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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "EMISSION ANALYSIS"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

Оновлено: 22 червня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "EMISSION ANALYSIS"

Guven, Denizhan, M. Özgür Kayalica, and Gülgün Kayakutlu. "CO2 emissions analysis for East European countries: the role of underlying emission trend." Environmental Economics 11, no. 1 (2020): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.11(1).2020.07.

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This paper aims to analyze the impact of energy consumption, economic structure, and manufacturing output on the CO2 emissions of East European countries by applying the Structural Time Series Model (STSM). Several explanatory factors are used to construct the model using annual data of the 1990–2017 period. The factors are: total primary energy supply, GDP per capita and manufacturing value added, and, finally, a stochastic Underlying Emission Trend (UET). The significant effects of all variables on CO2 emissions are detected. Based on the estimated functions, CO2 emissions of Belarus, Ukraine, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Hungary will decrease, by 2027, to 53.2 Mt, 103.2 Mt, 36.1 Mt, 1528.2 Mt, 36 Mt, and 36.1 Mt, respectively. Distinct from other countries, CO2 emissions of Poland will extend to 312.2 Mt in 2027 due to the very high share of fossil-based supply (i.e., coal and oil) in Poland. The results also indicate that the most forceful factor in CO2 emissions is the total primary energy supply. Furthermore, for Poland, Romania, Hungary, and Belarus, the long-term impact of economic growth on CO2 emissions is negative, while it is positive for Russia, Ukraine, and Serbia. The highest long-term manufacturing value-added elasticity of CO2 emissions is calculated for Serbia and Belarus.

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Dragičević, Viktor, Marina Levak, Anton Turk, and Ivan Lorencin. "Ship production processes air emissions analysis." Pomorstvo 36, no. 1 (2022): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.36.1.19.

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Compliance with modern environmental norms and regulations is an increasingly important requirement in the shipbuilding process of ship design and construction. Related to the ship production process, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitric oxides and particulate matter are the main emissions of harmful gases in the shipyard. This paper analyzes air emissions from the ship production process in a shipyard. Air emissions are quantified from either in-situ measurements from emission sources, or by materials that are used in the shipbuilding process, and the acquired data from those measurements is calculated as yearly emissions. Emission quantities of VOCs, nitric oxides, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and particulates are analyzed regarding possible reduction techniques considering efficiency and investment costs for using these methods. In conclusion, the best available and feasible emission reduction methods are suggested, and a suggestion for achieving the goal of a net zero emission shipyard.

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Yuan, Yongke, Yixing Wang, Yuanying Chi, and Feng Jin. "Identification of Key Carbon Emission Sectors and Analysis of Emission Effects in China." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (2020): 8673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208673.

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Analysis of sectors’ emission effects is crucial for identifying key emission sectors and reducing carbon. Current literature for calculating sectors’ emission effects in China ignore intermediate demand. This might introduce inaccuracy into the analyzed results. To solve this gap, this paper used an alternative input–output method to analyze sectors’ emission effects in China. Firstly, it identifies the key emission sectors and their emission effect characteristics from 2005 to 2017. Then, the reasons for the changes in these sectors’ emission effects are analyzed. Lastly, emission effects were further decomposed so that the driving relationships of emissions among these sectors can be sorted out. The results show that the overall key emission sectors were metal smelting and processing and nonmetal mineral products. The backward-emission-dominant sectors were construction, chemical products, other services (such as finance, health and education), metal products, and so on. The forward-emission-dominant sectors were production and supply of electricity and heat, transportation, storage, postal, and telecommunications services. In 2017, transportation, storage, postal, and telecommunications services’ own final demand emissions and forward emissions accounted for 41.7% and 58.3%, respectively, of this sector’s direct emissions. Moreover, from 2005 to 2017, the main sector emission paths affecting the growth of China’s emissions shifted from manufacturing and construction industries to service industries. Accordingly, strategies for emission reduction, such as substituting pollution inputs, were proposed and analyzed. The research provides an important reference for the Chinese government to adopt appropriate measures to reduce carbon.

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WANG, Xingmin, Jing WU, Zheng WANG, Xiaoting JIA, and Bing BAI. "Accounting and Characteristics Analysis of CO2 Emissions in Chinese Cities." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 08, no. 01 (2020): 2050004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748120500049.

