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Статті в журналах з теми "Engineers Legal status"
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Laptev, V. A. "The Digital Life of Modern Corporations: Corporate Management Mechanisms and What the Future Holds." Kutafin Law Review 9, no. 2 (July 5, 2022): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2713-0525.2022.2.20.227-250.
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Digital transformation of the economy has redefined approaches to the issues of legal capacity, corporate governance and management of business processes. Traditional management mechanisms are no longer competitive unless used in conjunction with dynamically developing digital technologies. This article reviews the lifecycle of a “digital corporation” from the moment of its establishment (i.e., from the moment it acquires legal capacity), the processes related to its governance and management (intra-corporate and intra-productive relations), as well as the documentation of the outcome of its business and production activities. We discuss the “digital footprint” left by corporations in public registers, a unified space of trust implemented as a digital interactive environment, “digital afterlife,” and the adjustment of the legal capacity of corporations in view of the automation of their business processes. Furthermore, we provide several examples of digital management tools that are replacing traditional forms of management that rely solely on human cognition. We introduce three types of digital management: remote management (exercised by humans); smart management (based on algorithms designed by human engineers); and artificial intelligence (AI) management (that does not require human involvement). The article discusses the distinctive characteristics of each of these types of management and their potential joint application. Legal risks associated with the use of digital technologies for the assessment and documentation of production and economic activities (e-accounting, cloud data, open-access information, public registers) are identified. The study relies on empirical economic, legal and technological data pertaining to the legal status of a modern mixed-capital business corporation. We present an overview of currently available IT solutions for digital corporation (e-corporation) management and modification of traditional management tools, and provide an assessment of the prospects for the future development of these technologies. We emphasize the role of law in the digitalization of the economy and offer approaches to legislative work aimed at the legal regulation of modern corporate management.
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Гура, Олександр. "ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ ІНЖЕНЕРІВ-ПРОГРАМІСТІВ ДО ТЕСТУВАННЯ ПРОГРАМНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ В УМОВАХ НЕФОРМАЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ШЛЯХИ УСПІШНОЇ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ". Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології, № 7(101) (28 вересня 2020): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24139/2312-5993/2020.07/055-063.
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This article discusses the problem of preparing student programmers for the process of software testing in real production conditions. It reveals the relevance of the field of software development in general and the testing process in particular, gives a characteristic of the latter. An analysis of the requirements put forward by employers to young specialists-testers is carried out, the main ones are highlighted: knowledge of specific theoretical aspects of activities, the availability of project experience, a high level of development of soft skills. The paper examines the international experience of training software engineers, which highlights special attention of foreign programs to the practices of non-formal education, in particular, to conducting industrial practice at the expense of the resources and programs of partner enterprises, as well as taking into account international certificates of training programs in the assessment of disciplines. In the final part of the work, a description of the concept of non-formal education is given, features of its legal status in Ukraine are highlighted, characteristics of its main features are given, such as the use of innovative teaching methods, flexibility and modifiability, implementation on the basis of specialized or independent institutions. The final part of the article examines the issue of the relevance of non-formal forms of education in the context of training future software engineers for software testing in a real project environment. An analysis of the existing commercial practices present in the educational space of Ukraine is carried out, conclusions are drawn regarding the possibility of using informal training practices within the formal programs of domestic universities.
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Ermakova, Olga K. "CONTRACTS WITH FOREIGNERS IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 19TH CENTURY RUSSIA: DEVELOPMENT OF CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS AND EVOLUTION OF LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS." Ural Historical Journal 74, no. 1 (2022): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-1(74)-147-154.
