Готові списки джерел за темами / Environmental scales

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Environmental scales"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Environmental scales"

1

Wainwright, John, Thackwray S. Driver, and Graham P. Chapman. "Time-Scales and Environmental Change." Geographical Journal 163, no. 3 (November 1997): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3059749.

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2

Dalby, Simon. "Mastering scales of environmental regulation." Dialogues in Human Geography 2, no. 3 (November 2012): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820612461611.

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3

Åkerman, Maria, and Taru Peltola. "Temporal scales and environmental knowledge production." Landscape and Urban Planning 61, no. 2-4 (November 2002): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(02)00109-3.

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4

Lichtveld, Covert, Sherman, Shankar, Wickliffe, and Alcala. "Advancing Environmental Health Literacy: Validated Scales of General Environmental Health and Environmental Media-Specific Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 4157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214157.

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Environmental health literacy (EHL) involves understanding and using environmental information to make decisions about health. This study developed a validated survey instrument with four scales for assessing media-specific (i.e., air, food, water) and general EHL. The four scales were created as follows: 1) item generation: environmental health scientists and statisticians developed an initial set of items in three domains: knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors; 2) item review: items were reviewed for face validity; 3) validation: 174 public health students, the exploratory sample, and 98 community members, the test sample, validated the scales. The scales’ factor structure was based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and model fit was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). For each scale, the final EFA resulted in an independent three-factor solution for knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Good fit for the three-factor structure was observed. Model fit for CFA was generally confirmed with fit indices. The scales showed internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha from 0.63 to 0.70. The 42-item instrument represents an important contribution towards assessing EHL and is designed to enable meaningful engagement between researchers and community members about environmental health. The intended outcome is sustained community–academic partnerships benefiting research design, implementation, translation, dissemination, and community action.
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5

Chang, Chew-Hung, and Gillian Kidman. "Considering geographical and environmental education at scales." International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education 30, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2021.1912969.

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6

Lettoof, D. C., K. Rankenburg, B. J. McDonald, N. J. Evans, P. W. Bateman, F. Aubret, and M. M. Gagnon. "Snake scales record environmental metal(loid) contamination." Environmental Pollution 274 (April 2021): 116547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116547.

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7

Richter, O., and B. Diekkrüger. "Translating environmental xenobiotic fate models across scales." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 1, no. 4 (December 31, 1997): 895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-1-895-1997.

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Abstract. The classical models developed for degradation and transport of xenobiotics have been derived with the assumption of homogeneous environments. Unfortunately, deterministic models function well in the laboratory under homogeneous conditions but such homogeneous conditions often do not prevail in the field. A possible solution is the incorporation of the statistical variation of soil parameters into deterministic process models. This demands the development of stochastic models of spatial variability. To this end, spatial soil parameter fields are conceived as the realisation of a random spatial process. Extrapolation of local fine scale models to large heterogeneous fields is achieved by coupling deterministic process models with random spatial field models.
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8

El-Daoushy, F., and R. Garcia-Tenorio. "Radionuclide time-scales and recent environmental changes." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 46, no. 6-7 (June 1995): 627–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-8043(95)00113-1.

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Lijklema, Lambertus. "Dimensions and scales." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 3 (February 1, 1998): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0162.

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Анотація:
Phenomena in the environment occur on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This puts certain demands on the ways we perform research and model systems. Transverse mixing in rivers and internal loading of lakes with phosphates are examples illustrating certain features. Time lags in both ecosystems and in society in combination tend to postpone the solution of environmental problems. Eutrophication serves as an example.
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10

Green, David R., Giles Foody, and Paul Curran. "Environmental Remote Sensing from Regional to Global Scales." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 20, no. 2 (1995): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/622439.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Environmental scales"

1

Jordan, Benjamin Raines. "Sustainability at multiple scales: interactions between environment, economic and social indicators at the country, city and manufacturing facility scale." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43717.

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The simplicity of the Environmental Kuznets (EKC) curve concept motivated this study of the relationships between environmental, economic and social indicators at the country, city/regional and manufacturing facility scale. The study builds on almost 20 years of research on the EKC, which has shown conflicting results for confirmation of the EKC hypothesis that the environment first degrades, then improves, with increasing economic wealth. Most EKC studies use country-scale income or GDP as the primary economic indicator of interest; this study experiments with city/regional GDP at the local scale and a country-scale "market maturity" indicator commonly used by the corporation studied. The manufacturing facility scale analysis is new territory in the EKC literature. Firm-scale studies in the past have been just that, evaluating firm environmental performance across a specific industry. This effort evaluates manufacturing facility performance within the same firm across a set of 21 countries of interest to the corporation. This study is unique in a few other ways. Including multiple scales in the same study is not common in the EKC literature. Typically, a study would focus on one or a few indicators at one specific scale. The actual environmental and social outcome variables used here are also somewhat unique. Generally speaking, the results reported here will fall into the "mixed" bucket relative to the 20 years of existing EKC literature; however, a possible research platform is established based on the possible nesting of multiple scales within the same research effort.
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2

Harley, Christopher David Grant. "Environmental modification of biological interactions : a comparison across scales /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5271.

