Готові списки джерел за темами / Energy Localization

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Energy Localization"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 19 жовтня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Energy Localization"

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Jurdak, Raja, Peter Corke, Alban Cotillon, Dhinesh Dharman, Chris Crossman, and Guillaume Salagnac. "Energy-efficient localization." ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 9, no. 2 (March 2013): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2422966.2422980.

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2

Costanzo, Alessandra, Davide Dardari, Jurgis Aleksandravicius, Nicolo Decarli, Massimo Del Prete, Davide Fabbri, Marco Fantuzzi, et al. "Energy Autonomous UWB Localization." IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification 1, no. 3 (September 2017): 228–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jrfid.2018.2792538.

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3

Rosen, Nathan. "Localization of gravitational energy." Foundations of Physics 15, no. 10 (October 1985): 997–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00732842.

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4

Ketelaar, J. A. A., and J. van Dranen. "The energy of localization." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 69, no. 4 (September 2, 2010): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19500690412.

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5

Absalamov, R. A., Т. J. Radjabov, I. R. Tolibjanov, and B. T. Ibragimov. "Regularity Of Localization Of Fires At Energy Facilities In Uzbekistan." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue02-13.

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Анотація:
In the article, the author analyzes emergencies at power plants in Uzbekistan, including research by scientists who conducted their research on extinguishing and localizing fires with the use of appropriate technical means at energy facilities, taking into account the observance of safety measures for energy facilities that have the property of electric shock to firefighters. In addition, the author provides a mathematical analysis of a fire event using the multi-interval method and formulates the appropriate conclusions. At the same time, the author proposes the use of the latest information technologies in extinguishing fires of this kind.
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Ahmed, M., and S. Moazzam Hossain. "Energy Localization in Curved Spacetime." Progress of Theoretical Physics 93, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 901–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp/93.5.901.

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Medvedev, N. N., M. D. Starostenkov, and M. E. Manley. "Energy localization on theAlsublattice ofPt3AlwithL12order." Journal of Applied Physics 114, no. 21 (December 7, 2013): 213506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4837598.

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Dauxois, Thierry, and Michel Peyrard. "Energy localization in nonlinear lattices." Physical Review Letters 70, no. 25 (June 21, 1993): 3935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.70.3935.

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Takeno, S., and G. P. Tsironis. "Energy localization and molecular dissociation." Physics Letters A 343, no. 4 (August 2005): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2004.11.066.

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Cheng, Qiang, and Tie Jun Cui. "Energy localization using anisotropic metamaterials." Physics Letters A 367, no. 4-5 (July 2007): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2007.03.033.

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Дисертації з теми "Energy Localization"

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Shareef, Ali. "Localization and Energy Modeling in Wireless Sensor Networks." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ShareefA2008.pdf.

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Ezanno, Philippe. "Vibration localization and statistical energy analysis in coupled systems." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063056/.

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Vecchia, Davide. "Energy-efficient, Large-scale Ultra-wideband Communication and Localization." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/349081.

