Готові списки джерел за темами / Environmental protection Antarctica

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Environmental protection Antarctica"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Environmental protection Antarctica"

1

Flores, Carolina. "An Ecological Reading of Sovereignty Claims in Antarctica." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 13, no. 1 (April 19, 2022): 210–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427_013010011.

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Abstract Article IV of the Antarctic Treaty has “frozen” the controversies over sovereignty in Antarctica. However, the seven States claiming sovereignty over the continent still have an important role in the Antarctic Treaty System. One of the areas where they show leadership is in environmental protection, which is a pivotal principle of Antarctica’s regime since the adoption of the Environmental Protocol in 1991. Their active role cannot be explained under a Westphalian interpretation of sovereignty, where states have absolute power over the exploitation of their natural resources. Notwithstanding, under a human-based interpretation of sovereignty, the conduct of the Claimant States may have a clearer explanation. This article will look into the practices of the Claimant States over the Antarctic to understand if and how their sovereignty claims may be linked to environmental protection.
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Beck, Peter J. "The 1991 UN session: the environmental protocol fails to satisfy the Antarctic Treaty System's critics." Polar Record 28, no. 167 (October 1992): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400028047.

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ABSTRACT1991 saw the ninth successive United Nations (UN) discussion on the ‘Question of Antarctica.’ The adoption of two more resolutions critical of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), including South African participation therein, reaffirmed the unchanging nature of the UN episode and the lack of consensus on the management of Antarctica. Key developments affecting Antarctica continue to occur away from New York: during 1990—91 the negotiations conducted at Vifia del Mar and Madrid for the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (PREP) and the measures agreed at the Bonn Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting proved the point. The critics of the ATS were appeased by neither PREP and its mining prohibition nor the recent dismantling of the apartheid regime in South Africa.Two UN reports were published on the state of the Antarctic environment as well as the proposed establishment of a UNsponsored research station in Antarctica. One resolution adopted in December 1991 called for annual UN reports on the Antarctic environment, although fiscal and other considerations meant that the research station proposal was effectively shelved. Another resolution urged South African exclusion from ATS meetings. The tenth annual UN discussion on Antarctica is scheduled for the close of 1992. There exists growing evidence that the critical campaign is losing momentum, although it seems premature to anticipate Antarctica's imminent demise as an UN agenda topic.
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3

Marks, Beth C., and James N. Barnes. "The Future of Antarctica under the Environmental Protocol." Journal of Environment & Development 2, no. 2 (June 1993): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659300200211.

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The continent of Antarctica holds immense value as a wilderness area and a repository of scientific knowledge. This report maintains that the Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection, signed in 1991, is a positive first step in ensuring that Antarctica preserves its status as a global scientific laboratory, wildlife refuge, and arena for international cooperation.
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4

Lyons, David. "Environmental impact assessment in Antarctica under the Protocol on Environmental Protection." Polar Record 29, no. 169 (April 1993): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400023561.

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ABSTRACTThe background to the development and implementation of environmental impact assessment procedures in Antarctica is reviewed and the principles and procedures of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (the Madrid Protocol of 1991) are outlined. The difficulties in determining the appropriate level of assessment and the practical, operational aspects of carrying out the evaluations are examined. Particular attention is given to the meaning of terminology in the Protocol, the interpretation of environmental principles and standards, alternatives to the proposed activity, the requirements for sufficient information, the process of obtaining and taking into account public comment, the monitoring of environmental indicators, and the practical implications where an activity needs to be suspended, cancelled, or modified. The workloads generated by the procedures and the credibility of the processes are discussed in view of a possible perception that the exercises may amount to little more than ‘red tape’ to justify decisions that would be taken in any case. Recommendations are made that could improve the EIA process in Antarctica.
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5

Birkenmajer, K. "The need for geological protection in Antarctica?" Antarctic Science 2, no. 4 (December 1990): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102090000402.

