Готові списки джерел за темами / Energy streams

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Energy streams"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Energy streams"

1

Li, Xin Li. "Optimal Energy Management Strategy for Parallel Scheduling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 1539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1539.

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Анотація:
Large-scale data streams processing is now fundamental to many data processing applications. There is growing focus on manipulating Large-scale data streams on GPUs in order to improve the data throughput. Hence, there is a need to investigate the parallel scheduling strategy at the task level for the Large-scale data streamsprocessing, and to support them efficiently. We propose two different parallel scheduling strategies to handle massive data streamsin real time. Additionally, massive data streamsprocessing on GPUs is energy-consumed computation task. So we consider the power efficiency as an important factor to the parallel strategies. We present an approximation method to quantify the power efficiency for massive data streams during the computing phase. Finally, we test and compare the two parallel scheduling strategies on a large quantity of synthetic and real stream datas. The simulation experiments and compuatation results in practice both prove the accuracy of analysis on performance and power efficiency.
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2

Mrzljak, Vedran, Jasna Prpić-Oršić, and Tomislav Senčić. "Change in Steam Generators Main and Auxiliary Energy Flow Streams During the Load Increase of LNG Carrier Steam Propulsion System." Pomorstvo 32, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.32.1.15.

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Анотація:
In this paper is presented an analysis of main and auxiliary steam energy flow streams from steam generators during the increase in steam system load at conventional LNG carrier. During the steam system load increase was presented differences in steam pressure and temperature between main and auxiliary steam flow streams. Energy power of the auxiliary flow stream is higher than energy power of the main flow stream only at the lowest steam system loads after which main flow stream takes over primacy at middle and high steam system loads. Cumulative auxiliary energy flow stream was divided on energy flow streams to each auxiliary device and energy power consumption of each auxiliary device was also investigated throughout number steam system loads. Analysis of steam production from marine steam generators presented in this paper provides insight into the operation dynamics of the entire steam propulsion system.
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3

Miller, L. M., F. Gans, and A. Kleidon. "Jet stream wind power as a renewable energy resource: little power, big impacts." Earth System Dynamics 2, no. 2 (November 29, 2011): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-2-201-2011.

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Анотація:
Abstract. Jet streams are regions of sustained high wind speeds in the upper atmosphere and are seen by some as a substantial renewable energy resource. However, jet streams are nearly geostrophic flow, that is, they result from the balance between the pressure gradient and Coriolis force in the near absence of friction. Therefore, jet stream motion is associated with very small generation rates of kinetic energy to maintain the high wind velocities, and it is this generation rate that will ultimately limit the potential use of jet streams as a renewable energy resource. Here we estimate the maximum limit of jet stream wind power by considering extraction of kinetic energy as a term in the free energy balance of kinetic energy that describes the generation, depletion, and extraction of kinetic energy. We use this balance as the basis to quantify the maximum limit of how much kinetic energy can be extracted sustainably from the jet streams of the global atmosphere as well as the potential climatic impacts of its use. We first use a simple thought experiment of geostrophic flow to demonstrate why the high wind velocities of the jet streams are not associated with a high potential for renewable energy generation. We then use an atmospheric general circulation model to estimate that the maximum sustainable extraction from jet streams of the global atmosphere is about 7.5 TW. This estimate is about 200-times less than previous estimates and is due to the fact that the common expression for instantaneous wind power 12 ρv3 merely characterizes the transport of kinetic energy by the flow, but not the generation rate of kinetic energy. We also find that when maximum wind power is extracted from the jet streams, it results in significant climatic impacts due to a substantial increase of heat transport across the jet streams in the upper atmosphere. This results in upper atmospheric temperature differences of >20 °C, greater atmospheric stability, substantial reduction in synoptic activity, and substantial differences in surface climate. We conclude that jet stream wind power does not have the potential to become a significant source of renewable energy.
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4

Miller, L. M., F. Gans, and A. Kleidon. "Jet stream wind power as a renewable energy resource: little power, big impacts." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 2, no. 1 (June 17, 2011): 435–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-2-435-2011.

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Анотація:
Abstract. Jet streams are regions of sustained high wind speeds in the upper atmosphere and are seen by some as a substantial renewable energy resource. However, jet streams are nearly geostrophic flow, that is, they result from the balance between the pressure gradient and Coriolis force in the near absence of friction. Therefore, jet stream motion is associated with very small generation rates of kinetic energy to maintain the high wind velocities, and it is this generation rate that will ultimately limit the potential use of jet streams as a renewable energy resource. Here we estimate the maximum limit of jet stream wind power by considering extraction of kinetic energy as a term in the free energy balance of kinetic energy that describes the generation, depletion, and extraction of kinetic energy. We use this balance as the basis to quantify the maximum limit of how much kinetic energy can be extracted sustainably from the jet streams of the global atmosphere as well as the potential climatic impacts of its use. We first use a simple thought experiment of geostrophic flow to demonstrate why the high wind velocities of the jet streams are not associated with a high potential for renewable energy generation. We then use an atmospheric general circulation model to estimate that the maximum sustainable extraction from jet streams of the global atmosphere is about 7.5 TW. This estimate is about 200-times less than previous estimates and is due to the fact that the common expression for instantaneous wind power &frac12 ρ v3 merely characterizes the transport of kinetic energy by the flow, but not the generation rate of kinetic energy. We also find that when maximum wind power is extracted from the jet streams, it results in significant climatic impacts due to a substantial increase of heat transport across the jet streams in the upper atmosphere. This results in upper atmospheric temperature differences of >20 °C, greater atmospheric stability, substantial reduction in synoptic activity, and substantial differences in surface climate. We conclude that jet stream wind power does not have the potential to become a significant source of renewable energy.
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5

Raymond, C. F. "Energy balance of ice streams." Journal of Glaciology 46, no. 155 (2000): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756500781832701.