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Анотація:
Among the low-power wireless technologies that have emerged in recent years, ultra-wideband (UWB) has successfully established itself as the reference for accurate ranging and localization, both outdoors and indoors. Due to its unprecedented performance, paired with relatively low energy consumption, UWB is going to play a central role in the next wave of location-based applications. As the trend of integration in smartphones continues, UWB is also expected to reach ordinary users, revolutionizing our lives the same way GPS and similar technologies have done. But the impact of UWB may not be limited to ranging and localization. Because of its considerable data rate, and its robustness to obstacles and interference, UWB communication may hold untapped potential for sensing and control applications. Nevertheless, several research questions still need to be answered to assess whether UWB can be adopted widely in the communication and localization landscapes. On one hand, the rapid evolution of UWB radios and the release of ever more efficient chips is a clear indication of the growing market for this technology. However, for it to become pervasive, full-fledged communication and localization systems must be developed and evaluated, tackling the shortcomings affecting current prototypes. UWB systems are typically single-hop networks designed for small areas, making them impractical for large-scale coverage. This limitation is found in communication and localization systems alike. Specifically for communication systems, energy-efficient multi-hop protocols are hitherto unexplored. As for localization systems, they rely on mains-powered anchors to circumvent the issue of energy consumption, in addition to only supporting small areas. Very few options are available for light, easy to deploy infrastructures using battery-powered anchors. Nonetheless, large-scale systems are required in common settings like industrial facilities and agricultural fields, but also office spaces and museums. The general goal of enabling UWB in spaces like these entails a number of issues. Large multi-hop infrastructures exacerbate the known limitations of small, single-hop, networks; notably, reliability and latency requirements clash with the need to reduce energy consumption. Finally, when device mobility is a factor, continuity of operations across the covered area is a challenge in itself. In this thesis, we design energy-efficient UWB systems for large-scale areas, supporting device mobility across multi-hop infrastructures. As our opening contribution, we study the unique interference rejection properties of the radio to inform our design. This analysis yields a number of findings on the impact of interference in communication and distance estimation, that are directly usable by developers to improve UWB solutions. These findings also suggest that concurrent transmissions in the same frequency channel are a practical option in UWB. While the overlapping of frames is typically avoided to prevent collisions, concurrent transmissions have counter-intuitively been used to provide highly reliable communication primitives for a variety of traffic patterns in narrowband radios. In our first effort to use concurrent transmissions in a full system, we introduce the UWB version of Glossy, a renowned protocol for efficient network-wide synchronization and data dissemination. Inspired by the success of concurrency-based protocols in narrowband, we then apply the same principles to define a novel data collection protocol, Weaver. Instead of relying on independent Glossy floods like state-of-the-art systems, we weave multiple data flows together to make our collection engine faster, more reliable and more energy-efficient. With Glossy and Weaver supporting the communication aspect in large-scale networks, we then propose techniques for large-scale localization systems. We introduce TALLA, a TDoA solution for continuous position estimation based on wireless synchronization. We evaluate TALLA in an UWB testbed and in simulations, for which we replicate accurately the behavior of the clocks in our real-world platforms. We then offer a glimpse of what TALLA can be employed for, deploying an infrastructure in a science museum to track visitors. The collected movement traces allow us to analyze fine-grained stop-move mobility patterns and infer the sequence of visited exhibits, which is only possible because of the high spatio-temporal granularity offered by TALLA. Finally, with SONAR, we tackle the issue of large-scale ranging and localization when the infrastructure cannot be mains-powered. By blending synchronization and scheduling operations into neighbor discovery and ranging, we drastically reduce energy consumption and ensure years-long system lifetime. Overall, this thesis enhances UWB applicability in scenarios that were previously precluded to the technology, by providing the missing communication and localization support for large areas and battery-powered devices. Throughout the thesis, we follow an experiment-driven approach to validate our protocol models and simulations. Based on the evidence collected during this research endeavor, we develop full systems that operate in a large testbed at our premises, showing that our solutions are immediately applicable in real settings.
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Zegeye, Wondimu, and Lawrence Lee. "LOCALIZATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES BASED ON BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY (BTLE)." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626971.

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Wireless devices have invaded the medical industry with a wide range of capability as components of a wireless personal area network (WPAN) and Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). The recent advances in Internet of Things (IoT) promises even larger contributions to the future of medical applications. This paper investigates the Bluetooth Low Energy (Bluetooth Smart- BTLE) for indoor localization of HealthCare devices used in medical telemetry applications and demonstrates the key role that localization plays in tracking of Bluetooth Low Energy enabled medical devices. Proper tracking of these devices provides better management which would directly reduce the transmission of infectious diseases which can result from improper sharing of these devices. This work will investigate the novel indoor localization technologies of BTLE devices with creative research strategies, and their applications as a basis for ultimately improving health standard using BTLE localization.
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Alajlouni, Sa'ed Ahmad. "Energy-based Footstep Localization using Floor Vibration Measurements from Accelerometers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103466.

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This work addresses the problem of localizing an impact in a dispersive medium (waveguide) using a network of vibration sensors (accelerometers), distributed at various locations in the waveguide, measuring (and detecting the arrival of) the impact-generated seismic wave. In particular, the last part of this document focuses on the problem of localizing footsteps using underfloor accelerometers. The author believes the outcomes of this work pave the way for realizing real-time indoor occupant tracking using underfloor accelerometers; a system that is tamper-proof and non-intrusive compared to occupant tracking systems that rely on video image processing. A dispersive waveguide (e.g., a floor) causes the impact-generated wave to distort with the traveled distance and renders conventional time of flight localization methods inaccurate. Therefore, this work focuses on laying the foundation of a new alternative approach to impact localization in dispersive waveguides. In this document, localization algorithms, including wave-signal detection and signal processing, are developed utilizing the fact that the generated wave's energy is attenuated with the traveled distance. The proposed localization algorithms were evaluated using simulations and experiments of hammer impacts, in addition to occupant tracking experiments. The experiments were carried out on an instrumented floor section inside a smart building. As will be explained in this document, energy-based localization will turn out to be computationally cheap and more accurate than conventional time of flight techniques.
PHD
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Imam, Farasat. "Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) based Indoor Localization using Fingerprinting Techniques." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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Анотація:
Positioning technologies have been created over the last few decades to provide users with location and navigation services by utilizing technological advancements in digital circuitry. GPS was one of the first positioning systems to be created (Global Positioning System). This system is a location-based navigation system that operates through satellites. Using GPS used to necessitate special (expensive) hardware, but smartphone technology has made it possible to use GPS on our handheld devices without the need for any additional equipment. We're all familiar with this; we use GPS on our smartphones for navigating in our daily lives. For outdoor location, GPS has become the de facto standard. However, due to the lack of Line-of-Sight (LoS) inside buildings, GPS cannot be used in our indoor environments. Positioning systems for indoor environments (market) are being developed since humans spend more time indoors than outdoors. Indoor positioning systems have been developed using a variety of available signal technologies (such as WiFi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, UWB, and others) depending on the context and application scenario. The Bluetooth-Low Energy (or Bluetooth Smart) protocol was first released in 2010. This signal technology was created with the goal of being low-cost and energy efficient. Apple Inc. and Aruba (Hewlett Packard Enterprise) introduced Beacon technology, which uses the Bluetooth Low Energy standard to communicate with smartphones and provide context and location awareness. The fact that all new smartphones (and tablets) include the BLE protocol can be exploited to aid in the development of low-cost, energy-efficient, precise, and accurate indoor positioning systems (by making use of Beacon and smartphone). The BLE protocol has the potential to become the de facto standard for the Internet of Things phenomenon, and so a BLE-based localization system in an indoor environment might become an integrated part of IoT.
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7

