Готові списки джерел за темами / Electric technologie

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Electric technologie"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Electric technologie"

1

Bouhaki, L., R. Saadani, R. Agounoun, K. Sbai, and M. Rahmoune. "Experimental study and modeling of three grid-connected photovoltaic technologies of Meknes City." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i1.pp390-396.

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Анотація:
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most promising renewable energy source in Morocco due to its abundant solar irradiation. The Moroccan government has launched various renewable energy programs to encourage the use of PV systems. In this work we present a comparative study in terms of energy produced and the efficiency of a grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system installed on the roof of the building occupied by the “Ecole Supérieure de Technologie de Meknes” (ESTM). The on-grid connected photovoltaic system has a total power of 5860 Watts (Wp). This system provides an average daily reduction of 30 kWh in the consumption of electrical energy at ESTM facilities; this will allow us to save fossil fuels and reduce emissions of greenhouse gas. The average annual production of electric power is estimated at 10.5 MWh, equivalent to burning 0.9 tons of oil, which will prevent the emission of about 2 tons / year of CO2 in the atmosphere. Three different commercial solar modules, manufactured with different materials and technologies in monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon were tested.
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2

Halwas, M., J. Hofmann, J. Fleischer, C. Riehm, C. Spieker, M. Fister, G. Stoehr, A. Wist, F. Sell-Le Blanc, and L. Weiße. "Entwicklung eines parallelen Technologie- und Produktentwicklungsprozesses/Development of a parallel technology and product development process using the example of winding design and manufacture as a part of the NeWwire funded project." wt Werkstattstechnik online 108, no. 05 (2018): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2018-05-27.

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Анотація:
In dem folgenden Artikel wird die parallele Technologie- und Produktentwicklung am Beispiel der Wicklungsauslegung und -fertigung beschrieben. Diese findet im Rahmen des Förderprojektes NeWwire (Neuartige serienflexible Wickelverfahren für die wirtschaftliche automatisierte Fertigung von hoch performanten elektrischen Maschinen) statt. Ziel des Forschungsprojekts NeWwire ist die Entwicklung sowie Auslegung eines neuartigen Wickelverfahrens zur automatisierten Fertigung von Elektromotoren im Hochleistungsbereich für den automobilen Einsatz. Hierbei stellt die effektive Wicklung im Stator zur Leistungssteigerung eine besondere Herausforderung dar.   The following article describes the parallel technology and product development using the example of winding design and manufacture. This takes place as part of the NeWwire funded project („New series-flexible winding processes for the economic, automated production of high-performance electrical machines“). The goal of the research project NeWwire is the development and design of a new winding process for the automated production of electric motors in the high-performance area for automotive use. In this field the effective winding in the stator in order to increase the performance is a specific challenge.
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3

Schwaeppe, Henrik, Luis Böttcher, Klemens Schumann, Lukas Hein, Philipp Hälsig, Simon Thams, Paula Baquero Lozano, and Albert Moser. "Analyzing Intersectoral Benefits of District Heating in an Integrated Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning Model." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 22, 2022): 2314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072314.

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Анотація:
In the field of sector integration, the expansion of district heating (DH) is traditionally discussed with regard to the efficient integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and excess heat. But does DH exclusively benefit from other sectors or does it offer advantages in return? So far, studies have investigated DH only as a closed system or determined intersectoral benefits in a highly aggregated approach. We use and expand an integrated generation and transmission expansion planning model to analyze how the flexibility of DH benefits the energy system and the power transmission grid in particular. First of all, the results confirm former investigations that show DH can be used for efficient RES integration. Total annual system cost can be decreased by expanding DH, due to low investment cost and added flexibility, especially from large-scale heat storage. The high short-term efficiency of heat storage—in combination with electric heating technologie —can be exploited to shift heat demand temporally and, using multiple distributed units, locally to solve electric grid congestion. Although it is unclear whether these results can be replicated in the real world, due to the aggregation and detail of the model, further research in this direction is justified.
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4

POPESCU, Aurelia-Paulina. "INPUT PROCES ANALYSIS FOR TESTING CAR ENGINES." ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF ROMANIAN SCIENTISTS Series on ENGINEERING SCIENCES 14, no. 2 (2022): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarscieng.2022.2.83.

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Анотація:
The topic covered in this paper is a study conducted in the automotive testing department of Renault Technologie Roumanie.The contains of this study is: an analysis of the testing process from receiving a test request to the generation of results and sending them for interpretation to the customer, the analysis of the types of mechanical engine tests performed at Renault Romania and the economical analysis of implementing a hybrid engine test bench, the first of its kind in Romania, with project analysis and SWOT analysis. What is being pursued by this process is the correct delimitation of the test stages, the succession and the way to become competitive on a market with tradition and which offers opportunities for progressive development along the evolution of vehicles towards hybrid and full-electric.
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5

Schäfer, Jens, Hannes Wilhelm Weinmann, Dominik Mayer, Tobias Storz, Janna Hofmann, and Jürgen Fleischer. "Synergien zwischen Batterie- und Brennstoffzellen/Synergies between battery and fuel cells - Evaluation based on structural and machine parameters in production processes." wt Werkstattstechnik online 110, no. 10 (2020): 735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-10-91.

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Анотація:
Nach Ankündigung diverser batterieelektrischer Modelle wird auch die PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane)-Brennstoffzelle als mögliche Zukunftstechnologie im Last- und Linienverkehr diskutiert. Ob und wann sich eine Technologie durchsetzt, hängt von der verwendeten Produktionstechnik ab, denn diese bestimmt Stückzahlen und resultierende Kosten. Die Vergangenheit zeigt, dass sich produzierende Industrien oft entlang vorhandener Kompetenzen in etablierten Bereichen entwickelt haben. In diesem Beitrag sollen daher Synergiepotenziale zwischen der Batterie- und Brennstoffzellenfertigung diskutiert werden.   Following the announcement of various battery electric models, PEM fuel cells are also discussed as a future technology in truck and line traffic. Whether and when a technology will be generally accepted depends largely on the production technology used, as this determines the number of units and the resulting costs. The past has shown that manufacturing industries have often developed along existing competencies in established areas. This article will therefore discuss the potential synergies between battery and fuel cell production.
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6

Yo‘Lchiyev, Mash’albek E. "CONTENTS, PROBLEMS AND DIDACTICAL BASIS OF TEACHING THE SUBJECT "ELECTRIC NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS" IN THE ELECTRONIC EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-04-65.

