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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Electron probe microanalysis EPMA"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 19 жовтня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Electron probe microanalysis EPMA"

1

Willich, Peter, and Kirsten Schiffmann. "Electron probe microanalysis of borophosphosilicate coatings." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (August 12, 1990): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100134739.

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Planarization and passivation of integrated circuits by use of borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) is of considerable technological interest. BPSG is prepared by chemical vapour deposition and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) offers the possibility of non-destructive characterization in respect of composition and film thickness. Particular difficulties of EPMA are due to the insulating character of BPSG in combination with the demand for analysis of ultra-light elements (B and O). However, EPMA of BPSG also demonstrates the accuracy of recent bulk and thin film data processing when based on refined experimental procedures.Carbon coating is required to carry out reproducible measurements on BPSG. The C-Kα intensity determined on various samples and mineral standards (Table 1) shows a wide variation of the carbon film thickness (10-40 nm), even when a set of samples was simultaneously coated. The film thickness of BPSG is in the range of 0.3-1.5 μm and consequently EPMA has to be performed at a low electron energy (Eo= 4-10 keV) to enable ‘bulk’ quantitative analysis without influence of the silicon substrate.
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2

Lakis, Rollin E., Charles E. Lyman, and Joseph I. Goldstein. "Electron-probe microanalysis of porous materials." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1660–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100132935.

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Conventional electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) requires solid, flat-polished specimens, and similarly prepared standards of known composition. Unfortunately, an increasing number of technologically important materials are particulate in nature and contain significant porosity. Supported heterogeneous catalysts are an important example. Many catalysts of industrial importance consist of a number of active metals and promoters dispersed in a porous (50% theoretical density, 200 m2/g surface area) ceramic support material. It is of great practical interest to determine the concentration and precise location of each component within the support material, but quantitative EPMA has typically been avoided because of the bulk porosity and surface roughness. In order to assess the effects which porosity and the accompanying surface roughness have upon quantitative EPMA, two types of model porous specimens were prepared; one an insulator (alpha alumina) and the other a conductor (silver). The alumina specimens (Figure l.)were prepared to between 57% theoretical density and full density by controlled sintering of 0.3 μm alumina powder.
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3

Merlet, C., X. Llovet, S. Segui, J. M. Fernández-Varea, and F. Salvat. "Ionization Cross Sections for Quantitative Electron Probe Microanalysis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 672–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600029433.

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Quantitative procedures in electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) require the knowledge of various atomic parameters, the most fundamental of which is the ionization cross section. A number of semi-empirical, approximate analytical formulas have been proposed to calculate the ionization cross section. The simplicity of these formulas makes them suitable for quantitative EPMA procedures. However, it is difficult to assess their reliability because of the lack of accurate experimental data. Indeed, inspection of currently available data reveals that they are still scarce for many elements and, when they are available, one usually finds significant discrepancies between data from different authors. Fortunately, the inaccuracies in the semi-empirical cross section formulas used in EPMA have only a small effect on the analytical results when standards are used. Nonetheless, in quantitative EPMA studies at low overvoltages or using standardless methods, the evaluated compositions largely depend on the adopted ionization cross sections and, therefore, knowledge of accurate ionization cross sections is a requisite for the development of improved quantification methods.
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4

Goresh, S. "Industrial Applications of Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, S2 (July 2011): 616–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611003953.

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5

Somlyo, A. P., and Avril V. Somlyo. "Electron Probe Analysis and Cell Physiology." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100117169.