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Accurate estimation of CO2 emissions is a prerequisite for scientific low-carbon emission policymaking. Based on 20 types of energy consumption data at the prefecture level in China, this paper re-estimates the CO2 emissions of 198 prefecture-level cities in 2016 by using the method of carbon emission coefficient. The spatial pattern and scale characteristics are analyzed, and the conclusions are as follows: (1) Overall, China’s urban CO2 emissions show a certain degree of spatial separation in terms of the total amount, per capita emissions, and emission intensity. Cities with the highest CO2 emissions in China are mainly concentrated in North China, East China and Chongqing, while cities with the highest per capita CO2 emissions and emission intensity are mainly concentrated in Northwest and North China. (2) Different types of cities have different CO2 emission characteristics. Resource-based cities have a higher total amount and emission intensity; tourism and underdeveloped cities both have lower values; while super-large-sized cities and many very-large-sized cities have higher CO2 emissions, but their emission intensities are usually lower; and no obvious rules are found in other cities. (3) Spatial analysis shows that cities with higher CO2 emissions are clustered. The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta region, Shandong Province, and Shanxi–Henan–Anhui resource-producing areas are the agglomeration areas of high-emission cities. (4) Scale analysis shows that the characteristics of CO2 emissions at different scales are different. Provincial-level research can help to identify the environmental impact and total effect of carbon emissions, while urban-scale research is helpful to explore the diversity and phases of cities. Finally, based on the main conclusions of this study, the corresponding urban low-carbon policy implications are drawn.

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Stepanović, Nemanja, and Vladan Tubić. "Analysis of ecological benefits of traffic flow electrification." Put i saobraćaj 65, no. 2 (2019): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.65.02.04.

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Road transport is responsible for 22% of the total CO2 emissions, 39% of NOx emission and 10% share of particulate matters (PM10, PM2.5) emission. The use of passenger cars, as an extremely dominant category of vehicles, is at constant growth, which causes an increase or insufficient reduction of Greenhouse Gas emission, despite the technological improvements of exaust emission devices. Due to the growing harmful effects on the environment and human health, as well as the recent scandals associated with internal combustion engine tehcnology („Dieselgate scandal”), development of new technology is fast forward toward electric vehicles.The biggest automotive corporations plans dominant fleet electrification in the next 10 years. However, sudden share increase of the electric vehicles in the traffic flow can lead to the capacity overcoming of the electricity grid network, or the issue of the "ecological footprint" of such a trend. In this paper, the overall environmental impact (so-called Well-to-Wheel analysis) of the increasing number of electric vehicles was analysed. Comparison analysis of vehicles equipped with internal combustion egines and electric vehicles showed the absence of Greenhouse Gass emisson reduction in countries with low percentage of electricity gained from renewable energy sources. Well-to-Wheel analysis was also conducted for several scenarios of electric vehicles participation in traffic flow in Republic of Serbia i.e their influence on electricity grid network and its emission.

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Chen, Zhen. "Analysis on Carbon Emission Right Theories." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5235.

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Since China’s National Development and Reform Commission approved the first seven pilot cities to carbon emission right trading, carbon emission trading is now flourishing in the country. However, in practice, the carbon emission trading emerges many problems and short in some basic theories to safeguard. In theory, the nature of carbon emission right still has no uniform academic definition. What is carbon emission right? There is an academic contend to illustrate it, such as usufruct right, property right, new property and other theories. What’s more, defining the nature of carbon emission right is the premise to ensure that carbon emissions trading system work smoothly.

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Jang, Sunhee, Ki-Han Song, Daejin Kim, et al. "Road-Section-Based Analysis of Vehicle Emissions and Energy Consumption." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (2023): 4421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054421.

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To monitor air pollution on roads in urban areas, it is necessary to accurately estimate emissions from vehicles. For this purpose, vehicle emission estimation models have been developed. Vehicle emission estimation models are categorized into macroscopic models and microscopic models. While the calculation is simple, macroscopic models utilize the average speed of vehicles without accounting for the acceleration and deceleration of individual vehicles. Therefore, limitations exist in estimating accurate emissions when there are frequent changes in driving behavior. Microscopic emission estimation models overcome these limitations by utilizing the trajectory data of each vehicle. In this method, the total emissions in a road segment are calculated by adding together the emissions from individual vehicles. However, most research studies consider the total vehicle emissions in a road section without considering the difference in vehicle emissions at different locations of a selected road section. In this study, a road segment between two intersections was divided into sub-sections, and energy consumption and emission generation were analyzed. Since there are unique driving behaviors depending on the section of the road segment, energy consumption and emission generation patterns were identified. The findings of this study are expected to provide more detailed and quantitative data for better modeling of energy consumption and emissions in urban areas.