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The article is devoted to a qualitatively new stage in the development of contractual relations between the Russian state and private individuals — foreigners, the transition to which became obvious in the era of Alexander I. On the basis of deep source analysis founded on the methods of diplomatics, the author demonstrates that in the first quarter of the 19th century the perception of a contract by representatives of power structures (even if the state did not act as a counterparty) was characterized by an awareness of the need for strict compliance with the conditions, the inadmissibility of violation, as well as the recognition of the dominant role of the contract over specific circumstances (including those that made the further execution of the contract meaningless for the treasury). As an illustration, the author selected agreements with mining engineers and administrators invited to the Ural factories in the early 19th century. For comparison, the paper analyzes not only government contracts, but also private-law acts of employment concluded by a German-born entrepreneur Andreas Knauf with other foreigners hired by him during the management of the Zlatoust plants on a leasehold basis. It is concluded that in the epoch under study, the contract could no longer be considered as a kind of “fiction” (V. Zhivov’s expression), which it really was in many ways during the reign of Peter I, when it just entered into mass use due to the active attraction of foreigners to Russia. The strengthening of the legal force of contracts provided hired foreign specialists at the beginning of the 19th century with a fairly stable legal status, and the evolution of the government’s attitude to contractual obligations indicated the convergence of Russian and Western legal cultures.
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Voicu, Răzvan, and Lawrence G. Dominguez. "Facilitation Fish Migration above the Discharge Sill Located on the Ialomiţa River Near Cave Ialomicioara." Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series 16, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/avutgs-2016-0004.
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AbstractLongitudinal connectivity restoration of watercourses is a major duty for scientists (biologists, hydro engineers, chemists etc.) that, by the means of technical exchange via conferences, projects, workshops, universities, and institutions demonstrate the major importance of a natural (non-anthropic) function of the lotic ecosystems. On the Ialomiţa River, the discharge sills located downstream from Padina chalet block the migration of some fish species, such as the brown trout (Salmo trutta) and the bullhead (Cottus gobio), prohibiting access to foraging areas and springs. Water Framework Directive 60/2000 / EC provides a legal framework for restoring “good status” of longitudinal and lateral connectivity of watercourses. Our proposed solution I can be applied to other discharge sills and dams sized between 3m and 6m high, and, where feasible can utilize existing power sources of some discharge sills. Solution II’s concepts allow the dimples inside the concrete plate to serve as a rest and recovery area for migratory species. Such benefits that ensure upstream/downstream fish migration while allowing discharge management to continue is unattainable in conventional systems. After solution II is applied the discharge sill does not lose any baseline characteristics while maintaining the original hydro-technical design objective, flood dissipation.
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Michael, Brent, and Karen Coleman. "COMPENSATION AND COASTAL PROTECTION." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.management.32.
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In this presentation, the authors examine the circumstances in which public bodies and professionals retained by them can be liable to pay monetary compensation for erosion damage. Coastal engineering, together with the analysis of coastal processes, play an important role in this legal landscape. Public bodies may come under a duty to implement defensive works; but equally they may be responsible for adverse impacts from them, such as end effects erosion. Coastal engineers may be engaged to provide critical protective works; but they may be liable where works are not designed or built to required standards or for stipulated purposes. Difficulties in assessing likely risk due to changes associated with climate change add an additional dimension with the increased risk of failure of protective works facing conditions which may not have previously been considered in the design criteria. Drawing from a decade of experience acting for litigants and property owners in erosion hotspots in New South Wales, the authors identify the key principles that apply in Australia and other common law jurisdiction and discuss how these rules can apply to scenarios where a disaster arises on any coastline. Some of the cases covered were included in the 2017 review by the United Nations entitled "The Status of Climate Change Litigation".
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Opawole, Akintayo, and Godwin Onajite Jagboro. "Factors affecting the performance of private party in concession-based PPP projects in Nigeria." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 15, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-09-2015-0058.
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Purpose Notwithstanding the remarkable market potential of the Nigerian economy for private investment, the current sociopolitical characteristics had necessitated a careful assessment to inform decisions in long-term investments. The purpose of this paper is therefore to evaluate the success factors that have a specific influence on private party’s performance in concession contracts in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Respondents involved in the study were participants in concession-based contracts in Southwestern Nigeria that included architects, estate surveyors, quantity surveyors, engineers and builders, accountants/bankers/economists and lawyers. These were selected using random and respondent-driven sampling (RDS) approaches. The research instrument adopted was a questionnaire that enlisted questions which were structured to ensure that the respondents have appropriate experience in concession-based projects and hold appropriate positions as decision-makers so as to give credence to collected data. The highest significant factors were identified through the relative significance index (RSI). By exploring factor analysis, the factors were condensed for discussion under appropriate component headings. The value of Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO, 0.755) measure of sampling adequacy tests carried out showed that the data collected were adequate for the factor analysis, and the Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ2 = 1,799.339; df = 630; p < 0.001) was highly significant. Findings Factors influencing private party performance clustered under eight components, namely, technical, market maturity, political, legal, finance, procurement, incentive and regulation. However, component items including level of understanding of public–private alliance transactions, stability of exchange rate and provisions for reversion of policies were found to be highly significant. On the other hand, status of domestication and implementation of international laws/codes, predictability in legal regime and enforcement and extent of jurisdictional definition of land usage were least significant. Originality/value Findings would guide private investors in the preparation of robust investment packages that reduce risks and seemingly unavoidable opportunistic tendencies associated with public–private partnership projects in developing economies.