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Electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPMA) of rapidly frozen tissues is a uniquely powerful method for dealing with a large class of general problems in cell physiology, as it is suitable for measuring, under direct vision, the elemental composition of cells and cell organelles. EPMA can reach a spatial resolution of at least 10nm, and its practically attainable sensitivity (for Ca) is 0.3mmol Ca/kg dry wt. Therefore, the composition of mitochondria and of other organelles, as small as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), can be quantitated with EPMA. The most extensive applications of EPMA to cell physiology have been in muscle physiology and epithelial transport (for reviews). In this discussion, we will illustrate the applications of EPMA by summarizing studies from our laboratory on striated and smooth muscle function. We shall also illustrate the use of EPMA to study the effects of drugs on organelles. The general applicability of EPMA to cell transport will be illustrated, somewhat arbitrarily, through EPMA studies of vertebrate photoreceptors. We are convinced that as experience is gained, largely with the specimen preparatory techniques required, EPMA will also find increasing applications to cell pathology, as illustrated by the recent demonstration of calcium compartmentalization in sickle red blood cells.
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Matthews, Mike B., Ben Buse, and Stuart L. Kearns. "Electron Probe Microanalysis Through Coated Oxidized Surfaces." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, no. 05 (July 16, 2019): 1112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927619014715.

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AbstractLow voltage electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of metals can be complicated by the presence of a surface oxide. If a conductive coating is applied, analysis becomes one of a three-layer structure. A method is presented which allows for the coating and oxide thicknesses and the substrate intensities to be determined. By restricting the range of coating and oxide thicknesses, tc and to respectively, x-ray intensities can be parameterized using a combination of linear functions of tc and to. tc can be determined from the coating element k-ratio independently of the oxide thickness. to can then be derived from the O k-ratio and tc. From tc and to the intensity components of the k-ratios from the oxide layer and substrate can each be derived. Modeled results are presented for an Ag on Bi2O3 on Bi system, with tc and to each ranging from 5 to 20 nm, for voltages of 5–20 kV. The method is tested against experimental measurements of Ag- or C-coated samples of polished Bi samples which have been allowed to naturally oxidize. Oxide thicknesses determined both before and after coating with Ag or C are consistent. Predicted Bi Mα k-ratios also show good agreement with EPMA-measured values.
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7

Ro, Chul-Un. "Quantitative energy-dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis of individual particles." Powder Diffraction 21, no. 2 (June 2006): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2204068.

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An electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) technique using an energy-dispersive X-ray detector with an ultrathin window, designated low-Z particle EPM, has been developed. The low-Z particle EPMA allows the quantitative determination of concentrations of low-Z elements, such as C, N, and O, as well as higher-Z elements that can be analyzed by conventional energy-dispersive EPMA. The quantitative determination of low-Z elements (using full Monte Carlo simulations, from the electron impact to the X-ray detection) in individual environmental particles has improved the applicability of single-particle analysis, especially in atmospheric environmental aerosol research; many environmentally important atmospheric particles, e.g. sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, and carbonaceous particles, contain low-Z elements. The low-Z particle EPMA was applied to characterize loess soil particle samples of which the chemical compositions are well defined by the use of various bulk analytical methods. Chemical compositions of the loess samples obtained from the low-Z particle EPMA turn out to be close to those from bulk analyses. In addition, it is demonstrated that the technique can also be used to assess the heterogeneity of individual particles.
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8

Somlyo, Avril V., and Andrew P. Somlyo. "Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of subcellular ion transport in situ." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100120485.

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Electron probe x ray microanalysis [EPMA] provides quantitative information within a single spectrum about elements of biological interest with atomic number of 11 or greater. Therefore, the transport of ions and their accompanying co and counter ions across organelle membranes can be studied in situ by sampling within and adjacent to the intracellular organelle of interest under resting and stimulated conditions.EPMA is based on the fact that the ionization of atoms by fast electrons generates x rays having energies characteristic of the excited atoms. The interaction of incident fast electrons with atomic nuclei generates a background of continuum x rays. Elemental quantitation of ultra thin sections with EPMA is generally based on the linear relationship between elemental concentrations and the ratio of the number of characteristic/continuum. The use of this principle, together with the appropriate standards for calibration, has been the most successful approach for quantitative biological EPMA. The spatial resolution of EPMA at present is better than 10 nm and the practical limit of sensitivity for detecting calcium, (albeit with high electron dose), is approximately 0.3 mmol/kg dry wt. Two modes of data collection are utilized: fixed probe analysis of a region of interest or a scanning probe mode, where an x ray spectrum is collected at each picture point, to obtain quantitative elemental x ray maps. To preserve the morphology and the in vivo distribution of diffusible elements, we prepare specimens by rapid freezing in sub cooled Freon or, more recently with a Lifecell CF100 metal are mirror device; thin sections cut at -130 °C to -160 °C on a Reichert cryoultramicrotome. Msec time resolution of physiological are events can be achieved by freeze trapping.
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9

Takahashi, Hideyuki, Toshiaki Suzuki, and Charles Nielsen. "Application Ofthinfilm Method to Electronic Probe Microanalysis (EPMA)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 686–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600029500.

