Готові списки джерел за темами / Electric power distribution Safety measures

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Electric power distribution Safety measures"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Electric power distribution Safety measures"

Liu, Chen Lei. "The Classification of Grounding Method on the Low-Voltage Distribution System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1674.

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Electricity is the foundation of modern industrial and people’s daily life,as the most basic energy. The higher desire for power supply quality and reliability has been advanced along with the rapid development of national economy.Given the importance of electrical safety in the application of electric energy,it’s necessary to be aware of electricity protective measures,especially the protective earthing ways as the indirect contact protective measures.

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Panova, Olena, Nataliia Burdeina, Kyrylo Nikolaiev, and Yana Biruk. "PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SAFETY MEASURES IN INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURE." JOURNAL of Donetsk mining institute, no. 2 (2020): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2020-2-155-161.

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Objective. Identification of factors of non-productive origin that affect the electromagnetic situation in industrial buildings and the implementation of a sequence of measures to normalize it. Methods. Experimental study of the source of extraneous electromagnetic fields in buildings and structures that can adversely affect workers and sensitive devices in production. To do this, the means of finding such fields were identified and used. The state and description of electric power networks as well as the distribution of the intensity of high-frequency electromagnetic fields are generalized. Electromagnetic safety measures in the production of various purposes are analyzed and presented. Results. Industrial five-storey buildings were inspected for currents in metal structures. The results show that they have significant levels of electric currents in metal structures depending on the riser of the building. It is established that the precondition for the application of safety measures is the analysis of the state of electric power networks, the distribution of the intensity of high-frequency electromagnetic fields, etc. The levels of electromagnetic fields in partially shielded rooms have been experimentally established. Typical dependences of radiation intensity of mobile phones on the signal level from base stations are obtained. The conditions of normalization of the electromagnetic situation in individual rooms and the building as a whole are substantiated. Electromagnetic safety measures have been introduced. Scientific novelty. To minimize the impact of electrical networks on the electromagnetic environment in the building, it is advisable to upgrade it according to the scheme TN-S, or TN-C-S, which reduces the levels of uncompensated electric currents in the network and the corresponding magnetic fields. Practical significance. It is established that: a) it is obligatory to determine the presence of leakage electric currents on grounded bearing structures and engineering networks that generate magnetic fields of hygienically significant voltages; b) reducing the levels of these jets due to technical solutions further reduces the intensity of electro-like processes in metal structures; c) to reduce the levels of high-frequency electromagnetic fields in production facilities, which are formed due to the reflection and re-reflection of electromagnetic waves, it is advisable to use composite shielding materials with controlled absorption and reflection coefficients. This approach will systematize the overall electromagnetic background in the premises and the building as a whole.

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Loktionov, O. A., and O. E. Kondrateva. "Characteristics Determination for the Most Traumatic Professions of Industrial Power Facilities Employees in Terms of the Fatality." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 5 (May 2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-5-35-41.

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Electric power facilities traditionally demonstrate high rates of the fatal injuries. At the same time, the share of technical causes of injuries decreases annually. To reduce occupational injuries, the most promising measures are aimed at decreasing the influence of organizational and psychophysiological causes. Each of the potential causes of an injury can be described by the indicators that are uniquely associated with the work-related injuries and characterize the injured employee. The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics of the employees in the most traumatic professions in the electric power industry who suffered as the result of injuries with fatality. Methodological approach is proposed related to the determination of the characteristic parameters of employees of the operating and maintenance personnel in the electric power industry. It consists of several stages. The first is the formation of the most common parameters, assignment to the group with an increased risk of industrial injuries. The second is the definition of a list of the most traumatic professions in the electric power industry. The third is the introduction of a procedure for multivariate cluster analysis of the input statistical data. The fourth is the calculation of the parameters of employees of the most traumatic professions in the electric power industry with distribution by cluster groups. Cluster groups are formed for professions: electrician, electrical fitter, foreman and wireman, which account for 80 % of the fatal injuries in the electric power industry. The relevant characteristics of the employees are determined: age, length of service, period after testing knowledge on the occupational safety, class of the working conditions. The proposed methodological approach can be used for any industry where the employee is exposed to the harmful and hazardous production factors. The methodology allows to develop and carry out measures for reducing the level of injuries.

