and the set of optimum elasticity values is obtained by maximizing this approximate likelihood function in the context of a back casting exercise. In addition, two statistical tests are performed. The first of these tests compares the standard GTAP elasticity vector with the estimated trade elasticity vector. It rejects the null hypothesis of equality between the two sets of trade elasticities. The second test examines the widely maintained hypothesis known as the “rule of two”, by which the elasticity of substitution across imports by sources is set equal to twice the elasticity of substitution between domestic goods and imports. We fail to reject this common rule of thumb. We conclude that there is much to be gained by nesting CGE models within an estimation framework as this opens the way for formal evaluation of model performance and parameterization.
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Gutierrez-Arias, Ruvistay, Dawid Pieper, Carole Lunny, Rodrigo Torres-Castro, Raúl Aguilera-Eguía, and Pamela Seron. Strategies used to manage overlap of primary study data by exercise-related overviews authors. Protocol for a systematic methodological review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0161.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Review question / Objective: This methodological review aims to find out how often strategies for handling overlapping data from primary studies are used across the systematic reviews considered by overviews authors focused on exercise-related interventions in different health conditions. Secondarily, we aim to describe the overlap strategies used, the authors' acknowledgment of not using any management strategy as a methodological weakness, and the congruence between the protocol and the final published overview in terms of overlap management. Study designs to be included: We will include overviews that consider SRs with or without meta-analysis (MA), without distinction of the methodological design of the primary studies included. The definition of SR adopted by the authors of the overviews will not be considered as an eligibility criterion. Overviews that also include primary studies not considered in the selected SRs will not be excluded.An overview is defined as any study: 1) aimed at synthesising general information, methods, and outcome data from SRs, 2) that makes explicit the inclusion and exclusion criteria for SRs, 3) that includes an explicit sear.
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Martin, Lucia, Anna Risi Vianna Crespo, and Juan Manuel Puerta. Approach Paper: Evaluation of PROCIDADES. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010598.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the creation of the facility, 22 projects for over US$500 million have been approved, and about half of the approved amounts have been either disbursed or cancelled. Therefore, the time is now ripe for taking stock of the PROCIDADES facility. In doing so, OVE's independent evaluation will not only validate the findings of the self-evaluation, but it will also address some new questions not raised there. For instance, the evaluation will look at the strategies to generate demand from the municipalities, the cost and benefits for the bank, and the importance of political cycles for the effectiveness of the projects. In general, the evaluation exercise has two overarching objectives: to assess PROCIDADES as a lending facility and evaluate the extent to which it achieved its objectives; and to analyze, to the extent possible, the impact on the municipalities benefiting from the program.
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Robinson, Richard N. S., Matt Brenner, Tin Doan, Nik Steffens, Jason Lodge, and Shelagh Mooney. The Mental Health and Wellbeing of Chefs in Commercial Kitchens: An Australasian Study. Auckland University of Technology, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/10292/17072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following earlier qualitative research on chefs’ mental health and wellbeing from some members of the project team, this Australasian study sought to complement that work but also to quantify aspects of chefs’ wellbeing in the mid and post COVID-19 context. Surveys were disseminated via various channels, including peak culinary associations, educator networks and social media. After data cleansing, 300 completed surveys were retained for analysis: 226 from Australian and 74 from New Zealand / Aotearoa. Highest participation rates were from culinarians with less than three years cooking experience and those with greater than 21 years in professional kitchens. There was a higher education level than expected from respondents, which may be a self-selection bias in terms of willingness to complete a technical survey. Generally, the Australian and New Zealand / Aotearoa economic, social and industrial contexts are similar. Given this and due to the higher number of Australian respondents, we have benchmarked some findings to the Australian general population. Highlights from the findings showed a high rate of presenteeism, that is ‘working when sick’, which is disconcerting in the mid and post-COVID-19 context. The sample generally reported characteristics associated with poor lifestyle and health habits. These included low consumption of breakfast, low rates of regular to moderate levels of exercise, a less than recommended number of hours slept on a work night, and negative perceptions of their sleep quality. Interestingly, this contrasted with generally high self-reported perceptions of respondents’ own overall health. Other lifestyle factors did not match respondent’s optimistic views about their health. Higher rates of tobacco smoking than in the Australian and New Zealand / Aotearoa general population were reported. The alcohol consumption rates of the chef respondents were generally in line with those reported for the general population of Australia, with a few exceptions. For instance, nearly 7% of the chefs noted drinking daily in comparison to the rate of 5% for the general population. Similarly, 18% of the chefs reported drinking 1-2 days a week which is slightly higher than the rate of 17% reported for the general population of Australia. Similarly, 15% of the chefs indicated consuming alcohol 3-4 days a week which is higher than the rate of 11% reported for the general population of Australia. Finally, the general population chose to abstain from alcohol at a much higher rate (23%) than the nearly 15% reported by the chef respondents. Contrarily, cannabis use for non-medical purposes amongst the chefs was considerably lower than the general population. Similarly low rates of consumption were reported for a range of other illicit drugs. The survey included numerous scientific measures for individual wellbeing, organisational factors and outcomes. Although overall individual wellbeing, according to several measures, for the sample was in the lower range of normal, a fifth of the sample showed poorer outcomes which brought the overall rating down. Resilience among chefs was also lower than average.
