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Статті в журналах з теми "Emergent logic"
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Voynarenko, Mykhaylo, Viktoriya Hurochkina, Viacheslav Dzhedzhula, Iryna Yepifanova, and Olena Menchynska. "Applying Fuzzy Logic to Modeling Economic Emergence." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (February 2, 2021): 424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.43.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modeling of financial, socioeconomic and integration indicators of fishing enterprises in conditions of uncertainty and constant transformation requires the development of an economic and mathematical model for studying the emergent state, which would be based on a set of main factors of influence of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the dynamics of functioning. To create an expert modeling system for multi factorial analysis of the processes of functioning and management decisions of industrial enterprises, a mathematical apparatus based on the theory of fuzzy logic and a linguistic variable was used. This economic and mathematical method is a computer of mathematical algorithms, models and formalized methods and is based on the stagnation of expert linguistic information for predicting indicators of development or decline in order to form the basic mechanism for detecting latent properties of an emergent state. To develop an economic and mathematical model expert assessments and the results of analytical and experimental scientific studies of a qualitative and quantitative nature are used. Fuzzy logic modeling allows you to combine quantitative and qualitative factors and allows you to identify latent signals of emergent properties and determine the level of emergent state of industrial enterprises
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Engelhardt, Jeff. "Emergent Substances, Physical Properties, Action Explanations." Erkenntnis 80, no. 6 (December 19, 2014): 1125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-014-9714-x.
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Atkins, Jill Frances, Aris Solomon, Simon Norton, and Nathan Lael Joseph. "The emergence of integrated private reporting." Meditari Accountancy Research 23, no. 1 (April 13, 2015): 28–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-01-2014-0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – This paper aims to provide evidence to suggest that private social and environmental reporting (i.e. one-on-one meetings between institutional investors and investees on social and environmental issues) is beginning to merge with private financial reporting and that, as a result, integrated private reporting is emerging. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, 19 FTSE100 companies and 20 UK institutional investors were interviewed to discover trends in private integrated reporting and to gauge whether private reporting is genuinely becoming integrated. The emergence of integrated private reporting through the lens of institutional logics was interpreted. The emergence of integrated private reporting as a merging of two hitherto separate and possibly rival institutional logics was framed. Findings – It was found that specialist socially responsible investment managers are starting to attend private financial reporting meetings, while mainstream fund managers are starting to attend private meetings on environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues. Further, senior company directors are becoming increasingly conversant with ESG issues. Research limitations/implications – The findings were interpreted as two possible scenarios: there is a genuine hybridisation occurring in the UK institutional investment such that integrated private reporting is emerging or the financial logic is absorbing and effectively neutralising the responsible investment logic. Practical implications – These findings provide evidence of emergent integrated private reporting which are useful to both the corporate and institutional investment communities as they plan their engagement meetings. Originality/value – No study has hitherto examined private social and environmental reporting through interview research from the perspective of emergent integrated private reporting. This is the first paper to discuss integrated reporting in the private reporting context.
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Swaminathan, Ramanathan. "The Emergent Artificial Intelligence of Green Spaces." Asiascape: Digital Asia 2, no. 3 (September 18, 2015): 238–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142312-12340032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper focuses on the digital logic that informs debates on urban ecology and green spaces in Asia. First, the paper builds a case regarding how pervasive digitalization is embedding everyday activities with artificial intelligence. This process, the paper argues, reconfigures existing social relationships of power and creates new modes of articulation, engagement, contestation, and negotiation. Second, the paper specifically looks at how this process informs material productions of space, spatiality, and territoriality of urban ecology. As case studies, the paper maps the narratives and discourses about Mumbai’s Mithi River and Seoul’s Cheonggyecheon and the way in which they are anchored to technoscapes and an overarching digital logic. This paper, concludes that this reconstituted urban ecology leads to ‘green narratives’ that are reductionist and simplistic.
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Salem, Tomas, and Bjørn Enge Bertelsen. "Emergent Police States." Conflict and Society 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2020.060106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Pacifying Police Units, rolled out in Rio de Janeiro ahead of the 2016 Summer Olympics, were part of a police intervention conceived to end the logic of war that characterized the city’s public security policies. As such, it adopted “so” strategies of policing aimed at reducing violence and asserting state sovereignty in “pacified” favelas. Drawing on a postcolonial framework of analysis, we argue that these favelas can be understood as sites for experiments in imperial statecraft, where a new set of socio-moral relations that we call police moralism were inscribed onto spaces and bodies. Pacification, in this context, means the reassertion of Brazil’s historical racial order. In our conclusion, we read the moral order implemented in the favelas as a prefiguration of President Jair Bolsonaro’s right-wing authoritarianism on a national scale.
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Ikeya, Nozomi, Rachael Luck, and Dave Randall. "Recovering the emergent logic in a software design exercise." Design Studies 33, no. 6 (November 2012): 611–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2012.06.004.