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AbstractAnalysis of the cross-flow transmission of force from the central parts of a well-lubricated ice stream to its margins shows that there is a corresponding shift in the lateral location of motion-induced heat generation. The rate of basal heat generation in the center can be substantially smaller than the local rate of potential energy loss given by driving stress times the speed of downslope motion. The basal heating is a maximum for an intermediate level of lubrication for which speed is about 40% of the speed over a friction-less bed and base stress is about 25% of the driving stress. Stable and unstable balances between meltwater production and drainage on the bed are identified. A stable steady state with a speed less (more) than that giving maximum heat generation is termed drainage-(production-) limited, since an increase in speed would lead to increased (decreased) basal melting and must (need not) be balanced by increased drainage. It is shown that gradual evolution of the basal water drainage system and the factors affecting basal melting can cause discontinuous jumps between fast- and slow-moving states. A simplified analysis applied to six cross-sections of West Antarctic Ice Streams B, D, E and Rutford Ice Stream shows them to be diverse in the level of support from the sides and corresponding shift of mechanical heating sideward from their central parts. The cross-sections of Ice Stream B near “Upstream B” may be production-limited, because of especially high lubrication and related support from the sides. Cross-sections in the upper part of Ice Stream D, Ice Stream E and Rutford Ice Stream are in a drainage-limited condition. Substantial reduction of basal heat generation by side drag (in most cases) and expected high heat flow into the basal ice associated with low thickness (in some cases) tends to favor basal freezing. Nevertheless, all of the examined cross-sections except one are expected to experience basal melting with a modest geothermal heat-flux density of 60 m W m−1 or less in some cases. The lower part of Ice Stream B is an exception, where the analysis indicates that geothermal flux density must exceed 80–100 m W−1 m to maintain melting. If this high geothermal flux is not present, then the base of the lower part of Ice Stream B may be freezing, which would suggest continued deceleration of this part of Ice Stream B.
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6

Perry, Russell W., Michael J. Bradford, and Jeffrey A. Grout. "Effects of disturbance on contribution of energy sources to growth of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in boreal streams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-035.

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Анотація:
We used stable isotopes of carbon in a growth-dependent tissue-turnover model to quantify the relative contribution of autochthonous and terrestrial energy sources to juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in five small boreal streams tributary to the upper Yukon River. We used a tissue-turnover model because fish did not grow enough to come into isotopic equilibrium with their diet. In two streams, autochthonous energy sources contributed 23 and 41% to the growth of juvenile salmon. In the other three, fish growth was largely due to terrestrial (i.e., allochthonous) energy sources. This low contribution of autochthonous energy appeared to be related to stream-specific disturbances: a recent forest fire impacted two of the streams and the third was affected by a large midsummer spate during the study. These disturbances reduced the relative abundance of herbivorous macroinvertebrates, the contribution of autochthonous material to other invertebrates, and ultimately, the energy flow between stream algae and fish. Our findings suggest that disturbances to streams can be an important mechanism affecting transfer of primary energy sources to higher trophic levels.
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7

Macayeal, D. R., R. A. Bindschadler, S. Shabtaie, S. Stephenson, and C. R. Bentley. "Force, Mass, and Energy Budgets of the Crary Ice Rise Complex, Antarctica." Journal of Glaciology 33, no. 114 (1987): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000008728.

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Анотація:
AbstractResistive force exerted by the Crary Ice Rise on its ice-shelf/ice-stream environment and back-pressure force transmitted across the grounding lines of Ice Streams A and B are calculated from airborne radio echo-sounding data and measurements of surface strain-rates. Resistance generated by the ice rise ranges in magnitude between 45 and 51% of the back-pressure force on the ice streams (depending on the flow law). The mechanical-energy budget of the ice rise is computed by considering work done against frictional forces at the perimeter of the ice rise and gravitational potential energy fluxes associated with changing mass distribution in the ice/ocean system. Energy dissipated by flow surrounding the ice rise is balanced by potential energy released within Ice Streams A and B, and accounts for between 15 and 49% of the work done by the ice streams against ice-shelf back pressure at their grounding lines. Mass balance of the ice rise, and the discharge of Ice Streams A and B, are calculated from surface-velocity and snow-accumulation measurements. The ice rise and its immediate environment gain mass by advection and snowfall at a rate equivalent to an area-averaged thickening rate of 0.44 ± 0.06 m/year. This mass gain may be balanced by regional basal melting (which we do not measure), or could contribute to ice-rise expansion through regional thickening and ice-shelf grounding. Approximately 1/4 to 1/2 of the excess volume discharged by Ice Streams A and B above snow accumulation in their catchment areas is deposited in the vicinity of the ice rise (or melted from the bottom of the ice shelf). This suggests that the ice rise may have formed as a consequence of recent ice-stream acceleration, and that its continued growth may eventually reverse this trend of ice-stream discharge.
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8

Macayeal, D. R., R. A. Bindschadler, S. Shabtaie, S. Stephenson, and C. R. Bentley. "Force, Mass, and Energy Budgets of the Crary Ice Rise Complex, Antarctica." Journal of Glaciology 33, no. 114 (1987): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000008728.