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von Tigerstrom, B. "The legal status of engineered tissue and its implications." Cytotherapy 16, no. 4 (April 2014): S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.01.184.
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Kurek, Przemysław, Łukasz Piechnik, Blanka Wiatrowska, Agnieszka Ważna, Krzysztof Nowakowski, Xosé Pardavila, Jan Cichocki, and Barbara Seget. "Badger Meles meles as Ecosystem Engineer and Its Legal Status in Europe." Animals 12, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070898.
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The European badger plays an important role as a natural factor shaping species diversity in forests. Its extensive setts can be used by many other animals as shelters. Soil perturbations in their setts support plant communities that differ from the matrix landscape. The badger is also an effective seed disperser. We investigated its role as an ecosystem engineer in preserving species diversity and discussed its legal status across Europe. In most European countries (69.3% of the continent), the badger is hunted, sometimes year-round. The hunting season lasting through winter until early spring may have a negative effect on badger populations, especially when cubs are born in February. Although this species is Red Listed in 19 European countries (with categories ranging from LC to EN), the badger is strictly protected by law in 30.7% of its European range. A reduction in badger populations may limit its ecosystem services (seed dispersal, topsoil disturbances, microhabitat creation). Much new data on the importance of badgers in ecosystem engineering has allowed us to reconsider how we manage badger populations.
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Sosnowski, Paweł. "Legal Nature of the Urban Planning Profession." Central European Review of Economics & Finance 29, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2019.002.
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When regulating the urban planning profession in 2000, the legislator established a professional association and deemed that it had the status of a profession of public trust. This state of affairs lasted for fourteen years, when the so-called Deregulation Act of 9 May 2014 on Facilitating Access to Certain Regulated Professions (Journal of Laws, item 768, hereinafter referred to as: Deregulation Act.) abolished the professional association of urban planners and provided that the urban planning profession lost its status of a profession of public trust. The above Act was appealed to the Constitutional Tribunal, which was to examine its compliance with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. In its judgment of 24 March 2015 (Case file no. K 19/14, Journal of Laws of 2015, item 476.), the Constitutional Tribunal ruled that the norms of the above Act did not violate the Constitution; however, it did not address the legal nature of the urban planning profession at all. The aim of this article is to show, on the basis of the above-mentioned judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal, characteristic features of the urban planning profession, compare it with the professions of architect and civil engineer, and determine whether, owing to its characteristics, it is a profession of public trust or not. According to the author, the urban planning profession has the status of a profession of public trust, which should be of key importance for the Constitutional Tribunal’s assessment of the constitutionality of legal norms contained in the aforementioned Act.
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Möllers, Christoph. "It's about legal practice, stupid." German Law Journal 7, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 1011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200005265.
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With his book “The Gentle Civilizer of Nations”, the Finnish expert on international law Martti Koskenniemi, became the most widely read author in his field overnight. In the “Gentle Civilizer”, Koskenniemi presented a new history of international law between 1870 and 1960. The tremendous success of this book rested less on an amazing number of revealing observations, but rather on its new take on the history of this discipline. In Koskenniemi's interpretation, the scientific project of international law did not start off as an endeavour that was centred on the sovereignty of nation-states. Instead, the international lawyers of that era saw their subject in the light of the idealist political project of internationalism. When they were forced to give up their high hopes in the course of the 20th century — this is where the twist of the book lies — they not only abandoned their dreams, but also their craft as lawyers. They became mere engineers of international relations, pragmatists, and apologists of governmental power. In order to retrieve the craft of international law, Koskenniemi concludes, the discipline needs to handle legal forms in a politically reflective manner. Koskenniemi has labelled this squaring of the circle, in a much-cited expression, as the “Culture of Formalism.”