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Анотація:
The maximum effectiveness of the process of preparation for the e-learning environment can be achieved only through the coordinated development of psychological, technical, technological, information, legal, methodological and other components of the process. The introduction of modern information and communication technologies into the educational process has led to the creation of a new form of teaching - distance learning - in addition to traditional teaching methods.
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7

CAVALI, F. V., and T. M. SOUZA. "ESTUDO SOBRE TECNOLOGIAS EM VEÍCULOS ELÉTRICOS: UM REVIEW." Revista SODEBRAS 15, no. 169 (January 2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29367/issn.1809-3957.15.2020.169.155.

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8

Wang, Jian Gen, Ya Hui Liu, Li Rong Sun, Fei Cheng, and Ning Wang. "Impact of Different Chemical Materials and Technologies on Leather Conductivity." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 3040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.3040.

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The paper researches the processing for leather by utilizing different kinds of tanning materials, retanning and leather fatliquoring, and analyses the effect of leather electroconductibility influenced by water ratio in it and pressure added on the leather. The study illustrates: the greater electric conduction function of tanning materials or amount of polar radical they containing, the better conductivity the leather has. There is a compact relationship between the electric charge of different chemical material which were added in leather and electric conduction function, and the electrical conductivity of leather can be improved obviously by increasing the electric charge and water ratio the leather has.
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9

Naumov, Igor, Sergey Podyachikh, Marina Polkovskaya, and Aleksandr Tretyakov. "Green technologies use in the smart grid construction in rural power supply systems." BIO Web of Conferences 42 (2022): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224203006.

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Анотація:
The article considers the using intelligent controls possibility in low-voltage rural electric networks to minimize the unbalance modes consequences. The proposed technology includes the digital data transmission compilation on the electrical energy parameters with a new balancing technical means the electrical network operating mode. Digital feedback is provided for changes the balancing device (BD) parameters by the unbalancing power consumption changing level. Based on the developed methods compilation, software for calculating unbalancing modes has been created, which makes it possible to assess the currents and voltages unbalancing effect on the power quality and its additional losses change. The “green” technology proposed version, which increases the economic and the electric energy environmental safety use in the rural electric power industry, contains a new constructive solution for the balancing device implementation. The proposed technology was tested on the measurement data basis in existing electrical networks. Based on the MALAB technologies use, changes studied indicators visualization in the before and after BD integration in the electrical network was carried out and its analysis was makes. Used on the “neural networks” MALAB technology, a preventive assessment of the unbalancing power consumption events development in the investigated operating electrical network is presented, as well as the proposed technology effectiveness assessment was carried out.
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10

Srebrov, Bozhidar. "Application of local electric spark deposition technology." Journal scientific and applied research 1, no. 1 (March 3, 2012): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v1i1.17.

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Анотація:
Local electric spark deposition technology in the paper is presented. The scheme of the method and his optimization is examined. The applications of this technology by means ELFA machines are described.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Electric technologie"

1

Svoboda, Jiří. "Nekonvenční technologie elektroerozivního drátového řezání." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229332.

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This thesis deals with technology of electric discharge machining with emphasis on application of the principle of material removal on wire cut electric discharge machine. The main part is concentrated on wire cut electric discharge machining in terms of a small tool making shop. The goal of the thesis is to create a wire cut electric discharge machining workplace in the company with a focus on the production of cutting tools. The thesis defines requirements for each component of cutting tools and strategies for their machining. Machining of model part and subsequent technical - economic evaluation is included in the final part.
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2

Kalous, Ondřej. "Racionalizace technologie výroby forem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231505.

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Анотація:
The diploma thesis Rationalization technology of production tools is divided into two parts. The first part is focused on injection molding of plastic materials and analysis current status of production injection tools. The second part contains proposal of rationalization steps in the production process and evaluation of rationalization.
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3

Tollrian, Zdeněk. "Technologie opracování středicích nákružků a patek elektromotoru v systému řízení výroby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230297.

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The current processing of electric motor feet and centering collars has been focusing on two main production methods. The production transfer from Germany allowed the introduction of a new enhanced technology. Cutting conditions values, cutting process operating forces , tool life criteria for a maximum productivity and a minimum costs were calculated. Control measurements of the required collar and stator pack concentricity provided the necessary feedback.
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4

Duhaime, Eric. "Capital et inventivité : de l'intellect général à General Electric." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC004/document.

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Cette thèse vise à éclairer le rôle économique de la science et de la technologie dans le cadre du capitalisme. À cette fin, elle s’enracine d’abord dans une discussion des thèses développées à ce sujet par Karl Marx à l’égard du capitalisme industriel qu’il avait sous les yeux. En tenant compte de la transition du capitalisme industriel au capitalisme avancé, elle s’intéresse ensuite au rôle que joue la production scientifique et technologique dans le contexte spécifique du capitalisme avancé. Prenant le contrepied de la théorie de l’« économie immatérielle » développée par Michael Hardt et Antonio Negri, l’objectif de cette thèse est double. Elle vise, d’une part, à mettre au jour et reconstruire la façon dont Marx problématise le rapport de la science et de la technologie à la dynamique économique de son époque et, de l’autre, à éclairer les modalités et les enjeux liés à l’intégration de la production scientifique et technologique au sein de la dynamique économique contemporaine
This dissertation aims to clarify the economic role of science and technology within capitalism. To this end, it is first rooted in a discussion of the ideas elaborated by Karl Marx on this topic in respect with the industrial capitalism that was unfolding before him. Taking into account the transition from industrial to advanced capitalism, this dissertation then seeks to question the economic role of scientific and technological production into the specific context of advanced capitalism. Supporting an opposing view to the theory of “immaterial economy”, as developed by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, this dissertation has a twofold objective. On the one hand, it aims to uncover and reconstruct the way Marx problematizes the relationship of science and technology to the economical dynamics of his time and, on the other hand, to clarify the issues relating to the integration of scientific and technological production into contemporary economical dynamics
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5

Bartoš, Pavel. "Elektroerozivní drátové řezání." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229873.