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Анотація:
AbstractResistive force exerted by the Crary Ice Rise on its ice-shelf/ice-stream environment and back-pressure force transmitted across the grounding lines of Ice Streams A and B are calculated from airborne radio echo-sounding data and measurements of surface strain-rates. Resistance generated by the ice rise ranges in magnitude between 45 and 51% of the back-pressure force on the ice streams (depending on the flow law). The mechanical-energy budget of the ice rise is computed by considering work done against frictional forces at the perimeter of the ice rise and gravitational potential energy fluxes associated with changing mass distribution in the ice/ocean system. Energy dissipated by flow surrounding the ice rise is balanced by potential energy released within Ice Streams A and B, and accounts for between 15 and 49% of the work done by the ice streams against ice-shelf back pressure at their grounding lines. Mass balance of the ice rise, and the discharge of Ice Streams A and B, are calculated from surface-velocity and snow-accumulation measurements. The ice rise and its immediate environment gain mass by advection and snowfall at a rate equivalent to an area-averaged thickening rate of 0.44 ± 0.06 m/year. This mass gain may be balanced by regional basal melting (which we do not measure), or could contribute to ice-rise expansion through regional thickening and ice-shelf grounding. Approximately 1/4 to 1/2 of the excess volume discharged by Ice Streams A and B above snow accumulation in their catchment areas is deposited in the vicinity of the ice rise (or melted from the bottom of the ice shelf). This suggests that the ice rise may have formed as a consequence of recent ice-stream acceleration, and that its continued growth may eventually reverse this trend of ice-stream discharge.
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9

Madinger, Hilary L., and Robert O. Hall Jr. "Nitrogen fluxes in Western streams." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 40 (December 15, 2017): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2017.5575.

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Анотація:
Nitrogen pollution to streams is altering the nitrogen cycling in unknown ways, causing challenges for predicting nitrogen fixation fluxes within aquatic ecosystems. Increasing nitrate pollution decreases the amount of nitrogen fixation occurring in streams. However, the relationship between stream nitrate concentration and the rate of nitrogen fixation is unknown. We predict that lower nitrate streams will have the highest rates of nitrogen fixation. Additionally, there will be much more energy produced in streams with nitrogen fixation compared to the amount required to fix the nitrogen. We estimated whole-stream gross primary production and nitrogen fixation fluxes using the diel change in dissolved nitrogen and oxygen gases compared to the expected dissolved gas saturation. Our whole-stream method is preferable to chamber estimates to understand the relationship between energy requirements for nitrogen fixation and gross primary production, but additional data is needed to distinguish between relationship types and make our measurements generalizable. Featured photo by Intermountain Forest Service, USDA Region 4 Photography on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/jbTRUj
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10

Mandelker, Nir, Daisuke Nagai, Han Aung, Avishai Dekel, Yuval Birnboim, and Frank C. van den Bosch. "Instability of supersonic cold streams feeding galaxies – IV. Survival of radiatively cooling streams." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 2641–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa812.

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ABSTRACT We study the effects of Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability (KHI) on the cold streams that feed massive haloes at high redshift, generalizing our earlier results to include the effects of radiative cooling and heating from a UV background, using analytic models and high resolution idealized simulations. We currently do not consider self-shielding, thermal conduction, or gravity. A key parameter in determining the fate of the streams is the ratio of the cooling time in the turbulent mixing layer which forms between the stream and the background following the onset of the instability, $t_{\rm cool,\, mix}$, to the time in which the mixing layer expands to the width of the stream in the non-radiative case, tshear. This can be converted into a critical stream radius, Rs, crit, such that $R_{\rm s}/R_{\rm s,crit}=t_{\rm shear}/t_{\rm cool,\, mix}$. If Rs < Rs, crit, the non-linear evolution proceeds similarly to the non-radiative case studied by Mandelker et al. If Rs > Rs,crit, which we find to almost always be the case for astrophysical cold streams, the stream is not disrupted by KHI. Rather, background mass cools and condenses on to the stream, and can increase the mass of cold gas by a factor of ∼3 within 10 stream sound crossing times. The mass entrainment induces thermal energy losses from the background and kinetic energy losses from the stream, which we model analytically. Roughly half of the dissipated energy is radiated away from gas with $T \lt 5\times 10^4\, {\rm K}$, suggesting much of it will be emitted in Ly α.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Energy streams"

1

Gunapati, Venkat Yashwanth. "CLOUD BASED DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING PLATFORM FOR MULTIMODAL ENERGY DATA STREAMS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1399373847.

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2

Altawell, Najib. "A systematic approach to biomass and energy crop streams for co-firing." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522986.

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3

Fernandez, Rodriguez Emmanuel. "Analysis of floating support structures for marine and wind energy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/analysis-of-floating-support-structures-for-marine-and-wind-energy(f4870ce2-b8b5-4c7e-ba7e-f91a1d3c4bc9).html.