MOHAPATRA, HEMANT R. "ENERGY-AWARE CLUSTERING AND LOCALIZATION ALGORITHMS FOR MOBILE SENSOR NETWORKS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1140533134.

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Fabbri, Davide <1990&gt. "Energy Autonomous RF Tags for Sensing and UWB Localization Applications." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9610/1/Fabbri_Davide_tesi.pdf.

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Анотація:
In the new scenarios foreseen by the Internet of Things (IoT), billions of smart devices are worldwide spread and connected to each other to provide sensing information or to detect and locate tagged items with high accuracy using cheap, energy autonomous, and disposable tags. In this context, the use of energy harvesting techniques to supply devices, nowadays, plays an important role in order to create energy autonomous systems able to reduce the use of batteries, by containing the infrastructure maintenance costs, for better environmental safeguard. Hence, by considering real scenarios in which tags can be placed, where only few µW are available as input source, low-power design aspects, strategies and policies have to be taken into account during the implementation approach. In order to cover all possible solutions, radio-frequency and light energy harvesting sources are considered to build battery-less nodes. Thus, PV passive tags for indoor and outdoor environments will be presented, which allows the creation of long range Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) used for environmental monitoring. In harsh scenarios where the presence of obstacles makes energy scavenging operations more critical, radio-frequency sources can be adopted to build battery-less, individually addressable, UHF tags, featuring high-directive behaviour with single-monopole structures or an orientation-independent usage through double-monopole architectures. UWB circuitry for localization purposes will be introduced in both configurations: transmitting and backscattering tag solutions adopting, in the first case, a customized protocol for the UHF link, while in the second one, a RFID integration compliant with European standard, by making this activity more attractive for the market.
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Giovanelli, Davide <1988&gt. "Bluetooth Low Energy based proximity detection and localization in smart communities." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9015/1/giovanelli_davide_tesi.pdf.

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Анотація:
Internet of things will bring connected devices to a new level of pervasiveness, where any tangible thing of our daily life may embed some electronics. From a sophisticated smartwatch that embeds complex sensing and communication technologies, to the use of a basic electronic component to implement a digital signature, such as RFIDs. All these smart things worn or distributed around us enables multiple functionalities, when they can interact with each other. In this thesis, I describe the design, characterization and validation of a monitoring system based on Internet of Things technologies, for managing groups moving together in a city. Communication and energy efficiency aspects are firstly explored, to identify Bluetooth Low Energy as a promising protocol enabling scalable and energy efficient networks of things. In the thesis, the protocol has been stressed to demonstrate trade-offs between throughput, energy efficiency, scalability and the possibility to perform multi-hop communication. The potential of the protocol has been exploited within the framework of the CLIMB project. Here, the application requirements and constraints fostered the use of Bluetooth for localization and proximity detection, leading to the investigation of novel strategies to improve accuracy without affecting power consumption and ease of use.
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10

Snyder, Kenneth A. "Energy localization and transport in binary isotopically disordered Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chains." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2643.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Physics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Книги з теми "Energy Localization"

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E, Smith Todd, Murthy Durbha V. 1960-, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Localization of aeroelastic modes in mistuned high-energy turbines. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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2

Localization & energy transfer in nonlinear systems (3rd 2002 San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid). Localization & energy transfer in nonlinear systems: Proceedings of the third conference : June 17-21 2002, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid. Edited by Vázquez L, MacKay R. S, and Zorzano María Paz. River Edge, N.J: World Scientific, 2003.

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3

Chen, Leian. Signal Processing and Machine Learning Methods for Internet of Things: Smart Energy Generation and Robust Indoor Localization. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2022.

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4

Hickey, William. Energy and Human Resource Development in Developing Countries: Towards Effective Localization. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

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Hickey, Will. Energy and Human Resource Development in Developing Countries: Towards Effective Localization. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

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6

Mackay, Robert S., and María Paz Zorzano. Localization and Energy Transfer in Nonlinear Systems, Proceedings of the Third Conference. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2003.

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7

Zorzano, Maria Paz. Localization and Energy Transfer in Nonlinear Systems: Proceedings of the Third Conference. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2003.