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Wang, Chenyu. "Effect Analysis of China's Carbon Emission Trading Pilot Policy on Carbon Emission Control." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 75, no. 1 (2024): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/75/20241750.

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Many countries have achieved a fundamental consensus to decrease carbon dioxide emissions in order to address environmental and climate issues. China, as the foremost energy consumer and carbon emitter globally, has significantly contributed to the exacerbation of greenhouse gas issues. The most effective method for lowering carbon emissions is through the trade of carbon emissions. In 2011, China began the process of implementing pilot projects for pricing carbon emissions as a means of addressing environmental and climate-related issues. This study use the literature review approach to examine the current state of China's carbon emission trading pilot policies on carbon emission management. It also analyzes the technical and economic impacts of these pilot policies in comparison to non-pilot carbon emission trading policies. The objective of this study is to propose recommendations for the implementation of the national carbon emission trading market in 2021.

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Zou, Yijing, Dayi He, and Rui Sun. "Evolutionary Game Analysis of Risk in Third-Party Environmental Governance." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (2023): 13750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813750.

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Focusing on the moral hazard of third-party environmental service providers in monitoring and controlling the emission of pollutants by enterprises, this paper takes the third-party governance of environmental pollution under the incentive-and-constraint mechanism as its research object. It also constructs a game model involving emission-producing enterprises producing emissions, third-party environmental service providers, and local governments. Adopting this evolutionary game model, this paper analyzes the mechanism of local government’s role in effectively resolving the moral hazard between emission-producing enterprises producing emissions and third-party environmental service providers by exploring the conditions of spontaneous cooperation between emission-producing enterprises producing emissions and third-party environmental service providers. This paper provides a possible solution to the problem of emission-producing enterprises or third-party environmental service providers stealing and leaking emissions, as well as collusion between the two. The study presents two major findings. (1) There are three possible scenarios of breach of contract: unilateral breach by third-party environmental service providers, unilateral breach by emissions-producing enterprises, and collusion between the two. When a third-party environmental service provider unilaterally breaches a contract, emission-producing enterprises have regulatory responsibilities toward them. In such cases, local governments should reduce the penalties imposed on emission-producing enterprises. This measure would decrease the willingness of these enterprises to allocate a higher proportion of collusion payments to third-party environmental service providers. However, it would simultaneously provide a new avenue through which third-party environmental service providers would gain benefits, thereby increasing their expected gains from collusion. This would create a new game between the two parties, leading to the failure of collusion negotiations. (2) The efficacy of incentive-constraint mechanisms is influenced by the severity of contractual breaches, represented by the magnitude of stealing and leaking emissions. When false emissions reduction is at a high level, increasing the incentives for emission-producing enterprises and third-party environmental service providers cannot effectively prevent collusion; when the level is moderate, incentives for third-party environmental service providers can effectively prevent collusion, but incentives for emission-producing enterprises cannot; when the level is low, increasing the incentives for emission-producing enterprises and third-party environmental service providers can help prevent collusion. (3) When emission-producing enterprises engage in unilateral discharge, if a local government’s incentive for third-party environmental service providers exceeds the benefits it can obtain from regulating the discharged amount, third-party environmental service providers tacitly approve the company’s discharge behavior. However, with the strengthening of local government regulations, emission-producing enterprises tend to engage in more clandestine discharging of pollutants to obtain greater rewards. This practice infringes upon the revenue of third-party environmental service providers, as their earnings are positively correlated with the amount of pollution abated. Third-party environmental service providers no longer acquiesce to corporate emissions theft, resulting in an increase in the probability of the detection of emission-producing enterprises’ illicit discharges; in this way, the behavior of these enterprises is regulated.

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Chen, Jingxu, Junyi Chen, Dawei Chen, and Xiuyu Shen. "Emission Control in Expressway Systems: Vehicle Emission Inventory and Policy Scenario Analysis." Systems 12, no. 8 (2024): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems12080273.