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Анотація:
This work deals with analysis of EDM wire cutting technology and aims to assess the current situation and the real possibilities of EDM wire cutting usage in a small engineering company. Furthermore, it addresses manufacturing technology of a model component and the subsequent economic evaluation.
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6

Janás, Milan. "Volba vhodné technologie pro výrobu svařované konstrukce elektrokotle JE 12 a JE 6." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-317189.

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Анотація:
The diploma thesis on the selection of appropriate technology to produce the welded construction of electric boiler JE6 / 12 aims to evaluate available production technologies and choose the most suitable of them. Choosing the technologies focuses primarily on those that are available at Slokov. Due to the connection of the welding robot to the production, it is necessary to consider the overall connection of the production and the high accuracy of the production. The individual methods of production, material separation, welding, bending and surface treatment are first theoretically analyzed and their advantages, disadvantages and parameters are summarized. Subsequently, it is practically tested individual technologies for a representative part and it evaluates the achieved parameters and economics of production. With the results obtained, the most suitable technologies are selected. With the selection of technologies, there is a need for a change in design and production parameters. Changes and modifications to the design describe another point. To achieve maximum efficiency and quality of production, a welding robot is used to make welds. The description of the production, modifications and overall design of the robot describes the next point of this work. The last part summarizes the economics of selected production technologies and details the technological process. The aim of the thesis is to design such technologies that will be advantageous from the point of view of the economy and from the perspective of the available possibilities of the company.
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7

Liu, Xiaojun. "Hygiénisation par technologie électrique de déchets alimentaires en vue de leur méthanisation." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS602.

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Анотація:
La législation (CE n°1069/2009) impose une étape d'hygiénisation (traitement thermique à température ≥ 70 °C pendant une durée ≥ 60 min sans interruption) avant méthanisation des sous- produits animaux. Ce traitement, consommateur d’énergie, réduit la rentabilité globale des installations de méthanisation. L’étude bibliographique montre que, en Europe, la consommation énergétique du procédé d’hygiénisation thermique représente 6 à 25% de l’énergie primaire générée par les unités de production de biogaz. Dans le cadre des travaux de thèse présentés, des solutions alternatives d’abattement microbien, notamment les électro-technologies (ex. Champs Électriques Pulsés, CEP) ont été étudiées. Ces technologies sont essentiellement développées pour l’inactivation athermique des micro-organismes des denrées alimentaires. Les souches Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 et Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 ont été sélectionnées comme bactéries indicatrices. Une étude des cinétiques d'inactivation des indicateurs à différents paramètres électriques dans les procédés en batch et en continu a été réalisée. L’évaluation de l’efficacité du couplage des CEP et d’un chauffage ohmique, l'effet de la quantité d’énergie utilisée pour le traitement par CEP, la régénération cellulaire des bactéries endommagées et la modélisation cinétique et numérique du procédé sont également abordés. Les résultats obtenus confirment la capacité des CEP à hygiéniser les sous-produits animaux (i.e. une réduction de 5- log10 d’Ent. faecalis) dans les systèmes en batch et en continu. Ainsi, le couplage du traitement par CEP et du chauffage ohmique peut significativement réduire la consommation énergétique du procédé
The European Union regulation (CE n°1069/2009) imposes a step of hygienization (thermal treatment at temperature ≥ 70 °C for a treatment time ≥ 60 min without interruption) before anaerobic digestion of certain biowaste issued from the agricultural and food processing industries. This energy-consuming treatment reduces the profitability of biogas production facilities. The literature review shows that, in Europe, the energy consumption of the thermal hygienization process accounts for around 6 to 25% of the primary energy produced by biogas plants. In the present PhD thesis, the alternative solutions for the microbial pasteurization, namely the electro- technologies (e.g. pulsed electric field, PEF) were studied. These technologies are essentially developed for the athermal inactivation of pathogens in food products. The bacterial strains Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were selected as indicator bacteria. A systematical study on the inactivation kinetics of the indicator bacteria treated at different electric parameters in batch and continuous system was realized. The efficiency of the treatment coupling PEF and ohmic heating, the effect of the specific energy delivered by PEF, the recovery of the injured bacteria and the kinetic and numeric modeling of the process were investigated as well. Results confirm the ability of PEF to hygienize animal by- products (i.e. a reduction of 5 log10 of Ent. faecalis) in batch and continuous system. The PEF treatment coupled with ohmic heating could significantly reduce the energy consumption of the process
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8

Larhzaoui, Thomas. "Fiabilisation de la technologie courant porteur en ligne en vue de piloter des actionneurs d’aéronefs." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAR0009/document.