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8

Proceedings of the third conference: Localization & energy transfer in nonlinear systems : June 17-21 2002, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid. Singapore: World Scientific, 2003.

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9

RSS-AoA-Based Target Localization and Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks. River Publishers, 2017.

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10

Tomic, Slavisa, Rui Dinis, and Marko Beko. RSS-AoA-Based Target Localization and Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks. River Publishers, 2022.

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Частини книг з теми "Energy Localization"

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Hickey, William. "Localization." In Energy and Human Resource Development in Developing Countries, 163–218. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57082-6_7.

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2

Christiansen, Peter L. "Energy Localization in Small Biomolecules." In Davydov’s Soliton Revisited, 485–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9948-4_39.

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3

Sheng, Xiaohong, and Yu-Hen Hu. "Energy Based Acoustic Source Localization." In Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 285–300. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36978-3_19.

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4

Peyrard, Michel, Thierry Dauxois, and Charles R. Willis. "Energy Localization in Nonlinear Lattices." In Nonlinear Coherent Structures in Physics and Biology, 29–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1343-2_4.

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5

Antontsev, Stanislav, and Sergey Shmarev. "Space Localization of Energy Solutions." In Atlantis Studies in Differential Equations, 185–217. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-112-3_5.

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6

Friswell, Michael I., Arun Chandrashaker, and Sondipon Adhikari. "An Energy Measure for Mode Localization." In Structural Health Monitoring, Damage Detection & Mechatronics, Volume 7, 105–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29956-3_12.

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Moftakhar, A., and G. Glinka. "Energy Consideration for Notches in Small Scale Yielding." In Anisotropy and Localization of Plastic Deformation, 643–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3644-0_150.

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Sutagundar, A. V., S. S. Shirabur, and V. S. Bennur. "Energy Efficient Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 139–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03692-2_11.

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9

Conti, Massimo. "Real Time Localization Using Bluetooth Low Energy." In Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 584–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56154-7_52.

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10

Constandache, Ionut, Shravan Gaonkar, Matt Sayler, Romit Roy Choudhury, and Landon Cox. "Energy-Efficient Localization via Personal Mobility Profiling." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 203–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12607-9_14.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Energy Localization"

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Zhen, Zi-Ning, Qing-Shan Jia, Chen Song, and Xiaohong Guan. "An Indoor Localization Algorithm for Lighting Control using RFID." In 2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference (Energy). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/energy.2008.4781041.

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2

DeBoer, Jonathan, Thomas Breunung, and Balakumar Balachandran. "Suppressing Energy Localizations in Rotating Machinery With Realistic Noise." In ASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2023-101765.

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Анотація:
Abstract Vibrations in rotary machinery can increase wear, leading to a decreased lifetime. Especially harmful are localized vibrations, during which only a small region of the machine vibrates significantly. Apart from imperfections and non-homogeneities, such energy localizations can be induced by the structural nonlinearities of turbine blades. Through previous experiments and simulations conducted in the authors’ group, it has been shown that Gaussian white noise can effectively suppress these energy localizations. However, the Gaussian white noise model is unphysical, since the associated energy is infinite. Thus, the efficacy of suppressing localization with more realistic noise in rotating machinery remains to be studied. Motivated by the beneficial employment of noise, the authors explore the utilization of omnipresent noise in turbomachinery applications as a low-cost control strategy to destroy undesired energy localizations. To this end, the authors present an experimental study to investigate the impact of different noise sources on the suppression of localization in rotating machinery applications. Building on prior efforts in the authors’ group, the authors utilize a test-rig consisting of a circular array of cantilever beams, which are representative of machinery blades, and magnets that are used to induce nonlinear restoring forces. Due to these nonlinearities, the system has multiple stable vibrational states and localized high-energy vibrations. The influence of different noise sources on such localized response states is investigated.
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Bui, ThiOanh, and Pingping Xu. "Energy considerations for node localization." In 2017 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pacrim.2017.8121902.

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4

Cheng, Wei, Jindan Zhu, Prasant Mohapatra, and Jie Wang. "Time and energy efficient localization." In 2014 Eleventh Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2014.6990330.

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Dai, We nhan, Yuan Shen, and Moe Z. Win. "Energy efficient cooperative network localization." In ICC 2014 - 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2014.6884108.

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Le, Qiang, and Lance M. Kaplan. "Energy-Aware Node Selection for Localization." In 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2008.4526448.

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Jurdak, Raja, Peter Corke, Dhinesh Dharman, Guillaume Salagnac, Chris Crossman, Philip Valencia, and Greg-Bishop Hurley. "Energy-efficient localization for virtual fencing." In the 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1791212.1791268.

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Nguyen, T. T. N., M. Cai, and E. P. Li. "Energy source localization with ultrawideband imaging." In 2007 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2007.4395515.

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Li, Ran, and Ruizhuo Song. "A Review of Monocular Visual Localization." In 2022 First International Conference on Cyber-Energy Systems and Intelligent Energy (ICCSIE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsie55183.2023.10175235.