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Expressway systems play a vital role in facilitating intercity travels for both passengers and freights, which are also a significant source of vehicle emissions within the transportation sector. This study investigates vehicle emissions from expressway systems using the COPERT model to develop multi-year emission inventories for different pollutants, covering the past and future trends from 2005 to 2030. Thereinto, an integrated SARIMA-SVR method is designed to portray the temporal variation of vehicle population, and the possible future trends of expressway vehicle emissions are predicted through policy scenario analysis. The Jiang–Zhe–Hu Region of China is taken as the case study to analyze emission control in expressway systems. The results indicate that (1) carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present a general upward trend primarily originating from passenger vehicles, while nitrogen oxides (NOx) and inhalable particles (PM) display a slowing upward trend with fluctuations mainly sourcing from freight vehicles; (2) vehicle population constraint is an effective emission control policy, but upgrading the medium- and long-haul transportation structure is necessary to meet the continuous growth of intercity trips. Expressway vehicle emission reduction effectiveness can be further enhanced by curtailing the update frequency of emission standards, along with the scrapping of high-emission vehicles.

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Дисертації з теми "EMISSION ANALYSIS"

Kim, Tae-Kyung. "Dynamic analysis of sulfur dioxide monthly emissions in U.S. power plants." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1086195964.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 218 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Jean Michael Guldmann, City and Regional Planning Graduate Program. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-133).

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Reniers, Jorn. "Analysis of a real-time signal for greenhouse gas emissions of district heating consumption." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169508.

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The district heating system (DHS) of Stockholm is one of the largest systems in the world with a total yearly production of 10TWh of heat and 2TWh of electricity (through combined heat and power plants). Large amounts of greenhouse gasses (GHG) are emitted to produce this heat and electricity. Given the goal of the City of Stockholm to reduce the amount of GHG emissions to 3 ton per capita in 2015 and to keep reducing emissions at a similar rate after 2015, it is important to identify the potentials for further reductions. Numerous studies have been done on how the DHS can become more sustainable by installing new generation units. However, also the consumers have an influence on the DHS. After all, it are the consumers who decide when and how much heat or electricity they use. Most former studies and environmental guidelines for the DHS in Stockholm focussed on the producer side. This thesis looks at the consumer perspective of the (heat of the) district heating system. A real-time signal giving the greenhouse gas emissions of individual households is developed and its potential and challenges are discussed. With this signal, households that want to minimise their environmental impact have a tool to decrease their environmental impact by changing their consumption. This can be a first step to transform the DHS to a smart district heating system. First, generic models to calculate the dynamic greenhouse gas intensity of the heat production of district heating and to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions related to the heat consumption of households are suggested. Then the feedback signal with those real-time household emissions is calculated for representative households in Stockholm based on data of Stockholm’s DHS and data about hot tap water consumption in Sweden. Results indicate that variations in household level greenhouse gas emissions mostly reflect changes in consumption but can also result from changes by the producer. Intraday variations are mostly caused by changes in hot tap water consumption, while variations on a timescale of a few days are caused by changes in heating consumption (changing weather) and changes made by the producer (to use different fuels). Then several scenarios are calculated, each scenario looking at the actions a consumer can take to shift or reduce his/her consumption (decrease hot tap water usage, lower indoor temperature etc.). The real-time household emissions are calculated again to see if the signal gives the needed incentives (is the household rewarded for its effort? Does it get further incentives?). It was found that a strong time-incentive (to decrease consumption when it saves most emissions) is missing if the average perspective is used to calculate the emission intensity of the heat production. Also, the results confirmed the finding that the feedback signal might not reflect changes in consumption. Finally, challenges for the signal are discussed. One of the major hurdles is the fact that household consumption of heat (heating and hot tap water) can often not be measured on a household level. Thus, it has to be estimated but it seems very difficult to get this estimation accurate enough to give correct feedback to households, especially about the emissions saved by their efforts to reduce/shift their consumption. Secondly, the time resolution should be chosen well to still get accurate results but not make the signal to data-intensive. Finally, the result is heavily dependent on the chosen methodology (average or marginal perspective? Do you account for the electrical side of the DHS? How about the distribution losses? Etc.).

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Sayeed, Abdul. "Positron emission tomography analysis of Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842834/.