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Usually, in electron probe microanalysis, the X-ray diffusion range is around lμm on the sample surface. For this reason, the maximum useful magnification of X-ray image seems to be limited to a few thousand times. The X-ray diffusion on the \im order takes place in the bulk sample. However, when a sample is cut to a thin film, it is likely that the X-ray diffusion range will be made smaller, and it is also possible to observe very a narrow area X-ray image at higher magnification. The thin film method is a sampling technique used often in transmission electron microscopy. The microtome method has been applied to organic materials, and the method using focus ion beam (FIB) has been applied to inorganic materials. Takahashi et al. have reported the effectiveness of the microtome application to EPMA of soft materials. in this report, the FIB method was applied to a sampling of inorganic materials in order to obtain high resolution X-ray images of real samples.
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10

Robertson, Vernon. "What Are the Advantages of a FE-EPMA or FE-SEM (Even When Not Analyzing Submicron Features at Low kV and High Beam Current)?" Microscopy Today 31, no. 6 (November 2023): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mictod/qaad080.

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Abstract Field emission electron probe microanalyzers (EPMA) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) have improved in both the hardware and software. They have become workhorse instruments for imaging secondary (SE) and backscattered (BSE) electrons. Recent advancements in technology provide qualitative quantitative analysis and X-ray maps at lower kVs and higher beam current without significantly enlarging the beam diameter. On EPMAs and SEMs with W and LaB6 electron guns, spatial resolution for microanalysis was ∼1 micron. Now, with field emission (FE) guns, resolution of 300 nm for quantitative analysis and mapping of elements well below 100 nm are possible. Software has also become more user-friendly and has advanced automation algorithms that allow the “non-expert” EPMA user to collect data. However, the best part of automation sits in the user’s chair. The new EPMAs and SEMs can collect very good data, but if they don’t answer the question that is being asked, they have no use.
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Дисертації з теми "Electron probe microanalysis EPMA"

1

CHO, Deung-Lyong, Mi-Jung JEEN, and Takenori KATO. "Validation of physical parameters in quantitative electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) Part I : mass attenuation coefficients." Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20540.

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CHO, Deung-Lyong, Mi-Jung JEEN, and Takenori KATO. "Validation of physical parameters in quantitative electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) Part II : mean ionization potential." Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20541.

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3

Suzuki, Kazuhiro, Takenori Kato, 和博 鈴木 та 丈典 加藤. "CHIMEの現状と稼働状況(2009年)". 名古屋大学年代測定資料研究センター, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14738.

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4

Schweizer, Pia. "Analyse et quantification du lithium par le développement d'un dispositif innovant de spectrométrie et microanalyse X." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS207.pdf.