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Hou, Xiaoyue, Tughrul Arslan, and Jiacheng Gu. "Indoor localization for Bluetooth low energy using wavelet and smoothing filter." In 2017 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2017.8376247.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Energy Localization"

1

Mulligan, Cian. Employment Potential of Renewable Energy in Saudi Arabia: A Value Chain Analysis. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2023-dp15.

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Localization and local content mandates are an increasing presence in the global investment landscape, and the development of local content policy in Saudi Arabia will be an important factor in the lasting legacy of Vision 2030. While virtually all industries are targeted by local content mandates in Saudi Arabia, a sector tipped for strict targets and maximum local value added is renewable energy production. This is no surprise, as the abundant natural resources of sun and wind make the Kingdom well placed to be globally competitive in the sector, and as the industry is still in its infancy, an opportunity exists to localize from the ground up. This paper looks at the employment possibilities across the value chain of solar PV and onshore wind and, applying the unique characteristics of the Saudi labor force, investigates where localization mandates should target in order to optimize the benefits to the Saudi economy.
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Christensen, Lance. PR-459-133750-R03 Fast Accurate Automated System To Find And Quantify Natural Gas Leaks. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011633.

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Miniature natural gas sensors weighing a few hundred grams with 10 ppb s-1 sensitivity towards methane and ppb s-1 sensitivity towards methane and ethane present the energy industry with cost effective ways to improve safety, comply with State and Federal regulations, decrease natural gas emissions, and attribute natural gas indications to thermogenic or biogenic sources. One particularly promising implementation is on small unmanned aerial systems (sUASs) flown by service providers or in-house personnel or even more ambitiously as part of larger network conducting autonomous, continual monitoring. This report describes refinement of the OPLS measurement system to include all ancillary instruments needed to put OPLS methane and ethane measurements into context for leak surveillance, localization, and quantification. Flights were conducted on a variety of VTOLs and fixed wing drones as described below to ensure that the overall system development resulted in a system that was platform agnostic. This report describes: - The complete agnostic OPLS measurement system.The individual components are described and their performance investigated.Technical issues that arose during testing and field deployment are described. - Field experiments of the refined OPLS measurement system at a real-world oil and gas production site.These experiments exercise the OPLS system's ability to do leak surveillance, localization, and quantification. - Laboratory development of the OPLS instrument to improve its performance in terms of signal-to-noise and accuracy. - Field experiments demonstrating the successful application of OPLS on a fixed-wing hybrid flown at altitudes higher than 50 m. - Field experiments demonstrating the utility of source attribution using the ethane measurement capability. There is a related webinar.
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3

Farrell, K. MAPPING FLOW LOCALIZATION PROCESSES IN DEFORMATION OF IRRADIATED REACTOR STRUCTURAL ALLOYS - FINAL REPORT. Nuclear Energy Research Initiative Program No. MSF99-0072. Period: August 1999 through September 2002. (ORNL/TM-2003/63). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885795.

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4

Oliynyk, Kateryna, and Matteo Ciantia. Application of a finite deformation multiplicative plasticity model with non-local hardening to the simulation of CPTu tests in a structured soil. University of Dundee, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001230.

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In this paper an isotropic hardening elastoplastic constitutive model for structured soils is applied to the simulation of a standard CPTu test in a saturated soft structured clay. To allow for the extreme deformations experienced by the soil during the penetration process, the model is formulated in a fully geometric non-linear setting, based on: i) the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into an elastic and a plastic part; and, ii) on the existence of a free energy function to define the elastic behaviour of the soil. The model is equipped with two bonding-related internal variables which provide a macroscopic description of the effects of clay structure. Suitable hardening laws are employed to describe the structure degradation associated to plastic deformations. The strain-softening associated to bond degradation usually leads to strain localization and consequent formation of shear bands, whose thickness is dependent on the characteristics of the microstructure (e.g, the average grain size). Standard local constitutive models are incapable of correctly capturing this phenomenon due to the lack of an internal length scale. To overcome this limitation, the model is framed using a non-local approach by adopting volume averaged values for the internal state variables. The size of the neighbourhood over which the averaging is performed (characteristic length) is a material constant related to the microstructure which controls the shear band thickness. This extension of the model has proven effective in regularizing the pathological mesh dependence of classical finite element solutions in the post-localization regime. The results of numerical simulations, conducted for different soil permeabilities and bond strengths, show that the model captures the development of plastic deformations induced by the advancement of the cone tip; the destructuration of the clay associated with such plastic deformations; the space and time evolution of pore water pressure as the cone tip advances. The possibility of modelling the CPTu tests in a rational and computationally efficient way opens a promising new perspective for their interpretation in geotechnical site investigations.
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Christensen, Lance. PR-459-133750-WEB Fast, Accurate, Automated System to Find and Quantify Natural Gas Leaks. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011608.