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Bed connected support structures such as monopiles are expected to be impractical for water depths greater than 30 m and so there is increasing interest in alternative structure concepts to enable cost-effective deployment of wind and tidal stream turbines. Floating, moored platforms supporting multiple rotors are being considered for this purpose. This thesis investigates the dynamic response of such floating structures, taking into account the coupling between loading due to both turbulent flow and waves and the dynamic response of the system. The performance and loading of a single rotor in steady and quasi-steady flows are quantified with a Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) code. This model is validated for steady flow against published data for two 0.8 m diameter rotors (Bahaj, Batten, et al., 2007; Galloway et al., 2011) and a 0.27 m diameter rotor (Whelan and Stallard, 2011). Time-averaged coefficients of thrust and power measured by experiment in steady turbulent flow were in agreement with BEMT predictions over a range of angular speeds. The standard deviation of force on the rotor is comparable to that on a porous grid for comparable turbulence characteristics. Drag and added mass coefficients are determined for a porous disc forced to oscillate normal to the rotor plane in quiescent flow and in the streamwise axis in turbulent flow. Added mass is negligible for the Keulegan Carpenter number range considered ( less than 1). The drag coefficient in turbulent flow was found to decay exponentially with number, to 2±10% for values greater than 0.5. These coefficients were found to be in good agreement with those for a rotor in the same turbulent flow with disc drag coefficient within 12.5% for less than 0.65. An extreme-value analysis is applied to the measured time-varying thrust due to turbulent flow and turbulent flow with waves to obtain forces with 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% probability of exceedance during operating conditions. The 1% exceedance force in turbulent flow with turbulence intensity of 12% is around 40% greater than the mean thrust. The peak force in turbulent flow with opposing waves was predicted to within 6% by superposition of the extreme force due to turbulence only with a drag force based on the relative wave-induced velocity at hub-height estimated by linear wave theory and with drag coefficient of 2.0. Response of a floating structure in surge and pitch is studied due to both wave- forcing on the platform defined by the linear diffraction code WAMIT and due to loading of the operating turbine defined by a thrust coefficient and drag coefficient. Platform response can either increase or decrease the loading on the rotor and this was dependant on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the support platform. A reduction of the force on the rotor is attained when the phase difference between the wave force on the support and the surface elevation is close to ± and when the damping of the support is increased. For a typical support and for a wave condition with phase difference close to , the 1% rotor forces were reduced by 8% when compared to the force obtained with a rotor supported on a stiff tower.
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4

Colon-Gaud, Jose Checo. "ENERGY FLOW AND MACROINVERTEBRATE PRODUCTION IN PANAMANIAN HIGHLAND STREAMS: ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF AMPHIBIAN DECLINES." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/280.

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Анотація:
Amphibian populations around the world have been declining rapidly over the past two decades, particularly in upland regions of the neotropics, where a fungal pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis has decimated many regions. Despite increasing concern over these and other dramatic losses of biodiversity, little information is available on the overall ecological effects of amphibian declines. As part of the Tropical Amphibian Declines in Streams (TADS) project, I quantified major energy fluxes, secondary production, and macroinvertebrate community structure for two consecutive years in four stream reaches in the Panamanian uplands, two with healthy amphibian populations and two that had experienced amphibian declines in 1996-1997. Despite relatively high year-round inputs of allochthonous organic materials, storage of detritus in the stream channels was low compared to streams in temperate regions. Organic matter inputs and standing stocks were similar between pre- and post-decline streams, and did not differ appreciably with season. Seston export was a major energetic flux in these systems, and differences in the nutritional quality (C:N) of seston in pre- and post-decline streams suggested that the loss of tadpoles may decrease the quality of materials exported from these headwaters. At coarse scales (e.g., total abundance) macroinvertebrate assemblages were similar between pre- and post-decline sites, but there were noticeable differences in production and functional and taxonomic structure. Pre-decline reaches had higher shredder production and post-decline streams had higher scraper production. In addition, taxonomic differences between pre- and post-decline streams were also evident, with a shift from dominance of smaller scraper taxa in pre-decline sites (i.e. Psephenus) to larger-bodied scrapers such as Petrophila in post-decline reaches. Filterer production was dominated by hydropsychid caddisflies in pre-decline reaches, whereas black flies dominated filterer production in post-decline reaches. Overall, detritus and detritivores dominated energy flow in all study reaches. However, scrapers were well represented in these systems and appeared to be food-limited, particularly in pre-decline reaches where grazing tadpoles were still abundant. During the second year of my study, predicted amphibian declines began at the pre-decline site. The loss of amphibians through this year resulted in subtle shifts in macroinvertebrate functional and taxonomic structure, which correlated with changes in available food resources. Some grazing mayflies responded positively to declining tadpole populations and subsequent increased periphyton resources, suggesting a potential for some degree of functional redundancy in these systems. However, other grazers, such as the water penny beetle Psephenus, showed no response during the period of study. My results indicate that responses of remaining consumers to tadpole declines in streams may not be evident at some coarse scales (e.g., total abundance, biomass). However, differences in secondary production at the community and the functional level, along with assemblage structure changes were evident, with some individual taxa responding relatively quickly. Long-term studies in these same stream reaches will further illuminate the ultimate ecological consequences of these dramatic and sudden losses of consumer diversity.
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5

Colón-Gaud, José Checo. "Energy flow and macroinvertebrate production in Panamanian highland streams : assessing the impacts of amphibian declines /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674100701&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008.
"Department of Zoology." Keywords: Amphibians, Biodiversity, Declines, Macroinvertebrates, Production, Streams. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-114). Also available online.
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6

Hogsden, Kristy Lynn. "Structure and function of food webs in acid mine drainage streams." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10357.