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a major concern for the elderly population, currently affecting over 670,000 people in the UK. With the continual increase in the age of the population the problem is expected to rise. There is no known cure to the condition and a definite diagnosis cannot be made in life. Clinical diagnosis is considered to be approximately 80% - 90% accurate, sometimes taking up to a year to assess. Early detection could aid in the care and possible development of better treatments or even a cure. AD has been shown to alter the structure and global texture of the brain. Studies using Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) and Computerised Tomography (CT) have been used to detect these changes with some success by some researchers. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is a functional imaging modality and in theory before structural changes are evident functional changes should be apparent. Therefore we utilise PET images for this study. This thesis will exploit the fact that AD alters the global texture of the brain. Texture features extracted from fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) PET images and sinograms of the brain will be used. Most texture feature extraction methods fail, due to poor signal to noise ratio so we will use a novel texture feature extraction method known as the Trace transform - triple features, which can extract features directly from raw data acquired by PET scanners. Classifiers will be used to aid in the separation of the two groups, namely AD patients and normal controls. The Trace transform - triple feature method has proven its potential as a good feature extraction technique. It enabled us to achieve classification accuracy of up to 93% on raw sinogram data using a combination of five features. This result is very good compared with the clinical accuracy of 80% reported by most researcher. It is comparable to results obtained by Kippenhan et al [52, 53, 51, 50], who used regional metabolic activity using PET and a neural network classifier. Monomial features extracted from images achieved accuracies as high as 87%. These features are good discriminators, however, they suffer from lack of scaling invariance. This is problematic as brain sizes do vary considerably. The use of registration and extraction of regional information failed to produce fruitful results. This is principally due to poor registration. The registration failed primarily because a very small cross section of the brain was available. Also the effect of AD alters the structure of the brain. Since the registration relies on matching structure, it becomes questionable whether one can actually register automatically a very degraded AD brain. Gender and age are crucial to the progress of Alzheimer's disease. Age and gender matching is not sufficient to get the best results. This thesis has shown that performance gains of up to 11% can be attained by simply incorporating age and/or gender into the classification model. However, the maximum classification accuracy was not improved any further.

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Mathiyaparanam, Jeyisanker. "Analysis of acoustic emission in cohesionless soil." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001715.

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Elfergani, Hisham. "Acoustic emission analysis of prestressed concrete structures." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/49383/.

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This thesis examines the role of Acoustic Emission (AE) as a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique for prestressed and reinforced concrete structures. The work focuses on the development of experimental techniques and data analysis methods for the detection, location and assessment of AE from prestressed and reinforced concrete specimens. This thesis reveals that AE can be used to detect the onset of corrosion activity in wire in the interface between prestressed concrete and mortar as found in prestressed concrete pipes. Furthermore, this technique can be used to locate the corrosion activity on different size prestressed concrete samples. By correlation between three parameters of classical AE analysis techniques (traditional parameters), damage can be detected and located whilst the corrosion area, macro crack and crack propagation can be identified. However, it cannot classify the crack type. Different damage modes, including corrosion activity, micro/macro cracking formation, crack propagation and wire failure generate different types of AE signals with varying amplitudes and absolute energy emitted. A novel analysis approach has been used on composite materials (concrete, mortar and steel) to evaluate differing crack types by a combination of the classical acoustic emission analysis technique and advanced analysis Rise time / Amplitude (RA) and Average Frequency (AF), results proved the effectiveness of the developed techniques for damage detection and classification crack types. The relationship between RA value and AF value can be used to determine the crack area and classify it as either tensile crack type, other type (shear movement) or no crack. The results of the research have demonstrated that the AE technique is valid in larger scale monitoring and hence the potential for monitoring real structures such as prestressed concrete pipes. Use of Kernel Density Estimation Function (KDEF) provides improved visualisation of the data to represent clearly the RA/AF values. Key Words: Acoustic Emission, Corrosion, Reinforced Concrete, Prestressed Concrete, Micro and Macro Concrete Cracks, Crack classification, Source Location, Damage Assessment, Monitoring.

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Erickson, Brice Carl. "Multicomponent flow injection analysis and quantitative infrared emission spectroscopy : chemometric applications /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8633.

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Nemalapuri, Vijay Krishna. "Impact of Traffic Operations on Carbon Monoxide Emissions Analysis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282322424.

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Link, Christoph, Juliane Stark, Axel Sonntag, and Reinhard Hössinger. "Contribution of an emission trading scheme to reduce road traffic induced CO2 emissions in Austria." Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1170.

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The Emission Trading Scheme for green house gases is a key tool of European climate protection. Including the road transport sector might be a promising strategy to limit its CO2 emissions. This could be realized within a common market (trans-sectoral trading permitted) or separated markets (trans-sectoral trading not permitted). Starting from different assumptions on emission reduction objectives, the impact of both options is analyzed using a quantitative model. Although an emission trading scheme is ecologically effective regardless of the trading model, it turns out that CO2 emissions and emission allowance prices differ strongly between both design options due to sector specific price elasticities of allowance demand. (authors' abstract)

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Pell, Randall James. "Chemometrics and infrared emission spectroscopy for remote analysis /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11545.