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During the past 30 years or so, the primary objects of environmental protection in Antarctica were living organisms such as penguins and seals, and their breeding grounds, terrestrial plants and their habitats. The ever growing threats to the icy continent, resulting from increasing human activities, lead SCAR, the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCPs), and recently also the Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programmes (COMNAP) to seek improved measures for conservation of the Antarctic fauna and flora, to actively participate in the preparation of conventions for protection of seals and other marine living organisms, and to elaborate a mandatory code for waste disposal.
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6

de Pomereu, Jean. "All but blank: Artistic approaches to human Antarctica." Polar Record 55, no. 5 (September 2019): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247419000421.

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AbstractThe visual arts have played an increasingly important role in examining and critiquing past and present human activities in Antarctica as governed by the Antarctic Treaty and its Protocol on Environmental protection. This paper analyses the work of six artists who have contributed to this scrutiny, awakening us to fabrications and helping to enrich Antarctic cultures beyond the scientific and the environmental. It encourages all signatory nations to the Antarctic Treaty System to embrace and empower a more diverse artistic engagement with Antarctica and suggests that artists find new ways to address threats to the Antarctic, whether they come from within and from without.
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7

Uryupova, Ekaterina, and Vasily Spiridonov. "Russia and the environmental protection of Antarctica: the 25th anniversary of the Madrid Protocol." Polar Record 53, no. 4 (June 19, 2017): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247417000250.

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ABSTRACTIn 2016, we marked the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Protocol on the Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, or the Madrid Protocol. The Protocol signalled a commitment to address issues of climate change and the protection of the Antarctic resources. Russia exerted appropriate efforts pursuant to scientific research programmes, tourism and all other governmental and non-governmental activities. In the light of the commemoration of the anniversary, this paper highlights major steps of the Russian Federation toward the implementation of the international agreement and application of scientific principles for environmental protection and management in Antarctica.
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8

Blay, Sam, and Julia Green. "The practicalities of domestic legislation to prohibit mining activity in Antarctica: a comment on the Australian perspective." Polar Record 30, no. 172 (January 1994): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400021008.

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AbstractAfter its rejection of the Minerals Convention adopted by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCPs) in 1988, Australia took a major step in its domestic law by enacting the Antarctic Mining Prohibition Act of 1991 (AMPA), to reinforce its general objection to mineral resource activities in Antarctica and its commitment to the protection ofthe Antarctic environment. With the adoption of the Protocol on Environmental Protectionto the Antarctic Treaty (the Madrid Protocol) – which required the parties to take steps to implement its provisions, including the enactment of domestic legislation – Australia enacted the Antarctic Treaty (Environmental Protection) Act (ATEPA). The ATEPA is meant to replace the AMPA once the Madrid Protocol comes into force. The Protocol bans mineral resource activities in Antarctica and adopts a comprehensive regime toregulate all human activity in Antarctica in an effort to protect the region's environment. As legislation to implement the Protocol, the principal objectives of the ATEPAare to prohibit mineral resource activities in the Australian Antarctic Territory and toregulate all human activity that may have a direct impact on the environment in the area. It also prohibits Australian nationals from engaging in mineral resource activities elsewhere in Antarctica. Like Australia, a number of ATCPs have either adopted legislationor are developing legislation in their domestic legal systems to implement the Protocol.It is one thing for the Protocol to demand the adoption of domestic legislation to ensure compliance with its provisions, including the ban on mining; it is quite another thingto develop effective domestic legislation on the issue. Given the absence of any knowncommercially exploitable deposits of minerals in Antarctica, the likelihood of any mineralresource activity in the region is very remote. But should mining activity occur in Antarctica in breach of the Protocol, the enforcement of the ban could be fraught with practical, legal, and policy difficulties. This paper examines the domestic legislative efforts by Australia as a leading ATCP to ban mining activity in Antarctica. Even though the discussion focuses on Australia by examining its legislation, the problems and the issues raised in the Australian context are also relevant to other ATCPs generally and to claimants in particular.
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9

Li, Xueping. "The Déjà vu System of International Trusteeship in Continental Antarctica: A Textual Analysis." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 12, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 108–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427_012010009.

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In the name of environmental protection, the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting seems to have borrowed the paradigm of international trusteeship of the United Nations for managing the Antarctic land-based protected areas. By comparing and analysing the critical questions highly concerned, this paper offers preliminary thoughts on the development and refinement of the conception of land-based protected areas as a déjà vu system of international trusteeship and its surrounding legal applications and implications in continental Antarctica, and challenges the direction followed by this system in protecting Antarctic intrinsic values in legal discourse.
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10

Redgwell, Catherine. "Environmental Protection in Antarctica: The 1991 Protocol." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 43, no. 3 (July 1994): 599–634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/43.3.599.