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Dzhedzhula, Viacheslav, Viktoriya Hurochkina, Iryna Yepifanova, and Anatoly Telnov. "Fuzzy Technologies for Modeling Social Capital in the Emergent Economy." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 19 (March 24, 2022): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2022.19.80.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Developed fuzzy mathematic model of identification of emergent state allows estimating the intensity of occurrence of positive emergent in the course of development of social capital. The main factors influencing the decision-making process regarding the emergent social capital have been determined. The system of social capital development is considered. As a result of modeling, we have chosen the indicator Esc - the level of emergence of social capital, which will assess the level of influence of drivers on the level of development of social capital in the modern information society of the emergent economy. The results of the study show that the indicator of the level of emergent social capital is formed on the basis of sources of structural, cognitive, relational, intellectual dimensions and dynamic processes of development of the digital environment, which promotes interaction and forms social network connections. Application of fuzzy logic in mathematic models of identification of the emergent state allows to take into account the national characteristics of the object of study and traditional and non-economic factors, at the same time, focuses on social interaction in the professional activities of the society.
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Safari, Maryam, Vincent Bicudo de Castro, and Ileana Steccolini. "The interplay between home and host logics of accountability in multinational corporations (MNCs): the case of the Fundão dam disaster." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 33, no. 8 (June 9, 2020): 1761–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2019-3912.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThe major purpose of this paper is to answer the overarching questions of how multinational corporations (MNCs) address the multiple institutional logics of accountability and pressures of the field in which they operate and how the dominant logic changes and shifts in response to such pressures pre- and post-disaster situation.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth interpretive textual analyses of multiple longitudinal data sets are conducted to study the case of the Fundão dam disaster. The data sources include historical documents, academic articles and public institutional press releases from 2000 to 2016, covering the environment leading to the case study incident and its aftermath.FindingsThe findings reveal how MNCs' plurality of and, at times, conflicting institutional logics shape the organizational behaviors, actions and nonactions of actors pre-, peri- and post-disaster. More specifically, the predominance bureaucracy embedded in the state-corporatist logic of the host country before a disaster allows the strategic subunit of an MNC to continue operating while causing various forms of environmental damage until a globally visible disaster triggers a reversal in the dominant logic toward the embrace of wider, global, emergent social and environmental accountability.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to discussions regarding the need to explore in depth of how MNCs respond to multiple institutional pressures in practice. This study extends the literature concerning disaster accountability, state-corporatism and logic-shifting by exploring how MNCs respond to the plurality of institutional logics and pressures over time and showing how, in some cases, logics not only reinforce but also contrast with each other and how a globally exposed disaster may trigger a shift in the dominant logic governing MNCs' responses.
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Najmaei, Arash. "Logic of Growth." International Journal of Strategic Information Technology and Applications 5, no. 4 (October 2014): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsita.2014100103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Business literature has paid a remarkable deal of attention to the growth of the firm. Despite the enormity of research about this phenomenon the role of business model in this context has surprisingly received little attention. In some cases, it has also been mistakenly equated with the strategy of the firm. In this research the authors address these two issues in two steps. First the authors clarify the concept of business model and distinguish it from the concept of strategy. Second the authors show what roles these two can play in the growth of the firm separately and jointly. Therefore this research can serve two purposes: 1) to advance understanding of growth as a complicated phenomenon from the perspective of business model and its interactions with strategy and 2) to provoke further empirical and theoretical research on this emergent area of inquiry. The main conclusion drawn from this analysis is that, although business model is not strategy however these two are intertwined and their interactions form the underlying assumptions by which a firm grows.
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McLoughlin, Kate, and Joanne Meehan. "The institutional logic of the sustainable organisation: the case of a chocolate supply network." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 41, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-11-2020-0773.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how, and by whom, institutional logics are determined in the action of sustainable organisation. The authors analyse a supply chain network structure to understand how multiple stakeholders' perceptions of sustainability emerge into a dominant logic and diffuse across an organisational field.Design/methodology/approachStakeholder network theory provides novel insights into emerging logics within a chocolate supply chain network. Semi-structured interviews with 35 decision-makers were analysed alongside 269 company documents to capture variations in emergent logics. The network was mapped to include 63 nodes and 366 edges to analyse power structure and mechanisms.FindingsThe socio-economic organising principles of sustainable organisation, their sources of power and their logics are identified. Economic and social logics are revealed, yet the dominance of economic logics creates risks to their coexistence. Logics are largely shaped in pre-competitive activities, and resource fitness to collaborative clusters limits access for non-commercial actors.Research limitations/implicationsPowerful firms use network structures and collaborative and concurrent inter-organisational relationships to define and diffuse their conceptualisation of sustainability and restrict competing logics.Originality/valueThis novel study contributes to sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) through presenting the socio-economic logic as a new conceptual framework to understand the action of sustainable organisation. The identification of sophisticated mechanisms of power and hegemonic control in the network opens new research agendas.
Дисертації з теми "Emergent logic"
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Nagaraj, Varun. "Emergent Learning in Digital Product Teams." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1553980113426569.
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Bennett, W. E. "Construction equipment emerging technologies: fuzzy logic controllers." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25784.