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Gabbar, Hossam A., Ahmed M. Othman, and Muhammad R. Abdussami. "Review of Battery Management Systems (BMS) Development and Industrial Standards." Technologies 9, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies9020028.

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The evolving global landscape for electrical distribution and use created a need area for energy storage systems (ESS), making them among the fastest growing electrical power system products. A key element in any energy storage system is the capability to monitor, control, and optimize performance of an individual or multiple battery modules in an energy storage system and the ability to control the disconnection of the module(s) from the system in the event of abnormal conditions. This management scheme is known as “battery management system (BMS)”, which is one of the essential units in electrical equipment. BMS reacts with external events, as well with as an internal event. It is used to improve the battery performance with proper safety measures within a system. Therefore, a safe BMS is the prerequisite for operating an electrical system. This report analyzes the details of BMS for electric transportation and large-scale (stationary) energy storage. The analysis includes different aspects of BMS covering testing, component, functionalities, topology, operation, architecture, and BMS safety aspects. Additionally, current related standards and codes related to BMS are also reviewed. The report investigates BMS safety aspects, battery technology, regulation needs, and offer recommendations. It further studies current gaps in respect to the safety requirements and performance requirements of BMS by focusing mainly on the electric transportation and stationary application. The report further provides a framework for developing a new standard on BMS, especially on BMS safety and operational risk. In conclusion, four main areas of (1) BMS construction, (2) Operation Parameters, (3) BMS Integration, and (4) Installation for improvement of BMS safety and performance are identified, and detailed recommendations were provided for each area. It is recommended that a technical review of the BMS be performed for transportation electrification and large-scale (stationary) applications. A comprehensive evaluation of the components, architectures, and safety risks applicable to BMS operation is also presented.

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Stańczyk, Tomasz, and Lech Hyb. "Technological and organisational challenges for e-mobility." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 84, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol84.art5.

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With the rapid growth of schemes and initiatives to promote e-mobility and numerous measures taken to ensure its quick and effective implementation, there is a wide range of technological and non-technological problems, especially organisational, economic, legal and social in nature, that have to be handled by national and local governments all over the world. This article addresses some of the technological and organisational challenges for electromobility. The key technology-related issues to be coped with are the need for longer ranges of electric vehicles (EVs), shorter charging times and smart power grids (because of a higher demand for electrical energy). Another important problem to be solved urgently is the high battery weight, affecting the vehicle dynamics. Because of the excessive weight of the battery pack, there is a risk of its displacement during a crash, which may jeopardize the safety on the road. The next big concern, also associated with safety, is protection against electrical and fire hazards in the event of a collision. The most important of all the organisational challenges related to EVs is the necessity to create networks of charging stations. Their insufficient number and unsatisfactory distribution are strong barriers hampering the development of e-mobility. The organisational measures also include privileges such as access to bus lanes, already offered in some countries. Finally, there is the need to urgently train a large number of electricians to test and maintain EVs, the need to create a recycling system for used EV batteries, and the need to deal with the organisational aspects of the development of smart power grids.

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Et.al, Dong-Seung Back. "A Study on The Safety Measures Against Fire Through An ESS Fire Analysis." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (April 10, 2021): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.1872.

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Due to the increase in the frequency of fires due to the mass distribution of energy storage devices, following the introduction and operation of eco-friendly power generation facilities around the world, there is an urgent need to analyze the causes of such fires and to devise countermeasures against them. By analyzing the occurrence of ESS fires and reviewing the definition of ESS terminology, we intend to suggest some safety measures against ESS fires by understanding the related facilities and analyzing the causes. We would also like to propose new measures to prevent the spread of ESS fires. ESS fires occur most frequently during the discharge standby period after charging is completed in connected solar and wind power facilities. In addition, when we investigated the problems with the batteries, PCS manufacturing, ESS design, installation and construction, and the factors related to their usage and operation, we found such causes of fire as battery system defects, unsatisfactory protection systems against electrical shock, improper operations and environmental management, careless installations, and a lack of ESS integrated management systems. Therefore, a new approach is needed through the application of new technologies and safety measures including manufacturing standards, installation standards, operation and management standards, and firefighting standards for the purpose of ensuring the safety of these facilities and their operations, in order to prevent ESS fire accidents and the spread of fire.