Дисертації з теми "Engineers Legal status"
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Pang, Chi-wai, and 彭志偉. "Understanding of civil liabilities among practising engineers in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29563586.
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Sidaross, Monique. "Ethical Decision-Making in Construction Engineering Projects." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4889.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Problems exist with ethical decision-making in U.S. construction engineering projects.
The purpose of this study was to explore factors that affect ethical decision-making in engineering construction in the United States. The general concepts of marketing ethics, Kohlberg's discussion of ethical and moral reasoning development, and Gillian's discussion of ethical care served as the basis of the conceptual framework. Factors that inhibit ethical decision making were addressed in the research questions. The resulting narrative framework included implementable initiatives based on these factors that could improve the quality of ethical decision-making and the impact of these initiatives on the cost and quality of construction engineering projects. The use of qualitative grounded theory design led to findings from the research questions and enabled the development of a theory to explain the phenomenon. The research was based on data collected from interviews with a purposive sample of 12 civil engineers with 15 to 45 years of forensic and managerial experience with construction engineering projects. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. The principal finding from the research was that unethical decision-making in the legal and political systems undermines the image and authority of construction engineers in the United States. The findings of the study may cause social change by indicating how to enhance the ethical behavior of individuals involved in decision-making within the U.S. construction engineering industry, leading to improvements in the cost and quality of construction projects that benefit individual stakeholders as well as society.
Книги з теми "Engineers Legal status"
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Chacón, Leonardo Latorre. Conferencias ingeniería legal. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ingeniería, Unidad de Ingeniería Industrial, 2001.
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Gayton, Cynthia M. Legal aspects of engineering. 7th ed. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 2004.
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Vaughn, Richard C. Legal aspects of engineering. 6th ed. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1999.
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Legal aspects of engineering. 8th ed. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 2008.
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Vaughn, Richard C. Legal aspects of engineering. 5th ed. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1993.
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Engineers and the law: An overview. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1986.
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Marston, D. L. Law for professional engineers. 2nd ed. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1985.
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Cooke, J. R. Architects, engineers & the law. 3rd ed. Sydney: Federation Press, 2001.
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Vance, Mary A. Architects and engineers: Articles from law journals. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1986.
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Nebraska. The State of Nebraska Engineers and Architects Regulation Act handbook. Lincoln, Neb: State of Nebraska Board of Engineers and Architects, 2008.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Engineers Legal status"
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Schröder, Wolfgang M. "Robots and Rights: Reviewing Recent Positions in Legal Philosophy and Ethics." In Robotics, AI, and Humanity, 191–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54173-6_16.
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AbstractControversies about the moral and legal status of robots and of humanoid robots in particular are among the top debates in recent practical philosophy and legal theory. As robots become increasingly sophisticated, and engineers make them combine properties of tools with seemingly psychological capacities that were thought to be reserved for humans, such considerations become pressing. While some are inclined to view humanoid robots as more than just tools, discussions are dominated by a clear divide: What some find appealing, others deem appalling, i.e. “robot rights” and “legal personhood” for AI systems. Obviously, we need to organize human–robot interactions according to ethical and juridical principles that optimize benefit and minimize mutual harm. Avoiding disrespectful treatment of robots can help to preserve a normative basic ethical continuum in the behaviour of humans. This insight can contribute to inspire an “overlapping consensus” as conceptualized by John Rawls in further discussions on responsibly coordinating human/robot interactions.
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Nakhimovsky, Isaac. "Commerce and the European Commonwealth in 1800." In The Closed Commercial State. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691148946.003.0003.