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Neutzling, Augusto. "Thereshold logic technology mapping for emerging nanotechnologies." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/180356.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Threshold logic is a powerful alternative paradigm for realizing Boolean functions in digital circuit design. A threshold logic function (TLF) can be roughly defined as a Boolean function in which the output is evaluated in terms of input weights and a threshold value. Although the subject has been investigated since the 1960’s, the lack of effective hardware implementation for threshold functions led to a loss of interest in developing a threshold logic design flow. However, for some emerging technologies, such as memristors, spintronic, quantum cellular automata (QCA) and resonant tunneling devices (RTD), such a logic design strategy seems to be more appropriate than the traditional switch-based CMOS circuitry. Thus, research and development of synthesis and verification methods applicable to large, multi-level threshold circuits are desired. Existing state-of-the-art threshold logic synthesis tools rely on locally resynthesizing each single-output node out of circuits initially mapped disregarding thresholdness. This work presents the first effective technology mapping approach for threshold logic gates (TLGs), which is based on identifying threshold logic functions during the mapping. This enables to explore the entire circuit-level search space, seeking a threshold logic covering. As a consequence, we improve both area and performance results, as well as the synthesis scalability. A second contribution introduced in this thesis improves the quality of results by efficiently exploring redundant cuts. The technology mapper, we propose herein, is also able to target different threshold-based area estimations: the total summation of input weights and threshold values; the total summation of gate inputs; and the total number of TLGs. Finally, we propose a TLF-based approach to perform logic synthesis for majority-gatebased emerging nanotechnologies.Lógica de Limiar (Threshold Logic) é um promissor paradigma alternativo para implementar funções Booleanas is projetos de circuitos digitais. Uma função limiar pode ser definida como uma função Booleana onde a saída é avaliada em termos dos pesos das entradas e um valor de threshold. Embora esse assunto tenha sido investigado desde a década de 1960, a lacuna por implementações em hardware eficientes para funções threshold resultaram em um menor interesse no desenvolvimento de um fluxo de projeto baseado em threshold logic. No entanto, para algumas tecnologias emergentes como memristors, spintronic e diodos de tunelamento ressonantes (RTD), essa estratégia de projeto se mostra mais apropriada que os circuitos CMOS tradicionais baseados em chaves lógicas. Portanto, a pesquisa e o desenvolvimentos de métodos de síntese e verificação aplicáveis a circuitos threshold multi-níveis são necessárias. As ferramentas estado-da-arte para a síntese de circuitos threshold realizam um mapeamento tecnologico genérico, sem considerar informações de propriedades threshold, e depois realizam uma resíntese para cada nodo do circuito mapeado. Este trabalho apresenta a primeira abordagem efetiva de mapeamento tecnológico para portas lógicas threshold (TLGs), baseada em identificar funções threshold durante o mapeamento. Essa abordagem habilita a exploração do espaço de busca em todo o circuito, procurando por uma cobertutra threshold logic. Como consequência, os resultados em termos de área e desempenho são melhorados, assim como a escalabilidade do circuito. Uma segunda contribuição introduzida nesse trabalho é melhora da qualidade dos resultados explorando cortes redundantes de uma maneira mais eficiente. Finalmente, o mapeador tecnológico proposto também é capaz de otimizar diferente estimativas de área dos TLGs: o somatório total de pesos e valor de threshold; o somatório total de entradas; e o número total de TLGs.
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Norval, A. J. "Accounting for apartheid : its emergence, logic and crisis." Thesis, University of Essex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317705.
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Powell, Christopher. "Transformation and emergence, systems logic in Parsons and Marx." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0002/MQ36845.pdf.
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Walker, Mark John. "The programmable logic controller : its prehistory, emergence and application." Thesis, Open University, 2012. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54687/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are widely used devices controlling industrial machines and processes and many other diverse applications, requiring primarily, combinatorial logic and sequential control. The PLC is a hidden technology, little known by the general public and overlooked in academic historical studies of technology. The research reported in this thesis aims to address this lack of awareness. The thesis explores the development of sequential and combinatorial logic control technologies, the emergence of the PLC, its subsequent development and its industrial applications. Patents and first- hand accounts and experiences from senior industrial engineers in a number of diverse manufacturing industries have been used as the primary research sources since, as a hidden technology, academic historical accounts are sparse. This approach illustrates, through using the PLC as an example, a potential method of studying other, unrelated hidden technologies. The research has revealed the influence of geography, industrial settings and earlier engineering practices on the design, selection and application of PLC control technologies, and comments on the how these influences define specific communities of practice.