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Дисертації з теми "Environmental protection Antarctica"

1

Codling, Rosamunde Jill. "Wilderness and aesthetic values in the Antarctic." n.p, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/18867.

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2

Geisz, Heidi N. C. "Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) as Tracers of Environmental Change and Antarctic Seabird Ecology." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616664.

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Antarctic seabirds including Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), south polar skuas (Catharacta maccormicki), southern giant petrels (Macronectes gigantus) are high trophic level predators that accumulate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) present in the food webs in which they forage. Little is known about the levels of POPs in some Antarctic organisms (e.g. southern giant petrels), as well as the long-term trends of POPs in the Antarctic ecosystem. Samples from all three seabird species were collected post mortem, including eggs, from the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and in the Ross Sea throughout the austral summer breeding seasons of 2004--2006. The samples were analyzed for C and N stable isotopes and POPs including organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs). The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the long-term trends of POP residues in Adelie penguins, (2) compare POP levels within livers of the three seabird species based on migratory patterns and trophic level using stable isotope analysis of delta15N and delta13C, and (3) demonstrate POPs can be used as tracers of Antarctic seabird ecology. POPs in Antarctic biota were first evaluated using Adelie penguin tissues and a long-term analysis including data from the current study showed SigmaDDT has not declined in WAP penguins for more than 30 years. Indeed, the presence of p,p'-DDT in these birds indicates that there is a current source of DDT to the WAP marine food web, and both measurements and calculations suggest that this source of DDT is related to climate driven environmental change in the region. A more broad analysis including all three seabird species showed SigmaPCBs, SigmaDDTs, Sigmachlordanes and mirex are 3--100 times higher in migratory seabird livers than the endemic penguins, while hexachlorobenzene (HCB) exhibits no difference in concentration between the three seabird species. Model predictions compared to measured output of delta13C and delta13N indicate a stronger correlation between delta13C and less volatile POP concentrations demonstrating the heavy influence of winter migration on the contaminant loads of seabirds that breed in Antarctica. Finally, discrepancies in POP ratios between migratory and endemic seabird eggs and fat in combination with stable isotope signatures gave insight into seabird evolutionary breeding strategies. For example, the relative abundance of SigmaPCBs was highest in south polar skua eggs and endogenous lipid input into skua eggs was estimated at >79% by examining discrepancies in contaminant ratios. The combined stable isotope and contaminant data indicate that south polar skuas and southern giant petrels employee different combinations of income and capital breeding strategies.
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3

Edynak, Elsa. "Le droit international applicable à l'océan Arctique : l’adéquation d’un ensemble juridique complexe à un espace spécifique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR139.