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Lan, Hao, Guiyun Wang, Kun Zhao, Yuntang He, and Tianlei Zheng. "Review on the Hydrogen Dispersion and the Burning Behavior of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 4, 2022): 7295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197295.

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The development of a hydrogen energy-based society is becoming the solution for more and more countries. Fuel cell electric vehicles are the best carriers for developing a hydrogen energy-based society. The current research on hydrogen leakage and the diffusion of fuel cell electric vehicles has been sufficient. However, the study of hydrogen safety has not reduced the safety concerns for society and government management departments, concerning the large-scale promotion of fuel cell electric vehicles. Hydrogen safety is both a technical and psychological issue. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of fuel cell electric vehicles’ hydrogen dispersion and the burning behavior and introduce the relevant work of international standardization and global technical regulations. The CFD simulations in tunnels, underground car parks, and multistory car parks show that the hydrogen escape performance is excellent. At the same time, the research verifies that the flow, the direction of leakage, and the vehicle itself are the most critical factors affecting hydrogen distribution. The impact of the leakage location and leakage pore size is much smaller. The relevant studies also show that the risk is still controllable even if the hydrogen leakage rate is increased ten times the limit of GTR 13 to 1000 NL/min and then ignited. Multi-vehicle combustion tests of fuel cell electric vehicles showed that adjacent vehicles were not ignited by the hydrogen. This shows that as long as the appropriate measures are taken, the risk of a hydrogen leak or the combustion of fuel cell electric vehicles is controllable. The introduction of relevant standards and regulations also indirectly proves this point. This paper will provide product design guidelines for R&D personnel, offer the latest knowledge and guidance to the regulatory agencies, and increase the public’s acceptance of fuel cell electric vehicles.

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Brzezinska, Dorota, and Paul Bryant. "Performance-Based Analysis in Evaluation of Safety in Car Parks under Electric Vehicle Fire Conditions." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020649.

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Even though electric vehicles (EV) were invented over a century ago, their popularity has grown significantly within the last 10 years due to the development of Li-ion battery technology. This evolution created an increase in the fire risk and hazards associated with this type of high-energy battery. This review focuses on lessons learned from electric vehicle fires and fire risk mitigation measures for passenger road vehicles partially or fully powered by Li-ion batteries. The paper presents EV fire risks, as well as historical car fires, published large-scale fire tests, and some proposed fire protection strategies in the aspect of electromobility safety for the future. Technical solutions for EV fire hazard mitigation are discussed, and methods of performance-based analysis and simulations for fire safety in car park evaluation are demonstrated. The Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) was used for the CFD simulations for the prediction of smoke dispersion and temperature distribution during an EV fire. The presented case study demonstrates how fire simulations could predict conditions for the safe evacuation of people and Fire Brigade intervention conditions in the case of an EV fire in a car park.

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Sun, Jie, Jiao Wang, Yonghui Sun, Mingxin Xu, Yong Shi, Zifa Liu, and Xingya Wen. "Electric Heating Load Forecasting Method Based on Improved Thermal Comfort Model and LSTM." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 4525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154525.

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The accuracy of the electric heating load forecast in a new load has a close relationship with the safety and stability of distribution network in normal operation. It also has enormous implications on the architecture of a distribution network. Firstly, the thermal comfort model of the human body was established to analyze the comfortable body temperature of a main crowd under different temperatures and levels of humidity. Secondly, it analyzed the influence factors of electric heating load, and from the perspective of meteorological factors, it selected the difference between human thermal comfort temperature and actual temperature and humidity by gray correlation analysis. Finally, the attention mechanism was utilized to promote the precision of combined adjunction model, and then the data results of the predicted electric heating load were obtained. In the verification, the measured data of electric heating load in a certain area of eastern Inner Mongolia were used. The results showed that after considering the input vector with most relative factors such as temperature and human thermal comfort, the LSTM network can realize the accurate prediction of the electric heating load.

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Zhu, Li Juan, and Yan Ming Gao. "Modern Industrial Plant Electrical Grounding System Design and Installation." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.332.