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Martins, Mayler Gama Alvarenga. "Applications of functional composition for CMOS and emerging technologies." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164452.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Os avanços da indústria de semicondutores nas últimas décadas foram baseados fortemente na contínua redução de tamanho dos dispositivos CMOS fabricados. Os usos de dispositivos CMOS dependem profundamente da lógica de portas E/OU/INV. À medida que os dispositivos CMOS estão atingindo oslimites fisicos, pesquisadores aumento esforço para prolongar a vida útil da tecnologia CMOS. Também é necessário investigar dispositivos alternativos, que em muitos casos implicam no uso de operações lógicas básicas diferentes. Como as ferramentas comerciais de síntese não são capazes de manipular eficientemente estas tecnologias Esta tese de doutorado foca em produzir algoritmos eficientes para projeto de circuitos tanto em CMOS quanto em novas tecnologias, integrando estes algorithmos em fluxos de projeto. Para esta tarefa, aplicamos a técnica da composição functional, para sintetizar eficiente tanto em CMOS quanto em tecnologias emergentes. A composição funcional é uma abordagem de síntese de baixo para cima, provendo flexibilidade para implementar algoritmos com resultados ótimos ou sub-ótimos para diferentes tecnologias. A fim de investigar como a composição funcional se compara às abordagens de síntese estado-da-arte, propomos aplicar esse paradigma de síntese em seis cenários diferentes. Dois deles se concentram em circuitos baseados em CMOS e outros quatro em circuitos baseados em tecnologias emergentes. Em relação a circuitos baseados em CMOS, investigamos a composição funcional para fatoração de funções multi-saídas, aplicadas em um fluxo de resíntese. Também manipulamos funções aproximadas, a fim de sintetizar módulos de redundância tripla aproximada. No que diz respeito as tecnologias emergentes, exploramos a composição funcional através de diodos spintrônicos e outras abordagens promissoras com base em diferentes implementações de lógica: a lógica de limiar, lógica majoritária e lógica de implicação. Resultados apresentam uma melhoria considerável em relação aos métodos estadoda- arte tanto para aplicações CMOS quanto aplicações de tecnologias emergentes, demonstrando a capacidade de lidar com diferentes tecnologias e mostrando a possibilidade de melhorar tecnologias ainda não exploradas.The advances in semiconductor industry over the last decades have been strongly based on continuous scaling down of dimensions in manufactured CMOS devices. The use of CMOS devices profoundly relies on AND/OR/Inverter logic. As the CMOS scaling is reaching its physical limits, researchers increase the effort to prolong the CMOS life. Also, it is necessary to investigate alternative devices, which in many cases implies the use of different basic logic operations. As the commercial synthesis tools are not able to handle these technologies efficiently, there is an opportunity to research alternative logic implementations better suited for these new devices. This thesis focuses on presenting efficient algorithms to design circuits in both CMOS and new technologies while integrating these algorithms into regular design flows. For this task, we apply the functional composition technique, to efficiently synthesize both CMOS and emerging technologies. The functional composition is a bottom-up synthesis approach, providing flexibility to implement algorithms with optimal or suboptimal results for different technologies. To investigate how the functional composition compares to the state-of-the-art synthesis methods, we propose to apply this synthesis paradigm into six different scenarios. Two of them focus on CMOS-based circuits, and other four are based on emerging technologies. Regarding CMOSbased circuits, we investigate functional composition to investigate multi-output factorization in a circuit resynthesis flow. Also, we manipulate approximate functions to synthesize approximate triple modular redundancy (ATMR) modules. Concerning emerging technologies, we explore functional composition over spin-diode circuits and other promising approaches based on different logic implementations: threshold logic, majority logic, and implication logic. Results present a considerable improvement over the state-of-the-art methods for both CMOS and emerging technologies applications, demonstrating the ability to handle different technologies and showing the possibility to improve technologies not explored yet.
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Silva, Augusto Neutzling. "Syhthesis of thereshold logic based circuits." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/119435.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Circuitos baseados em portas lógicas de limiar (threshold logic gates – TLG) vem sendo estudados como uma alternativa promissora em relação ao tradicional estilo lógico CMOS, baseado no operadores AND e OR, na construção de circuitos integrados digitais. TLGs são capazes de implementar funções Booleanas mais complexas em uma única porta lógica. Diversos novos dispositivos, candidatos a substituir o transistor MOS, não se comportam como chaves lógicas e são intrinsicamente mais adequados à implementação de TLGs. Exemplos desses dispositivos são os memristores, spintronica, diodos de tunelamento ressonante (RTD), autômatos celulares quânticos (QCA) e dispositivos de tunelamento de elétron único (SET). Para o desenvolvimento de um fluxo de projeto de circuitos integrados baseados em lógica threshold, duas etapas são fundamentais: (1) identificar se uma dada função Booleana corresponde a uma função lógica threshold (TLF), isto é, pode ser implementada em um único TLG e computar os pesos desse TLG; (2) se uma função não é identificada como TLF, outro método de síntese lógica deve construir uma rede de TLGs otimizada que implemente a função. Este trabalho propõe métodos para atacar cada um desses dois problemas, e os resultados superam os métodos do estado-da-arte. O método proposto para realizar a identificação de TLFs é o primeiro método heurístico capaz de identificar todas as funções de cinco e seis variáveis, além de identificar mais funções que os demais métodos existentes quando o número de variáveis aumenta. O método de síntese de redes de TLGs é capaz de sintetizar circuitos reduzindo o número de portas TLG utilizadas, bem como a profundidade lógica e o número de interconexões. Essa redução é demonstrada através da síntese dos circuitos de avaliação da MCNC em comparação com os métodos já propostos na literatura. Tais resultados devem impactar diretamente na área e desempenho do circuito.In this work, a novel method to synthesize digital integrated circuits (ICs) based on threshold logic gates (TLG) is proposed. Synthesis considering TLGs is quite relevant, since threshold logic has been revisited as a promising alternative to conventional CMOS IC design due to its suitability to emerging technologies, such as resonant tunneling diodes, memristors and spintronics devices. Identification and synthesis of threshold logic functions (TLF) are fundamental steps for the development of an IC design flow based on threshold logic. The first contribution is a heuristic algorithm to identify if a function can be implemented as a single TLG. Furthermore, if a function is not detected as a TLF, the method uses the functional composition approach to generate an optimized TLG network that implements the target function. The identification method is able to assign optimal variable weights and optimal threshold value to implement the function. It is the first heuristic algorithm that is not based on integer linear programming (ILP) that is able to identify all threshold functions with up to six variables. Moreover, it also identifies more functions than other related heuristic methods when the number of variables is more than six. Differently from ILP based approaches, the proposed algorithm is scalable. The average execution time is less than 1 ms per function. The second major contribution is the constructive process applied to generate optimized TLG networks taking into account multiple goals and design costs, like gate count, logic depth and number of interconnections. Experiments carried out over MCNC benchmark circuits show an average gate count reduction of 32%, reaching up to 54% of reduction in some cases, when compared to related approaches.