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3

Alvarado, Claudia. "ENVIRONMENTAL INGREDIENTS FOR DISASTER: DEVELOPING AND VALIDATING THE ALVARADO WORK ENVIRONMENT SCALE OF TOXICITY." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/406.

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Анотація:
Leadership has been a much studied area within industrial and organizational psychology. Recently, scholars have begun to focus on the negative side of leadership; however, a lack of research has limited our understanding of toxic leadership. One step forward in this domain has been the development of the toxic triangle, which posits that toxic leaders are aided by toxic followers with a toxic environment. Although the leader has been studied within this triangle, relatively little has been researched regarding the follower or the environment. Specifically, that there has been a lack of research in the organizational environment that allows the rise of toxic leaders is concerning. In this study, a toxic work environment scale was developed to help capture pieces of organizational environments that contribute to the rise of toxic leadership. A refined scale was used along with a qualitative piece. Four other scales were used to establish convergent and divergent validity. From the results of this study, although refinement is needed, support for three of the dimensions was found: favoritism, perceived threat, and overall organizational climate. Additionally, through the qualitative portion, additional themes that emerged (e.g., bullying) could be utilized in future use of measures to help assess toxic work environment features. Finally, I recommend that researchers interested in the toxic triangle endeavor to conduct studies that examine all elements simultaneously.
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4

Holland, Timothy. "Economic inequality and biodiversity loss: an examination at two scales." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18712.

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Анотація:
Human activity is causing rapid loss of biodiversity. Although the direct drivers of this are well understood, the indirect socio-economic drivers are not. This thesis examines the role of economic inequality in predicting rates of biodiversity loss at two different scales. First, I perform a cross-national analysis of the proportion of plant and vertebrate species that are threatened, as defined by the IUCN (World Conservation Union) red lists. Second, I examine the role of land cover and socio- economic variables in determining trends in bird species richness in the USA. At the international scale, inequality is consistently an important predictor: the proportion of species threatened is higher in countries that have higher inequality, all else being equal. At the smaller scale of the US, socio-economic variables can explain up to 20% of the variation in species richness. However, inequality does not significantly improve this prediction.
Présentement, l'activité humaine cause une perte rapide de la biodiversité. Alors que les causes directes de cela sont bien comprises, les causes socio-économiques indirectes ne le sont pas. Le rôle des inégalités économiques dans la prédiction des taux de perte de biodiversité sera examiné à deux échelles différentes dans la présente étude. D'abord, il sera question d'une analyse transnationale de la proportion d'espèces végétales et d'espèces vertébrées qui sont menacées, tel que définit par la liste rouge de l'UICN (Union mondiale pour la nature). Ensuite, le rôle de la couverture terrestre ainsi que celui des variables socio-économiques seront examinés afin de déterminer les tendances de l'abondance des espèces aviennes aux États-Unis. À l'échelle internationale et de façon constante, les inégalités sont un prédicteur. À toute autre qualité égale, la proportion d'espèces menacées est plus élevée dans les pays qui ont de plus grandes inégalités. À la plus petite échelle de l'étude, les variables socio-économiques peuvent expliquer près de 20% de la variation. Cependant, l'inégalité économique n'améliore pas considérablement la prédiction.
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5

Wild, Simon. "North Atlantic winter wind storm variability across different time scales." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8466/.

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In this thesis atmospheric and oceanic conditions important for the development of wind storms on different time scales are analysed. The potential usefulness and limitations of seasonal prediction models and long-term reanalyses with respect to wind storm frequency is investigated and sources of potential seasonal predictability of wind storm frequency are discussed. On the synoptic scale tropospheric growth conditions such as baroclinicity, latent heat and upper level divergence show greater magnitudes of one standard deviation on average compared to all extra-tropical cyclones. Mid-latitude Rossby waves show generally greater amplitudes for different wave numbers during wind storm events. Greater amplitudes are also found in wave numbers not typically associated with storm track activity. The analysis of extra-tropical cyclones and wind storms on the seasonal scale reveal positive, significant skill for some European regions in state-of-the-art seasonal prediction models. North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SST) are shown to be a source of seasonal predictability and a potential reason for the achieved skill for wind storm frequency predictions in reanalysis and AMIP-type sensitivity experiments. The role of tropical Pacific and Atlantic SST for the record number of wind storms over the UK in winter 2013/14 is discussed.
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6

Helps, Paul A. "Scales of heterogeneities and equilibrium volumes in granitoid magmas." Thesis, Kingston University, 2009. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20416/.

