Готові списки джерел за темами / Electoral mathematics

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Electoral mathematics"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Electoral mathematics"

1

Schofield, Norman, Christopher Claassen, Ugur Ozdemir, and Alexei Zakharov. "Application of a Theorem in Stochastic Models of Elections." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2010 (2010): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/562813.

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Previous empirical research has developed stochastic electoral models for Israel, Turkey, and other polities. The work suggests thatconvergence to an electoral center(often predicted by electoral models) is a nongeneric phenomenon. In an attempt to explain nonconvergence, a formal model based onintrinsic valenceis presented. This theory showed that there are necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence. The necessary condition is that a convergence coefficientcis bounded above by the dimensionwof the policy space, while a sufficient condition is that the coefficient is bounded above by 1. This coefficient is defined in terms of the difference in exogenous valences, the “spatial coefficient”, and the electoral variance. The theoretical model is then applied to empirical analyses of elections in the United States and Britain. These empirical models include sociodemographic valence and electoral perceptions of character trait. It is shown that the model implies convergence to positions close to the electoral origin. To explain party divergence, the model is then extended to incorporate activist valences. This extension gives a first-orderbalance conditionthat allows the party to calculate the optimal marginal condition to maximize vote share. We argue that the equilibrium positions of presidential candidates in US elections and by party leaders in British elections are principally due to the influence of activists, rather than the centripetal effect of the electorate.
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2

KAPUR, J. N., C. R. BECTOR, and UMA KUMAR. "Mathematical Modelling of Electoral Systems." Teaching Mathematics and its Applications 6, no. 4 (1987): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/teamat/6.4.184.

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3

Stevens, Alexis, and John Stevens. "Using Mathematics to Elect the U.S. President." Mathematics Teacher 110, no. 3 (October 2016): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacher.110.3.0192.

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4

McLean, Iain. "The Jenkins Commission and the Implications of Electoral Reform for the UK Constitution." Government and Opposition 34, no. 2 (April 1999): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1999.tb00475.x.

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THERE ARE TWO MAIN CONCEPTIONS OF ‘REPRESENTATION’ IN democratic theory, and they are not wholly compatible. All democratic electoral systems implicitly appeal to one or the other conception of representation. Therefore, the nature of an ideal electoral system is an essentially contested question. Furthermore, the mathematics of social choice sets severe limits on what an electoral system — any electoral system — can achieve. Though the implications of social choice are not so nihilistic as some would have us believe, they are relevant and serious.
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5

Westbrooke, Ian, and Michael Ryan. "Applications: The Mathematics of Electoral District Allocation in New Zealand." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics 44, no. 3 (September 2002): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-842x.00229.

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6

Ocaña, Francisco A. "An approximation problem in computing electoral volatility." Applied Mathematics and Computation 192, no. 2 (September 2007): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2007.03.032.

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7

Sokoh, Gbosien Chris. "Ethnic Politics and Electoral Violence in Nigeria: A Study of the South-South Geopolitical Zone." Humanities and Social Sciences: Latvia 29, no. 2 (December 2021): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/hssl.29.2.07.

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The Nigerian state since political independence in 1960 has been basking in the euphoria of ethnic politics and electoral violence. Each ethnic nationality in Nigeria has its own culture, interest, aspiration, language and faith and these factors seems to affect the socio-economic and political fate of each group, make identification with the nation a problematic task and exacerbate the difficulty in attaining credible elections a true democracy in the society. Against this backdrop, this study examined the relationship and the effect of ethnic politics on electoral violence in the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. A cross sectional research designed was adopted and data was collected via a survey of six hundred (600) respondents. Data collected were analysed using simple percentages, correlation, and linear regression analysis with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. The results of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between ethnic politics and electoral violence in the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The study also showed that ethnic politics exerts a positive and statistically significant impact on electoral violence in the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study concludes that ethnic politics has significant influence on electoral violence in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends, among other things, that Nigerian political leaders should place Nigerian citizens at the centre of their political project without recourse to ethnic chauvinism and the acquisition of political power as a means for serving the collective interest of the citizens irrespective of their ethnic origin. This will go a long way to reduce electoral violence in Nigeria, especially in the south-south geopolitical zone.
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8

Stuart, Christopher. "Generating Functions and the Electoral College." College Mathematics Journal 32, no. 5 (November 2001): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2687316.

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9

Balatif, O., L. Boujallal, A. Labzai, and M. Rachik. "Stability Analysis of a Fractional-Order Model for Abstinence Behavior of Registration on the Electoral Lists." International Journal of Differential Equations 2020 (June 22, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4325640.

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In this work, we propose a fractional-order model that describes the dynamics of citizens who have the right to register on the electoral lists and the negative influence of abstainers on the potential electors. By using Routh–Hurwitz criteria and constructing Lyapunov functions, the local and the global stability of abstaining-free equilibrium and abstaining equilibrium are obtained. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical analysis, and they are given for different parameter setting of the order of derivative α.
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10

Arredondo, Verónica, Miguel Martínez-Panero, Antonio Palomares, Teresa Peña, and Victoriano Ramírez. "New indexes for measuring electoral disproportionality." Revista Electrónica de Comunicaciones y Trabajos de ASEPUMA 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24309/recta.2020.21.2.05.