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Vidal, Meliá Lidia. "Analysis of environmental policy and emission control instruments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668542.

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The debate on the emissions control instruments for improving environmental policy is the inspiration of the present thesis. In a first attempt, we use a theoretical model to study how international trade affects the governments' decision on their industrial policy. We show that the countries' market size might drive the regulator's decision on the optimal industry policy. We also use laboratory methods to evaluate the impact of different combinations of instruments, compliances, and timings on firms' investment incentives. The asymmetric model of Requate and Unold, 2001 is the base of our experimental design by allocating different initial technologies to the firms, where firms can adopt an advanced abatement technology, which is the same for all firms. In particular, this thesis attempts to demonstrate whether this procedure induces an optimal allocation of investment decisions.<br>La inspiración de la presente tesis gira entorno al debate sobre los instrumentos de control de emisiones para mejorar la política ambiental. En un primer intento, utilizamos un modelo teórico para estudiar cómo el comercio internacional afecta la decisión de los gobiernos sobre su política industrial. Mostramos que el tamaño del mercado de los países podría impulsar la decisión del regulador sobre la política óptima de la industria. También empleamos métodos de laboratorio para evaluar el impacto de diferentes combinaciones de instrumentos, cumplimientos y tiempos en los incentivos de inversión de las empresas. El diseño experimental se basa en el modelo asimétrico de Requate and Unold, 2001 al asignar diferentes tecnologías iniciales a las empresas, donde las empresas pueden adoptar una tecnología de reducción avanzada, que es la misma para todas las empresas. En particular, esta tesis intenta demostrar si este procedimiento induce una asignación óptima de las decisiones de inversión.

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Книги з теми "EMISSION ANALYSIS"

Engineers, Society of Automotive, ed. Combustion, emission, and analysis. Society of Automotive Engineers, 1985.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and SAE International Congress & Exposition (1994 : Detroit, Mich.), eds. Global emission technology and analysis. Society of Automotive Engineers, 1994.

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P, Peèraèmaki, and Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), eds. Spectrochemical analysis by atomic absorption and emission. 2nd ed. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2004.

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Nilsen, Heidi. Imaging photon emission spectroscopy of food material. Shaker, 1996.

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Jayachandran, Toke. Studies and analyses in support of the oil analysis program. Naval Postgraduate School, 1986.

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Kruitwagen, Sonja. An economic analysis of tradeable emission permits for sulphur dioxide emission in Europe. [s.n.], 1996.

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1938-, Stiles David A., Calokerinos A. C, and Townshend A. 1939-, eds. Flame chemiluminescence analysis by molecular emission cavity detection. Wiley, 1994.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Standards Division, ed. Flexible polyurethane foam, emission reduction technologies, cost analysis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1996.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Standards Division., ed. Flexible polyurethane foam, emission reduction technologies, cost analysis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1996.

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Johansson, Sven A. E. PIXE: A novel technique for elemental analysis. Wiley, 1988.

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Частини книг з теми "EMISSION ANALYSIS"

Bruno, Thomas J., James W. Robinson, Eileen M. Skelly Frame, and George M. Frame. "Atomic Emission Spectroscopy." In Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis, 8th ed. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003188544-8.

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Ahluwalia, V. K. "Emission Spectroscopy." In Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38355-7_33.

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Krämer, Juliane. "Photonic Emission Analysis." In Why Cryptography Should Not Rely on Physical Attack Complexity. Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-787-1_3.

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Akash, Muhammad Sajid Hamid, and Kanwal Rehman. "Atomic Emission Spectroscopy." In Essentials of Pharmaceutical Analysis. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1547-7_7.

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Akash, Muhammad Sajid Hamid, and Kanwal Rehman. "Molecular Emission Spectroscopy." In Essentials of Pharmaceutical Analysis. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1547-7_8.

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Krämer, Juliane, Dmitry Nedospasov, Alexander Schlösser, and Jean-Pierre Seifert. "Differential Photonic Emission Analysis." In Constructive Side-Channel Analysis and Secure Design. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40026-1_1.

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Krautkrämer, Josef, and Herbert Krautkrämer. "Sound Emission Analysis (SEA)." In Ultrasonic Testing of Materials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10680-8_15.

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Wang, Wenju. "Carbon emission rights and carbon emission reduction target." In Price Analysis of China's Carbon Emissions. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003388500-2.

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Wang, Wenju. "Regional classification of carbon emissions and carbon emission indices." In Price Analysis of China's Carbon Emissions. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003388500-12.