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Chemical, textural, and isotopic heterogeneity within granitic magmas/rocks, and their extrusive equivalents, are common phenomena. This is to be expected since the source materials, from which the granitic magmas were created by partial melting, are themselves heterogeneous. Micro-sampling of feldspar crystals within granites has revealed complex internal Sr and Nd isotope variations thought to reveal subtle variations in the isotopic composition of the melt from which particular zones crystallised. These previous studies provide evidence of both macro-scale (regional) and micro-scale isotopic variation within granitic magmas. What is unknown is the scale and nature of chemical and isotopic variation occurring on the meso-scale (metre, decametre, hectometre). In this study, high-precision geochemical and isotopic (Sr, Nd, and O) data is obtained for spatially well-constrained samples, from three granitic intrusions from the UK, to study the scales over which isotope heterogeneities are preserved, and the maximum volumes of magma over which isotope and elemental homogenisation may have been achieved. This information provides important constraints on the physical and chemical characteristics of processes that occur during magma genesis, ascent, and emplacement. The regional-scale geochemical and isotopic heterogeneity in the Criffell pluton (SW Scotland) has been well documented and ascribed to 'incomplete hybridisation' between magmas derived from the melting of mantle and/or 'new' basic crust and metasediments. Sampling on the 10 to 100 m scale in this study demonstrates major-, trace- and rare earth element homogeneity between samples of similar petrography. Within the Dalbeattie Quarry granodiorite, subtle heterogeneity in initial ([sup]87Sr/[sup]86Sr)[sub]397 Ma compositions exist (0.70582 to 0.70615), between samples collected ~ 150 m apart. The small-scale heterogeneity is outside of analytical error (± 0.0001). [delta][sup]18O heterogeneity also occurs on similar small scales (~ 120 m), with values ranging from 8.9 to 10.7 %. The larger error on the [epsilon][sub]Nd(397 Ma) values do not allow any small-scale heterogeneity to be resolved. The geochemical and isotopic heterogeneity of the Cairnsmore of Fleet pluton, another Southern Upland granite, is also well known, and considered to be a result of similar processes to that of Criffell. This study demonstrates that the Cairnsmore granite is more petrographically variable in terms of grain-size, mafic/felsic mineral proportions, and accessory mineral assemblages over scales ranging between 100 and 350 m. The existence of more petrographic and geochemical heterogeneities on smaller scales suggests that homogenisation processes were less effective in this pluton compared to Criffell. On scales < 1 km, ([sup]87Sr/[sup]86Sr)[sub]392 Ma compositions and [epsilon][sub]Nd(397 Ma) values are essentially homogeneous. Forest Track samples PAHCF23 (0.70796) and PAHCF25A (0.70672) are ~ 1 km apart and can only just be distinguished outside of analytical error. However, [delta][sup]18O data demonstrate the existence of both regional-scale and locality-scale [delta][sup]18O heterogeneity on the 100 m, decametre and even cm-scale (8.3 to 9.7%0, error ± 0.1%0). The two main granite varieties of the Dartmoor pluton (SW England) are generally, homogeneous in terms of their petrography and geochemistry on 100 m, decametre, meter and even cm scale. However, isotope heterogeneity, outside of analytical error is shown to exist on even the cm-scale. The samples PAHD34A and P AHD34B, from Blackenstone Quarry, have ([sup]87Sr/[sup]86Sr)[sub]280Ma compositions of O.70949 and 0.71292 respectively, and were collected 50 cm apart. Samples PAHD35A and PAHD35B have ([sup]87Sr/[sup]86Sr)[sub]280 Ma compositions of 0.70960 and 0.71205, and were collected 100 cm apart. Variation in [delta][sup]18O and [epsilon][sub]Nd(280 Ma) values also exist. PAHD34A and PAHD34B have [delta][sup]180 compositions of 10.01 and 10.98 %0 (± 0.1%0), and SNd(280 Ma) values of -3.8 and -3.3 (± 0.2), respectively. Either the distinct magma batches, that coalesced to form the pluton, were much smaller in Dartmoor (compared to the Criffell and Cairnsmore plutons), or these heterogeneities may represent volumes of magma, within larger domains, that escaped homogenisation by mixing and diffusion. The existence of discrete, isotopically distinct batches of magma within the Criffell, Cairnsmore and Dartmoor plutons favours the dyke model for granitoid magma ascent through a pulsed magma delivery, in which separate magma batches (or pulses) coalesce to form plutons at or near their final emplacement levels. The scale over which such magma pulses can still be recognised varies within each pluton. The magma pulses are likely to have been larger in size, but subsequent homogenisation processes in the chambers led to a reduction in their size. However, homogenisation was not complete. In all three plutons, it is generally only the isotope ratios that display significant small-scale heterogeneity. Processes such as fractional crystallisation, are considered to be secondary, overprinting geochemical and isotopic heterogeneity from much deeper regions.
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7

Vasseur, David Alan. "Temporal and hierarchical scales mediate environmental and ecological variability in food webs." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102226.