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The number of representatives obtained by each political party in an electoral process must be a whole number. So, the percentage of votes for each party usually differs from the corresponding percentage of seats, forcing a certain unavoidable disproportionality. On the other hand, different elements of the electoral system (constituencies, thresholds, etc.) may produce some avoidable disproportionality. Those indexes traditionally used to analyse disproportionality take into account an unreachable exact proportionality as a reference. Instead, our more realistic approach quantifies distortions from a specific allotment, namely the seat distribution obtained when applying a proportional method to the total votes (that is, as if it were a unique constituency, without electoral thresholds or incentives to the winning party). Hence, we measure the avoidable disproportionality associated with such method. Unlike traditional indexes, we propose indexes associated with proportional allotment methods that can be zero in real situations. They are simple to calculate and allow us to decipher the number of seats assigned beyond the inevitable disproportionality which arises from the constraint of whole numbers. We are particularly interested in the indexes associated with Jefferson and Webster methods, which are compared to Gallagher, Loosemore-Hanby and Sainte-Laguë indexes for the results of 55 elections held in several countries.
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Дисертації з теми "Electoral mathematics"

1

Zunis, Anthony Alan. "A Game Theoretic Analysis and Simulation of Non-Incumbent Elections." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1396541701.

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2

Briggs, Casey. "Using Aggregated Demographic Data To Inform Electoral Boundary Redistributions: 2010 South Australian Election." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/94479.

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Electoral boundaries in South Australia are currently a contentious issue in politics, with allegations that the current boundaries are unfair. South Australia has fairness provisions that are unique in Australia governing the boundaries of electoral districts. However, in three of the last six state elections, the objective of fairness as characterised by these provisions has not been met. Boundaries are drawn by the independent Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission, and are revised after every general election in South Australia. The Commission's method uses estimates for the voting behaviours in small areas to inform the decisions about boundary changes. The objective of this thesis is to develop an alternative method for calculating these estimates, and test the credibility of the resultant estimates from our new method. We develop a series of gradually refined regression models that use demographic data in South Australia to predict voting behaviour. The demographic data is sourced from the periodical Census of Population and Housing. In this research we also test the proposition that income, education level, and the language people speak at home are significant factors in their voting behaviour, at an aggregated group level. We contend that the predictions calculated under the preferred model in this thesis are credible, and that the techniques used warrant further exploration.
Thesis(M.Phil)-- University of Adelaide, School of Mathematical Sciences, 2015
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Книги з теми "Electoral mathematics"

1

Pietro, Grilli Di Cortona, and Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics., eds. Evaluation and optimization of electoral systems. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1999.

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2

Felsenthal, Dan S. Electoral Systems: Paradoxes, Assumptions, and Procedures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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3

Rae, Douglas W. El sistema electoral español: Quince años de experiencia. Madrid: McGraw-Hill, 1993.

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4

Grossman, Gene M. Electoral competition and special interest politics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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5

Shepsle, Kenneth A. Models of multiparty electoral competition. Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1991.

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6

Weber, Shlomo. On existence of a fixed-number equilibrium in a multiparty electoral system. Toronto: York University, Dept. of Economics, 1990.

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7

Weber, Shlomo. An equilibrium in electoral competition with entry costs. Toronto: York University, 1992.

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8

Oberholzer-Gee, Felix. Electoral acceleration: The effect of minority population on minority voter turnout. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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9

Las formas de medición del fenómeno político: La causalidad en las preferencias electorales, sistemas electorales y la democracia. [Puebla]: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales, 2010.

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10

America's Electoral College: Choosing the President comparing and analyzing charts, graphs, and tables. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 2006.

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Частини книг з теми "Electoral mathematics"

1

"Evaluating fairness in electoral districting." In Mathematics for Social Justice, 91–104. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/clrm/060/09.

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2

Chakravorty, Sanjoy. "Land Acquisition in India." In Seeking Middle Ground, 73–94. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199495450.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the contentious issue of land acquisition in India, focusing on the deeply regressive system in operation from independence to the mid-2000s that caused wipeouts for millions of families, the flash of resistance to acquisitions starting around 2006–7, the creation of a new law in 2013 to enhance justice and rights, and an attempt in 2014–15 to amend that new law. The central questions that arise from this process are: why did a regressive system last so long? and, why did it die in the last decade? These are best answered in a political-economy framework in which increasing political competition has challenged the electoral mathematics of ‘majoritarianism’ and increased the viability of ‘wedge issue’ politics.
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3

Foley, Edward B. "The Jeffersonian Electoral College in the Nineteenth Century." In Presidential Elections and Majority Rule, 49–88. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190060152.003.0004.