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Dans le cadre de l’avion plus électrique, les avionneurs cherchent à remplacer les commandes de vol hydrauliques par des commandes de vol électriques, avec pour intérêt de diminuer le poids, et d’améliorer la flexibilité des équipements aéronautiques. Sachant que sur un A380, la distance cumulée pour les câbles peut atteindre plus de 500 km, la solution consistant à faire cohabiter les transmissions de données et de puissances au sein de mêmes câbles grâce à la technologie CPL pourrait contribuer à réduire la masse de câble dans un avion. Cependant les câbles de puissance n’ont pas été dimensionnés pour transmettre un signal informationnel, et les équipements présents sur le réseau sont source de bruits. Dans ce contexte nous souhaitons montrer la faisabilité d’une transmission CPL soumise aux contraintes avioniques tout en respectant les normes aéronautiques. La première partie des travaux a consisté à mesurer le canal de propagation sur un banc de test représentatif d’un environnement aéronautique. Le canal de propagation est composé de deux coupleurs de type inductif ou capacitif dont le but est de connecter les câbles de télécommunication au réseau de puissance et d’une paire bifilaire torsadée de puissance d’une longueur de 32 m représentative d’un réseau HVDC ±270 V. Nous avons alors testé trois architectures différentes : l’architecture point-À-Point avec coupleur capacitif, l’architecture point-À-Point avec coupleur inductif et l’architecture point-À-Multipoints avec coupleur inductif. Le but de ces mesures a été d’évaluer la fonction de transfert du canal sur la bande [1 ; 100] MHz. Nous avons alors calculé les éléments caractéristiques du canal comme la bande de cohérence et l’étalement des retards. Après la caractérisation du canal de propagation, nous avons choisi et dimensionné les algorithmes de traitement du signal au regard des spécifications aéronautiques à savoir : un débit utile de 10 Mbit/s, un temps de latence de 167-334 μs, un TEB de 10-12 et le respect du gabarit de la DO-160 en émission conduite. Au regard de la fonction de transfert du canal, nous avons choisi d’utiliser l’OFDM comme technique de transmission. Ainsi, à l’aide de la caractérisation du canal de propagation nous avons au cours d’une étude paramétrique défini les paramètres de la transmission OFDM au regard des spécifications de débit et de temps réel. Dans un second temps, nous avons implanté les paramètres OFDM ainsi que la modélisation du canal de propagation dans une chaine de transmission Matlab. Cette chaine nous a alors permis de vérifier les paramètres issues de l’étude paramétrique ainsi que de définir le système de codage de canal (Reed-Solomon et code convolutif) pour respecter les spécifications aéronautiques. La dernière partie de cette thèse a consisté en l’étude du système de synchronisation. Du fait de la stabilité du canal de propagation, nous avons considéré une synchronisation fine du système lors d’une phase d’initialisation puis nous nous somme focalisé sur le dimensionnement d’un système de suivi dans le but de corriger le décalage de fenêtre FFT dû au défaut de fréquence d’échantillonnage. Pour limiter les pertes de débit lors de la phase de suivi, nous avons proposé une estimation de l’erreur de fréquence d’échantillonnage sur la phase des données reçues sur une période de 20 symboles OFDM
In the new aircrafts, hydraulic flight control systems are replaced by electric flight control systems. The main interests are a better flexibility of the aeronautical equipments and a decrease in maintenance costs and construction costs, but the major problem is the increasing of the wires length. In order to decrease this length, it has been proposed to use power line communications (PLC) technology for flight control systems. The decrease of wire will first decrease aircraft weight and therefore the consumption of kerosene and on the other hand will simplify maintenance and construction. The first part of this work is the measurement and the characterisation of the propagation channel on an aeronautic test bench (with HVDC supply and loads). This channel is composed of two couplers (inductive or capacitive) in order to connect the telecommunication system on the power wires with galvanic isolation and one twisted pair of 32 m longs. We have tested three architectures: the point-To-Point architecture with capacitive coupler, the point-To-Point architecture with inductive coupler and the point-To-Multipoint architecture with inductive coupler. The purpose of these measurements is to measured the transfer function on the [1 ; 100] MHz bandwidth. Then, we have computed the channel parameters like the coherence bandwidth and the delay spread. The second step was the design of the signal processing algorithm in order to satisfy the aeronautical specifications: a useful bite rate of 10 Mbit/s, a latency of 167- 334 μs, a BER of 10-12 and the respect of the DO-160 gauge in conducted emissions. For the transmissions, we have chosen the OFDM technology which has been use with success in other PLC systems. With the channel characterization, we have proposed a parametric study in order to define the OFDM parameters to satisfy the bite rate and the real time constraints. After, we compute digital simulations with Matlab to check the OFDM parameters. With these simulations, we have also defined the channel coding parameters (Reed-Solomon and convolutional coding) to satisfy the aeronautical specifications. The last part of this study was the design of the synchronisation system. Because of the channel stability, we considered a precise synchronisation after an initialisation period. Then, we focus on the estimation of the FFT shift, due to the sampling frequency shift, during a following-Up period. In order to avoid the decrease of the latency and the bitrate due to the pilot symbols or pilot sub-Carriers insertion, we proposed to correct the FFT shift with the receive data thanks to the maximal likelihood algorithm
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9

Uudelepp, Oscar, Ellen Nordén, and Douglas Lowén. "Electric Bike : Independent Project in Electrical Engineering." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353617.

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A group project has been made in which the goal was to build an electric bike. The main focus of the project was to build the surrounding control system of a BLDC motor. A complete BLDC hub motor was purchased. The wheel managed to spin forward but it was never implemented on a bike due to time constraints. This was a rewarding and educational project that can be replicated or improved for future students.
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10

Chavez, Henry. ""Dreaming of electric sheep" Les cycles techno-économiques du système mondial et le développement technoscientifique en Équateur : sources et limites du projet postnéolibéral ( 2007 – 2016 )." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0090.