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Berger, Benjamin. "From nature to spirit : Schelling, Hegel, and the logic of emergence." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80030/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is a study of the relationship between 'nature' and 'spirit' in the philosophies of F.W.J. Schelling and G.W.F. Hegel. I aim to show that Schelling and Hegel are involved in a shared task of conceiving spiritual freedom as a necessary outcome of nature's inner, rational development. I argue that by interpreting spirit as 'emergent' from nature, the absolute idealists develop a 'third way' beyond Cartesian dualism and monist naturalism. For on the idealist account, nature and spirit are neither ontologically discontinuous, as if separated by an insurmountable 'gap', nor are they identical, as if spirit were simply a 'second nature'. Rather, according to both Schelling and Hegel, spirit emerges from nature as its ontologically distinct and non-natural telos. What makes Schelling's and Hegel's philosophies of nature so unique, however, is not simply that they present spiritual freedom as dependent upon nature, but that the ontological specificity of spirit is shown to be rationally necessary. In fact, neither the early Schelling nor Hegel is concerned with the historical emergence of spirit. Rather, both philosophers see the 'emergence' of spirit as an atemporal feature of being that must be derived through sheer reason—be it Schelling’s method of 'depotentiation' or Hegel's dialectical logic. I therefore argue that by bracketing the question of historical emergence, Schelling and Hegel each develop a distinctive logic of emergence whereby spiritual freedom is shown to be necessary thanks to the ontological structure of the impersonal, natural world. In my concluding chapter, I consider Schelling's argument in his Berlin lectures of the 1840s that the idealist logic of emergence must be supplemented with a speculative consideration of historical emergence if philosophy is to be a complete science of reality. From this perspective, it looks as though both Hegel's and the early Schelling's 'logics of emergence', despite all their promise, presuppose the idea that nature's necessary stages need not express themselves in temporal succession (as do the necessary stages of human history) in order for them to be fully realised. I conclude the thesis by suggesting that Schelling's Ages of the World was meant to overcome this apparent limit of the 'logic of emergence' without abandoning its fundamental aims. For in the Ages, nature's rationally necessary development is presented as unfolding in time, and time is understood as nothing other than the actual development of nature into spirit.
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Misiolek, Nora Irene. "Patterns of emergent leadership in distributed teams." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Emergent logic"
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A mathematical structure for emergent computation. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.
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Bennett, W. E. Construction equipment emerging technologies: Fuzzy logic controllers. Springfield, Va: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995.
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Japanese foreign policy: The emerging logic of multilateralism. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.
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Chomicki, Jan. Logics for Emerging Applications of Databases. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004.
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Chomicki, Jan, Ron van der Meyden, and Gunter Saake, eds. Logics for Emerging Applications of Databases. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18690-5.
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Classical Indian metaphysics: Refutations of realism and the emergence of "new logic". Chicago: Open Court, 1995.
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Skoog, Gun Eriksson. The Soft Budget Constraint — The Emergence, Persistence and Logic of an Institution. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6793-3.
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Skoog, Gun Eriksson. The soft budget constraint: The emergence, persistence, and logic of an institution. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
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Conni, Carlo. Identità e strutture emergenti: Una prospettiva ontologica della Terza ricerca logica di Husserl. Milano: Bompiani, 2005.
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Between worlds: The emergence of global reason. New York: Peter Lang, 1998.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Emergent logic"
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Aranda, Jesús, Gerard Assayag, Carlos Olarte, Jorge A. Pérez, Camilo Rueda, Mauricio Toro, and Frank D. Valencia. "An Overview of FORCES: An INRIA Project on Declarative Formalisms for Emergent Systems." In Logic Programming, 509–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02846-5_44.