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Thursday, August 8, 2019 11:00 am ET PRESENTER: Lance Christensen, PhD, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory HOST: Francois Rongere, PG and E MODERATOR: Carrie Greaney, PRCI CLICK BUY/DOWNLOAD TO ACCESS WEBINAR REGISTRATION LINK Join the PRCI Surveillance, Operations and Maintenance Technical Committee as they present research, conducted by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), related to the Open Path Laser Spectrometer (OPLS). New advances in sensor technology, with high sensitivity towards detecting methane and ethane, present the energy pipeline industry with cost effective ways to improve safety, comply with state and federal regulations, decrease natural gas emissions and attribute natural gas indications to thermogenic or biogenic sources. This webinar will present the results of this research that included both laboratory and field testing. Benefits of attending: 1) Learn capability of miniature natural gas sensors 2) Learn how miniature natural gas sensors are applied on drones 3) Learn leak localization and flux measurements using miniature drone sensors Who should attend? Natural gas pipeline operators interested in the application of methane detection using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) on pipeline operations will find this research especially informative. Recommended pre-reading: PR-459-133750-R02 Fast, Accurate, Automated System to Find and Quantify Natural Gas Leaks
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Ali, Rassul. Konzeptentwicklung für CDM-Projekte - Risikoanalyse der projektbezogenen Generierung von CO2-Zertifikaten (CER). Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783933795842.

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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a complex legal-institutional system that, on the one hand, offers industrialized countries options for cost-effective emission reductions and, on the other, provides developing countries with opportunities for sustainable development. Investors face the difficulty of identifying suitable CDM projects from approximately 130 possible host countries and nearly 60 possible project activities. In order to develop points of reference for strategic investments, this paper identifies and categorizes the risks arising in the value creation process of bilateral energy projects into four action-related levels. At the host level, the focus is on political-institutional and sector-specific risks, while at the investor state level, the legal design of the CDM's complementary function is relevant. The project level covers technology- and process-related risks, with the identification of the reference case and the proof of additionality posing particular problems. The future design of the CDM and the reform of the procedure at the UNFCCC level pose a fundamental risk. A two-stage assessment procedure is proposed for risk assessment: a rough analysis captures sociographic, climate policy, institutional and sector-specific criteria of the host. The differentiation of the project stage allows the localization of the project in the value chain and a differentiation regarding the use of methods. The assessment of project registration is based on the methods used and gives recognition rates per method and project category; project performance is measured in terms of the ratio of emission reductions actually realized to those planned in the project documentation. A detailed analysis following the coarse analysis provides qualitative guidance for project evaluation. These include the Executive Board's methodological principles, correct application of methodologies, identification of the reference case, proof of additionality, as well as the financial conditions of the relevant sector and publicity-related aspects. Despite individual hosts and project technologies, the developed two-step risk analysis allows, with relatively little effort and in line with business practice, an initial assessment of CDM project risks, so that overall it lays a fundamental building block for the elaboration of a strategic implementation and sustainable investment under the CDM.
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Ostersetzer-Biran, Oren, and Alice Barkan. Nuclear Encoded RNA Splicing Factors in Plant Mitochondria. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592111.bard.

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Mitochondria are the site of respiration and numerous other metabolic processes required for plant growth and development. Increased demands for metabolic energy are observed during different stages in the plants life cycle, but are particularly ample during germination and reproductive organ development. These activities are dependent upon the tight regulation of the expression and accumulation of various organellar proteins. Plant mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA), which encode for a small number of genes required in organellar genome expression and respiration. Yet, the vast majority of the organellar proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, thus necessitating complex mechanisms to coordinate the expression and accumulation of proteins encoded by the two remote genomes. Many organellar genes are interrupted by intervening sequences (introns), which are removed from the primary presequences via splicing. According to conserved features of their sequences these introns are all classified as “group-II”. Their splicing is necessary for organellar activity and is dependent upon nuclear-encoded RNA-binding cofactors. However, to-date, only a tiny fraction of the proteins expected to be involved in these activities have been identified. Accordingly, this project aimed to identify nuclear-encoded proteins required for mitochondrial RNA splicing in plants, and to analyze their specific roles in the splicing of group-II intron RNAs. In non-plant systems, group-II intron splicing is mediated by proteins encoded within the introns themselves, known as maturases, which act specifically in the splicing of the introns in which they are encoded. Only one mitochondrial intron in plants has retained its maturaseORF (matR), but its roles in organellar intron splicing are unknown. Clues to other proteins required for organellar intron splicing are scarce, but these are likely encoded in the nucleus as there are no other obvious candidates among the remaining ORFs within the mtDNA. Through genetic screens in maize, the Barkan lab identified numerous nuclear genes that are required for the splicing of many of the introns within the plastid genome. Several of these genes are related to one another (i.e. crs1, caf1, caf2, and cfm2) in that they share a previously uncharacterized domain of archaeal origin, the CRM domain. The Arabidopsis genome contains 16 CRM-related genes, which contain between one and four repeats of the domain. Several of these are predicted to the mitochondria and are thus postulated to act in the splicing of group-II introns in the organelle(s) to which they are localized. In addition, plant genomes also harbor several genes that are closely related to group-II intron-encoded maturases (nMats), which exist in the nucleus as 'self-standing' ORFs, out of the context of their cognate "host" group-II introns and are predicted to reside within the mitochondria. The similarity with known group-II intron splicing factors identified in other systems and their predicted localization to mitochondria in plants suggest that nuclear-encoded CRM and nMat related proteins may function in the splicing of mitochondrial-encoded introns. In this proposal we proposed to (i) establish the intracellular locations of several CRM and nMat proteins; (ii) to test whether mutations in their genes impairs the splicing of mitochondrial introns; and to (iii) determine whether these proteins are bound to the mitochondrial introns in vivo.
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8