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With the development of economy and society, there are more and more modern industrial workshop, electricity is the main energy of a modern industrial workshop. Ensure the safety of the power of the industrial building is a key consideration in the design of industrial distribution, and an important content of the healthy development of the industry. There are many problems in the current electrical system, these problems are associated with grounding system with large and small, so in the electrical system, grounding system installation process to ensure that the electrical use one of the main means of security. Modern workshop electrical grounding system is analyzed and the construction of all kinds of earthing measures should be taken.

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Дисертації з теми "Electric power distribution Safety measures"

Sharifnia, Hamidreza. "Safety related model and studies of Trojan Nuclear Power Plant electrical distribution system." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3875.

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The most important requirement for running a nuclear power plant safely is having a reliable safety system, especially during the emergency shutdown condition. For performing a scrutiny load flow and voltage drop study a detailed and comprehensive electrical model for the emergency electrical distribution system of the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant has been developed. This model includes the representation of the transformers, circuit breakers, motors, cables and load data from 4160 volts level down to the individual 480 volts loads.

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Rader, Jordan D. "Loss of normal feedwater ATWS for Vogtle Electric Generating Plant using RETRAN-02." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31741.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Nuclear Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Abdel-Khalik, Said I.; Committee Member: Ghiaasiaan, S. Mostafa; Committee Member: Hertel, Nolan E. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Sridharan, Venkatraman. "Cyber security in power systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43692.

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Many automation and power control systems are integrated into the 'Smart Grid' concept for efficiently managing and delivering electric power. This integrated approach created several challenges that need to be taken into consideration such as cyber security issues, information sharing, and regulatory compliance. There are several issues that need to be addressed in the area of cyber security. Currently, there are no metrics for evaluating cyber security and methodologies to detect cyber attacks are in their infancy. There is a perceived lack of security built into the smart grid systems, but there is no mechanism for information sharing on cyber security incidents. In this thesis, we discuss the vulnerabilities in power system devices, and present ideas and a proposal towards multiple-threat system intrusion detection. We propose to test the multiple-threat methods for cyber security monitoring on a multi-laboratory test bed, and aid the development of a SCADA test bed, to be constructed on the Georgia Tech Campus.

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Mavee, Sheu Menete Alexandre. "Smart grid critical information infrastructure protection through multi-agency." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13845.

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M.Com. (Informatics)
Critical Infrastructure is the term used to describe assets that are of utmost importance, or in other words, essential in the functioning of an environment. Societies depend on their critical infrastructure in order to maintain and continuously improve on their population’s standard of living. The creation of more self-sustainable methods of energy consumption and generation drives towards the creation of a better and more efficient evolution of the power grid critical infrastructure, named the smart grid. The introduction of the smart grid brought in a paradigm shift towards the practices used to manage the generation and distribution of electric power. The introduction of highly capable information systems to intrinsically work with current power grid technologies provided the ability to enhance economic and environmental efficiency of power systems. Although providing a wide variety of benefits, such information systems also created new points of vulnerabilities, which if exploited, place the smart grid at risk of disruptions. In order to address the security issues that occur at the application and data exchange level of smart grid information systems, the dissertation proposed the use of a security model to protect the smart grid. The Multi-Agent Smart Grid Security (MA-SGS) model is based on the use of multiple autonomous intelligent software agents which attempt to create operational stability and efficiency in the smart grid...

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Wu, Meng. "Fuzzy-Rule-Based Failure Detection and Early Warning System for Lithium-ion Battery." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3522.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Lithium-ion battery is one kind of rechargeable battery, and also renewable, sustainable and portable. With the merits of high density, slow loss of charge when spare and no memory effect, lithium-ion battery is widely used in portable electronics and hybrid vehicles. Apart from its advantages, safety is a major concern for Lithium-ion batteries due to devastating incidents with laptop and cell phone batteries. Overcharge and over-discharge are two of the most common electrical abuses a lithium-ion battery suffers. In this thesis, a fuzzy-rule-based system is proposed to detect the over-charge and over-discharge failure in early time. The preliminary results for the failure signatures of overcharged and over-discharged lithium-ion are listed based on the experimental results under both room temperature and high temperature. A fuzzy-rule-based model utilizing these failure signatures is developed and validated. For over-charge case, the abnormal increase of the surface temperature and decrease of the voltage are captured. While for over discharge case, unusual temperature increase during overcharge phases and abnormal current decrease during overcharge phases are obtained. The inference engine for fuzzy-rule-based system is designed based on these failure signatures. An early warning signal will be given by this algorithm before the failure occurs. This failure detection and early warning system is verified to be effective through experimental validation. In the validation test, the proposed methods are successfully implemented in a real-time system for failure detection and early warning. The result of validation is compatible with the design expectation. Finally an accurate failure detection and early warning system is built and tested successfully.