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L'analyse quantitative du lithium est aujourd'hui possible, mais repose sur l'usage de techniques destructives. Une analyse quantitative locale non-destructive est encore difficile à mettre en œuvre par les méthodes spectroscopiques classiques de laboratoire. Cette thèse vise à développer un dispositif innovant de quantification du lithium par microsonde électronique. L'implémentation d'une multicouche périodique et de fenêtres de séparation ultra fines dans un spectromètre de la microsonde de Castaing a permis la spectrométrie dans la gamme des très faibles énergies de photons X et ainsi la mesure du lithium. Malgré les difficultés qui compliquent fortement l'analyse, principalement liées aux spécificités de l'instrumentation et aux divers phénomènes physiques tels que le faible rendement de fluorescence du lithium et la forte absorption des photons caractéristiques dans l'échantillon, des premiers résultats quantitatifs ont pu être obtenus pour différents matériaux avec des fractions massiques en lithium comprises entre 4 % et 9 %. Ces résultats conduisent à des limites de détection inférieures à un pourcent. Différentes approches de quantification basées sur une mesure avec des témoins réels et sur des simulations Monte Carlo pour créer des témoins virtuels ont été mises en place. De plus, la mesure expérimentale des coefficients d'atténuation des photons dans la gamme des très faibles énergies a permis d'apporter des précisions aux bases de données existantes pour différents éléments, contribuant ainsi à l'amélioration de la précision des résultats. Malgré les défis persistants, ces travaux ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles avancées dans la quantification du lithium par microsonde électronique et constituent une première étape importante pour un futur développement de cette technique
Quantitative analysis of lithium is feasible today, but relies on the use of destructive techniques. Local non-destructive quantitative analysis remains challenging using traditional laboratory spectroscopic methods. The aim of this thesis is to develop an innovative device for lithium quantification using electron probe microanalysis. By implementing a periodic multilayer and ultra-thin separation windows into the spectrometer of a Castaing microprobe, spectroscopy in the extreme low photon energy range, including Li K measurement was possible. Despite the significant analytical challenges, mainly linked to the specificities of the instrumentation and to various physical phenomena such as low lithium fluorescence yield and strong absorption of the characteristic photons in the sample, quantitative results were obtained for different materials with lithium mass fractions ranging from 4 % to 9 % and detection limits lower than one percent. Two different quantification approaches based on measurement with real standards and Monte Carlo simulations to create virtual standards were employed. In addition, experimental measurement of photon attenuation coefficients in the ultra-soft X-ray range provided precision to existing databases for different elements, helping to improve the accuracy of results. Despite persistent challenges, this work paves the way for further advances in lithium quantification by electron probe microanalysis and represents an important first step towards future development of this technique
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5

Langlois, Jean. "The electron probe x-ray microanalysis of the adult mammalian cardiac muscle." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6568.

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The main objective of this project was to master the electron probe x-ray microanalysis technique to permit one to obtain physiologically meaningful quantitative elemental profiles (Na, Cl, K, P, Mg, Ca & S) for the components of a given cell. The techniques which had to be mastered were: preparation of mammalian (rat) cardiac muscle; 'rapid' cryofixation using a Reichert-Jung MM80E 'impact freezer'; cryosectioning using a Reichert-Jung FC4 cryoultramicrotome; transfer and freeze-drying; electron probe x-rays collection using the EDAX 9100 Series Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis Systems attached to a Philips TEM 420; quantitative analysis using the Hall equation and thin membrane aminoplastic standards. Different methods of transfer and freeze-drying were compared. Method I-a. Cryotransfer to the electron microscope using a modified Philips Cryotransfer system, freeze-drying in the column of the electron microscope, x-rays collection at low temperature; Method I-b. Cryotransfer to the electron microscope using a modified Philips Cryotransfer system, freeze-drying in the column of the electron microscope, x-rays collection at ambient temperature; Method II. Cryotransfer to a vacuum chamber (Edward-Coating System E306 A) using a precooled metal carrier, freeze-drying in a vacuum chamber while warming at ambient temperature, transfer and x-rays collection at ambient temperature. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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6

Wroblewski, Joanna. "Studies on chondrocyte differentiation in vivo and in vitro." Stockholm : Kongl Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15730803.html.

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7

Suzuki, Kazuhiro, Takenori Kato, 和博 鈴木 та 丈典 加藤. "CHIMEの現状と稼働状況 (2011年)". 名古屋大学年代測定資料研究センター, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18144.

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8

Suzuki, Kazuhiro, Takenori Kato, 和博 鈴木 та 丈典 加藤. "CHIMEの現状と稼働状況 (2010年)". 名古屋大学年代測定資料研究センター, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16512.