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Shiotani, Tomoki, Yoshihiro Mizutani, Hideyuki Nakamura, and Shigenori Yuyama. "Practical AE Testing, Data Recording and Analysis." In Practical Acoustic Emission Testing. Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55072-3_5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "EMISSION ANALYSIS"

Worm, S. B. "RF Emission Analysis of Differential Busses." In 2006_EMC-Europe_Barcelona. IEEE, 2006. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.2006.10813283.

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Korenciak, Daniel, Miroslav Gutten, and Jan Kanuch. "Acoustic Emission Analysis of Dry Distribution Transformers." In 2024 8th International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ismsit63511.2024.10757226.

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Bernicky, Adam, Boyd Davis, and Hans-Peter Loock. "Neural network analysis of flame emission spectra for mineralogical analysis." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2024.af1d.2.

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We present a real-time, online, all-optical analysis of the feedstock minerals used in an industrial copper smelter based on the emission spectra generated in an acetylene-nitrous oxide flame and artificial neural network analysis.

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Bugaev, A. S., A. V. Vizir, V. I. Gushenets, et al. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COATING PROCESSES USING VACUUM AND GAS MAGNETRON." In Plasma emission electronics. Buryat Scientific Center of SB RAS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/978-5-7925-0655-8-2023-157-165.

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Zavyalov, M. A., T. M. Sapronova, and V. A. Syrovoy. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIODES WITH ELECTRON-ION FLOWS." In Plasma emission electronics. Buryat Scientific Center of SB RAS Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/978-5-7925-0524-7-2018-86-91.

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WOODWARD, B. "ENERGY SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION SIGNALS." In Acoustic Emission and Materials Evaluation 1979. Institute of Acoustics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/23362.

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Dogariu, Arthur, James Michael, and Richard Miles. "Remote backwards emission in air via stimulated emission in atomic oxygen." In Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis. OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacsea.2012.lt2b.2.

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Melnik, Vladimir I., Alexander N. Mikhailov, Valery M. Grishkin, Dmitri A. Ovsyannikov, and Yevgeny V. Yelaev. "Modeling methods of the test inputs for analysis the digital devices." In 2014 2nd International Conference on Emission Electronics (ICEE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emission.2014.6893969.

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Deslandes, Herve, Daisy Lu, and Jenny Fan. "Extended photon emission camera for thermal emission detection." In 2017 IEEE 24th International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipfa.2017.8060211.

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Vader, Nathan. "Operational Carbon Emission Factor Literature Review." In 2022 Building Performance Analysis Conference and SimBuild. ASHRAE and IBPSA-USA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26868/25746308.2022.simbuild2022_c034.

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Звіти організацій з теми "EMISSION ANALYSIS"

Lin, Jane, Yi-Ling Cheng, Xi Cheng, Hui Shen, Ajay Pawar, and Karol Koziel. Development of Commercial Vehicle Emission Inventory and Analysis. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-002.

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The objectives of this research are (1) to assemble and analyze commercial vehicle emission measurement data, (2) classify the effects of vehicle characteristics and traffic activities on commercial vehicle emissions, (3) estimate commercial vehicle emissions statewide in Illinois, and (4) identify truck emission-control strategies with a focus on truck electrification feasibility. The study found that vehicle type, make, age, odometer mileage, fuel type, engine brand (manufacturer), and engine built year are all important factors for truck emissions, and their effects are statistically significant according to ANOVA results. All pollutant emissions (CO, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, CO2) other than CH4 have a downward trend from 2019 to 2021 in Illinois. Such emission trends may be explained by a shift from long-distance truck trips to more regional and local trips between 2019 and 2021. Prolonged journey time due to charging and high initial adoption cost remain deterrents for long-haul e-truck adoption by carriers. Therefore, government policy plays a key role in facilitating electrification.

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Suzuki, Tsuyoshi, Takaki Itaya, Daisuke Kadowaki, Koji Yoshida, and Hideo Shoji. Combustion Analysis of Preflame Reaction Light Emission Behavior by Using Light Emission Measurement. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0514.

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Hester, M. Gas plasma analysis using an emission spectrometer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5137451.

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Chen, Chao-Lung, and Zong-Da Lin. Feasibility Study of Emission Improvement through Transient Emission Characteristics Analysis for Idle-Stop Motorcycles. SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9052.

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Braakhekke, Maarten C., Louise Wipfler, and Niamh O’Connor. Sensitivity analysis of the Substance Emission Model v2.1.2 component of the Greenhouse Emission Model. Wageningen Environmental Research, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18174/676542.