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Книги з теми "Electric power distribution Safety measures"

Protection against overcurrent. 6th ed. Stevenage: IET, 2012.

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Force, Washington (State) Electric Transmission Research Needs Task. Electric and magnetic field reduction: Research needs. [Olympia, Wash.]: The Task Force, 1992.

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The Guidebook for linemen and cablemen. 2nd ed. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, Cengage Learning, 2012.

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Baranowsky, P. W. Evaluation of station blackout accidents at nuclear power plants: Technical findings related to unresolved safety issue A-44, final report. Washington, DC: Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1988.

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Baranowsky, P. W. Evaluation of station blackout accidents at nuclear power plants: Technical findings related to unresolved safety issue A-44 : draft report for comment. Washington, D.C: Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1985.

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Stake, Mike M. Evaluating diverter effectiveness in reducing avian collisions with distribution lines at San Luis National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Merced County, California: PIER final project report. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2009.

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Virginia. General Assembly. Joint Subcommittee Studying the Health and Safety Effects of High Voltage Transmission Lines. Report of the Joint Subcommittee Studying the Health and Safety Effects of High Voltage Transmission Lines to the governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond: Commonwealth of Virginia, 1985.

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Knowles, J. B. Nuclear electric power: Safety, operation and control aspects. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2013.

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Seminar, on EHV Transformer Failure Rising Trend Causes &. Remedial Measures (1998 Jabalpur India). Seminar on EHV Transformer Failure: Rising Trend, Causes & Remedial Measures. [New Delhi: Central Board of Irrigation & Power, 1998.

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Moore, Howard E. Power line fire prevention field guide. [Sacramento, Calif: State of California, Dept. of Forestry, 1985.

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Частини книг з теми "Electric power distribution Safety measures"

Gentilal, Nichal, Ariel Naveh, Tal Marciano, Zeev Bomzon, Yevgeniy Telepinsky, Yoram Wasserman, and Pedro Cavaleiro Miranda. "The Impact of Scalp’s Temperature in the Predicted LMiPD in the Tumor During TTFields Treatment for Glioblastoma Multiforme." In Brain and Human Body Modelling 2021, 3–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15451-5_1.

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AbstractTumor Treating Fields (TTFields) is a cancer treatment technique used for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). It consists in the application of an electric field (EF) in two perpendicular directions alternately by placing transducer arrays on the patient’s scalp. In-vitro studies showed that the higher the electric field in the tumor, the better are the outcomes of the therapy. Therefore, these arrays are strategically placed in positions that can optimize the EF, based on the results of computational simulations. However, due to the required daily usage of this technique, at least 18 hours per day, the temperature of head tissues increases inevitably. To ensure patient’s safety, the temperature of the scalp is monitored and kept around 39.5 °C by changing the injected current, which consequently changes the EF in the tumor. In this work, we studied the impact that accounting for the temperature of the scalp might have in the choice of which layout should be used during TTFields planning. We used both a simplified and a realistic head model in our studies. We solved Laplace’s equation for the electric potential and Pennes’ equation for the temperature distribution using COMSOL Multiphysics. The electric field in the tumor was evaluated using the local minimum power density (LMiPD) both when the temperature of the scalp was considered in treatment planning and when it was not. We concluded that the values of the LMiPD significantly decrease when the temperature is considered. Furthermore, layouts in which two pairs of different arrays are very close to each other lead to the appearance of a common temperature hotspot, and consequently to the most significant variations in the predicted LMiPD values. In future, TTFields treatment planning studies, considering the temperature of the scalp might be beneficial to improve the predictions of treatment effectiveness.