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Анотація:
Temporal changes in the environmental conditions upon which life depend are ubiquitous in nature, acting at every level of organisation from cells to ecosystems. Although the actions themselves are often poorly understood, they strongly depend on the temporal and hierarchical (organisational) scales at which they are measured; ecosystems are relatively stable through time while their species composition may undergo vast changes. Likewise any hierarchical level may be relatively stable in the short-term, but undergo vast long-term changes. This thesis aims to better understand the importance of these scales for mediating the impact of environmental variability on ecological systems.
The approach used herein employs both mathematical models and empirical data which represent food webs responding to environmental variability at different hierarchical scales. Within each of these representative food webs, the influence of environmental variability on the stability of the food web is determined using an approach which accounts for the effects of temporal scale. This thesis demonstrates that the stability of simple model food webs (high hierarchical scale) is tightly linked to environmental variability and the temporal scales at which these changes occur dictate which species in the model are most affected. At lower scales of organisation, empirical data indicate that environmental variability generally has a lesser impact on stability and that only certain temporal scales are responsible for this trend. At these temporal scales some species respond differently to environmental variability, negative changes in one species (or group) are offset by positive changes in another - a process known as compensation. These results highlight the importance of both temporal and hierarchical scale in mediating the response of food webs to environmental variability. Ultimately, they will serve to better understand how models and experiments should scale-up from low to high hierarchical and temporal scales.
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8

Khanna, Vikas. "Environmental and Risk Assessment at Multiple Scales with Application to Emerging Nanotechnologies." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1245316311.

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9

Luhar, Mitul. "Analytical and experimental studies of plant-flow interaction at multiple scales." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78142.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-171).
Across scales ranging from individual blades to river reaches, the interaction between water flow and vegetation has important ecological and engineering implications. At the reach-scale, vegetation is often the largest source of hydraulic resistance. Based on a simple momentum balance, we show that the resistance produced by vegetation depends primarily on the fraction of the channel cross-section blocked by vegetation. For the same blockage, the specific distribution of vegetation also plays a role; a large number of small patches generates more resistance than a single large patch. At the patch-scale, velocity and turbulence levels within the canopy set water renewal and sediment resuspension. We consider both steady currents and wave-induced flows. For steady flows, the flow structure is significantly affected by canopy density. We define sparse and dense canopies based on the relative contribution of turbulent stress and canopy drag to the momentum balance. Within sparse canopies, velocity and turbulent stress remain elevated and the rate of sediment suspension is comparable to that in unvegetated regions. Within dense canopies, velocity and turbulent stress are reduced by canopy drag, and the rate of sediment resuspension is lower. Unlike steady flows, wave-induced oscillatory flows are not significantly damped within vegetated canopies. Further, our laboratory and field measurements show that, despite being driven by a purely oscillatory flow, a mean current in the direction of wave propagation is generated within the canopy. This mean current is forced by a wave stress, similar to the streaming observed in wave boundary layers. At the blade-scale, plant-flow interaction sets posture and drag. Through laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, we show that posture is set by a balance between the hydrodynamic forcing and the restoring forces due to blade stiffness and buoyancy. When the hydrodynamic forcing is small compared to the restoring forces, the blades remain upright in flow and a standard quadratic law predicts the relationship between drag and velocity. When the hydrodynamic forcing exceeds the restoring forces, the blades are pushed over in steady flow, and move with oscillatory flow. For this limit, we develop new scaling laws that link drag with velocity.
by Mitul Luhar.
Ph.D.
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10

MacDonald, Graham. "Understanding human impacts on the phosphorus cycle: implicatons for agronomic and environmental management at multiple scales." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114154.