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9

Pinard, Philippe T. Verfasser], Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] [Mayer, Jochen M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider, and Raynald [Akademischer Betreuer] Gauvin. "Electron probe microanalysis of carbon containing steels at a high spatial resolution / Philippe T. Pinard ; Joachim Mayer, Jochen Michael Schneider, Raynald Gauvin." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156786452/34.

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Pinard, Philippe [Verfasser], Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Mayer, Jochen M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider, and Raynald [Akademischer Betreuer] Gauvin. "Electron probe microanalysis of carbon containing steels at a high spatial resolution / Philippe T. Pinard ; Joachim Mayer, Jochen Michael Schneider, Raynald Gauvin." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156786452/34.

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Книги з теми "Electron probe microanalysis EPMA"

1

Zierold, Karl, and Herbert K. Hagler, eds. Electron Probe Microanalysis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74477-8.

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2

Scott, V. D. Quantitative electron-probe microanalysis. 2nd ed. New York: Ellis Horwood, 1995.

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3

Conference on "Progress of Electron Probe Microanalysis in Biology and Medicine" (1988 Schloss Ringberg). Electron probe microanalysis: Applications in biology and medicine. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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4

Zierold, Karl. Electron Probe Microanalysis: Applications in Biology and Medicine. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989.

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5

E, Newbury Dale, ed. Advanced scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. New York: Plenum Press, 1986.

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6

Conference, Microbeam Analysis Society. Microbeam analysis 1995: Proceedings of the 29th annual conference of the Microbeam Analysis Society, Breckenridge, Colorado, August 6-11, 1995. New York, N.Y: VCH Publishers, 1995.

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7

A, Konnert Judith, Wolpert Patrick J, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. JEOL 8900 Superprobe user's manual. [Menlo Park, Calif.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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8

Alekseev, B. V. Zondovyĭ metod diagnostiki plazmy. Moskva: Ėnergoatomizdat, 1988.

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9

Morgan, A. John. X-ray microanalysis in electron microscopy for biologists. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press Oxford [Oxfordshire], 1985.

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10

Wroblewski, Joanna. Studies on chondrocyte differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Stockholm: Kongl Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1987.

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Частини книг з теми "Electron probe microanalysis EPMA"

1

Kearns, Stuart. "Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA)." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_251-1.

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2

Kearns, Stuart. "Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA)." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 439–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_251.

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3

Wilson, Clare A. "Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (SEM-EPMA) Techniques." In Archaeological Soil and Sediment Micromorphology, 451–59. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118941065.ch43.

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4

Roos, Norbert. "Specimen Preparation and Other Limitations in Quantitative Eletron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis (EPXMA) Using Ultrathin Sections." In Electron Probe Microanalysis, 17–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74477-8_2.

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5

Sakamae, Hiroshi. "Electron Probe Microanalysis." In Compendium of Surface and Interface Analysis, 139–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6156-1_24.

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Potts, P. J. "Electron probe microanalysis." In A Handbook of Silicate Rock Analysis, 326–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-3988-3_10.

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Reed, Stephen J. B. "Electron probe microanalysis." In Microprobe Techniques in the Earth Sciences, 49–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2053-5_2.

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Potts, P. J. "Electron probe microanalysis." In A Handbook of Silicate Rock Analysis, 326–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3270-5_10.

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Hall, T. A. "The History of Electron Probe Microanalysis in Biology." In Electron Probe Microanalysis, 1–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74477-8_1.

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Joy, D. C., C. S. Joy, and D. A. Armstrong. "Resin Based Standards for Biological Energy Dispersive X-Ray and Electron Energy Loss Microanalysis." In Electron Probe Microanalysis, 127–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74477-8_10.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Electron probe microanalysis EPMA"

1

"Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) of Complex Niobium Silicide Alloys." In Microscience Microscopy Congress 2023 incorporating EMAG 2023. Royal Microscopical Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.mmc2023.287.

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Bobzin, K., T. Schläfer, T. Warda, and C. Schulz. "Thermal Spraying of Advanced Zinc Alloys as an Addition to Hot-Dip Galvanizing." In ITSC2011, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and A. McDonald. DVS Media GmbH, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2011p0840.