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This chapter shows how Fichte's response to Kant's essay Perpetual Peace culminated in The Closed Commercial State. Kant's essay defined the legal character of a peaceful international community. It also identified the historical processes favoring the emergence of an increasingly legalized and demilitarized European states system. The Closed Commercial State elaborated Kant's historical model into an account of the rise of global trade and its impact on state formation. Fichte concluded that the pacification of Europe envisioned by Kant was predicated on a resolution to the conflicts unleashed by heightened economic competition, both between and within states. In making this argument, Fichte developed an account of commerce and international relations that was closely aligned with contemporary pro-French and anti-English views of global trade and the European states system. Like Kant's Perpetual Peace, Fichte's Closed Commercial State was a highly abstracted theoretical investigation occasioned by a French diplomatic initiative championed by Sieyès. However, Fichte was much more willing than Kant to work out the details of a reform strategy predicated on Sieyès's efforts to engineer a French-led restructuring of the European balance of power.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Engineers Legal status"
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Munsell, W. P. "Technology on Trial: The Social Framework of Safe Design." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87017.
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Blocked by novel judicial defenses that deprived them of the common law remedies that the general public enjoyed, workers agitated for decades until growing political pressure led employers and the courts to accept worker’s compensation in America at the beginning of the twentieth century. Two remarkable side-effects of the Worker’s Compensation Acts were the ignition of the safety movement and the reformulation of tort law in regards to technological harms. These changes came just as some of the dangers formerly reserved for industrial workers began to be visited upon consumers in the form of new, complex, and mass-produced products. Safety-minded engineers joined together to reassess the role of technology in accident-related injury, creating a new framework for design that shed old deterministic assumptions about operator behavior. Likewise, the legal community re-imagined tort law in view of a broad no-fault worker’s compensation system. The legal formulation culminated in a strict products liability regime in 1964, and a sea change in the social status of technology itself. But these two revolutionary conceptions, both oriented toward the protection of the user, are not equal: modern legal disputes serve to expose the disconnect between the engineering and legal frameworks of safe design.
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Oliver, Douglas L. "Legal and Ethical Considerations of Whistleblowing for Engineers." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79557.
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According to the ethical codes of many engineering professional societies, engineers have an ethical duty to the public. For example, the ASME Code of Ethics states that engineers “shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public.” Licensed engineers (PE’s) have additional legal duties to the public imposed by state licensing agencies. Engineering regulations and ethics codes have been interpreted by many to include the duty to report illegal or unsafe conditions to governmental authorities. This paper investigates whistleblowing as it relates to engineers. This troublesome topic is investigated considering the ethical, legal, and practical implications for engineers who blow the whistle.
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Hall, K., A. Dahi Taleghani, and N. Dahi Taleghani. "On Liability Issues Concerning Induced Seismicity in Hydraulic Fracturing Treatments and at Injection Disposal Wells: What Petroleum Engineers should know." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-173383-ms.
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Abstract The rates of oil and natural gas production in the United States have increased dramatically during the past decade, largely due to the use of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. This has benefitted the U.S. economy and generated hopes that the “shale revolution” could be replicated elsewhere. At the same time, however, public concern has grown regarding potential adverse impacts that fracing or other operations like gas flooding, waterflooding, waste disposal, and other production processes may have. One of the main public concerns relates to induced seismic events – that is, man-made earthquakes. Geologists have concluded that a variety of human activities can induce seismic events. Such operations include the operation of injection disposal wells, though a relatively small fraction of such wells are suspected of inducing seismic activity. Further, available public data shows that, on very rare occasions, hydraulic fracturing itself has caused tangible seismic activity. Although such events have been uncommon, they have attracted significant public attention and strengthened the opponents of oil and gas development. Further, although seismic events induced by oil and gas activity appear to have caused little damage, the potential legal liability could be substantial if such an event ever caused significant damage. Accordingly, industry should give increased attention to minimizing the likelihood of such events. The paper provides context for this issue by briefly reviewing information regarding recent cases of induced seismic activity, current technology for monitoring these events, and the inherent limitations in measurements and interpretation involved in using these techniques. This paper also discusses techniques that operators can use to reduce the likelihood of induced seismic events at hydraulic fracturing sites and at injection disposal wells. These include use of pretreatment geomechanical analyses to assess the likelihood of significant seismic events and, in appropriate circumstances, to guide a modification in perforation clusters design to reduce the likelihood of nearby fault reactivations. Finally, the article provides additional context by discussing relevant laws, including regulatory responses to suspected events of induced seismic activity and the possible legal theories for imposing liability for such events. The new regulations will compel operators to take certain actions and the potential for legal liability may incentivize additional action.