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Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a significant environmental issue worldwide, which often causes severe contamination and marked species losses in receiving streams. However, little is known about how this stress alters food webs and ecosystem function. I conducted a literature review, which revealed that AMD-impacted streams generally had depauperate benthic communities dominated by a few tolerant species and impaired ecosystem processes. Next, using survey and experimental-based approaches, I investigated food web structure and energy flow in these highly stressed streams, which typically have low pH (< 3), high concentrations of dissolved metals (Al, Fe), and substrata coated with metal hydroxide precipitates, on the South Island, New Zealand. Inputs of AMD caused substantial loss of consumers and reduced the overall number of links between species generating small and simplified food webs, with few invertebrates and no fish. Comparative analysis of food webs from a survey of 20 streams with either anthropogenic or natural sources of acidity and metals, indicated that anthropogenic sources had a stronger negative effect on food web properties (size, food chain length, number of links); an effect driven primarily by differences in consumer diversity and diet. However, the presence of fewer trophic levels and reduced trophic diversity (detected using isotopic metrics), were common structural attributes in AMD-impacted webs along a pH gradient, regardless of impact level. Furthermore, complementary dietary analyses of consumer gut contents and stable isotope signatures (δ13C and 15N) confirmed that primary consumers fed generally on basal resources and that there were few predatory interactions, which reflected low densities of small-bodied chironomids. This suggests that food quantity was unlikely to limit primary consumers but that reduced prey availability may be an additional stressor for predators. In these radically re-structured food webs, trophic bottlenecks were generated at the primary consumer level and energy flow to higher consumers was disrupted. However, streams still retained some limited function, including slow leaf litter breakdown, which provided detrital resources and supported the small food webs. Overall, my findings have furthered our understanding of these highly stressed stream ecosystems by providing new insights into interactions among species and trophic levels that structure food webs and enable function.
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7

Merck, Madeline F. "Variability of Water Storage and Instream Temperature in Beaded Arctic Streams." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/912.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate variation in water export and instream temperatures throughout the open water season in a beaded Arctic stream, consisting of small pools connected by shallow chutes. The goals are to better understand heat and mass movement through these systems, how this may impact chemical and biological processes, and the resulting shifts with changes in climate. This is accomplished by first examining the extent and variability of water storage and export through qualitative analysis of observational data. Further, heat fate and transport is examined through development of an instream temperature model. The model formulation, a simple approach to model calibration and validation, and information regarding residence and characteristic times of different pool layers are presented. Using temperatures measured at high spatial resolution within the pools and surrounding bed sediments as well as other supporting data (e.g., instream flow, specific conductivity, weather data, and bathymetry), various types of storage within the pools, banks, and marshy areas within the riparian zone, including subsurface flow paths that connect the pools, were found. Additionally, data illustrated that some pools will stay stratified during higher flow periods under certain weather conditions. Through modeling efforts, the dominant heat sources were found to vary between stratified layers. It was also found that potential increases in thaw depths surrounding these pools can shift stratification and mixing patterns. These shifts can further influence mass export dynamics and instream water quality. Given the amount and different types of storage within these systems and the influence of stratification patterns on the residence times in the pools, Imnavait Basin and similar beaded Arctic watersheds will likely experience delayed export of nutrients that are limiting in most Arctic systems.
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8

Deront, Eva. "L’Atome de la Discorde : évolutions de la politique nucléaire de l’Union européenne de 2000 à 2016." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH002.