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Анотація:
Modern agriculture has led to fundamental changes in the phosphorus (P) cycle that pose agronomic and environmental challenges at all scales. Phosphorus is a non-renewable resource that is critical to food production because of its role as an essential plant nutrient. At the same time, P runoff from agricultural systems contributes to water quality degradation worldwide. Recent research has begun to illuminate the dimensions of P use in agriculture and its broader sustainability implications, yet there is limited understanding of how these disparate issues are connected across scales. In this thesis, I explore important knowledge gaps related to spatial and temporal changes in P flows due to human activity, their drivers, and some of the implications for large-scale management of soil P and water quality. With the first study, I conducted a global analysis to better understand the contemporary distribution of agronomic P use for croplands. The spatially detailed results revealed that disparities in the magnitude of P applied to cropland soils as fertilizer and manure relative to crop P use occur across most regions, but with considerable spatial variation. Although inputs of P fertilizer (14.2 Tg of P/yr) and manure (9.6 Tg of P/yr) collectively exceeded P removal by harvested crops (12.3 Tg of P/yr) at the global scale, P deficits covered almost 30% of the global cropland area. I then present a comprehensive analysis of the United States agricultural system, exploring how globalization exacerbates changes to regional P cycling. This study considered how limited national P fertilizer supplies are allocated at the interface between trade, biofuel production, and diets. Total mineral P used in the US can be traced predominantly to accumulation in domestic agricultural soils (28%), post-harvest losses (40%), or biofuel refining (10%). Only 8% of mineral P use was ultimately consumed in domestic diets, while one quarter of domestic P fertilizer use was allocated to producing exports. In turn, agriculturally-driven changes in soil P pools could have long-term ecological implications given the slow cycling of P in some soils. I conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to assess evidence for these legacy effects throughout the world, indicated by either enriched or depleted soil labile and total P pools following agricultural abandonment. This global meta-analysis revealed potentially large and enduring legacies of past agriculture on soil P pools across different regions and soil types, but with some reduction in the magnitude of these changes over time since abandonment. Finally, I considered the roles of watershed anthropogenic and biophysical characteristics on P loading to lakes to aid in the development of large scale lake eutrophication risk models. I used a multi-faceted statistical approach with recent global land use and hydrological data to predict lakewater total phosphorus (TP) concentrations across a representative sample of >1000 lakes worldwide. Global lake TP predictions from three unique statistical methods explained from 50% to as much as 79% of the variation in observed TP, with relatively low error rates. Collectively, this work sheds new insight on agricultural modifications to the global P cycle arising from past and present nutrient management as well as how these might influence both soil P pools and water quality over time. There is growing need to balance local context (e.g., soil types, management histories, and livestock densities) with the cumulative implications these have on limited P reserves at the national or global level (e.g., closing regional P imbalances and accounting for the effects of trade). Greater attention to the spatial variation in both problems and solutions related to P, as well as their complex temporal dimensions, will be essential for advancing the science and policies needed to achieve greater P sustainability in agriculture while simultaneously ensuring healthy aquatic ecosystems.
L'agriculture moderne a fondamentalement changée le cycle du phosphore (P) d'une façon qui dorénavant pose des défis agronomiques et environnementaux à toutes les échelles. Le P est une ressource non renouvelable qui est d'une importance cruciale à la production alimentaire car c'est essentiel pour les plantes. En même temps, les pertes de P à partir des terres agricoles dans l'eau de ruissellement contribuent à la dégradation de la qualité de l'eau dans le monde entier. J'explore des lacunes importantes au niveau de nos connaissances liées aux changements spatiaux et temporels dans le mouvement du P due à l'activité humaine, leurs causes, et quelques-unes des implications pour la gestion du P dans le sol et de la qualité de l'eau à grande échelle. Premierement, j'ai effectué une analyse à l'échelle globale sur les implications de l'utilisation du P agronomique sur les sols agricoles et sur la distribution actuelle du P dans les sols agricoles. Les résultats spatiaux démontré qu'il y a une disparité entre la quantité de P appliqué aux terres agricoles comme engrais chimiques et comme fumier et le P incorporé dans les récoltes agricoles dans la plus part des régions du monde, mais que l'ampleur de cette disparité varie considérablement entre ces régions. Bien qu'à l'échelle global l'application de P comme engrais (14,2 Tg P/an) et comme fumier (9,6 Tg P/an) collectivement dépasse le P incorporé dans les récoltes agricoles (12,3 Tg P/an), un déficit de P est présent sur près de 30% de la superficie mondiale des terres cultivées. J'ai ensuite effectué une étude approfondie du système agricole des États-Unis et ses partenaires commerciaux afin de comprendre comment la mondialisation exacerbe les changements dans le cycle du P régionale. Le P minéral utilisé aux États-Unis peut être tracée principalement à une accumulation dans les sols agricoles domestiques (28%), les pertes après la récolte (40%), ainsi que la production de bio carburant (10%). Seulement 8% de ce P minéral a été consommée comme nourritures aux Etats-Unis, mais un quart de la demande national d'engrais de P a été alloué à la production d'exportations. Les changements causés par agriculture sur les réservoirs de P dans sols pourraient également avoir des implications écologiques à long terme contenu de la lente vitesse à laquelle le cycle du P a lieu dans certains sols. J'ai mené une méta-analyse exhaustive des études existantes pour comprendre le rôle de l'héritage de présence de culture agricoles sur les réservoirs de P dans des sols après l'abandon agricole à travers le monde. Finalement, j'ai considéré les facteurs anthropologiques déterminants l'accumulation de P dans les lacs en comparaison avec le rôle des caractéristiques biophysiques des bassins versants afin d'aider à l'élaboration de modèles sur le risque d'eutrophisation. J'ai utilisé une approche à multiples facettes statistique pour prédire les concentrations de phosphore total (PT) pour d'un échantillon (> 1000) de lacs dans le monde entier, à partir de cartes d'utilisation des terres mondiale et de données hydrologiques courante. Mondialement les prédictions de PT dans les lacs, à partir de trois approches statistiques uniques, expliquent entre 50% et 79% de la variation observée dans le PT. Collectivement, ce travail illustre comment les modifications agricoles du cycle du P mondiale peuvent être comprit en examinant la gestion du P dans le passé et le présent ainsi que la façon dont cette gestion peut influencer les réserves du P dans les sols et la qualité de l'eau à travers le temps. Une plus grande attention à la variation spatiale dans les deux dimensions de cette problématique et les solutions liés au P, ainsi que leurs dimensions temporelles complexes, sera essentielle pour faire progresser à la fois la science et les politiques nécessaires pour parvenir à une plus grande durabilité dans la gestion du P dans l'agriculture tout en veillant à la santé des écosystèmes aquatiques.
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Книги з теми "Environmental scales"