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Held, Mateja, and Kristina Perkov. "SPATIAL PLANNING IN THE EU AND CROATIA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22445.
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Spatial planning is an interdisciplinary process dealing with practices of regulating and transforming the space, including experts from various fields such as lawyers, spatial and urban planners, geographers, civil engineers, economists, sociologists, etc. Spatial plans are general acts that arise due to the complex spatial planning process in which public participation is a necessary tool for transparent and legal procedure. They impact human rights due to their influence on a healthy environment, organization of life, quality of public services, green areas in the cities, etc. Spatial plans also deal with the economic aspect of investments, urban planning, and development of a particular territory. Cities are rapidly evolving and are characterized by density and overcrowded population, so the EU has a special interest in the adequate organization of the space. Consequences of the COVID- 19 pandemic have produced a need for a different land use regulation from the established one. New challenges for the Member State’s governments include regulation for the organization of life and everyday needs in 15 minutes’ walk areas (work, market, health care, school, kindergartens, public services, parks, etc.). Although the European Union does not have direct competence in spatial planning of each Member State, it has a strong influence on the Member States through regulations (for example, European Spatial Development Perspective, The New Leipzig Charter, etc. which provide a strong framework for good and sustainable urban governance) and practice, as well as through the financial support to the Member States. This paper has two main goals. The first aim of this paper is to analyse how the EU tries to overcome the consequences of the pandemic in the physical planning system (recommendations, guidelines, financial support, consulting, or others). We also aim to discover how the pandemic affected the process of adopting the spatial plans in the Member States on the example of Croatia in one case study. The paper is divided into several parts. After the introduction, the first part of the paper brings an overview of the spatial planning process in the EU and Croatia based on the analyses of the relevant EU and domestic regulations. Next part of the paper deals with the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the spatial planning at the EU level, and on the development and adoption of spatial plans in Croatia. This includes the duration of the process, restrictions, and new ways of public participation in the process of the development and adoption of spatial plans (for example online public presentations), the influence on economic development (investments in a building), social distancing, etc. Last part of the paper will contain a research of development and adoption of spatial plans under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper concludes with particular suggestions for improving the Croatian situation based on the good practices of the EU.
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Gregory, S. A. "Understanding Salt Mine Ground Behavior Through Geotechnical Monitoring and Data Analysis." In 56th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2022-0899.
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ABSTRACT: The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) was constructed for the permanent disposal of defense-generated transuranic waste from DOE sites around the United States. WIPP functions as a category 4 mine and category 2 nuclear facility. The waste is to be deposited 660 m (2150 ft) beneath the Earth’s surface inside of the Delaware Basin salt bed for permanent disposal. The first waste shipment arrived at WIPP in 1999 and is currently anticipated to operate beyond 2050. Due to the creeping nature of salt and the hazards involved in handling nuclear waste, it is paramount to monitor the changing conditions of the mine. Throughout the WIPP’s project life, geotechnical and mining engineers have developed and improved upon the data collection methods, instrumentation, and analysis that is required to monitor the ground movement in this unique salt mine. Using forecasting methods, WIPP’s geotechnical engineering team has predicted several ground falls and provides support to the site’s mining endeavors. A review of the historical ground movement data collection methods and analysis is given, as well as examples of ground falls and geotechnical abnormalities. In addition, ongoing application of operations research and engineering statistics will be discussed. 1. DISCLMAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
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Donohue, Brian P. "Railway Project Integration Engineering: New Methodology." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2542.