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Cette thèse étudie les conditions et l’ampleur des évolutions de la politique nucléaire de l’Union européenne, de 2000 à 2016. Depuis le milieu des années 1990, plusieurs événements – ou « fenêtres d’opportunité » selon la terminologie du Multiple Streams Framework – ont remis les politiques nucléaires au centre de l’attention des décideurs européens : l’adhésion de nouveaux Etats membres en 2004 ; différentes Présidences du Conseil et nominations de Commissaires ayant pris clairement position sur les questions nucléaires ; l’accident de Fukushima de mars 2011 ; et enfin, les deux sorties du nucléaire allemandes, en 2000 et 2011.La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à l’analyse de l’ampleur du changement introduit par les directives adoptées durant la période étudiée: les directives sûreté réacteur de 2009 et 2014, ainsi que la directive déchets radioactifs de 2011. La deuxième partie étudie les facteurs de stabilité qui ont empêché la mise à l’agenda ou l’adoption de certaines propositions, comme les politiques d’harmonisation des régimes de responsabilité civile ou comme les tentatives d’abolition du traité Euratom.Parmi les différentes variables testées, des coûts de mise en œuvre limités, ainsi que l’existence d’indicateurs pour un problème donné, sont apparus comme des conditions nécessaires (mais non suffisantes) pour un changement de politique.La variable la plus pertinente pour expliquer les changements contenus dans les directives adoptées est l’évolution de la place d’un problème dans les priorités des acteurs. L’accident de Fukushima n’a modifié ni les conditions objectives d’existence d’un problème, ni, sur le long terme, les priorités des Etats Membres ou du secteur nucléaire. Ainsi, les propositions post Fukushima tendant à augmenter le rôle de la Commission européenne ou une calibration plus stricte des mesures de sûreté ont donc été partiellement rejetées, pour finalement aboutir à une révision de la directive sûreté, en 2014, avec peu de changements. De même, la priorité accordée à la résolution des problèmes nationaux liés à gestion des déchets radioactifs a abouti à l’adoption d’une directive incluant des mesures plus précises.Les principaux changements ayant eu lieu dans les directives étudiées concernent leur logique instrumentale et leur calibration ; aucun changement n’a été observé dans les buts ou les orientations générales de la politique nucléaire de l’UE. La politique nucléaire de l’UE semble ainsi particulièrement stable.Cette thèse met en évidence plusieurs facteurs d’inertie des politiques et institutions d’Euratom, malgré l’action d’entrepreneurs politiques : le haut niveau de méfiance entre acteurs, la délégation de la sûreté à des agences indépendantes, la dépendance au sentier liée à la technologie nucléaire, et la flexibilité « incorporée » dans Euratom. Ces facteurs réduisent le nombre d’entrepreneurs politiques potentiellement efficaces ainsi que l’éventail de leurs stratégies pour promouvoir un changement. En plus des facteurs institutionnels, la stabilité des politiques et institutions est également promue par des veto players.Néanmoins, les problèmes récents auxquels est confronté le secteur nucléaire européen (intégration croissante de sources d’énergie renouvelable, difficultés économiques) érodent les conditions de reproduction et de stabilité des institutions d’Euratom. Cet aspect se traduit notamment dans le progressif retrait du nucléaire des communications officielles mentionnant les sources d’énergie à développer pour remplir les objectifs de l’Union.En se basant sur le MSF et sur l’institutionnalisme historique, cette thèse démontre ainsi que les évolutions de la politique nucléaire de l’UE requièrent trois conditions : l’action d’un entrepreneur politique, l’émergence d’un problème dans les priorités des principaux acteurs et, pour des changements d’orientation ou d’institution, l’érosion des mécanismes de reproduction
The goal of this dissertation is to understand the conditions under which the nuclear policy of the European Union has evolved – between 2000 and 2016 — as well as the scope of these evolutions. From the mid-1990s onwards, various events – “windows of opportunity” in the terminology of the Multiple Streams Framework – brought nuclear energy back to the attention of European policy-makers: the accession of new member states in 2004; different Council presidencies and nomination of Commissioners with a strong position on nuclear energy; the Fukushima accident in March 2011; Germany’s first and second nuclear phase-outs (in 2000 and 2011).This PhD proceeds in two parts: First, it analyses the scope of change in policies that have been set on the agenda and finally adopted (the reactor safety and the radioactive waste management directives); second, it analyses the stability factors that have hindered the agenda-setting or the decision-making on proposals for policy change or institutional reforms (harmonisations of civil liability regimes, licensing processes, or decommissioning funds; abolition of the Euratom treaty).Among the several variables tested, low implementation costs, as well as the existence of problem indicators, may be a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for policy change.The most relevant variable accounting for the policy changes included in the adopted directives, was the evolution of the problem in place of actors’ priorities. The Fukushima accident neither modified the objective conditions of existence of a problem, nor the long-term priority of Member States or the nuclear sector. Hence the post-Fukushima proposals suggesting an increase in the role of the European Commission or a stricter calibration of safety measures have been partially rejected. Hence there was no substantial policy change in the safety directive adopted in 2014. In a similar way, the priority granted to overcoming national problems of radioactive waste management led to the 2011 radioactive waste directive, which contained more settings than the 2009 reactor safety directive .The main changes observed in the directives impacted their settings, instrumental logic and calibration; no change has been observed in the goals or orientations of the EU nuclear policy since 2000. Therefore, the EU nuclear policy seems especially stable: in many cases, policy proposals did not even make in onto the agenda of the Council.In order to account for the stability of the policy in spite of the action of policy entrepreneurs, this PhD underlines the particular “stickiness” of the Euratom institutions and policies: The high distrust among actors; the delegation of safety to independent agencies; the technological path-dependence linked to the use of nuclear energy; and the “built-in” institutional flexibility of Euratom. These factors reduce the number of potential successful policy entrepreneurs and the range of strategies of change. Not only the institutional context but also the defiance among actors has accounted for the particular stability of the European nuclear policy and for the absence of change in goals or objectives: Stability was promoted by veto players, whose actions can be taken into account by the Multiple Streams Framework.Still, the recent problems facing the nuclear sector (growing renewable energy share, economic difficulties) are eroding the conditions of stability and mechanisms of reproduction of the European nuclear institutions. This is reflected in the progressive modification of the Commission’s official positions on nuclear energy, which is no longer included in the energy sources to be developed to meet the EU’s energy objectives.Relying both on the MSF and the historical institutionalism, this PhD shows that change in the European nuclear policy requires the action of a policy entrepreneur, the erosion of reproduction mechanisms and the occurrence of a problem among the priorities of main actors
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9

Taylor, Stephen H. "Analytical Modeling and Optimization of a Thermoelectric Heat Conversion System Operating Betweeen Fluid Streams." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2813.

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Analytical, closed-form solutions governing thermoelectric behavior are derived. An analytical model utilizing a thermal circuit is presented involving heat transfer into, through, out of, and around a thermoelectric device. A nondimensionalization of the model is presented. Linear heat transfer theory is applied to the model to obtain a series of closed form equations predicting net power output for the thermoelectric device. Fluid streams flowing through shrouded heat sinks with square pin fins are considered for the thermal pathways to and from the device. Heat transfer and pressure drop are characterized in a manner conducive to an analytical model using previously published experimental results. Experimental data is presented which validates and demonstrates the usefulness of the model in predicting power output for commercially available thermoelectric generators. A specific design for a thermoelectric power harvester is suggested consisting of a pattern of thermoelectric generators. An economic model for calculating payback time is developed. An optimization process is demonstrated that allows for the payback time of such a system to be minimized through optimization of the physical design of the system. It is shown that optimization of the thermal pathways dramatically reduces payback time. Optimized design of a system is discussed in light of theoretical cases with feasible payback times.
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10

Meyer, Lars Alan. "In Light of Energy: Influences of Light Pollution on Linked Stream-Riparian Invertebrate Communities." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345479410.

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Книги з теми "Energy streams"

1

Kremer, Fran V. Recoverable materials and energy from industrial waste streams. Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 1987.

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2

Performance power: Transforming stress into creative energy. Tempe, Ariz: Summit Books, 1993.