Bennett, Alan B., Arthur A. Schaffer, Ilan Levin, Marina Petreikov, and Adi Doron-Faigenboim. Manipulating fruit chloroplasts as a strategy to improve fruit quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598148.bard.

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The Original Objectives were modified and two were eliminated to reflect the experimental results: Objective 1 - Identify additional genetic variability in SlGLK2 and IPin wild, traditional and heirloom tomato varieties Objective 2 - Determine carbon balance and horticultural characteristics of isogenic lines expressing functional and non-functional alleles of GLKsand IP Background: The goal of the research was to understand the unique aspects of chloroplasts and photosynthesis in green fruit and the consequences of increasing the chloroplast capacity of green fruit for ripe fruit sugars, yield, flavor and nutrient qualities. By focusing on the regulation of chloroplast formation and development solely in fruit, our integrated knowledge of photosynthetic structures/organs could be broadened and the results of the work could impact the design of manipulations to optimize quality outputs for the agricultural fruit with enhanced sugars, nutrients and flavors. The project was based on the hypothesis that photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic plastid metabolism in green tomato fruit is controlled at a basal level by light for minimal energy requirements but fruit-specific genes regulate further development of robust chloroplasts in this organ. Our BARD project goals were to characterize and quantitate the photosynthesis and chloroplast derived products impacted by expression of a tomato Golden 2- like 2 transcription factor (US activities) in a diverse set of 31 heirloom tomato lines and examine the role of another potential regulator, the product of the Intense Pigment gene (IP activities). Using tomato Golden 2-like 2 and Intense Pigment, which was an undefined locus that leads to enhanced chloroplast development in green fruit, we sought to determine the benefits and costs of extensive chloroplast development in fruit prior to ripening. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter, coding and intronicSlGLK2 sequences of 20 heirloom tomato lines were identified and three SlGLK2 promoter lineages were identified; two lineages also had striped fruit variants. Lines with striped fruit but no shoulders were not identified. Green fruit chlorophyll and ripe fruit soluble sugar levels were measured in 31 heirloom varieties and fruit size correlates with ripe fruit sugars but dark shoulders does not. A combination of fine mapping, recombinant generation, RNAseq expression and SNP calling all indicated that the proposed localization of a single locus IP on chr 10 was incorrect. Rather, the IP line harbored 11 separate introgressions from the S. chmielewskiparent, scattered throughout the genome. These introgressions harbored ~3% of the wild species genome and no recombinant consistently recovered the IP parental phenotype. The 11 introgressions were dissected into small combinations in segregating recombinant populations. Based on these analyses two QTL for Brix content were identified, accounting for the effect of increased Brix in the IP line. Scientific and agricultural implications: SlGLK2 sequence variation in heirloom tomato varieties has been identified and can be used to breed for differences in SlGLK2 expression and possibly in the green striped fruit phenotype. Two QTL for Brix content have been identified in the S. chmielewskiparental line and these can be used for increasing soluble solids contents in breeding programs.
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Meiri, Noam, Michael D. Denbow, and Cynthia J. Denbow. Epigenetic Adaptation: The Regulatory Mechanisms of Hypothalamic Plasticity that Determine Stress-Response Set Point. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593396.bard.

