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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Effect of imprisonment on"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 30 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Effect of imprisonment on"

Faani, Hadi Noruzi and Reza. "The effect of penalogical teaching on alternative penalties of imprisonment." International Academic Journal of Humanities 05, no. 01 (June 1, 2018): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajh/v5i1/1810021.

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Tamza, Fristia Berdian. "Prison Penalty In Providing A Determination Effect For Criminal Actions Of Corruption." Corruptio 3, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/corruptio.v3i2.2736.

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The case of corruption as a phenomenon of deviation from social, cultural, social and state life has many scientists and philosophers who study and criticize it. One of the world's famous philosophers is Aristotle who has formulated what he calls moral corruption. Moral corruption refers to various forms of constitution that have deviated, so that the rulers of the regime are included in the democratic system, no longer led by law, but no longer serving themselves. The problem in this research is How Effectiveness of Imprisonment for Criminal Acts of Corruption is? and Does Imprisonment Can Have a Deterrent Effect for Perpetrators of Criminal Acts of Corruption? This paper is a normative legal research. This normative legal research method is used because the approach in this paper is carried out by means of a case approach and a statute approach. The prison sentence is threatened for someone who has committed a crime. Imprisonment itself: life imprisonment and temporary imprisonment or imprisonment for a certain time. The temporary prison sentence is a minimum of one day and a maximum of fifteen years, however, the temporary imprisonment may be imposed for twenty years if the crime committed by a person is punishable by death or life imprisonment, or is threatened with imprisonment of 20 (twenty) years or if there is a combination of several criminal acts (samenlop) Should the perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption deserve the death penalty, because being given the death penalty will provide a deterrent effect and also be a lesson for others not to do the same thing (corruption). in general, almost no judges impose the death penalty because it is associated with aggravating or mitigating reasons and the mitigating factor is far more dominant in terms of the highest sentence limit, education, and others.

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Tarling, Roger. "Editorial: The Effect of Imprisonment on Crime." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 157, no. 2 (March 1994): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.1994.tb00562.x.

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Runwen, Wang, and Ye Chao. "Study on the effect of radiation imprisonment." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 1, no. 2 (April 1988): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.4650010205.

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Baay, Pieter, Marieke Liem, and Paul Nieuwbeerta. "“Ex-Imprisoned Homicide Offenders: Once Bitten, Twice Shy?” The Effect of the Length of Imprisonment on Recidivism for Homicide Offenders." Homicide Studies 16, no. 3 (June 20, 2012): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088767912450012.

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This study aims to examine recidivism patterns and the influence of imprisonment length for all homicide offenders who have been convicted in the Netherlands between 1996 and 2004. In addition, we tested whether imprisonment effects differed between homicide offenders with different characteristics. Analyses on 621 homicide offenders indicate that longer imprisonment systematically increases recidivism frequency, not recidivism speed. We find some indications that imprisonment length increases recidivism to a greater extent for offenders with an intimate partner, with a Western ethnic background and for offenders with a relatively shorter detention history prior to the homicide.

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Besemer, Kirsten L., Steve G. A. van de Weijer, and Susan M. Dennison. "Risk Marker or Risk Mechanism? The Effect of Family, Household, and Parental Imprisonment on Children and Adults’ Social Support and Mental Health." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 8 (June 27, 2018): 1154–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818782711.

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There is robust evidence of associations between parental imprisonment (PI) and a variety of harms to children, but the consequences of other forms of family imprisonment are largely unknown. Using Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA), a nationally representative Australian data set, this article looked at the direct effects of PI, household member imprisonment (HI), or close family member imprisonment (CFI) on the social support and mental health of nonincarcerated adults and young people. Recent PI, HI, or CFI had no association with social support. Recent CFI did increase men’s risk of poor mental health, but not women’s or young people’s. We consider the implications of these findings in the context of strong negative effects of paternal imprisonment on mothers in the United States.

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Ferrer, Marayca Lopez I. "The Effects of Imprisonment." Contemporary Justice Review 11, no. 4 (December 2008): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10282580802482819.