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Sur la base d’une étude historique des rapports entre les cycles techno-économiques du système mondial et le processus de transformation économique, politique et idéologique d’un pays périphérique comme l’Équateur, cette recherche présente une analyse critique sur le processus de développement du champ technoscientifique de ce pays et le projet de modernisation postnéolibéral mis en place par son gouvernement entre 2007-2017. L’exposition est organisée en deux parties. La première analyse les rapports entre les transformations techno-économiques mondiales et les cycles économiques et politiques locaux ; les rapports entre ces cycles, les vagues de modernisation du système d’éducation supérieure équatorien et la reproduction des élites locales ; et enfin, les rapports entre ces deux derniers et le processus de développement scientifique, technologique et industriel du pays. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'étude en détail du dernier de ces cycles, caractérisé par la mise en place du projet postnéolibéral de modernisation technoscientifique. Cette étude se focalise particulièrement sur trois projets : la réforme de l’éducation supérieure, le programme de bourses d’étude à l’étranger et le projet de construction de Yachay, une ville dédiée à la science, à la technologie et à l’innovation. Les résultats de ces analyses dévoilent le caractère idéologique de ces projets, conçus et dirigés par un même réseau d’intellectuels et financés par l’essor des exportations de matières premières qui a accompagné cette phase ascendante du cycle périphérique. Enfermés dans leur quête idéologique d’un modèle de développement alternatif et les contraintes imposées par les processus de transformation du système mondial, ces acteurs ont fini par produire un projet de modernisation contradictoire basé sur une abstraction empirique adaptée à leurs besoins de légitimation politique. La fin de l’essor économique a dévoilé les limites de ce projet idéologique dont les résultats concrets sont une plus lourde bureaucratie, le gaspillage des ressources publiques et l’accumulation de pouvoir. Nous suggérons que ce résultat est un effet du décalage entre les cycles de transformation à la périphérie et au centre du système mondial et du processus de reconfiguration global liée à la montée de l’influence chinoise et au déploiement de la dernière vague de transformations techno-économiques. Cette recherchée s’inscrit ainsi dans la lignée de réflexion sur les transformations du système mondial
Based on a historical study of the relationship between the techno-economic cycles of the global system and the economic, political and ideological transformations in Ecuador, this research presents a critical analysis of the development process of the technoscientific field in this country and the post-neoliberal modernization project implemented by its government between 2007-2017. The thesis has two parts. The first one develops an analysis on three levels: the relationships between the global techno-economic cycles and the political and economic transformations in Ecuador; the relationships between these transformations, the waves of modernization of the Ecuadorian higher education system and the reproduction of local elites; and the relationship between the latter and the scientific, technological and industrial development of the country. The second part presents a detailed study of the last cycle, characterized by the implementation of the post-neoliberal project of technoscientific modernization. This study focuses, particularly, on three projects: the higher education reform, the scholarship program for studies abroad and the Yachay technopole project. These analysis results reveal the ideological character of these projects, designed and directed by the same network of intellectuals and financed by the rise of commodity exports which accompanied this upward phase of the peripheral cycle. Trapped in their ideological quest for an alternative development model and the constraints imposed by the transformation processes of the global system, these actors have finally produced a contradictory modernization project based on an empirical abstraction adapted to their needs for political legitimization. The end of the economic upswing has unveiled the limits of this ideological project whose concrete results are a heavier bureaucracy, waste of public resources and the accumulation of power. We suggest that this result is an effect of the three interrelated processes: the gap between the transformation cycles at the periphery and at the center of the global system, the global reconfiguration linked to the rise of Chinese influence and the deployment of the latest techno-economic wave of innovation. This research aims thus to contribute to the debate on the historical transformations of the global system
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Книги з теми "Electric technologie"

1

l'énergie, Agence internationale de. Véhicules électriques: Technologie, performances et perspectives. Paris: Technip, 1994.

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2

Electric language. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

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Nebeker, Frederik. Dawn of the electronic age: Electrical technologies in the shaping of the modern world, 1914 to 1945. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2009.

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4

Diédhiou, Salif. L'énergie électrique au Sénégal de 1887 à 1985: Transfert de technologie, appropriation et enjeu politique d'un patrimoine industriel naissant. Dakar: Harmattan Sénégal, 2021.

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J, MacKenzie James. The keys to the car: Electric and hydrogen vehicles for the 21st century. [Baltimore, Md.?]: World Resources Institute, 1994.

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6

F, Klimovich A., and Kestelʹman V. N, eds. Electrophysical phenomena in the tribology of polymers. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1999.

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7

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (14th 2001 Toronto, Ont.). Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2001: Conference proceedings : theme : Technology for the Millennium : May 13-16, 2001 Chelsea Inn, Toronto, Canada = Congrès Canadien en Génie Électrique et Informatique 2001 : compte rendu du congrès : theme: Technologie pour le Millenaieé : du 13 au 16 Mai, 2001. Piscataway, N.J: IEEE, 2001.

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8

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (15th 2002 Winnipeg, Man.). IEEE CCECE2002 : Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering: Conference proceedings : theme : Technology in the Millennium : May 12 to 15, 2002, Hotel Fort Garry, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada = IEEE 2002CCGÉI : Congrès Canadien en Génie Électrique et Informatique 2002 : compte rendu du congrès : theme: Technologie dans le millenairé : du 12 au 15 Mai, 2002. Piscataway, N.J: IEEE, 2002.

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9

Sibikin, Mihail, V. Yashkov, and L. Kramzlev. Diagnostics and maintenance of electrical installations of consumers. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1863104.

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The textbook discusses the technologies of diagnostics and maintenance of electrical installations of consumers. The features of diagnostics of electrical installations by organoleptic and instrumental methods are reflected. Statistical material is given on typical failures of electrical installation elements and ways to eliminate them, as well as regulatory parameters used in tests. The experience of organizing an engineering service for diagnosing electrical installations and its production base is considered. For students of the training direction 13.03.02 "Electric power and electrical engineering". It may be useful for engineering and technical staff involved in the operation of electrical installations.
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10

Breeze, Paul. Power generation technologies. Oxford: Newnes, 2005.

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Частини книг з теми "Electric technologie"

1

Neumann, Tim, Benny Gottschalk, Tom Höppner, Tim Wolfsteller, Martin Trommer, Tobias Teich, Mirko Bodach, Michael Scheffler, and Sven Leonhardt. "Boosted Innovation Loop als neues Leitbild zur nachhaltigen Integration von Technologie in die Gesellschaft." In Innovation und Kooperation auf dem Weg zur All Electric Society, 3–22. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38706-8_1.

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2

Kestelman, Vladimir N., Leonid S. Pinchuk, and Victor A. Goldade. "Electret Effect and Electric Technologies." In Electrets In Engineering, 1–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4455-5_1.