1

1969-, Driver Thackwray S., and Chapman Graham, eds. Time-scales and environmental change. London: Routledge, 1996.

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McClure, Mark S. Controlling hemlock scales with least environmental impact. New Haven, Conn: Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 1987.

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McClure, Mark S. Controlling hemlock scales with least environmental impact. New Haven, Conn: Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 1987.

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4

Giles, Foody, and Curran Paul J. 1955-, eds. Environmental remote sensing from regional to global scales. Chichester: J. Wiley, 1994.

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M, Foody Giles, and Curran Paul J. 1955-, eds. Environmental remote sensing from regional to global scales. Chichester: Wiley, 1994.

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6

K, Michener William, Brunt James W, and Stafford Susan G. 1952-, eds. Environmental information management and analysis: Ecosystem to global scales. London: Taylor & Francis, 1994.

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7

Jayajit, Chakraborty, ed. Balancing the scales: Spatial and environmental justice in Tampa Bay. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2010.

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8

Mannion, Antoinette M. Indices of environmental change at global, regional and national scales. Reading, UK: University of Reading, 1999.

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9

Farkouh, Deena Katharina. Feathers, hair and fish scales: Prospects for biomonitoring environmental metal burdens. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Biology, 1989.

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10

Lambin, Eric F. Spatial scales, desertification and environmental perception in the Bougouriba region (Burkina Faso). Boston: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1992.

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Частини книг з теми "Environmental scales"

1

Pontius, Jennifer, and Alan McIntosh. "Working Across Scales." In Critical Skills for Environmental Professionals, 129–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28542-5_12.

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2

Volta, G., and A. Servida. "Environmental Indicators and Measurement Scales." In Eurocourses, 181–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2528-4_10.

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3

Cook, Dianne, Carolina Cruz-Neira, Bradley D. Kohlmeyer, Uli Lechner, Nicholas Lewin, Laura Nelson, Anthony Olsen, Sue Pierson, and Jürgen Symanzik. "Exploring Environmental Data in a Highly Immersive Virtual Reality Environment." In Monitoring Ecological Condition at Regional Scales, 441–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4976-1_34.

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4

Bonnett, S. A. F., P. J. Maxfield, A. A. Hill, and M. D. F. Ellwood. "Biogeochemistry in the Scales." In Mathematical Advances Towards Sustainable Environmental Systems, 129–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43901-3_7.

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5

Douglas, Marianne S. V., and John P. Smol. "Siliceous Protozoan Plates and Scales." In Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, 265–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47668-1_13.

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Haila, Yrjö. "Environmental Problems, Ecological Scales and Social Deliberation." In Co-operative Environmental Governance, 65–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5143-6_4.

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7

Pryor, Donald, Rosina Bierbaum, and Jerry Melillo. "Environmental Monitoring and Research Initiative: A Priority Activity for the Committee on Environmental and Natural Resources." In Monitoring Ecological Condition at Regional Scales, 3–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4976-1_1.

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8

Landsberg, J. H., B. A. Blakesley, R. O. Reese, G. Mcrae, and P. R. Forstchen. "Parasites of Fish as Indicators of Environmental Stress." In Monitoring Ecological Condition at Regional Scales, 211–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4976-1_17.

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9

Laskowski, Stanley L., and Frederick W. Kutz. "Environmental Data in Decision Making in EPA Regional Offices." In Monitoring Ecological Condition at Regional Scales, 15–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4976-1_2.

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10

Price, Kent S. "A Framework for a Delaware Inland Bays Environmental Classification." In Monitoring Ecological Condition at Regional Scales, 285–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4976-1_22.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Environmental scales"

1

Chu, Xuefeng, and Noah Habtezion. "Applications of the Green-Ampt Method across Scales." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.031.