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Beyers, Fleur. "Emergent Times: Disruptive Logic as a Breeding Ground." In Citizenship in Organizations, 157–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60237-0_9.
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Giordano, Laura, Valentina Gliozzi, Nicola Olivetti, and Gian Luca Pozzato. "Reasoning about Typicality with Low Complexity Description Logics: The Logic $\mathcal{EL}^{+^\bot}{\bf T}$." In AI*IA 2009: Emergent Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence, 62–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10291-2_7.
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Maccarini, Andrea M. "The Logic of Opportunity and Its Normative (Dis)contents." In Deep Change and Emergent Structures in Global Society, 115–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13624-6_5.
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Confalonieri, Roberto, Juan Carlos Nieves, and Javier Vázquez-Salceda. "Pstable Semantics for Logic Programs with Possibilistic Ordered Disjunction." In AI*IA 2009: Emergent Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence, 52–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10291-2_6.
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Kustrin, Daniel, and Jim Austin. "Connectionist Propositional Logic A Simple Correlation Matrix Memory Based Reasoning System." In Emergent Neural Computational Architectures Based on Neuroscience, 534–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44597-8_38.
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Bartocci, Ezio, Luca Bortolussi, Dimitrios Milios, Laura Nenzi, and Guido Sanguinetti. "Studying Emergent Behaviours in Morphogenesis Using Signal Spatio-Temporal Logic." In Hybrid Systems Biology, 156–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26916-0_9.
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Ferilli, S., M. Biba, N. Di Mauro, T. M. A. Basile, and F. Esposito. "Plugging Taxonomic Similarity in First-Order Logic Horn Clauses Comparison." In AI*IA 2009: Emergent Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence, 131–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10291-2_14.
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Biba, Marenglen, Stefano Ferilli, and Floriana Esposito. "High Performing Algorithms for MAP and Conditional Inference in Markov Logic." In AI*IA 2009: Emergent Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence, 274–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10291-2_28.
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Becherer, Markus. "3D Nanomagnetic Logic." In Emerging Non-volatile Memory Technologies, 259–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6912-8_8.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Emergent logic"
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Jakobsson, Ase K., Elena Mazourenko, Regina Crameri, and Diana Shrimpton. "Innovation and emergent technologies for defence — Logic and creativity." In 2014 9th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SOSE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sysose.2014.6892478.
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Vianna, H., V. Andersson, G. Sanchez, and L. Agostini. "Very high throughput FPGA design for vertical rotational transform of HEVC emergent video coding standard." In 2012 VIII Southern Conference on Programmable Logic (SPL). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spl.2012.6211797.
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Komura, Keigo, Atsuko Mutoh, and Nobuhiro Inuzuka. "Application of Inductive Logic Programming to Produce Emergent Behavior in an Artificial Society." In 2014 IIAI 3rd International Conference on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAIAAI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai.2014.185.
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Rabhi, Yassine, Lotfi Tlig, Makrem Mrabet, and Mounir Sayadi. "A Fuzzy Logic based control system for Electric Wheelchair obstacle avoidance." In 2022 5th International Conference on Advanced Systems and Emergent Technologies (IC_ASET). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic_aset53395.2022.9765828.
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Hamdi Pacha, Fatima Zohra, Walid Amri, Nadia Fezai, and Abdessattar Benamor. "Intelligent Control Based on Adaptative Fuzzy Logic for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine." In 2020 4th International Conference on Advanced Systems and Emergent Technologies (IC_ASET). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic_aset49463.2020.9318278.
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Ilham, Toumi, Meghni Billel, and Djamel Taibi. "Monitoring of Wind Energy Conversion System by on Dimensional Adaptive Tuning Fuzzy Logic Controller." In 2022 5th International Conference on Advanced Systems and Emergent Technologies (IC_ASET). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic_aset53395.2022.9765876.
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Lomuscio, Alessio, and Edoardo Pirovano. "Verifying Emergence of Bounded Time Properties in Probabilistic Swarm Systems." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/56.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We introduce a parameterised semantics for reasoning about swarms as unbounded collections of agents in a probabilistic setting. We develop a method for the formal identification of emergent properties, expressed in a fragment of the probabilistic logic PCTL. We introduce algorithms for solving the related decision problems and show their correctness. We present an implementation and evaluate its performance on an ant coverage algorithm.