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3

Bigum, Marianne, and Thomas H. Christensen. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment." In Solid Waste Technology & Management, 960–70. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470666883.ch59.

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4

Denton, Tom. "Electric vehicle technology." In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 63–98. 2nd edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2020]: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429296109-4.

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5

Patel, Arpit J., Chaitali Mehta, Ojaswini A. Sharma, Amit V. Sant, and V. S. K. V. Harish. "Electric vehicle technology." In Renewable Energy Integration with Building Energy Systems, 113–28. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211587-6.

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6

Zhu, Xiaolong. "Research on Electric and Electronic Technology Teaching Reform for Non-Electric Professional." In Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Cybernetics and Informatics, 1615–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3872-4_207.

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7

Young, Kwo, Caisheng Wang, Le Yi Wang, and Kai Strunz. "Electric Vehicle Battery Technologies." In Electric Vehicle Integration into Modern Power Networks, 15–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0134-6_2.

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8

Nichols, Daniel H. "Electric Force." In Physics for Technology, 207–22. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351207270-12.

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9

Ucak, Ilknur, Maliha Afreen, Evgenia Benova, Plamena Marinova, Todor Bogdanov, Maria Turtoi, Livia Patrașcu, and Iuliana Aprodu. "Electro – Technologies." In Food Engineering Series, 93–176. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92415-7_4.

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10

Fu, C., R. Hoseinnezhad, Simon Watkins, and Reza Jazar. "Direct Torque Control for Electronic Differential in an Electric Racing Car." In Sustainable Automotive Technologies 2012, 177–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24145-1_23.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Electric technologie"

1

"Electric Flight Technology." In Default for White Papers. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/wp-0002.

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<div class="section abstract">The environmental impact of hydrocarbon-burning aircraft, both from the perspective of gas emissions and that of noise, is one of the main motivations for the move to electric propulsion. The added benefit from this shift to electric propulsion is that it has resulted in lowering the costs of electrical components such as motors, power electronic (PE) circuits, and batteries that are essential to this technology. This white paper seeks to explore the history, architecture, electrical components, and future trends of electric flight technology.</div>
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2

Fredlund, Terry L., and Joe Mares. "All-Electric Actuator for Mid-Size Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53082.

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A number of actuators are available for mid-size industrial gas turbine engines in the marketplace today. These designs utilize pneumatic, hydraulic, electro-pneumatic, electro-hydraulic, and all-electric actuation technologies. The electro-hydraulic has been the most common mid-size industrial gas turbine actuation technology over the last 20 years. This paper focuses on a new all-electric actuator technology developed specifically for mid-size gas turbines using an integrally mounted controller. This paper discusses the significant technical challenges to integrally mounting all-electric actuator motor controller.
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3

Lu, H., W. S. Loh, T. Tilford, M. Johnson, and C. Bailey. "Reliability of Power Electronic Modules." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33817.

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The electric car, the all electric aircraft and requirements for renewable energy are examples of potential technologies needed to address the world problem of global warming/carbon emission etc. Power electronics and packaged modules are fundamental for the underpinning of these technologies and with the diverse requirements for electrical configurations and the range of environmental conditions, time to market is paramount for module manufacturers and systems designers alike. This paper details some of the results from a major UK project into the reliability of power electronic modules using physics of failure techniques. This paper presents a design methodology together with results that demonstrate enhanced product design with improved reliability, performance and value within acceptable time scales.
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4

Muhammad, Muhammad Fadhli, Maung Maung Myo Thant, Mohamad Faizal Sedaralit, and Siti Nur Amira Shaffee. "Non-Combustion Power Generation Technology for Oil & Gas Production Facilities Towards Net Zero Carbon Emission Agenda." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211060-ms.

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Abstract In this paper, a strategy of deploying a novel compact electric generator (n-CEG) is investigated for generation of electrical energy replacing conventional mini turbine generator (MTG) technology. Deployment of these technologies are driven by growing power requirement at offshore facilities with aging conventional equipment currently installed at these facilities. With advancement and potential benefit that the technologies can offer, a high-level feasibility study is needed to ensure suitable technology is deployed. This paper seeks to cover the feasibility of n-CEG technology deployment at offshore facility as compared to MTG and floating solar panel inclusive of technical and cost perspective.
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5

Marchand, Philippe J., Frederick B. McCormick, and Sadik C. Esener. "Diffractive Optics in Free-Space OptoElectronic Computing Systems." In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.dmd.1.

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Optical interconnections have been shown to have advantages over electrical interconnections in terms of speed, energy, and density for global links1. In addition, the flexibility of optical interconnections permits efficient electronic layouts that can improve the performance of electrical connections in an opto-electronic computing system. Optical interconnections systems are currently a very active area of research2,3,4,5. These systems typically combine electronic circuits, opto-electronic transmitters and receivers, and optical elements. Electronic circuits are usually designed, optimized, and fabricated using standard VLSI technology. Many technologies are available for opto-electronic transmitters and receivers; in our case, we will use either Si/PLZT6,7 or Si/MQW8 technologies. Similarly, there is a wide choice of technologies available for the optical elements in the system. In this paper we first present some results on diffractive elements for Free-Space Interconnection systems fabricated using e-beam direct write technology. Then we discuss the design and optimization of the diffractive elements used in a particular free-space optical interconnection scheme: the optical transpose interconnection system (OTIS); where we have used CodeV®9 optical system design software package to design and optimize several different systems based on both refractive and diffractive micro-optic technologies. In addition, we have explored the possibility of using a volume holographic element to replace the need for a polarizing beam splitter in the system.
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6

Asbeck, P. M. "Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor Technology for High Speed Integrated Circuits." In Picosecond Electronics and Optoelectronics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/peo.1985.fb1.