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In November, 2005 before an assembly of rail transit managers and engineers, keynote speaker Tom Prendergast — then Vice President, Parsons Brinckerhoff T&RS — declared that the next frontier of railway engineering would be not in the “Big Four” engineering disciplines of Civil, Mechanical, Electrical or even Computer Engineering, but in “Integration Engineering.” Years have passed and while Tom’s words have not yet been fully realized by the transit industry, change is happening. Today, railway construction projects that have had major construction issues include the now beleaguered Edinburgh, Scotland “Edinburgh Tram” and the recently opened Hampton Roads Transit “Tide” Light Rail. Both projects have suffered from major cost overruns, work stoppages and legal entanglements, much of which can be attributed to a lack of scope clarity, especially utility identification & interfaces, and utility relocations. The lack of coordination for both projects can be traced back to the preliminary engineering level and continued, unchecked through final design and into construction where the lack of coordination and planning was realized too late. [1,2] Given the complexities of modern railway systems and the well-developed urban and suburban infrastructure where they are typically built, proper integration engineering is essential from the earliest phases of a project and should be carried through to the start of revenue operations and maintenance. There are however, examples of recently completed railway projects that have addressed project integration engineering successfully, finishing ahead of schedule, ahead of budget, or both. This paper is a continuation in a short series of presentations and papers that will address Railway Project Integration Engineering as a topic and recommend the integration tasks deemed critical to a successful project. The primary subject matter will be the Denver Eagle P3 — the first rail transit Public Private Partnership (P3) in the United States that has recently completed final design and is currently under construction. The materials and techniques to be presented are relatively new, and have already been used successfully in Europe. Should they prove successful with the Eagle P3, this could lower both cost and risk for future North American rail projects. This first paper will discuss the topic, review modeling techniques that were used to define the project integration process, and will capture the results of final design integration with both successes and difficulties. This paper will also cover the early stages of the Eagle P3 project construction, tie into the model, and attempt to project likely results when construction concludes and testing begins with the ultimate goal of meeting an ambitious schedule and budget when operations commence in January, 2016.
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Kubo, Yoshito, and Osamu Sato. "Differences in processes and outcomes between starting from in-house industrial designers and starting from R and D engineers in design-driven innovation." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002558.
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This research aims to clarify the differences in development processes, new product outlines, and post-launch results between two cases of design-driven innovation (DDI), one starting from industrial designers and the other starting from engineers.SignificanceThe importance of design for gaining a competitive advantage is well documented in many countries with a strong tradition of industrial design, such as Italy, Sweden, and Japan. The DDI concept proposed by Roberto Verganti has been developed based on the analysis of more than 50 case studies, mainly from the manufacturing industry. However, while several studies have been published on the practical process of DDI, there are still few empirical studies that focus on the differences in the processes and outcomes of DDI when starting from in-house industrial designers and when starting from R&Dengineers.MethodologyThis study adopted a qualitative approach using Yin's methodology and selected two cases related to high-end model electric fans launched by two Japanese electronics companies in the electric fan market, which is a mature market.In both cases, information on the development process was collected mainly through the use of authenticated secondary sources, augmented in part by direct interviews. On the other hand, the overviews of the new products were based on the product catalogs, and the post-launch results were analyzed based on POS data.Findings/Discussion of resultsNew product development related to the DDI process includes the following stages: design research, idea generation, concept design, product planning, legal protection (patents, etc.), detail design, prototype manufacturing, testing, and production.In the two cases, the in-house designers play a strategic role in the product planning stage, but the main role of idea generation is different. In the case where idea generation was led by the in-house designers, the appearance of the conventional electric fan was retained, but incremental innovation through modularization was achieved. On the other hand, in the case where the ideas were generated by engineers in the R&Ddepartment, a different technology was adopted for the air blowing mechanism, resulting in newness in terms of appearance and product concept.Both models won the Good Design Award and succeeded in establishing a new domain of high-end electric fans in a mature market. The products originating from in-house industrial designers could only increase the number of fan blades in order to compete with other companies' products in subsequent product development. In contrast, the design by R&Dengineers achieved less-than-satisfactory results in terms of sales due to the newness of its design, but it had a positive impact on the company's subsequent product development and business expansion by applying the adopted technology to products other than electric fans. As a result of this study's considerations, it was found that differences occur in the development processes, new product outlines, and post-launch results when the originators are in-house industrial designers and when they are engineers.Originality/valueThis novel qualitative study will advance the accumulation of DDI process research related to new product development and provide suggestions on how to effectively manage and utilize in-house industrial designers and engineers to ensure successful DDI and its outcomes.