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Williams, Marian R. "The Effect of Pretrial Detention on Imprisonment Decisions." Criminal Justice Review 28, no. 2 (September 2003): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401680302800206.

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HAUSKEN, KJELL, and JOHN F. MOXNES. "THE DYNAMICS OF CRIME AND PUNISHMENT." International Journal of Modern Physics C 16, no. 11 (November 2005): 1701–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183105008229.

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This article analyzes crime development which is one of the largest threats in today's world, frequently referred to as the war on crime. The criminal commits crimes in his free time (when not in jail) according to a non-stationary Poisson process which accounts for fluctuations. Expected values and variances for crime development are determined. The deterrent effect of imprisonment follows from the amount of time in imprisonment. Each criminal maximizes expected utility defined as expected benefit (from crime) minus expected cost (imprisonment). A first-order differential equation of the criminal's utility-maximizing response to the given punishment policy is then developed. The analysis shows that if imprisonment is absent, criminal activity grows substantially. All else being equal, any equilibrium is unstable (labile), implying growth of criminal activity, unless imprisonment increases sufficiently as a function of criminal activity. This dynamic approach or perspective is quite interesting and has to our knowledge not been presented earlier. The empirical data material for crime intensity and imprisonment for Norway, England and Wales, and the US supports the model. Future crime development is shown to depend strongly on the societally chosen imprisonment policy. The model is intended as a valuable tool for policy makers who can envision arbitrarily sophisticated imprisonment functions and foresee the impact they have on crime development.

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Jaworska, Anetta, and Robert Parol. "Attitudes towards Work among Prison Inmates and the Long-Term Unemployed." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 52 (May 2015): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.52.61.

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The article includes an analysis of differences in attitudes towards work in conditions of imprisonment and among employed and long-term unemployed men not detained in prison.The results of the analysis showed a moderate interaction effect of the factors: imprisonment and unemployment (F (1.407) = 6.16, p <0.05, Eta 2 = 0.36). It turned out that the environment of prison isolation and unemployment are mutually related, and the least favorable attitudes towards were shown by the men serving imprisonment sentence, having at the same time no employment opportunities.

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Дисертації з теми "Effect of imprisonment on"

Bülow, William. "Ethics of Imprisonment : Essays in Criminal Justice Ethics." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-145357.

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This licentiate thesis consists of three essays which all concern the ethics of imprisonment and what constitutes an ethically defensible treatment of criminal offenders. Paper 1 defends the claim that prisoners have a right to privacy. I argue that the right to privacy is important because of its connection to moral agency. For that reasons is the protection of inmates’ right to privacy also warranted by different established philosophical theories about the justification of legal punishment. I discuss the practical implications of this argument. Ultimately I argue the invasion of privacy should be minimized to the greatest extent possible without compromising other important values and rights to safety and security. In defending this position, I argue that respect for inmates’ privacy should be part of the objective of creating and upholding a secure environment to better effect in the long run. Paper 2 discusses whether the collateral harm of imprisonment to the close family members and children of prison inmates may give rise to special moral obligations towards them. Several collateral harms, including decreased psychological wellbeing, financial costs, loss of economic opportunities, and intrusion and control over their private lives, are identified. Two competing perspectives in moral philosophy are applied in order to assess whether the harms are permissible. The first is consequentialist and the second is deontological, and it is argued that both of them fails and therefore it is hard to defend the position that allowing for these harms would be morally permissible, even for the sake of the overall aims of incarceration. Instead, it is argued that these harms imply that imprisonment should only be used as a last resort. Where it is necessary, imprisonment should give rise to special moral obligations towards families of prisoners. Using the notion of residual obligation, these obligations are defended, categorized and clarified. Paper 3 evaluates electronic monitoring (EM) from an ethical perspective and discusses whether it could be a promising alternative to imprisonment as a criminal sanction for a series of criminal offenses. EM evaluated from an ethical perspective as six initial ethical challenges are addressed and discussed. It is argued that since EM is developing as a technology and a punitive means, it is urgent to discuss its ethical implications and incorporate moral values into its design and development.