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A bipolar structure provides many potential benefits for picosecond electronic circuits: (a) current flow is vertical, through epitaxial layers whose total thickness is only a few tenths of a micron, decreasing carrier transit times; (b) large amounts of current can be carried by modest size transistors, enabling rapid charging of interconnect capacitances; and (c) threshold voltages are tied to built-in potentials of p-n junctions, which are easy to reproduce device-to-device, enabling accurate logic voltages to be established. Added advantages result from using III-V heterojunctions rather than Si: (a) high electron mobility; (b) pronounced transient electron velocity overshoot effects; (c) ability to incorporate quasi-electric fields into the devices by semiconductor composition variations; and (d) ability to insure adequate emitter efficiency with wide gap emitters. As a result of these advantages, HBTs offer prospects for switching time delays in the sub 10 pS regime, with a robust, manufacturable fabrication process.
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7

Guida, R. "On the effects of strain wave gear kinematic errors on the behaviour of an electro-mechanical flight control actuator for eVTOL aircrafts." In AIMETA 2022. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902431-34.

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Abstract. In recent years, the increasingly growing overcrowding of urban environments and the resulting road traffic congestion have pushed toward the search for alternative mobility solutions, among which there are novel Urban Air Mobility (UAM) technologies. The UAM, together with the development of electric actuation systems, would allow decongesting the streets by exploiting the sky using electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircrafts. Urban air mobility vehicles are primarily based on fully electrical flight control systems with rotary output. Since such technology is relatively new and unproven, Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) algorithms, able to continuously monitor the health status of such systems, are of particular interest. The diffusion of these systems strongly depends on the general confidence of possible customers. The present paper proposes a preliminary study on the effects of the kinematic error of a Strain Wave Gear (SWG), the most used reducer for this kind of applications, on the behaviour of an Electro-Mechanical Actuator (EMA) used as a flight control actuator for an eVTOL aircraft. The simulation results show how the unavoidable kinematic error affects the EMA performances and how its presence can be detected and quantified in strain wave gears.
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8

Lee, Jaewon, Dong Kee Sohn, and Han Seo Ko. "Analysis of Characteristics of Bubble on Electrode Surface of Forced Convective Electrolyte Using Image Processing." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5064.

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Abstract ‘Electrolysis’ is a technology about the transport of electrons caused by placing electrodes in an electrolyte using the difference of electric potential. It has been applied to various industrial fields, e.g., energy storage systems (ESS), fuel cells, and water treatment. Despite the outwardly simple phenomenon of this technology, it has been investigated because of the complex electro-physical process inside the electrolysis system, which can be designed in various ways. Two plate electrodes placed on a bulk of electrolyte is the most common electrolysis system. The electrolysis systems can be identified by the electrolyte flow, such as Forced convection configuration (FCC), Forced convection-induced circulation configuration (FCICC), and No net flow configuration (NNFC). The purpose of the study about the bubbles around the electrodes was to characterize the potential drop induced by the existence of the bubbles in the electric field. The dispersed bubbles, which have less electrical conductivity than does the bulk of the electrolyte, can reduce the efficiency of electrolysis. Therefore, in order to study the relationship between the electrical properties in the channel and the gas layer, the equation was derived with the void fraction and other electrical variables.
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9

Yamamoto, Satoshi, Masanobu Saruta, Hideyuki Wada, Michikazu Tomita, and Tatsuo Suemasu. "Wafer-Level Packaging Technology With Through-Hole Interconnections in Silicon Substrate." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73298.

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An advanced packaging technology with through-hole interconnections, which enables miniaturization and high-density packaging of electronic devices including MEMS devices and optical devices, has been developed. In this work, through-hole interconnections were applied to an image sensor packaging. Through-holes, 80μm in diameter and 200μm in depth, were formed from backside of the device wafer by Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE). After an insulation layer was formed inside the holes, conductive material such as copper (Cu) or Gold-Tin (Au-Sn) alloy solder was filled into the holes by electroplating method or Molten Metal Suction Method (MMSM). This technology enables wafer-level packaging of the image sensor device. Some electrical characteristics and reliability performances including electric resistance, breakdown voltage, high-temperature storage test, heat cycle test, temperature-humidity test were examined. In this paper, fabrication processes, structural and electrical characteristics and reliability of the package will be reported.
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10

Garcia, Elias, and Kevin Robertson. "Advanced Reservoir Control Systems Paving the Way for Digital Offshore Operations and Analysis." In SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208898-ms.

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Abstract Digital offshore operations and analysis rely on the deployment of downhole completion technologies that can produce significant quantities of data. Historically, downhole monitoring technologies, such as fiber optics and permanent downhole gauges, have been a good source of wellbore data for modeling and analysis. Permanent downhole monitoring technologies have benefitted from the advancement of high temperature electronics, reducing overall power consumption, and directly affecting sensor and electronics reliability and longevity. Through the utilization of telemetry schemes for addressability, permanent downhole monitoring technologies have also helped to develop electro-hydraulic and all-electric downhole flow control technologies, by enabling increased wellbore compartmentalization and fast control of multiple wellbore intervals. Advanced reservoir control systems have the ability to integrate to smart and data driven systems. They can be subdivided into extrinsic and intrinsic systems. Intrinsic systems benefit from having integrated monitoring technologies that can be addressed through telemetry schemes, which are also used to control multiple wellbore intervals. Examples of intrinsic systems include intrinsic electro-hydraulic systems and all-electric systems. To date, plenty of testing has been done with these types of intrinsic systems, but this paper highlights the evaluation of an intrinsic electro-hydraulic system. Ultimately, the authors believe that a stepwise approach through the implementation of hybrid-electric digital systems is key to the overall acceptance of all-electric systems. The success and reliability of electro-hydraulic systems will play a significant role in mass acceptance of all-electric systems in the oilfield. Electro-hydraulic systems are a good segway into all electric systems and give operators the chance to utilize some of the existing infrastructure while benefiting from some of the optimizations brought on by the Digital Oilfield.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Electric technologie"

1

Muelaner, Jody Emlyn. Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways. SAE International, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021004.