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Le changement climatique et les bouleversements qu’il implique en Arctique ont véritablement renouvelé l’intérêt pour cet espace. Celui-ci soulève des enjeux de différentes échelles (aussi bien régionale que globale), mais aussi de différentes natures (économiques, politiques, sociales, environnementales), qui constituent autant de problématiques juridiques et interrogent la pertinence du droit applicable. Cependant, et c’est là l’enjeu juridique principal de ce sujet : le cadre juridique existant fait preuve d’une grande complexité, dont la cohérence et la pertinence vis-à-vis de la région ont été largement remises en cause. Mais à ce mal unique – la complexité – les auteurs ne semblent pas s’accorder sur les solutions à adopter. Ces divergences soulignent l’intérêt de déterminer si le cadre juridique applicable à l’océan Arctique peut être consi-déré comme « adéquat » dans le sens où il permettrait une gestion répondant aux critères d’un système juridique satisfaisant. Du point de vue de la méthode, l’étude demandait de mettre de l’ordre dans le désordre apparent. A cette fin, la systématisation, à travers la réalisation d’un tableau synoptique analysant l’ensemble des normes de droit international applicables à la région, a été nécessaire. En conclusion, en dépit de sa diversité, le cadre juridique peut néanmoins être considéré comme satisfai-sant du point de vue substantiel (complétude) et formel (cohérence). Au-delà de la simple cohérence, la construc-tion actuelle d’un droit de l’Arctique amène à identifier un processus d’ordonnancement au niveau régional, appa-rentant de plus en plus cet encadrement à un véritable « système juridique ». Cette régionalisation est juridiquement indispensable, mais il faut néanmoins admettre qu’elle ne permet pas d’assurer l’action mondiale qui demeure indispensable face au problème global du changement climatique. Si elle constitue une étape probablement néces-saire, elle représente surtout une étape supplémentaire à cette mise en oeuvre généralisée et renforce dès lors la fragmentation du droit international, et donc sa complexité
Climate change and the disruption it implies in the Arctic have really renewed the interest in this space. This raises issues of different scales (both regional and global), but also of different natures (economic, political, social, environmental), which constitute as many legal issues and question the relevance of the applicable law. However, and this is the main legal issue here: the existing legal framework is extremely complex, whose consistency and relevance concerning the region have been widely questioned. But to this unique problem - com-plexity - the authors do not seem to agree on the solutions to adopt. These differences underline the interest to determine whether the legal framework for the Arctic Ocean can be considered as "adequate" in the sense that it would enable a management that meets the criteria of a satisfying legal system. Regarding the method, the study demanded to put the apparent disorder in order. To this end, systematization was necessary; it was done through the creation of a synoptic table analyzing all the standards of international law applicable to the region,. In conclusion, despite its diversity, the legal framework can nevertheless be considered satisfactory from a substantive (completeness) and formal (coherence) point of view. Beyond simple coherence, the current cons-truction of an Arctic law leads to the identification of an scheduling process at the regional level, this framework resembling more and more a real "legal system". This regionalisation is legally essential. Nevertheless, it must be recognized that it does not ensure the worldwide action which remains essential in the face of the global problem that is climate change. If it constitutes a probably necessary step, it represents above all an additional step in this generalized implementation and therefore reinforces the fragmentation of international law, and its complexity
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4

Přech, Ondřej. "Právní režim Anktarktidy, zejména ochrana jejího životního prostředí a postavení České republiky." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332801.

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The objective of the thesis is to describe the legal regime of the Antarctic specifically in relation to the protection of its environment. The introductory chapters are devoted to brief description of the natural conditions of the Antarctic and the history of its exploration. In relation with the discovery voyages there are also mentioned the first territorial claims of the states and the legal foundations on which these claims were made. The author also deals with the basic legal document in relation to this continent, the Antarctic Treaty, mainly with its main principles as the demilitarization, prohibition of appropriation and the recognition of previous claims. Under the Antarctic Treaty several categories of the Parties to the Treaty can be distinguished which is an un-common situation. The existence of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting which is related to this situation is also being discussed. This Consultative Meeting further develops the principles of the Antarctic Treaty and issues Measures, Decisions and Resolutions. This thesis focuses on the analysis of the protection of the environment of the Antarctic. The topic has been divided into separate components of the environment and these are dealt with in individual chapters of the thesis where the steady development and the introduction...
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5

Ledl, Jakub. "Právní režim Antarktidy a ochrana jejího životního prostředí." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-373812.

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The purpose of the diploma thesis is to describe and summarize the legal regime of Antarctica including its evolution, functioning and the protection of its environment. Chapter one of the thesis consists of the introduction with the Antarctic continent including the natural conditions, the history of the discovering, the competition between Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott to reach the South Pole and the territorial claims of seven states in the first half of the twentieth century. The second chapter deals with the fundamental document of the legal regime of Antarctica - The Antarctic Treaty. The Antarctic Treaty was signed in Washington on 1 December 1959 by the twelve countries whose scientists had been active in and around Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58. The very important provisions of the Treaty contain international cooperation and prohibition of any measures of a military nature, such as the establishment of military bases and fortifications, carrying out of the military maneuvers, as well as testing of any type of weapons. Antarctica became international space which can not be appropriated by individual states. The third chapter deals with the Antarctic Treaty System and its analysis and summary. The Antarctic Treaty System regulates the international...
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6

Gerhardová, Ivana. "Právní režim Antarktidy, zejména ochrana jejího životního prostředí a postavení České republiky." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-330285.

