Добірка наукової літератури з теми "EFFECTIVE SINGLE MODE"

The strategy of flexicurity was adopted as a model by the European Union and proposed to all the Member States as a solution for addressing the challenges connected with the competitiveness and instability of the markets, with a view to enhancing employment levels and maintaining social cohesion. The various contributions in this book analyse the concept of flexicurity and its effective feasibility in different institutional contexts, in particular Italy and Spain and – at regional level – in Tuscany and Catalonia. The consequence of the variety of employment and social security models is that the meanings and manifestations of flexicurity are highly divergent, even in cases as analogous as Spain and Italy, since the different contexts generate significant differences. The overall analysis demonstrates that the forms of regulation and organisation of the social institutions, and their complementary nature, have a major impact on the relations between forms of flexibility and security, and do not always give rise to the virtuous process of flexicurity.

This article examines the interrelationships among poverty rates, inequality, and nonmarital family structures, focusing on households with a never-married parent, usually the mother, or with cohabiting parents. It first considers marriage and fertility patterns around the world and how these patterns exhibit characteristics of the so-called second demographic transition in which marriage and fertility have become increasingly disconnected. It then discusses the reasons why nonmarital families tend to be poorer than marital families and also why the correlation between poverty and nonmarital family structures does not causally explain between- or within-country variation in poverty rates. It also describes some methods for addressing high poverty rates among nonmarital household structures, arguing that policies other than marriage promotion would be far more effective at reducing poverty for nonmarital households. The article concludes with an assessment of some implications of nonmarital fertility for economic inequality.

This chapter considers how legal risk issues are dealt with outside the UK. Recent developments in law and policy, especially in the financial sector, have been influenced by the impact of globalization. The recent global financial crisis also triggered a new resolve at international, governmental level to seek more effective ways of achieving some measure of globally effective regulation for the financial markets. EU directives are currently (before Brexit takes effect) the single largest source of regulatory change in the London financial markets. Policymakers increasingly look at the comparative position in other similar countries to address the need for English law to remain in step with international developments that assist with the efficient functioning of a financial market wishing to attract international financial institutions and their clients.

Trauma can leave a lasting impact on survivors. Some survivors are haunted by intrusive memories; avoid people, places, and situations related to the trauma; and feel constantly on edge due to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related posttrauma reactions. Effective treatment can help survivors suffering with PTSD to process the trauma and no longer feel haunted by traumatic experiences from their past. Prolonged exposure (PE) therapy is a highly effective, flexible, individualized psychotherapy that reduces the symptoms of PTSD. PE is the most widely studied treatment for PTSD, with more than 100 studies showing its efficacy and effectiveness in PTSD and comorbid patient populations affected by single-incident and multiple-incident traumas of all types (e.g., combat, sexual assault, etc.). This manual presents a PE protocol for use in residential and massed programs to provide an innovative new model of care that provides excellent retention and transformational symptom outcomes. Providers are presented with the elements of the PE protocol along with all the logistics for how to provide PE in an intensive outpatient program. Variations and considerations for implementation are presented to allow providers designing programs to consider what best fits their patient population and setting. Patient and provider forms are included for use.

Across Africa, the term chief has been—and still is—used to describe individuals whose status and influence is extremely diverse; no single analytical model can explain the multiple phenomena of ‘chieftaincy’. But a broad pattern can be observed. Across much of the continent, individuals who possessed political authority in precolonial societies did so most effectively not by monopolizing a single kind of power, but by dealing in multiple forms of powerful knowledge. In the colonial period and subsequently, this brokering of knowledge has acquired a new productive potency, serving as a means to both mediate and reproduce a distinction between tradition on the one hand and the state on the other.