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With the current state of automotive electrification, predicting which electrification pathway is likely to be the most economical over a 10- to 30-year outlook is wrought with uncertainty. The development of a range of technologies should continue, including statically charged battery electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and EVs designed for a combination of plug-in and electric road system (ERS) supply. The most significant uncertainties are for the costs related to hydrogen supply, electrical supply, and battery life. This greatly is dependent on electrolyzers, fuel-cell costs, life spans and efficiencies, distribution and storage, and the price of renewable electricity. Green hydrogen will also be required as an industrial feedstock for difficult-to-decarbonize areas such as aviation and steel production, and for seasonal energy buffering in the grid. For ERSs, it is critical to understand how battery life will be affected by frequent cycling and the extent to which battery technology from hybrid vehicles can be applied. Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways dives into the most critical issues the mobility industry is facing.
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Muelaner, Jody Emlyn. Electric Road Systems for Dynamic Charging. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022007.

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Electric road systems (ERS) enable dynamic charging—the most energy efficient and economical way to decarbonize road vehicles. ERS draw electrical power directly from the grid and enable vehicles with small batteries to operate without the need to stop for charging. The three main technologies (i.e., overhead catenary lines, road-bound conductive tracks, and inductive wireless systems in the road surface) are all technically proven; however, no highway system has been commercialized. Electric Road Systems for Dynamic Charging discusses the technical and economic advantages of dynamic charging and questions the current investment in battery-powered and hydrogen-fueled vehicles.
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3

CALSTART BURBANK CA. Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada350561.

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4

Avis, William. Technical Aspects of e-Waste Management. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.051.

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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices, increased affordability and consumer appetite for new products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on the technical aspects e-waste value chains. The report should be read in conjunction with two earlier reports on e-waste management1. E-waste is any electrical or electronic equipment, including all components, subassemblies and consumables, which are part of the equipment at the time the equipment becomes waste. The exact treatment of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) can vary enormously according to the category of WEEE and technology that is used. Electrical and electronic items contain a wide variety of materials. As a result of this complex mix of product types and materials, some of which are hazardous (including arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury and certain flame retardants) multiple approaches to WEEE are required, each with specific technical guidelines. This report is structured as follows: Section two provides an introduction to the technical aspects of e-waste management, including a reflection on the challenges and complexities of managing a range of product types involving a range of components and pollutants. Section three provides an annotated bibliography of key readings that discuss elements of the technical aspects of managing e-waste. This bibliography includes readings on national guidelines, training manuals and technical notes produced by the Basel convention and courses. WEEE recycling can be a complex and multifaced process. In order to manage e-waste effectively, the following must be in place Legislative and regulatory frameworks Waste Prevention and minimisation guidelines Identification of waste mechanisms Sampling, analysis and monitoring expertise Handling, collection, packaging, labelling, transportation and storage guidelines Environmentally sound disposal guidelines Management is further complicated by the speed of technological advance with technologies becoming redundant much sooner than initially planned. Case studies show that the average actual lifetimes of certain electronic products are at least 2.3 years shorter than either their designed or desired lifetimes.
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Jiang, Yuxiang. Unsettled Technology Areas in Electric Propulsion Systems. SAE International, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021012.

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Electric vehicle (EV) transmission technology—crucial for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)—is developing quickly and customers want good performance at a low cost. Single-speed gearboxes are popular in electric drive systems due to their simple and cost-effective configuration. However, multispeed gearboxes are being taken to market due to their higher low-speed torque, dynamic performance, and energy efficiency. Unsettled Technology Areas in Electric Propulsion Systems reviews the economic drivers, existing techniques, and current challenges of EV transmission technology—including torque interruption during shifting; thermal and sealing issues; and noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH). This report discusses the pros and cons for both single-speed and multispeed gearboxes with numerical analysis.
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Avis, William. Drivers, Barriers and Opportunities of E-waste Management in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.016.

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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices and consumer appetite for better products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on e-waste management in Africa. This report provides an overview of constitutes e-waste, the environmental and health impacts of e-waste, of the barriers to effective e-waste management, the opportunities associated with effective e-waste management and of the limited literature available that estimate future volumes of e-waste. Africa generated a total of 2.9 million Mt of e-waste, or 2.5 kg per capita, the lowest regional rate in the world. Africa’s e-waste is the product of Local and imported Sources of Used Electronic and Electrical Equipment (UEEE). Challenges in e-waste management in Africa are exacerbated by a lack of awareness, environmental legislation and limited financial resources. Proper disposal of e-waste requires training and investment in recycling and management technology as improper processing can have severe environmental and health effects. In Africa, thirteen countries have been identified as having a national e-waste legislation/policy.. The main barriers to effective e-waste management include: Insufficient legislative frameworks and government agencies’ lack of capacity to enforce regulations, Infrastructure, Operating standards and transparency, illegal imports, Security, Data gaps, Trust, Informality and Costs. Aspirations associated with energy transition and net zero are laudable, products associated with these goals can become major contributors to the e-waste challenge. The necessary wind turbines, solar panels, electric car batteries, and other "green" technologies require vast amounts of resources. Further to this, at the end of their lifetime, they can pose environmental hazards. An example of e-waste associated with energy transitions can be gleaned from the solar power sector. Different types of solar power cells need to undergo different treatments (mechanical, thermal, chemical) depending on type to recover the valuable metals contained. Similar issues apply to waste associated with other energy transition technologies. Although e-waste contains toxic and hazardous metals such as barium and mercury among others, it also contains non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminium and precious metals such as gold and copper, which if recycled could have a value exceeding 55 billion euros. There thus exists an opportunity to convert existing e-waste challenges into an economic opportunity.
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CALSTART BURBANK CA. Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada342766.

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Moe, R. J., B. J. Harrer, M. A. Kellogg, A. J. Lyke, K. L. Imhoff, and Z. J. Fisher. Electric energy savings from new technologies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6307019.

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none,. FY2014 Electric Drive Technologies Annual Progress Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1220546.

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Author, Not Given. FY2015 Electric Drive Technologies Annual Progress Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1245342.

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