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Abstract Zinc coatings are widely adopted for cathodic corrosion protection. Mostly the process of choice is hot-dip galvanizing but due to limitations regarding component size and composition of the galvanizing bath it is not always practicable. In the present paper zinc coatings alloyed with Al, Sn, Mg and Cr are applied by twin wire arc spraying to enhance the corrosion protection ability of zinc thermal sprayed coatings. The alloys were characterized and investigated using salt spray test and by means of electrochemical corrosion. Corrosion damage and products were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA).
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Bang, J., and I.-H. Jung. "Phase diagram study and thermodynamic modelling of the CaO-TiO2-CaF2 system." In 12th International Conference of Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts (MOLTEN 2024) Proceedings, 313–20. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62053/bpzs8985.

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Ti is an important constituent for steels and superalloys. During the continuous casting process and ElectroSlag Remelting process (ESR), Ti in molten steel and superalloy can have chemical reactions with casting flux and ESR slag containing CaO and CaF2. In order to investigate such exchange reactions, the understanding of the (Ca,Ti//O,F) reciprocal slag system is prerequisite. In the present study, a coupled phase diagram experiment and thermodynamic modelling of the (Ca,Ti//O,F) reciprocal system was performed. In particular, the phase diagram of the CaF2-TiO2 system was experimentally investigated by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) experiment and quenching experiments followed by Electron Probe MicroAnalysis (EPMA) phase analysis. The Gibbs energy functions of all solid and liquid phases in the (Ca,Ti//O,F) reciprocal system were optimised to reproduce the present data and all available reliable experimental data in literature.
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Wu, C. Q., K. S. Zhou, C. G. Deng, and C. M. Deng. "HVAF Sprayed Composite Coating with Ni-base Self-Fluxing Alloy and WC on a Copper Substrate." In ITSC2006, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima, and J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0689.

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Abstract In order to improve the wear resistance and service life of the copper, the composite coating consisting of a Ni-base self-fluxing alloy (NiCrWB+50%Al2O3) and WC (WC-12%Co) alloy were sprayed on a copper substrate using High Velocity Air Fuel(HVAF). The coating could meet the operating requirements including high hardness, good wear resistance and low cost. The Ni-base composite coating was analyzed by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that the structure of coating was composed of melted particles and partly unmelted round particles of Ni-base alloy, and WC particle. Only a small proportion of the Al2O3 particles were retained in the coating. The phases in the coating consisted of γ-Ni, WC and a little Ni3B. Amorphous structures appeared and some Al2O3 phase existed. The adhesion strength between coating and copper substrate was more than 50MPa. Wear results showed that the Ni-base composite coating exhibited better wear resistance than the coating with no WC particles.
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Li, Haoxiang, Bin Du, Wei Zheng, Qiuhao Wang, Huaqiang Yin, Xuedong He, Hua Fan, and Tao Ma. "Corrosion Behavior of Superalloys in High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor in Impure Helium With Corrosion Time." In 2021 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone28-64351.

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Abstract There are trace impurities such as CO, CH4, H2, H2O in helium of main cooling loop of high temperature gas cooled reactor, which will cause corrosion of superalloy materials used in steam generator and intermediate heat exchanger at high temperature. Previous experiments and literatures show that the formation of chromium rich protective oxide layer on the surface of superalloy is an important factor to prevent severe corrosion of superalloy. In this paper, the corrosion tests of four candidate materials Inconel 617, Incoloy 800H, Hastelloy X and T-22 for high temperature reactor steam generator were carried out. The four superalloys were exposed at 950 °C for 50, 100, 150 and 200 hours in helium with a certain impurity content. The corrosion results were analyzed by weighing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The corrosion of these four alloys occurred in different degrees. In this paper, we mainly analyse the conclusion of 50h and 200h corrosion of these four kinds of superalloys. On the whole, Hastelloy X and T-22 have good corrosion resistance and low mass gain; Inconel 617 and Incoloy 800H have poor corrosion resistance, obvious internal oxidation and high mass gain.
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Ling, X., E. Moosavi-Khoonsari, and M. Barati. "Phase equilibrium study in the sodium metasilicate primary phase field of PbO-Na2O-SiO2 system between 800 and 1000°C." In 12th International Conference of Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts (MOLTEN 2024) Proceedings, 471–76. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62053/fovh3002.