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Leelaruban, Navaratnam, G. Padmanabhan, Peter Oduor, and Adnan Akyuz. "Uncertainty in Drought Reporting across Different Spatial Scales." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481400.027.

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Giannopoulos, Christos P., A. N. (Thanos) Papanicolaou, and B. K. Abban. "Characteristic Spatiotemporal Scales of Runoff and Sediment at the Plot Scale: Implications to Sediment Transport Modeling." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480625.039.

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4

Hu, Peng, and Zhixian Cao. "Multiple Time Scales and Coupled Mathematical Modeling of Turbidity Currents." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)453.

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Wang, Z. H., Y. G. Wu, and L. Wan. "Controlling agriculture non-point source pollution on watershed scales." In International Conference on Earth Science and Environmental Protection (ICESEP2013). Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/icesep131261.

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6

Lai, Fu-hsiung, Jenny Zhen, John Riverson, Khalid Alvi, and Leslie Shoemaker. "Multiple Watershed Scales Approach for Placement of Best Management Practices in SUSTAIN." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)138.

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Neupauer, R. M., X. Qi, and Z. Wengrovius. "Using Wavelet Analysis to Identify Dominant Scales of Subsurface Flow and Transport." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)185.

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8

Nguyen, Van-Thanh-Van, and Truong-Huy Nguyen. "On Modeling of Extreme Rainfall Processes over a Wide Range of Time Scales." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2021. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483466.023.

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9

Yeh, Gour-Tsyh (George), Guobiao Hunag, and Hsin-Chi (Jerry) Lin. "A Fist Principle, Physics-Based Watershed Model of Various Temporal and Spatial Scales." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)237.

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10

Chen, Chia-Jeng, and Sharika U. S. Senarath. "Implications of SRTM- and ASTER-Based DEMs on Hydrologic Responses at Various Catchment Scales." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.227.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Environmental scales"

1

Mercer-Smith, Janet. Amanzi–ATS: Modeling Environmental Systems across Scales. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1657092.

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2

Kersting, Annie B. Environmental Transport of Plutonium: Biogeochemical Processes at Femtomolar Concentrations and Nanometer Scales. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1122237.

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3

Kersting, A., and M. Zavarin. Environmental Transport of Plutonium: Biogeochemical Processes at Femtomolar Concentrations and Nanometer Scales. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1150030.

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4

McKay, S. Is mean discharge meaningless for environmental flow management? Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45381.

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River ecosystems are highly dependent on and responsive to hydrologic variability over multiple time scales (e.g., hours, months, years). Fluctuating river flows present a key challenge to river managers, who must weigh competing demands for freshwater. Environmental flow recommendations and regulations seek to provide management targets balancing socio-economic outcomes with maintenance of ecological integrity. Often, flow management targets are based on average river conditions over temporal windows such as days, months, or years. Here, three case studies of hydrologic variability are presented at each time scale, which demonstrate the potential pitfalls of mean-based environmental flow criteria. Each case study shows that the intent of the environmental flow target is not met when hydrologic variability is considered. While mean discharge is inadequate as a single-minded flow management target, the consequences of mean flow prescriptions can be avoided in environmental flow recommendations. Based on these case studies, a temporal hierarchy of environmental flow thresholds is proposed (e.g., an instantaneous flow target coupled with daily and monthly averages), which would improve the efficacy of these regulations.
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5

Page, Martin, Bruce MacAllister, Marissa Campobasso, Angela Urban, Catherine Thomas, Clinton Cender, Clint Arnett, et al. Optimizing the Harmful Algal Bloom Interception, Treatment, and Transformation System (HABITATS). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42223.

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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) continue to affect lakes and waterways across the nation, often resulting in environmental and economic damage at regional scales. The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) and collaborators have continued research on the Harmful Algal Bloom Interception, Treatment, and Transformation System (HABITATS) project to develop a rapidly deployable and scalable system for mitigating large HABs. The second year of the project focused on optimization research, including (1) development of a new organic flocculant formulation for neutralization and flotation of algal cells; (2) testing and initial optimization of a new, high-throughput biomass dewatering system with low power requirements; (3) development, design, assembly, and initial testing of the first shipboard HABITATS prototype; (4) execution of two field pilot studies of interception and treatment systems in coordination with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; (5) conversion of algal biomass into biocrude fuel at pilot scale with a 33% increase in yield compared to the previous bench scale continuous-flow reactor studies; and (6) refinement of a scalability analysis and optimization model to guide the future development of full-scale prototypes.
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6

Verburg, Peter H., Žiga Malek, Sean P. Goodwin, and Cecilia Zagaria. The Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform: IEEM Platform Technical Guides: User Guide for the IEEM-enhanced Land Use Land Cover Change Model Dyna-CLUE. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003625.