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Harris, Jeremy, Thomas Liebig, and David Khoudour, eds. How Do Migrants Fare in Latin America and the Caribbean?: Mapping Socio-Economic Integration. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the last decade, the migration landscape in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has changed significantly. In this context, the socio-economic integration of immigrants is an increasingly high priority on the regional development and policy agenda. For this reason, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) have collaborated on this joint exercise that builds on OECDs previous experience in measuring migrant inclusion as well as IDBs expertise in building data around the state of migration in Latin America and the Caribbean, and UNDPs presence on the ground and experience working with national and local governments in the region to advance their development priorities. This report provides a general overview of the state of socio-economic integration of migrants in 12 LAC countries by 2021. It presents a series of quantitative indicators related with, for instance, labor market informality, self-employment, youth employment, school attendance, reading literacy and living conditions. This exercise also relies on selected policy indicators that shed light on the regulatory framework within which migrants integration takes place. The objective is to provide decisionmakers and policymakers in host countries with useful indicators to better understand where the gaps are in terms of migrants integration and to help them identify the areas where they should focus their efforts and scarce resources.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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Morkun, Volodymyr S., Сергій Олексійович Семеріков, and Svitlana M. Hryshchenko. Use of the system Moodle in the formation of ecological competence of future engineers with the use of geoinformation technologies. Видавництво “CSITA”, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/718.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At present the information and communication technologies in education can be a catalyst in solving important social problems connected with increasing the educational resources and services availability and quality, real and equal opportunities in getting education for citizens despite their residence, social status and income. One of the most important education tasks is to develop students’ active cognitive attitude to knowledge. Cognitive activity in universities is a necessary stage in preparing for further professional life. The solution of task of formation of ecological competence of mining profile engineer requires the reasonable selection of the means of information and communication technologies conducing formation of ecological competence. Pressing task is constructive and research approach to preparation of future engineers to performance of professional duties in order to make them capable to develop engineering projects independently and exercise control competently. The relevance of the material covered in the article, due to the need to ensure the effectiveness of the educational process in the preparation of the future Mining Engineers. We analyze the source with problems of formation of ecological competence. The article focuses mainly general-purpose computer system support learning Moodle, which allows you to organize individual and collective work of students to master the specialized course teaching material used in teaching special course "Environmental Geoinformatics" in the implementation of educational research.
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Grieco, Kevin. Can Rural Property Tax Generate Revenue? A Simple Accounting Exercise in Sierra Leone. Institute of Development Studies, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How should governments in sub-Saharan Africa boost their own-source revenue? In this research note I explore the decision of policymakers to expand property taxation into rural areas in the context of developing countries. A policymaker weighing the costs and benefits of rural taxation must first consider the potential net revenue that can be extracted from rural areas. Ultimately, this is an empirical question that requires reliable data on the costs and potential revenue associated with rural taxation. Unfortunately, little such reliable data exists. In this project, I seek to fill this gap by measuring village-level costs and potential revenue associated with property taxation in Kono District in rural Sierra Leone. Based on a set of simulations, I find that property tax in poor, sparsely-populated rural areas can generate positive net revenue. While these gains are modest, they can provide a meaningful source of local government revenue in a context where incomes are near the bottom of the global distribution, and where there are potentially large returns to government spending. These simulations also highlight several features of rural tax collection. First, to increase net revenue, policymakers should prioritise increasing compliance over reducing collection costs. Second, I show that much of the revenue generated from rural taxation is likely to come from a small subset of the total villages. Third, I highlight several trade-offs between salary-based and pay-for-performance (PFP) models of tax collector compensation. I conclude by situating these results in policymakers’ broader calculus for taxing rural areas.