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Shettigar, Nandan, Chun-Lin Yang, and C. Steve Suh. "On the Efficacy of Information Transfer in Complex Networks." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73710.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The adaptability of a complex network determines its ability to maintain stability in a time-dependent environment. These change in macrostate dynamics (time-varying properties in the form of adaptations) are facilitated through a respective change in the microstate configurations of a network. Consequently, these configurations are in terms of the cumulative interactions of the constituents which compose the network ensemble. The nonlinear culmination of these interactions (connections) result in emergent patterns. Therefore, defining the local degree of coupling (strength of connected interactions between constituents) and how these change over time is essential to determine the resultant global time-varying properties of a complex network. Thus, this study proposes the parameters of connectivity (degree of coupling) between constituents in terms of efficacy of information transmission and reception. The underlying logic is that the degree of coupling between two nodes (constituents) can be defined in terms of how much information is transmitted by a donor and how well this is received by the recipient. These parameters control the microstate configurations of a complex network from which macrostate dynamics emerges that govern the adaptability of the network. As global network dynamical properties are nonstationary, the individual (local) constituents and their couplings must also exhibit dynamic, nonstationary behaviors to maintain stability. These local factors result in highly nonlinear behaviors which produce an amalgamation of overall (global) synchronous and asynchronous emergent patterns based on a desired objective and physical system constraints. Furthermore, the intrinsically time-variant nature of the individual constituents and their connections have a particular degree of variance in the time and frequency domains. This characteristic of the degree of coupling controls and allows for change in the magnitude of information transfer between nodes (constituents) in the network. Thus, the adaptability of the degree of coupling and is the foundational basis that allows the global collective properties of a network system to have a high degree of adaptability and robustness to time-varying environments (external disruptions that can compromise system stability). Additionally, emergent behaviors result from the constructive (or destructive) interactions of local dynamics which can increase (or decrease) the influence of individual behaviors amidst the scales of a complex network. This produces a mix of global asynchronous and synchronous organization across spatial and temporal scales that correspond to stable ensemble behaviors. These spatiotemporal scales may exhibit statistical self-similarity. The specific type of emergent scales of behavior is regulated by the degree of coupling between constituents. Therefore, effectively regulating the degree of coupling between constituents is a fundamental basis in regulating a complex network’s capability to adapt to disturbances coming from within as well as without. General parameters defining the degree of coupling are the efficacy of information transmission and the efficacy of information reception. In this study, synaptic plasticity (the modulation of the degree of coupling between neurons) in the human brain is used as an example to enumerate how the parameters controlling the degree of coupling between nodes (the efficacy of information transmission and reception) can be defined, modeled and universally implemented to further a comprehensive understanding of the nonlinear and potential chaotic nature of complex networks in general.
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Shirinzadeh, Saeideh, Kamalika Datta, and Rolf Drechsler. "Logic Design Using Memristors: An Emerging Technology." In 2018 IEEE 48th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic (ISMVL). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismvl.2018.00029.
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Sverdlov, Viktor, Simone Fiorentini, Johannes Ender, Wolfgang Goes, Roberto L. de Orio, and Siegfried Selberherr. "Emerging CMOS Compatible Magnetic Memories and Logic." In 2020 IEEE Latin America Electron Devices Conference (LAEDC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/laedc49063.2020.9073332.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Emergent logic"
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McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.
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Wiecha, Jean L., and Mary K. Muth. Agreements Between Public Health Organizations and Food and Beverage Companies: Approaches to Improving Evaluation. RTI Press, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.op.0067.2101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Efforts in the United States and abroad to address the chronic disease epidemic have led to the emergence of voluntary industry agreements as a substitute for regulatory approaches to improve the healthfulness of foods and beverages. Because of the lack of access to data and limited budgets, evaluations of these agreements have often been limited to process evaluation with less focus on outcomes and impact. Increasing scientific scope and rigor in evaluating voluntary food and beverage industry agreements would improve potential public health benefits and understanding of the effects of these agreements. We describe how evaluators can provide formative, process, and outcome assessment and discuss challenges and opportunities for impact assessment. We explain how logic models, industry profiles, quasi-experimental designs, mixed-methods approaches, and third-party data can improve the effectiveness of agreement design and evaluation. These methods could result in more comprehensive and rigorous evaluation of voluntary industry agreements, thus providing data to bolster the public health impacts of future agreements. However, improved access to data and larger evaluation budgets will be needed to support improvements in evaluation.
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Li, Howell, Tom Platte, Jijo K. Mathew, W. Benjamin Smith, Enrique Saldivar-Carranza, and Darcy M. Bullock. Using Connected Vehicle Data to Reassess Dilemma Zone Performance of Heavy Vehicles. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317321.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rate of fatalities at signalized intersections involving heavy vehicles is nearly five times higher than for passenger vehicles in the US. Previous studies in the US have found that heavy vehicles are twice as likely to violate a red light compared with passenger vehicles. Current technologies leverage setback detection to extend green time for a particular phase and are based upon typical deceleration rates for passenger cars. Furthermore, dilemma zone detectors are not effective when the max out time expires and forces the onset of yellow. This study proposes the use of connected vehicle (CV) technology to trigger force gap out (FGO) before a vehicle is expected to arrive within the dilemma zone limit at max out time. The method leverages position data from basic safety messages (BSMs) to map-match virtual waypoints located up to 1,050 ft in advance of the stop bar. For a 55 mph approach, field tests determined that using a 6 ft waypoint radius at 50 ft spacings would be sufficient to match 95% of BSM data within a 5% lag threshold of 0.59 s. The study estimates that FGOs reduce dilemma zone incursions by 34% for one approach and had no impact for the other. For both approaches, the total dilemma zone incursions decreased from 310 to 225. Although virtual waypoints were used for evaluating FGO, the study concludes by recommending that trajectory-based processing logic be incorporated into controllers for more robust support of dilemma zone and other emerging CV applications.