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Our hypothesis was that postnatal stress exposure or sensory input alters brain activity, which induces acetylation and/or methylation on lysine residues of histone 3 and alters methylation levels in the promoter regions of stress-related genes, ultimately resulting in long-lasting changes in the stress-response set point. Therefore, the objectives of the proposal were: 1. To identify the levels of total histone 3 acetylation and different levels of methylation on lysine 9 and/or 14 during both heat and feed stress and challenge. 2. To evaluate the methylation and acetylation levels of histone 3 lysine 9 and/or 14 at the Bdnfpromoter during both heat and feed stress and challenge. 3. To evaluate the levels of the relevant methyltransferases and transmethylases during infliction of stress. 4. To identify the specific localization of the cells which respond to both specific histone modification and the enzyme involved by applying each of the stressors in the hypothalamus. 5. To evaluate the physiological effects of antisense knockdown of Ezh2 on the stress responses. 6. To measure the level of CpG methylation in the promoter region of BDNF in thermal treatments and free-fed, 12-hour fasted, and re-fed chicks during post-natal day 3, which is the critical period for feed-control establishment, and 10 days later to evaluate longterm effects. 7. The phenotypic effect of antisense “knock down” of the transmethylaseDNMT 3a. Background: The growing demand for improvements in poultry production requires an understanding of the mechanisms governing stress responses. Two of the major stressors affecting animal welfare and hence, the poultry industry in both the U.S. and Israel, are feed intake and thermal responses. Recently, it has been shown that the regulation of energy intake and expenditure, including feed intake and thermal regulation, resides in the hypothalamus and develops during a critical post-hatch period. However, little is known about the regulatory steps involved. The hypothesis to be tested in this proposal is that epigenetic changes in the hypothalamus during post-hatch early development determine the stress-response set point for both feed and thermal stressors. The ambitious goals that were set for this proposal were met. It was established that both stressors i.e. feed and thermal stress, can be manipulated during the critical period of development at day 3 to induce resilience to stress later in life. Specifically it was established that unfavorable nutritional conditions during early developmental periods or heat exposure influences subsequent adaptability to those same stressful conditions. Furthermore it was demonstrated that epigenetic marks on the promoter of genes involved in stress memory are altered both during stress, and as a result, later in life. Specifically it was demonstrated that fasting and heat had an effect on methylation and acetylation of histone 3 at various lysine residues in the hypothalamus during exposure to stress on day 3 and during stress challenge on day 10. Furthermore, the enzymes that perform these modifications are altered both during stress conditioning and challenge. Finally, these modifications are both necessary and sufficient, since antisense "knockdown" of these enzymes affects histone modifications, and as a consequence stress resilience. DNA methylation was also demonstrated at the promoters of genes involved in heat stress regulation and long-term resilience. It should be noted that the only goal that we did not meet because of technical reasons was No. 7. In conclusion: The outcome of this research may provide information for the improvement of stress responses in high yield poultry breeds using epigenetic adaptation approaches during critical periods in the course of early development in order to improve animal welfare even under suboptimum environmental conditions.
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Zchori-Fein, Einat, Judith K. Brown, and Nurit Katzir. Biocomplexity and Selective modulation of whitefly symbiotic composition. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591733.bard.

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Whiteflies are sap-sucking insects that harbor obligatory symbiotic bacteria to fulfill their dietary needs, as well as a facultative microbial community with diverse bacterial species. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a severe agricultural pest in many parts of the world. This speciesconsists of several biotypes that have been distinguished largely on the basis of biochemical or molecular diagnostics, but whose biological significance is still unclear. The original objectives of the project were (i) to identify the specific complement of prokaryotic endosymbionts associated with select, well-studied, biologically and phylogeographically representative biotypes of B. tabaci, and (ii) to attempt to 'cure’ select biotypes of certain symbionts to permit assessment of the affect of curing on whitefly fitness, gene flow, host plant preference, and virus transmission competency.To identify the diversity of bacterial community associated with a suite of phylogeographically-diverseB. tabaci, a total of 107 populations were screened using general Bacteria primers for the 16S rRNA encoding gene in a PCR. Sequence comparisons with the available databases revealed the presence of bacteria classified in the: Proteobacteria (66%), Firmicutes (25.70%), Actinobacteria (3.7%), Chlamydiae (2.75%) and Bacteroidetes (<1%). Among previously identified bacteria, such as the primary symbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum, and the secondary symbionts Hamiltonella, Cardinium and Wolbachia, a Rickettsia sp. was detected for the first time in this insect family. The distribution, transmission, and localization of the Rickettsia were studied using PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Rickettsia was found in all 20 Israeli B. tabaci populations screened as well as some populations screened in the Arizona laboratory, but not in all individuals within each population. FISH analysis of B. tabaci eggs, nymphs and adults, revealed a unique concentration of Rickettsia around the gut and follicle cells as well as its random distribution in the haemolymph, but absence from the primary symbiont housing cells, the bacteriocytes. Rickettsia vertical transmission on the one hand and its partial within-population infection on the other suggest a phenotype that is advantageous under certain conditions but may be deleterious enough to prevent fixation under others.To test for the possible involvement of Wolbachia and Cardiniumin the reproductive isolation of different B. tabacibiotypes, reciprocal crosses were preformed among populations of the Cardinium-infected, Wolbachia-infected and uninfected populations. The crosses results demonstrated that phylogeographically divergent B. tabaci are reproductively competent and that cytoplasmic incompatibility inducer-bacteria (Wolbachia and Cardinium) both interfered with, and/or rescued CI induced by one another, effectively facilitating bidirectional female offspring production in the latter scenario.This knowledge has implications to multitrophic interactions, gene flow, speciation, fitness, natural enemy interactions, and possibly, host preference and virus transmission. Although extensive and creative attempts undertaken in both laboratories to cure whiteflies of non-primary symbionts have failed, our finding of naturally uninfected individuals have permitted the establishment of Rickettsia-, Wolbachia- and Cardinium-freeB. tabaci lines, which are been employed to address various biological questions, including determining the role of these bacteria in whitefly host biology.
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