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The Conversion of Land Use and its Effects modeling framework (CLUE) was developed to simulate land use change using empirically quantified relations between land use and its driving factors in combination with dynamic modeling of competition between land use types. Being one of the most widely used spatial land use models, CLUE has been applied all over the world on different scales. In this document, we demonstrate how the model can be used to develop a multi-regional application. This means, that instead of developing numerous individual models, the user only prepares one CLUE model application, which then allocates land use change across different regions. This facilitates integration with the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform for subnational assessments and increases the efficiency of the IEEM and Ecosystem Services Modeling (IEEMESM) workflow. Multi-regional modelling is particularly useful in larger and diverse countries, where we can expect different spatial distributions in land use changes in different regions: regions of different levels of achieved socio-economic development, regions with different topographies (flat vs. mountainous), or different climatic regions (dry vs humid) within a same country. Accounting for such regional differences also facilitates developing ecosystem services models that consider region specific biophysical characteristics. This manual, and the data that is provided with it, demonstrates multi-regional land use change modeling using the country of Colombia as an example. The user will learn how to prepare the data for the model application, and how the multi-regional run differs from a single-region simulation.
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Brodie, Katherine, Ian Conery, Nicholas Cohn, Nicholas Spore, and Margaret Palmsten. Spatial variability of coastal foredune evolution, part A : timescales of months to years. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41322.

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Coastal foredunes are topographically high features that can reduce vulnerability to storm-related flooding hazards. While the dominant aeolian, hydrodynamic, and ecological processes leading to dune growth and erosion are fairly well-understood, predictive capabilities of spatial variations in dune evolution on management and engineering timescales (days to years) remain relatively poor. In this work, monthly high-resolution terrestrial lidar scans were used to quantify topographic and vegetation changes over a 2.5 year period along a micro-tidal intermediate beach and dune. Three-dimensional topographic changes to the coastal landscape were used to investigate the relative importance of environmental, ecological, and morphological factors in controlling spatial and temporal variability in foredune growth patterns at two 50 m alongshore stretches of coast. Despite being separated by only 700 m in the alongshore, the two sites evolved differently over the study period. The northern dune retreated landward and lost volume, whereas the southern dune prograded and vertically accreted. The largest differences in dune response between the two sections of dunes occurred during the fall storm season, when each of the systems’ geomorphic and ecological properties modulated dune growth patterns. These findings highlight the complex eco-morphodynamic feedback controlling dune dynamics across a range of spatial scales.
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Duque, Earl, Steve Legensky, Brad Whitlock, David Rogers, Andrew Bauer, Scott Imlay, David Thompson, and Seiji Tsutsumi. Summary of the SciTech 2020 Technical Panel on In Situ/In Transit Computational Environments for Visualization and Data Analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40887.

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At the AIAA SciTech 2020 conference, the Meshing, Visualization and Computational Environments Technical Committee hosted a special technical panel on In Situ/In Transit Computational Environments for Visualization and Data Analytics. The panel brought together leading experts from industry, software vendors, Department of Energy, Department of Defense and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). In situ and in transit methodologies enable Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations to avoid the excessive overhead associated with data I/O at large scales especially as simulations scale to millions of processors. These methods either share the data analysis/visualization pipelines with the memory space of the solver or efficiently off load the workload to alternate processors. Using these methods, simulations can scale and have the promise of enabling the community to satisfy the Knowledge Extraction milestones as envisioned by the CFD Vision 2030 study for "on demand analysis/visualization of a 100 Billion point unsteady CFD simulation". This paper summarizes the presentations providing a discussion point of how the community can achieve the goals set forth in the CFD Vision 2030.
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Lance, Richard, and Xin Guan. Variation in inhibitor effects on qPCR assays and implications for eDNA surveys. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41740.

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Aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys are sometimes impacted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors. We tested varying concentrations of different inhibitors (humic, phytic, and tannic acids; crude leaf extracts) for impacts on quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays designed for eDNA surveys of bighead and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). We also tested for inhibition by high concentrations of exogenous DNA, hypothesizing that DNA from increasingly closely related species would be increasingly inhibitory. All tested inhibitors impacted qPCR, though only at very high concentrations — likely a function, in part, of having used an inhibitor-resistant qPCR solution. Closer phylogenetic relatedness resulted in inhibition at lower exogenous DNA concentrations, but not at relatively close phylogenetic scales. Inhibition was also influenced by the qPCR reporter dye used. Importantly, different qPCR assays responded differently to the same inhibitor concentrations. Implications of these results are that the inclusion of more than one assay for the same target taxa in an eDNA survey may be an important countermeasure against false negatives and that internal positive controls may not, in the absence of efforts to maximize inhibition compatibility, provide useful information about the inhibition of an eDNA assay.
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Singh, Nagendra, Joe Tuccillo, Christa Brelsford, Taylor Hauser, and Sujithkumar Surendrannair. An Environmental Justice Lens for Measuring Neighborhood Scale Vulnerability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1883825.

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