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Sergeyev, Mykola. Ukrainian National Idea in the Modern Ukrainian Media Space. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11407.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
M. Sergeyev’s article “Ukrainian National Idea in the Modern Ukrainian Media Space” states that modern Ukrainian philosophical thought tries to get rid of the flaws and stereotypes of its one-sided orientation “to the East” and tries to establish a European orientation in the minds of Ukrainian citizens. The theoretical proof of the new worldview took place throughout the formation of the Ukrainian state from Little Russia to Ukraine and presents its actual struggle for independence. It is an integral concept that reflects the process of forming theories and views of prominent Ukrainian thinkers on the place and role of Ukrainians in the becoming and development of an independent Ukrainian state. As O. Zabuzhko emphasizes, “all Ukrainian philosophical, historical, sociological thought of the past and our centuries (including the diaspora) is permeated with the sacred idea of nationalism”. The author concludes that the logic of the historical development of the Ukrainian national idea reveals only one model of its socio-political future, which implies the need for Ukraine’s integration into the European and world community. This path requires the moral and political readiness of the entire Ukrainian society for its implementation and prevents the emergence of any other - alternative ideas. Solving this problem is complicated by the need to return to Ukraine the temporarily occupied territories of Crimea, Luhansk and Donetsk regions. Of course, this model will lead to significant political and economic tensions in society (the final severance of economic relations with Russia, the closure of non-competitive industries, the outflow of labor to the west). At the same time, the orientation of the Ukrainian national idea to the west will increase competition in all branches of production and will be a condition for further self-improvement of Ukrainian society.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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Guppy, Lisa, Paula Uyttendaele, Karen Villholth, and Vladimir Smakhtin. Groundwater and Sustainable Development Goals: Analysis of Interlinkages. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/jrlh1810.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Groundwater represents 97% of the world’s available freshwater resources and is extensively abstracted throughout the world. While abundant in a global context, it can only de developed to a certain extent without causing environmental impacts. Also, it is highly variable across the globe, and where it is heavily relied on, it is less renewable. Hence, it is critically important that this resource is managed sustainably. However, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Development Agenda do not, as a rule, account explicitly for the significant role that groundwater plays and will continue to play in sustainable development. This report aims to unpack and highlight this role through consistent analysis of the interlinkages between groundwater and the targets of the SDGs. The key features of groundwater relevant to the SDGs are its use, management and sustainability. The methodology used to analyse groundwater interlinkages with SDG targets includes, first, identification of ‘evidence-based’ and ‘logical’ interlinkages. The first type of interlinkages is supported by existing data, while the second is by information and logic that needs to be drawn from existing bodies of relevant research. While only a few interlinkages may be seen at present as “evidence-based”, more data are continuously emerging to make more interlinkages supported by hard-core evidence. Subsequently, the interlinkages are classified into either ‘reinforcing’, ‘conflicting’ or ‘mixed’ – depending on whether achievement of a target will have predominantly positive, negative, or mixed impact on groundwater. The interlinkages are also classified into ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’, depending on how strong and direct the impacts on groundwater from achieving the targets may be. The report presents a summary of key interlinkages, and subsequently provides the narrative of all ‘primary’ ones. The analysis suggests that more than half of interlinkages are ‘reinforcing’, while only a few are ‘conflicting’. From a policy perspective i) conflicting interlinkages are the most critical and difficult ones to manage, and ii) it is important to draw synergies between SDG initiatives and groundwater to allow reinforcing interlinkages to materialise. Nearly a third of all identified interlinkages were classified as ‘mixed’. This means that when target activities are planned, careful consideration must be given to possible impacts on groundwater to avoid unintended negative outcomes that may not be evident at first. Primary interlinkages that constitute 43% of all may be the easiest to understand and the most important to plan for. However, there are even more secondary interlinkages. This means that groundwater experts need to be able to share knowledge to a range of actors involved in addressing the targets with secondary interlinkages to groundwater, and vice versa. It is also shown that i) the importance of groundwater to sustainable development is poorly recognised and captured at the SDG target level; ii) there is a lack of globally useful, up-to-date and SDG-relevant groundwater data available, which makes it difficult to make globally, and even locally, relevant recommendations for groundwater use, management and sustainability in the SDG era, and iii) there are often poor links between targets and their indicators. This may signal that all groundwater-related and groundwater-relevant aspirations may not be translated into real, let alone, measurable action. This report is not a comprehensive analysis and involves an element of subjectivity, associated primarily with the data and information paucity on one hand, and with the imperfection of the SDG target and indicator system itself – on another. However, even with these limitations, the report shows how significant groundwater is in sustainable development, even if the current SDG framework is implicit about this. Furthermore, it suggests a structured way to improve the visibility of groundwater in the SDG framework as it continues to develop.