Chapter 11 employs variational differential techniques and the Schwinger Action Principle to derive coupled-field Green’s function equations for a multi-component system, modeled as an interacting electron-hole-phonon system. The coupled Fermion Green’s function equations involve five interactions (electron-electron, hole-hole, electron-hole, electron-phonon, and hole-phonon). Starting with quantum Hamilton equations of motion for the various electron/hole creation/annihilation operators and their nonequilibrium average/expectation values, variational differentiation with respect to particle sources leads to a chain of coupled Green’s function equations involving differing species of Green’s functions. For example, the 1-electron Green’s function equation is coupled to the 2-electron Green’s function (as earlier), also to the 1-electron/1-hole Green’s function, and to the Green’s function for 1-electron propagation influenced by a nontrivial phonon field. Similar remarks apply to the 1-hole Green’s function equation, and all others. Higher order Green’s function equations are derived by further variational differentiation with respect to sources, yielding additional couplings. Chapter 11 also introduces the 1-phonon Green’s function, emphasizing the role of electron coupling in phonon propagation, leading to dynamic, nonlocal electron screening of the phonon spectrum and hybridization of the ion and electron plasmons, a Bohm-Staver phonon mode, and the Kohn anomaly. Furthermore, the single-electron Green’s function with only phonon coupling can be rewritten, as usual, coupled to the 2-electron Green’s function with an effective time-dependent electron-electron interaction potential mediated by the 1-phonon Green’s function, leading to the polaron as an electron propagating jointly with its induced lattice polarization. An alternative formulation of the coupled Green’s function equations for the electron-hole-phonon model is applied in the development of a generalized shielded potential approximation, analysing its inverse dielectric screening response function and associated hybridized collective modes. A brief discussion of the (theoretical) origin of the exciton-plasmon interaction follows.

This book discusses the local effects of globalisation, especially in the context of social work, health and practical theology, as well as the challenges of higher education in a troubled world. The more globalised the world becomes, the more important local identities are. The global becomes effective in the local sphere. This phenomenon, called ‘glocalisation’ since the 1990s, poses many challenges to people and to the social structures in which they operate.

♦ 50% of RA patients have elbow involvement♦ Females affected 3 times more than males♦ Peak incidence 60-70 years of age♦ Radiological severity assessed using the Larson radiological grading system♦ No single test used to diagnose RA♦ The management of RA requires a multidisciplinary approach♦ Anti-TNF drugs are used when disease-modifying agent combinations have failed to control symptoms♦ Intra-articular and intramuscular cortisone is an effective way of controlling fl are-ups♦ Total elbow arthroplasty is indicated in severe RA where there is failure of medical management to control symptoms♦ 10 year survival rates of total elbow replacement between 80 % (unlinked) and 92 % (linked).

Psychological disturbances occur throughout Type1 diabetes, from diagnosis to the experience of late tissue complications. Serious life events may precipitate diabetes onset. All parents of newly diagnosed children report stress. Poor glycaemic control is associated with suboptimal school performance, but children do not consider their own quality of life to be poor. Depression during adolescence is no more common than in the background population. Single parenthood and minority ethnicity are associated with worse glycaemic outcomes. Poor glycaemia associated with poor family functioning can be helped by family-based interventions. Eating disorders are not more frequent in diabetes, but disordered eating and insulin omission are prevalent, the last associated with increased mortality. Depression is common, often severe, undiagnosed, and associated with maternal depression. Non-pharmacological treatment is more effective than antidepressants. Diabetic complications increase the risk of depression 2- to 3-fold, and all depressive disorders may increase mortality in people with foot ulceration.

Large intracranial lesions are among the most complex and dangerous lesions encountered by neurosurgeons, and a single neurosurgical approach often does not provide a large or safe enough corridor for effective treatment. A combined approach to these surgeries, incorporating open, endoscopic, vascular and keyhole techniques can be more successful. This comprehensive text describes in detail how to select the most appropriate approaches, as well as how to avoid any complications that may arise. High quality videos of the techniques described are available through an online version on Cambridge Core, accessible via the code printed on the inside of the cover. With over 150 colour images supporting the text, this is a definitive reference for anyone involved in intracranial tumor or vascular surgery.