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The Jeffersonian Electoral College performed as expected until, after the rise of Andrew Jackson, plurality winner-take-all became the prevailing method among states for appointing electors. Even then, the Jeffersonian Electoral College has usually operated consistently with the compound version of majority rule that the Jeffersonians had in mind. Using a mathematical measure, one can identify which elections clearly comply with the Jeffersonian conception of compound majority rule and which, by contrast, require further analysis to confirm their conformity to majoritarian principles. Undertaking this analysis, only two elections in nineteenth century—1844 and 1884—clearly contravene the Jeffersonian expectation for how the system was supposed to work. Of the two, the so-called accident of 1844 was hugely consequential for the rest of American history: the winner, James Polk, took the nation to war against Mexico in order to expand territory, particularly for slavery, according to his vision of Manifest Destiny.
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4

Faragher, Megan. "The Gender of Public Opinion." In Public Opinion Polling in Mid-Century British Literature, 132–73. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898975.003.0005.

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As contributors to Mass-Observation, Naomi Mitchison and Celia Fremlin emphasize the important, and often undervalued, role of qualitative analysis in the assessment of public opinion throughout their fiction. While the British Institute for Public Opinion often excluded women as both researchers and research subjects, Mass-Observation’s (M-O) structure was more open to input from women as both observers and subjects of observation. After she touted the political value of mathematics in her Greek-inspired short story collection The Delicate Fire, Mitchison uses her novel We Have Been Warned to imbue more skepticism about the egalitarian value of statistical analysis; the protagonist, Dione Galton, learns only too late that her own instincts about the rise of fascism in England, ventriloquized through the ghost Green Jean, were far more accurate than the polling cards she used to predict her husband’s eventual electoral defeat. Likewise, Celia Fremlin’s postwar novel, The Hours Before Dawn, validates the supposedly irrational fears of her protagonist, Louise Henderson, who must contend with patronizing experts in her effort to thwart the violent impulses of her new tenant Vera Brandon. Both novels, influenced by the authors’ experiences working for M-O, contend that quantitative analysis alone is insufficient to capture the complexity of women’s wartime experiences. This chapter argues that the contributions of M-O researchers and novelists like Fremlin and Mitchison present the possibility of a road untrodden in the history of social psychology research, as the fetishizaton of data over experience eventually drowned out the possibilities of more holistic and qualitative methods.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Electoral mathematics"

1

Konstantinov, Mihail M., Galina B. Pelova, Juliana K. Boneva, George Venkov, Ralitza Kovacheva, and Vesela Pasheva. "MATHEMATICS OF THE BULGARIAN ELECTORAL SYSTEM." In 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “APPLICATIONS OF MATHEMATICS IN ENGINEERING AND ECONOMICS”: AMEE-2009. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3271620.

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2

Konstantinov, M. M., and Michail D. Todorov. "Mathematical Aspects of Electoral Systems." In APPLICATIONS OF MATHEMATICS IN ENGINEERING AND ECONOMICS' 33: 33rd International Conference. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2806039.

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3

Tsitouras, Ch, Theodore E. Simos, George Psihoyios, and Ch Tsitouras. "Greek Electoral System: Optimal Distribution of the Seats." In Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2790205.

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4

Konstantinov, Mihail, Kostadin Yanev, Galina Pelova, and Juliana Boneva. "Optimization problems in the Bulgarian electoral system." In 39TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE APPLICATIONS OF MATHEMATICS IN ENGINEERING AND ECONOMICS AMEE13. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4854742.

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5

Chen, Lin, Lei Xu, Shouhuai Xu, Zhimin Gao, and Weidong Shi. "Election with Bribe-Effect Uncertainty: A Dichotomy Result." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/23.

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We consider the electoral bribery problem in computational social choice. In this context, extensive studies have been carried out to analyze the computational vulnerability of various voting (or election) rules. However, essentially all prior studies assume a deterministic model where each voter has an associated threshold value, which is used as follows. A voter will take a bribe and vote according to the attacker's (i.e., briber's) preference when the amount of the bribe is above the threshold, and a voter will not take a bribe when the amount of the bribe is not above the threshold (in this case, the voter will vote according to its own preference, rather than the attacker's). In this paper, we initiate the study of a more realistic model where each voter is associated with a willingness function, rather than a fixed threshold value. The willingness function characterizes the likelihood a bribed voter would vote according to the attacker's preference; we call this bribe-effect uncertainty. We characterize the computational complexity of the electoral bribery problem in this new model. In particular, we discover a dichotomy result: a certain mathematical property of the willingness function dictates whether or not the computational hardness can serve as a deterrence to bribery attackers.
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6

Podlazov, Andrey Viktorovich. "Reconstruction of falsified election results using Shpilkin integral method." In 4th International Conference “Futurity designing. Digital reality problems”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/future-2021-18.

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I propose a simple and formal method to reconstruct falsified election results, based on the hypothesis of the mutual independence of the overall turnout and the result of power. This method is a development of the classical method of S.A. Shpilkin, however, it does not require additional assumptions and has no free parameters. In addition, it uniformly reconstructs all key values and uses a simpler and clearer mathematical procedure. Comparison of official and true results of federal elections allows to perform a political science analysis of the development of the institution of electoral frauds in Russia in the 20th century and its impact on the political system.
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