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In the pyrometallurgical process of secondary lead recycling, a desulfurising agent, such as Na2CO3 is added to minimise the emissions of sulfur into the atmosphere, while silica is introduced into the smelter as a fluxing material. Subsequently, a significant amount of Na2O and SiO2 remains in the downstream reverberatory furnace and blast furnace slags. However, there is limited understanding of the thermodynamic behaviour of silicate-based lead slags rich in Na2O, posing challenges in accurately determining the optimal condition for targeted metal recovery and final slag composition. In this work, the equilibrium phase relations of the PbO-Na2O-SiO2 system in the primary phase field of Na2SiO3 are studied from 800 to 1000°C via equilibration-quenching method. Samples with different compositions were prepared and held in platinum capsules in air at these temperatures to reach equilibrium. The equilibrated samples were subsequently quenched and the phase compositions were measured by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results were then compared to those of previous studies and any discrepancies were resolved.
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Chatterjee, Madhu S., and Roxana Ruxanda. "Specifying Nitriding Process Requirements." In HT 2015. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2015p0167.

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Abstract Discovering microstructural features of white layer in a nitrided part has appealed to many scientists and researchers. A slight change in microscopic properties can bring a huge difference in their macro-scale behavior. A thorough knowledge of the compound (the white layer) and of the diffusion zone will enable materials scientists to monitor the grain size (the phases within the material), which alter the macro-scale toughness and strength and finally the amount of porosity. Unlike carburizing, which is a more matured technology, nitriding specifications are genetically stated as surface hardness and hardness at depths. No constituents or type and percent of compounds are mentioned. This paper will attempt to address methodologies used to identify different constituents of both the compound and the diffusion layers of a nitrided part. Three different materials have been heat treated for this study. Three different methods of investigation were used: optical microscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). This is the beginning of a series of investigations which are underway. In this article, information already known will be the starting point. In future articles, more in depth investigation of the white layer and of the diffusion zone will be shown.
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Avarmaa, K., A. Putera, J. Chen, G. Brooks, and M. A. Rhamdhani. "Distribution behaviour of B and P in Si-slag system at 1500°C." In 12th International Conference of Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts (MOLTEN 2024) Proceedings, 301–11. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62053/yssb9404.

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Silicon-based photovoltaic cells are currently the most dominant types applied to convert solar energy to electricity. In solar-grade silicon (SG-Si), the control of boron (B) and phosphorus (P) is very critical. Generally, these elements are difficult to remove into acceptable sub-ppm levels from lower grade Si. This study investigates slag treatment as a process for Si refining, focusing on the behaviour of P and B. The experiments were conducted by equilibrating Si-B-P alloys with 43 wt per cent SiO2 – 47 wt per cent CaO – 10 wt per cent Al2O3 slag under inert atmosphere at 1500°C. Different crucible materials were used (Al2O3, SiO2 and MgO), which determined the primary saturation phase for the system and modified the final slag composition accordingly. The samples were equilibrated and analysed with microanalysis techniques (EPMA (electron probe microanalysis) and LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry)). New standards were prepared and applied in the LA-ICP-MS analyses. Experimental results show that silver is essentially fully dissolved in silicon, as well as most phosphorus with LP ( = wt per cent P in slag/wt per cent P in Si) between 0.1–0.3. The distribution coefficient of boron was measured to be between 1 and 2. The crucible material used had an influence on the phase compositions and slight influence on the distribution coefficients of boron and phosphorus. The experimental results provided new accurate data when considering applicability of slag treatment as a technique for Si refining and Si PV cell recycling.
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Sineva, S., M. Shevchenko, D. Shishin, and E. Jak. "Experimental and thermodynamic study of the phase equilibria in the NiO-CaO-FeO-Fe2O3 system in air and in equilibrium with metal (Fe-Ni) alloy." In 12th International Conference of Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts (MOLTEN 2024) Proceedings, 559–67. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62053/ojql4468.