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"Grounding and Safety." In Electric Power Distribution Handbook. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203486504.ch13.

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Short, T. A. "Grounding and Safety." In Electric Power Distribution Handbook, 725–95. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16747-14.

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Lagerlund, Terrence D., and Brian Nils Lundstrom. "Electrical Safety." In Clinical Neurophysiology, edited by Devon I. Rubin, 1051—C59.P104. 5th ed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190067854.003.0060.

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Abstract Electrical Safety reviews procedures and standards used to ensure the safety of patients undergoing clinical neurophysiologic studies and of technicians or others performing studies from the standpoint of avoiding electrical shock or injury, as well as safety considerations for electrical stimulation of neural tissue. Electric power distribution in a hospital or clinic and mechanisms of electric shock are discussed, including factors increasing the risk of electric shock in hospitals. Leakage current is defined, and the mechanisms by which leakage current reaches patients and methods to reduce leakage current are discussed. Equipment grounding principles are explained. Tests for equipment grounding and leakage current are described, and rules and procedures to ensure electrical safety are specified. Safety considerations for electrical stimulation near pacemakers and implanted electrical devices are discussed, as well as safety considerations for transcranial electric and magnetic stimulation and for cortical and deep brain stimulation.

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Zhan, Ruifeng, Yuying Hu, Fan Li, Zhou Mi, and Lingpeng Dong. "Influence of HVDC Transmission on DC Bias of AC Grid and Its Treatment." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210306.

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With the rapid development of China’s electric power industry, the high-voltage and long-distance direct current (DC) transmission effectively solved the problem of uneven power distribution. When the high voltage direct current transmission is in unipolar operation or bipolar asymmetric operation, part of the DC current will flow into the transformer winding through the grounded neutral point, which will cause the DC bias problem. This article used CDEGS software for modeling, and introduced the process of CDEGS software for DC bias simulation modeling. In this paper, the DC bias model of regional power grid is first established, based on the Zhejiang power grid topology and the test soil resistivity date. Then the DC bias currents of the transformers are calculated, and finally the corresponding treatment measures are proposed. According to the governance measures, this article adjusted the simulation model. The calculation results show that the treatment measures have good effects, which can provide an important reference for the future treatment of transformer DC bias.

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Zangrandi, Matteo, Valerio Ruggiero, and Gian Piero Repetti. "Proposal of a Coastal Ferry Using Last Hybrid Technology for Green Transportation in Touristic Areas." In Progress in Marine Science and Technology. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/pmst220056.

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The coastal passenger transport in touristic areas like Costa Smeralda (Sardinia), Cinque terre (Liguria), Costiera Amalfitana (Campania), Venetian Lagoon (Veneto) and others, is constantly growing. At the same time, the sensitivity of authorities to the issue of environmental impact in those areas is leading the transportation companies to investigate technical solutions that can guarantee high volumes of passenger being as much as possible eco-friendly. Hybrid or full electric passenger vessels are becoming more and more popular, starting from this assumption the authors examined the possibility to combine state of art technologies, with an innovative approach to match the propulsion system with hull resistance data, in order to propose a passenger ferry capable to operate in protected areas with an extremely low impact on the environment and taking advantage also from a basic energy distribution ashore. The usage of new generation batteries, with the highest safety standards, will be also investigated. The paper starts from the determination of the operative profile for the ferry, evaluating the best solution in terms of efficiency and power management, considering the resistance data of various hulls, focusing on a traditional displacement hull, and then developing a study of the propulsion system through the usage of last generation generators with variable speed and batteries different from traditional Li-Fe-PO4, in order to achieve a high efficiency level.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Electric power distribution Safety measures"

Yan, Qingtao, Bin Wang, and Zhifeng Ye. "Multi-Physical Coupled Simulation on Fuel Cooling Shell of Electric Fuel Pump." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73190.