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3

Krüger, Irmtraud Tarr. Performance power: Transforming stress into creative energy. Tempe, Ariz: Summit Books, 1993.

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4

Comissiona, Robinne. A practical guide to releasing tension (and increasing energy). New York: Rivercross Pub., 1991.

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5

Kreitmair, Monika Johanna. The Effect of Uncertainty on Tidal Stream Energy Resource Estimates. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57658-5.

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6

Tager, Mark. Transforming stress into power: The energy director system. Chicago, Ill: Great Performance, Inc., 1988.

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Liu, Zonglin Lewis. Microbial stress tolerance for biofuels: Systems biology. New York: Springer, 2012.

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8

Grygoryan, Rafik D. The energy basis of reversible adaptation. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

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9

Stress for success: The proven program for transforming stress into positive energy at work. New York: Times Business, 1997.

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The energy break: Recharge your life with autokinetics. New York: Golden Books, 1998.

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Частини книг з теми "Energy streams"

1

Fitch-Roy, Oscar, and Jenny Fairbrass. "Connecting the Streams." In Negotiating the EU’s 2030 Climate and Energy Framework, 99–125. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90948-6_6.

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2

Madan, Sapana S., and Kailas L. Wasewar. "Removal of Phenylacetic Acid from Aqueous Streams." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 209–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47257-7_19.

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3

Pericleous, K. A., M. Molaei, and M. K. Patel. "CO2Removal from Industrial Off-Gas Streams by Fluidized Bed Carbonation." In Energy Technology 2012, 39–46. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118365038.ch6.

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Goyal, Nihit, and Michael Howlett. "Conceptualizing energy democracy using the multiple streams framework." In Routledge Handbook of Energy Democracy, 66–81. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429402302-7.

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Bronicki, Lucien Y. "Power Generation from Low-Grade Heat Streams." In Power Stations Using Locally Available Energy Sources, 371–84. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7510-5_1026.

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Chen, W. S., M. Roghair, D. Triana Mecerreyes, D. P. B. T. B. Strik, Carolien Kroeze, and C. J. N. Buisman. "Mixed Culture Chain Elongation (MCCE)—A Novel Biotechnology for Renewable Biochemical Production from Organic Residual Streams." In Energy Engineering, 157–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3102-1_16.

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Jamwal, Priyanka. "Remediation of Contaminated Urban Streams: A Decentralized Ecological Wastewater Treatment Approach." In Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, 29–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7551-3_3.

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Kazmi, Aqeel H., Michael J. O’Grady, and Gregory M. P. O’Hare. "Real-Time Event Detection for Energy Data Streams." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 221–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14112-1_18.

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9

Müller, Egon, Timo Stock, and Rainer Schillig. "Energy Value-Stream Mapping - A Method to Optimize Value-Streams in Respect of Time and Energy Consumption." In Enabling Manufacturing Competitiveness and Economic Sustainability, 285–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02054-9_48.

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Tesfaye, Fiseha, Daniel Lindberg, and Joseph Hamuyuni. "Valuable Metals and Energy Recovery from Electronic Waste Streams." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 103–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52192-3_11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Energy streams"

1

Campbell, Bradford, Samuel DeBruin, and Prabal Dutta. "Disambiguating household energy-harvesting energy meter data streams." In the 11th ACM Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2517351.2517418.

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2

Mesarina, Melena, and Yoshio Turner. "Reduced-energy decoding of MPEG streams." In Electronic Imaging 2002, edited by Martin G. Kienzle and Prashant J. Shenoy. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.449990.

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3

Kanouff, Paul A. "Restoration of Streams and Wetlands Following Pipeline Construction Projects." In Shale Energy Engineering Conference 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413654.045.

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4

Omelchenko, O. A., D. A. Rychkov, V. V. Prytkov, D. E. Ukraintseva, A. G. Kasperovich, and M. V. Ovsyankin. "Simulation and calculations of processing and transportation of hydrocarbon streams in spreadsheets." In ENERGY QUEST 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eq140782.

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5

Krishnan, Ashok, Prakash K. Ray, and A. K. Barisal. "Optimal scheduling of multi-energy systems with load scheduling in multiple energy streams." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid, and Renewable Energy (PESGRE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgre52268.2022.9715745.

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6

Elmakki, Tasneem, Sifani Zavahir, Mona Gulied, Reem Azam, Peter Peter Kasak, Anton Popelka, and Dong Suk Han. "Simultaneous CO2 Treatment and Blue Energy Generation from Wasted Industrial Streams." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0009.

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In the last decade, there has been an increased global need for finding bright solutions to tackle industrial wastes and emissions release. Herein, this work explores the utilization of a compact Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) system that transforms the chemical potential energy of mixing an ammonia based purified industrial wastewater stream (low concentration stream - LC), with an effluent high salinity RO brine stream (High concentration-HC) into viable electrical energy. The LC and HC streams are directed from ammonia production plants and seawater reverse osmosis desalination plants, respectively. The acquired electrical energy from this RED process is simultaneously used to power an Electrochemical (EC) system. The electrochemical system utilizes two critical waste streams produced from ammonia production plants. One being a wastewater stream that is purified in the anode chamber of the cell via the use of active chlorine species, and the other being the huge amount of emitted CO2 that is directed into the cathode chamber and there converted to value added chemicals. The purified wastewater stream coming out of the EC system is used as the aforementioned LC stream in the RED process, hence, forming an integrated RED-EC system that manages industrial waste streams, minimizes liquid discharge & CO2 emissions, and employs a sustainable internal energy production process. In this study, the RED system is first optimized to attain the maximum power density through exploring the influence of concentrate and dilute stream concentrations, compositions and flowrates. In addition, to the number of membrane pairs needed to produce desired voltages. The RED cell gave a maximum power density of 3.25 W.m-2 with 20 membrane pairs and a salinity gradient of 0.98M between a concentrated brine stream and a mixed NaCl/(NH4)2SO4 stream. Furthermore, around 15 cell pairs were needed to provide -1.5 V of energy to drive CO2 conversion to formate.
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7

Phillips, J. B. "ENERGY FROM WASTE: THERMAL ENERGY RECOVERY FROM COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VENT STREAMS." In International Heat Transfer Conference 10. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc10.290.