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Peterson, Warren. PR-663-20208-Z01 CO2e Economic Analysis Tool. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012079.

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The CO2e Economic Analysis Tool (CEAT) is a spreadsheet-based application for comparing project alternatives that are sensitive to GHG emission rates, emission levies or other financial parameters. The tool is applicable to hydrocarbon transportation systems, with an emphasis on natural gas transmission. CEAT provides a comparative forecast of benefits and expenses (including levies) from initial cash flow to arrival at the forecast horizon. Along with financial forecasting functions, the tool estimates the emissions associated with a wide range of hydrocarbon fluids (gas and liquid), electricity, thermal energy, and upstream transportation. The forecast model provides flexible configuration of CAPEX and O and M expenses and a customizable levy structure. The tool is Excel-based and requires version 16 or newer.

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Filippi, Cesar, Steven Litts, Mary Jo Clarke, and Robert Gruendl. Single and Aggregate Emission Level Models for Interference Analysis. Institute for Telecommunication Sciences, 1989. https://doi.org/10.70220/v7h51c7n.

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Coulson, Wendy, and James McCarthy. PR-312-16202-R02 GHG Emission Factor Development for Natural Gas Compressors. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011488.

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The U.S. EPA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reporting Program (GHGRP) requires compressor stations and underground storage facilities to measure compressor vent, rod packing, and seal emissions for facilities subject to 40 CFR, Part 98, Subpart W. The objective of the project is to gather and evaluate 2011 - 2016 Subpart W compressor vent and seal methane emissions data from site measurements, and present final results of an analysis to develop methane Emission Factors (EFs) based on these data. The EFs and analysis of relative contribution from different sources can be used: (1) as alternatives to current emission factors for compressor methane emissions used for Transmission and Storage (T and S) operations in EPA's annual GHG inventory; (2) to provide an EF based emission estimate for Subpart W that replaces ongoing annual GHGRP vent measurements; and (3) to document the relative contribution of different compressor leak/seal sources and support alternative leak mitigation strategies. Comparisons of the EPA Annual GHG Inventory EFs to Subpart W based EFs in this report show consistently lower compressor emissions than estimates based on historical data or reports. Large leaks, which stem from less than 3% of the compressor measurements, increase the EFs by 26% to 194%, thus greatly impacting the EF results. Alternative EFs are provided for transmission and storage compressor methane emissions.

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Peterson, Warren. PR-663-20208-Z03 CO2e Economic Analysis Tool. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012255.

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Анотація:

The CO2e Economic Analysis Tool (CEAT) is a spreadsheet-based application for comparing project alternatives that are sensitive to GHG emission rates, emission levies, or other financial parameters. The tool is applicable to hydrocarbon transportation systems, with an emphasis on natural gas transmission. CEAT provides a comparative forecast of benefits and expenses (including levies) from initial cash flow to arrival at the forecast horizon. Along with financial forecasting functions, the tool estimates the emissions associated with a wide range of hydrocarbon fluids (gas and liquid), electricity, thermal energy, and upstream transportation. The forecast model provides flexible configuration of CAPEX and O and M expenses and a customizable levy structure. This download includes a copy of the report and a copy of the Excel-based CO2e Economic Analysis Tool software (aka CEAT). The spreadsheet and the associated report are licensed to single users as noted in the end-user license agreement that is contained in the zip file.

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Plevin, Richard, Holly Gibbs, James Duffy, Sahoko Yui, and Sonia Yeh. Agro-ecological Zone Emission Factor (AEZ-EF) Model (v47). GTAP Technical Paper, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp34.

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The purpose of the agro-ecological zone emission factor model (AEZ-EF) is to estimate the total CO2-equivalent emissions from land use changes, e.g., from an analysis of biofuels impacts or policy analyses such as estimating the effect of changes in agricultural productivity on emissions from land use. The model combines matrices of carbon fluxes (Mg CO2/ha/y) with matrices of changes in land use (ha) according to land-use category as projected by GTAP or similar AEZ-oriented models. As published, AEZ-EF aggregates the carbon flows to the same 19 regions and 18 AEZs used by GTAP-BIO, the version of GTAP currently used by Purdue University researchers for modeling biofuel-induced ("indirect") land-use change (ILUC) (e.g., Tyner, Taheripour et al. 2010). The AEZ-EF model, however, is designed to work with an arbitrary number of regions, as described in the accompanying report.

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