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Abstract In commercial aviation industry, reduction of aircraft emissions is an urgent priority. Engine manufacturers in particular have worked long and hard to improve each component of the engine. MEE (More Electric Engine) is a new engine system concept that seeks engine efficiency improvements and emissions reduction in fuel burn and CO2. The key concept of the MEE involves the architecture for the electrical power generation by the engine and changing the power source for accessories from mechanical/hydraulic to a fault-tolerant electric motor. Due to its contribution to fuel burn reduction, electrification of the engine fuel pump system is a primary issue. The MEE motor-driven fuel pump is usually called electric fuel pump. There are several technical challenges for the design of the pump, including high power-weight-ratio and reliability. However, when the electric fuel pump delivers and regulates fuel into the combustor, the motor-driven pump generates much heat especially at high delivery pressure or flow rate, which deteriorates the running condition, life, and safety of the pump and even the engine. Thus, it is an urgent need to take reasonable heat dissipation measures for the motor cooling. Modeling techniques and characteristic study for heat dissipation is indispensable to cooling scheme design and optimization. Heat dissipation of the motor mainly involves heat generation calculation and heat dissipation scheme. It is necessary to minimize the heat generated by the motor loss. On the other hand, it is also necessary to improve the heat dissipation capacity of the motor as much as possible from the perspective of cooling performance. In order to obtain accurate heat dissipation characteristics of a fuel-cooling shell of an electric fuel pump, a multi-physical coupled model is built. The heat dissipation characteristics of the shell are numerically simulated under typical conditions. The results show that the loss of the stator/rotor core increases proportionally with the rotation speed, while the permanent magnet loss increases exponentially with the rotation speed. The temperature distribution of each part of the permanent magnet motor and fuel cooling shell is obtained. The fuel flow rate through the shell directly impacts the heat dissipation intensity, but the dissipation efficiency decreases with the increase of the flow rate. Based on the multi-physical coupled model, the effects of different parameters on the cooling are obtained, which proves the necessity of the model proposed in the paper when characterizing the heat distribution inside the pump.

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Garzón, Jorge, José Carlos Hidalgo, Federico Jorreto, Patricia Cara, and Joaquín Ramos. "EMFRail: A Tool to Calculate Rail Traction Electromagnetic Fields." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2201.

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EMC/EMI is a source of concern from the beginning of planning a new railway line. High powered electrified railways such as HSR are usually AC electrified. This poses a hazard for nearby systems and users. Induced voltages can create electric shock risks or malfunction in signalling or other nearby systems. LRTs, metro lines or commuter systems are usually DC fed and can be located near electromagnetic sensitive equipment such as MRI equipment in hospitals or research equipment — such as electron microscopes — in campuses or laboratories. EMF calculation and impact assessment in early phases of the project rely on simulation and expertise in these complex multi system interrelations. Rail traction creates EM fields which tend to decrease rapidly as the distance from the track axis increases. However, considerations about passengers, workforce and public safety and system compatibility are always needed. As an example, transient currents in DC rail, especially due to short circuits or arcs can interfere with nearby equipment. Even semi steady state DC currents associated with normal operation of the line (traction and breaking currents) present EMC related hazards that need to be assessed in order to evaluate if mitigation measures for associated risks are needed. AECOM’s Madrid Transportation Design Center has developed a tool that provides 3D EMF calculations for railway lines, either AC or DC. This tool, called EMFRail, can deliver EMF estimations based on power load supply simulations considering alignment, separation between tracks, geometry of the electrification system (OCS, third rail), rolling stock mechanical and electric features as well as regenerative braking in order to provide decision support information to make educated project decisions from the beginning of the design. Regenerative braking is a common energy saving tool for railways these days, but has posed new EMF hazards since currents sent back to the OCS can be bigger than those related to traction and this process can occur in different locations of the line (usually when the train is decelerating from maximum speed). This tool can calculate both magnetic and electrical fields for traction frequencies. This tool has been used in several LRT and rail projects providing insightful information to adopt mitigation measures such as underground feeders or operational limitations. EMFRail can simulate mitigation measures for challenging situations such as EMF caused by semi steady state maximum currents (prior to the trip of protection systems). EMFRail can also provide EMF calculations for transmission or distribution power lines once the required current or voltage values (module and phase) are known as well as the position of the different conductors (OCS wires, feeders, rails) of the line under study. EMFRail is developed using MatLab programming suite taking advantage of matrix operation capabilities. Output results are isocurves that can be superimposed to a raised view drawing, 3D contours for specific magnetic field values or even time animated frames to understand worst case scenarios that sometimes are not easy to foresee based on common assumptions.