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The Legal regime of Antarctica, primarily the protection of its environment and the position of the Czech Republic The purpose of my thesis is to analyse a legal regime of Antarctica, with regards to protection of its environment and position of the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter One contains basic introduction of the Antarctic Continent, its geography and history. Chapter Two investigates legal regime constituted in Antarctica by the Antarctic Treaty and other international documents, known as the Antarctic Treaty System. This chapter consists of six parts, each concentrating on special subject. Part one examines the path of development the Antarctic treaty, part two deals with treaty itself, part three looks at dispute settlement, part four focuses on liability in this international space, part five addresses the issue of inspections held in Antarctica. Part six describes structure and organisation of the Antarctic Treaty System, Antartic Treaty Consultative Meetings, its legal documents and Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty. Chapter Three concentrates on the problem of protection of antarctic environment. Firts part of this chapter focuses on protection of living resources, guaranteed by the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals and the...
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7

Joblin, Scott. "The Legal Status Effossio of the Hydrocarbons of the Southern Ocean Area; Questions of Antarctic Environmental Protection and Possible Minerals Exploitation under International Law." Phd thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/204734.

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Antarctica is the only continent on Earth that does not have a history of commercial minerals development. To date, the non-economic nature of Antarctic minerals, combined with legal impediments, technological, climatic, and physical difficulties, and issues of remoteness, have foiled even the most-hardy and expeditious of State interests. International interest in Antarctic mineral resources is predicted to only increase in coming decades. Of the mineral resources found within, it is near-universally agreed the greatest future interest likely lies with the hydrocarbons of the Southern Ocean. Simply put, these present as the most exploitable, politically and strategically valuable, and economically viable of those predicted to exist (in substantive quantities). This thesis examines that which is known in Antarctic legal circles as the 'Southern Ocean minerals issue.' The right for States to initiate and conduct mineral activities in the Antarctic is inexorably tied to international law. In the Antarctic context, international law not only determines the parameters through which activities may be undertaken, but also whether or not they may transpire in the first place. Prompted by a range of factors, including environmental concerns, this thesis seeks to provide an answer to the question of the 'legal status effossio' of the hydrocarbons of the Southern Ocean Area. The term 'legal status effossio' refers to the juridical standing of a mineral resource and the question of whether it itself is subject to potential physical exploitation under international law. This thesis provides what is believed to be the broadest-ranging examination of the legal status of Southern Ocean hydrocarbons ever undertaken. Entailing a comprehensive search and examination of primary sources and reports, along with extensive informal consultations with academics and experts, the thesis is framed around three sub-questions. The first, what are the spatial limits of the Southern Ocean Area? The second, what are the present individual treaty law rights and obligations of States persuant to the potential utilisation of the hydrocarbons of the Southern Ocean Area? And the third, does customary international law confer any rights, or impose any obligations or limitations on the conduct of States pursuant to their potential utilisation? The thesis body focuses on the main discussion points while extensive footnotes are used to draw attention to additional arguments and supplementary issues. The analysis includes an in-depth examination of the relevant treaty law rights and obligations of all States in the international community vis-a-vis the 1959 Antarctic Treaty, 1991 Antarctic Environmental Protocol (Madrid Protocol), 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC). Questions concerning customary international law, in particular those relating to the Madrid Protocol mining prohibition and the LOSC's embodiment of the Common Heritage of Mankind, are also addressed. Functioning to outline the relevant complexities of international law, extensive efforts are made to clarify and resolve all legal issues that complicate the identification of the applicable lex lata. The thesis concludes with specific and general findings on the legal status effossio of the hydrocarbons for all States in the international community on an individual basis.
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Книги з теми "Environmental protection Antarctica"

1

Swan, Robert. Antarctica 2041. New York: Broadway Books, 2009.

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2

Joyner, Christopher C. Governing the frozen commons: The Antarctic regime and environmental protection. Columbia, S.C: University of South Carolina Press, 1998.

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3

Davor, Vidas, ed. Implementing the environmental protection regime for the Antarctic. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

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4

Swan, Robert. The earth's last wilderness: A quest to save Antarctica. New York: Broadway Books, 2009.