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8

DĄBROWSKA, Magdalena, Milena JAWOREK, Adam ŚWIĘTOCHOWSKI, and Aleksander LISOWSKI. "VALUABLE ENERGY OF BIOCHAR FROM AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST WASTE STREAMS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.011.

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Wastes from forest and agricultural industry are still insufficiently used. One of the ways of their preprocessing is a pyrolysis process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the energetic properties of biochar made of walnut shells, forest wood chips and willow chips. The studies were performed according to standards. The moisture contents of the material, the ash contents, the net and gross calorific values were determined. Low moisture and ash content were found in each of the biochar species. For all tested samples the ash contents were lower than 6% and for forest wood chips it was 1.5% only. The way of processing the biomass in the pyrolysis process significantly increased the calorific value of the raw materials. It was found that the net calorific values of the tested materials were high and reached the amount of 26.58 MJ‧kg-1 for biochar made of walnut shells, 22.29 MJ‧kg-1 for biochar made of forest wood chips and 24.59 MJ‧kg-1 for biochar made of willow chips. Due to the good physical properties of biochar produced from waste and biological materials, it was found that these solid fuels can be used for energy purposes.
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9

Beaumont, E. Larry. "The eco/Tech Sludge Recycling System: New Waste Streams, New Revenues." In 10th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec10-1008.

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The eco/Technologies Sludge Recycling System (eco/Tech SRS) is an important new patented and commercially proven technology that provides resource recovery facilities with a new revenue source and the potential for reduced oxides of nitrogen emissions. The eco/Tech SRS offers an environmentally sound, cost-effective disposal option for sludge producers, while ensuring significant increased net revenue potential for municipal waste combustor facilities. As the wastewater treatment industry faces increasing regulatory scrutiny that will result in more expensive sludge disposal practices, the resource recovery industry, which has already met the regulatory challenge and has taken the lead in compliance and corporate citizenship, can provide the answer.
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10

Depiak, A., and I. Wierzba. "The Catalytic Oxidation of Heated Lean Homogeneously Premixed Gaseous-Fuel Air Streams." In ASME 2002 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2002/cae-29065.

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Results are presented of an experimental laboratory investigation of the oxidation reactions of heated low velocity streams of homogeneous lean fuel-air mixtures within a packed bed tubular reactor at atmospheric pressure in the presence of non-noble metal oxides catalysts. The main fuel considered was methane, however, other common gaseous fuels, i.e. propane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and ethylene were also examined for comparative purposes. It was shown that binary cobalt oxide/chromium oxide catalysts can be effective in the oxidation of very lean fuel-air mixtures. Furthermore, there is an optimum value of their mass ratio that could produce a significant improvement to the low temperature oxidation of the lean mixtures examined and the corresponding resulting emissions.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Energy streams"

1

Keiser, James R., Dexin Wang, Brian L. Bischoff, Richard J. CioraJr, Balasubramaniam Radhakrishnan, and Sarma B. Gorti. Advanced Membrane Separation Technologies For Energy Recovery From Industrial Process Streams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1069330.

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2

Keiser, J. R., D. Wang, B. Bischoff, Ciora, B. Radhakrishnan, and S. B. Gorti. Advanced Membrane Separation Technologies for Energy Recovery from Industrial Process Streams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1073610.

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3

Haas, Kevin A., Hermann M. Fritz, Steven P. French, Brennan T. Smith, and Vincent Neary. Assessment of Energy Production Potential from Tidal Streams in the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219367.

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4

Haas, Kevin A. Assessment of Energy Production Potential from Tidal Streams in the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1023527.

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5

Gebrezgabher, S., S. Amewu, A. Taron, and M. Otoo. Energy recovery from domestic and agro-waste streams in Uganda: a socioeconomic assessment. International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE)., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2016.207.

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6

Greenly, John B., and Charles Seyler. Experimental and Computational Studies of High Energy Density Plasma Streams Ablated from Fine Wires. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1126876.

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7

Southworth, G. R., A. J. Stewart, M. J. Peterson, and T. L. Ashwood. Bioaccumulation monitoring and toxicity testing in streams and groundwater wells at the US Department of Energy Kansas City Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10137733.

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8

Southworth, G. R., A. J. Stewart, M. J. Peterson, and T. L. Ashwood. Bioaccumulation monitoring and toxicity testing in streams and groundwater wells at the US Department of Energy Kansas City Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5218239.

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9

Emelyanov, I. I., N. N. Ziyatdinov, and T. V. Lapteva. Method of calculating optimal economic estimates for heat exchange of technological streams during heat and energy integration using heat pumps. OFERNIO, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/ofernio.2020.24739.

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10

Testoni, A. L. Energy Efficient Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants (o-HAPs) from Industrial Waste Streams by Direct Electron Oxidation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1028994.

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