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Lu, Liping, Juan Liu, Danping Zou, Shishuai Zhang, Yuchun Chen, and Keqi Zhu. "Safety Risk Analysis and Safety Protection Measures of Power Distribution Internet of Things." In 2021 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciced50259.2021.9556815.

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Monsalve, Mauricio, and Juan Carlos de la Llera. "Identifying Critical Components in Power Distribution Networks using Graph Theoretical Measures." In Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2724-3_0662-cd.

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Kolak, John J. "An Electical Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis Primer: Reducing Arc-Flash Hazard Exposures Through Engineering Controls." In ASME 2007 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2007-5307.

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The problem of electrical workers being injured or killed by electrical arcs and blasts is one of the most significant safety issues in the industry today. Accident data reveals that over 2,000 people are severely burned annually by electrical arc blasts on the job (1) and many others receive less severe burns that still result in significant pain and suffering to the victim. The purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of the arc-flash hazard analysis (AFHA) process and general guidance for those organizations wishing to integrate AFHA into their overall electrical safety program. The electric utility industry was the first non-academic group to study arc-flash hazards (AFH) when they noted that electrical workers often received the most severe burns from their clothing igniting and continuing to burn long after the initiating arc had extinguished. In particular, man-made fibers such as polyester, nylon, and rayon were known to melt and stick to the worker’s skin following an AF, and this resulted in burns many times worse than had the injured worker been wearing no clothing at all (2). Subsequent studies were performed by private organizations and they impacted both the engineering and safe work practices associated with industrial plant operations. The primary standards or studies included: • IEEE 1584 Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations • NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.269: Electrical Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution Standard Of these documents, the IEEE 1584 Guide was most influential to engineers because it provided formulas for calculating incident energy levels, arc-flash protection boundaries, and a host of other important variables necessary to evaluate AFH in the work place. The term ‘incident energy’ refers to the amount of heat concentrated per unit-area of the skin. Incident energy is measured in calories per square centimeter (cal/cm2) of skin surface area. For reference, a value of 1.2 cal/cm2 will result in a second-degree burn of human skin (3). The principal reason why AFHA is necessary is that studies revealed that electrical arcs are somewhat unpredictable events (4), and there were many cases where seemingly innocuous energy sources (small transformers) produced incident energy levels that far exceeded the limitations of flame resistant (FR) clothing or other forms of personal protective equipment. It became obvious that the best method for protecting employees from AFH would be to evaluate the hazard level and then mitigate it through the use of engineering controls. Paper published with permission.

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Santos, Valter, Adelino J. C. Pereira, and C. M. Machado Ferreira. "Effective and simple measures to improve the Electric Power Distribution systems service continuity." In 2014 49th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/upec.2014.6934767.

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Xia, Yanfeng, Zhenyu Shi, Yanan Li, Yunpeng Feng, and Zhilin Xu. "Dynamic Analysis and Control Measures of Distribution Network Voltage with Electric Arc Furnace." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Power Data Science (ICPDS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpds47662.2019.9017177.

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Bellani, Luca, Roberto Mascherona, Michele Compare, Enrico Zio, Gaetano Iannarelli, Vittorio Giarola, Andrea Ruffini, et al. "A Risk-based Diagnostic Campaign Optimization for Electric Power Distribution Networks." In Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-14-8593-0_3703-cd.

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Sheng, Haihua, Jianli Shi, Qunhui Qiu, Weijian Jiang, and Juntao Niu. "The warning strategy research on safety measures of smart substation according to correlation model." In 2015 5th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drpt.2015.7432394.

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de Vasconcelos, F. M., C. F. M. Almeida, S. R. Gualtieri, L. A. Danesin, N. Kagan, L. H. Cruz, D. Mollica, V. R. de S. Demuner, A. Dominice, and J. S. Filho. "Wearable Sensing for Work Safety and Occupational Health Applied to an Electric Power Distributor." In CIRED 2021 - The 26th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1843.

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