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5

1953-, Reavill Gil, ed. The earth's last wilderness: A quest to save Antarctica. New York: Broadway Books, 2009.

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6

Tinker Foundation Workshop (1989 Fondation Royaumont). Blueprint for Antarctica: The Tinker Foundation Workshop, Fondation Royaumont, Luzarches, France, October 22-25, 1989. Washington, D.C: World Resources Institute, 1989.

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7

J, Drewry D., Laws Richard M, and Pyle J. A, eds. Antarctica and environmental change: Proceedings of a Royal Society discussion meeting held on 20 and 21 May 1992. [London]: Royal Society, 1993.

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8

1953-, Reavill Gil, ed. Antarctica 2041: My quest to save the earth's last wilderness. New York: Broadway Books, 2009.

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9

The last wilderness: Eighty days in Antarctica. London: Hutchinson, 1991.

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10

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Insular and International Affairs. Establish an Antarctica World Park: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Insular and International Affairs of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on H.R. 4514, Antarctica World Park and Protection Act of 1990, hearing held in Washington, DC, September 18, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Частини книг з теми "Environmental protection Antarctica"

1

Proelss, Alexander, and Robert C. Steenkamp. "Liability Annex to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty." In Corporate Liability for Transboundary Environmental Harm, 537–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13264-3_12.

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AbstractTwenty-nine States (the ‘Consultative Parties’), each with a substantial interest in Antarctica, collectively manage Antarctica through a system of consensus-based decisions. Traditionally, the Antarctic Treaty together with recommendations and measures adopted by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM), the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CAMLR Convention) and the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (CCAS) form the basis of the Antarctic Treaty System. However, the Consultative Parties began to expand their environmental responsibilities in Antarctica in 1970 and agreed that they “should assume responsibility for the protection of the environment and the wise use of the Treaty area”. A major step in this regard was the addition to the Antarctic Treaty System of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (PEPAT or the Protocol). Together with safeguarding free and peaceful scientific research, the Protocol incorporates the protection of the Antarctic environment into the Antarctic Treaty System. The Protocol has six annexes, with Annex VI (Liabilities Arising from Environmental Emergencies) being a product of the obligations contained in Articles 15 and 16 of the PEPAT. Specifically, Article 16 of the PEPAT states that:
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2

Vicuña, Francisco Orrego. "Port State Jurisdiction in Antarctica: A New Approach to Inspection, Control and Enforcement." In Implementing the Environmental Protection Regime for the Antarctic, 45–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4319-6_3.

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Shortis, Emma. "‘In the Interest of All Mankind’: Women and the Environmental Protection of Antarctica." In Feminist Ecologies, 247–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64385-4_14.

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4

Bonner, W. Nigel. "Environmental Protection and Science in the Antarctic." In Antarctic Science, 6–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78711-9_2.

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Kuokkanen, Tuomas. "Protection of the Antarctic marine environment." In International Marine Environmental Law and Policy, 193–205. Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315624921-11.

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Njåstad, Birgit. "Norway: Implementing the Protocol on Environmental Protection." In Implementing the Environmental Protection Regime for the Antarctic, 379–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4319-6_20.

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Bush, William. "Australian Implementation of the Environmental Protocol." In Implementing the Environmental Protection Regime for the Antarctic, 309–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4319-6_17.

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Lefeber, René. "The Prospects for an Antarctic Environmental Liability Regime." In Implementing the Environmental Protection Regime for the Antarctic, 199–217. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4319-6_11.

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Bogillo, V. I., M. S. Bazylevska, and R. Borchers. "Past and Future for Ozone-Depleting Halocarbons in Antarctic Environment." In Role of Interfaces in Environmental Protection, 161–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0183-0_12.

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Bastmeijer, Kees. "Implementing the Environmental Protocol Domestically: An Overview." In Implementing the Environmental Protection Regime for the Antarctic, 287–307. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4319-6_16.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Environmental protection Antarctica"

1

Shah, Rohani Mohd, and Rugayah Hashim. "Advancing “antarctica science diplomacy” beyond traditional boundaries in developing state environmental protection law for better quality of life." In 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications (ISBEIA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbeia.2012.6422925.

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