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This study represents a part of comprehensive research aimed at integrating nickel into a thermodynamic database constantly developed at Pyrosearch. The behaviour of Ni in calcium-ferrite slags is considered. An integrated approach combining experimental and thermodynamic modelling methods has been employed to predict phase equilibria in the NiO-CaO-FeO-Fe2O3 system under oxidising conditions and in equilibrium with the metal FeNi phase. The compositions of liquid slags and coexisting solid solutions have been determined through the analysis of equilibrated and quenched samples by electron probe microanalysis technique (EPMA). The research results are presented in the form of liquidus projections on the corresponding phase diagrams, considering both oxidising and reducing conditions. The solubility of Ni in spinel, dicalcium ferrite and calcium oxide as well as solubility of Fe and Ca in Ni monoxide, have been examined under several atmospheric conditions. Additionally, the compositions of the NiO-FeO monoxide in equilibrium with metal phase have been studied. The experimental data not only support the outcomes of thermodynamic modelling but also validate the parameters of the applied thermodynamic models, thus confirming the reliability and accuracy of the integrated approach.
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Descurninges, L. L., L. T. Mingault, M. Jeandin, A. Nifa, L. Berthe, M. Boustie, T. Laguionie, L. Bianchi, and K. Ogawa. "Influence of Powder Particle Oxidation on Properties of Cold-Sprayed Tantalum." In ITSC2011, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and A. McDonald. DVS Media GmbH, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2011p0060.

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Abstract The adhesion mechanisms involved in the cold spray coatings are not still well elucidated. The quality of the deposit does depend mainly on particles and dynamic characteristics (which result from nozzle type, nozzle-substrate distance, etc.). The present work is based on the study of particle-substrate and particle-particle interfaces in the tantalum-copper coating-substrate system. The content focuses on the influence of the oxygen content in the starting powder on interface features, consequently on coating properties. Tantalum powders with different oxygen levels were studied using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EPMA (Electron Probe Microanalysis). Laser shock spallation of cold-sprayed Ta coatings was developed as a reliable and flexible process to achieve Ta spalls to be deposited at a high-velocity onto Cu targets. The velocity due to the laser shock could be controlled to be similar to that of particles in conventional cold spray. This results in Ta-Cu interfaces, the study of which was carried out to go into interface phenomena involved in cold spray, using TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) in particular. Results were compared to those obtained from laser shock spallation of Ta bulk specimens (i.e. made of a conventional Ta sheet). The role of powder oxidation on interface soundness was exhibited. Adhesion was shown to be all the lower as powder oxygen content was higher, using LASAT (“ Laser Shock Adhesion Test”) in addition to direct observation of interfaces. Results were exploited to discuss properties of the corresponding Ta coatings onto Cu, i.e. which were cold sprayed using powders with different oxygen contents.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Electron probe microanalysis EPMA"

1

Benn, D., R. Linnen, and T. Martins. Evaluating white mica as an indicator mineral for lithium bearing pegmatites, Wekusko Lake pegmatite field, Manitoba, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328982.

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Анотація:
This project investigates the potential use of white micas as an indicator mineral within Li-bearing pegmatites and the potential of field portable techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) as real-time techniques in exploration. The pegmatites in the Wekusko Lake field, Manitoba, Canada, display five zones of varying mineralization. White micas display two textures in the field (primary igneous and secondary) and four textures were identified by backscattered electron imaging (poor zonation, rimmed, patchy and exsolution). The white micas were analysed by Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA) and Laser Ablation Induction-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) and the results show a strong correlation in the Li content of the white mica and the whole rock Li2O obtained from the assays of drill core. The K/Rb vs. Cs contents of the white mica indicate that the most prospective dikes contain moderate to highly evolved grains. The use of portable Raman Spectrometer, while useful for mineral identification, was not able to detect a significant Li signature at the concentrations tested (1500-6000 ppm).
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