QC 20140519

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Githaiga, Sandra J. N. "The effect of varied instructions on prison guard role behaviour expectations." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/961.

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The Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) was conducted to determine the psychological and behavioural effects of adopting the roles of prisoners or prison guards. In various published research articles Zimbardo reported that he instructed the prison guards to maintain law and order (Haney, Banks, & Zimbardo, 1973). However, in the Quiet Rage video (Zimbardo, 1989), Zimbardo gave the prison guards additional detailed instructions. To examine the effects of these different instructions on expected prison guard role behaviour, first year Psychology students were requested to predict expected prison guard role behaviour under two different conditions. In the order condition, participants received the instructions used in published research articles. While in the fear condition, participants received the instructions from the Quiet Rage video (Zimbardo, 1989). Participants estimated the likelihood of 50 guard behaviours. Participants in the order condition predicted more pleasant behaviour, while participants in the fear condition predicted more unpleasant behaviours. This indicates that the different instructions influenced their intent to perform the different behaviours. There was no significant difference between the fear and order conditions, and the control behaviours. Participants in both the fear and order conditions rated the control items as expected prison guard role behaviour. Participants in both conditions indicated that they would behave in this manner. Gender had no significant influence on expected prison guard role behavior.

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Leymon, Mark Gregory Hannon 1979. ""Fixed" sentencing: The effects on imprisonment rates over time." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10906.

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xvii, 232 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
Beginning in the 1970s, states adopted sentencing reforms as a response to a growing number of concerns in the criminal justice system. These reforms included sentencing guidelines, statutory presumptive sentencing, determinate sentencing, truth in sentencing, and three strikes laws. Each reform has become an important part of the judicial system. These "fixed" reforms shifted sentencing from the indeterminate-rehabilitation sentencing model to a more predetermined-deterrence model. The reforms' main purpose is to limit judicial discretion by insuring convicted felons receive a reasonably standard sentence depending on the crime they committed. Few studies have attempted to systematically answer the question of whether these reforms produced the outcomes stated by their supporters. This analysis utilizes a social chain theory, which suggests the socio-political context of the law and order movement interacted with structural-procedural changes in the justice system that led to unintended consequences. The study assesses the effects of sentencing reforms on shifts in year-to-year changes in general incarceration rates, changes in the racial/ethnic composition of imprisonment, and changes in the gender composition of imprisonment. It also assesses the social, political, and demographic characteristics of states that change the rate of adoption of sentencing reforms across all 50 states from the years 1965 to 2008 on the aggregate state level. This study finds, counter to most previous findings, that sentencing reforms are associated with higher rates of imprisonment. The results further suggest mechanisms are at work that unintentionally "target" historically disadvantaged groups, perpetuating inequalities within the criminal justice system instead of easing them. This result is counter to some of the policies' stated goals. Conversely, the results suggest that drug arrest rates and not sentencing reforms are associated with the narrowing gender gap in imprisonment. Finally, the results indicate that state-level characteristics are important in predicting which states will adopt sentencing reforms. From a policy perspective, rapid changes in the composition of imprisonment can be a logistical and financial burden, and these results shed light onto the specific mechanisms causing a portion of the change. This dissertation includes previously unpublished co-authored material.
Committee in charge: Robert O Brien, Chairperson, Sociology; Jean Stockard, Member, Planning Public Policy & Mgmt; James Elliott, Member, Sociology; Hill Walker, Outside Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences

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Bülow, William. "Unfit to live among others : Essays on the ethics of imprisonment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199567.

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This thesis provides an ethical analysis of imprisonment as a mode of punishment. Consisting in an introduction and four papers the thesis addresses several important questions concerning imprisonment from a number of different perspectives and theoretical starting points. One overall conclusion of this thesis is that imprisonment, as a mode of punishment, deserves more attention from moral and legal philosophers. It is also concluded that a more complete ethical assessment of prison conditions and prison management requires a broader focus. It must include an explicit discussion of both how imprisonment directly affects prison inmates and its negative side-effects on third parties. Another conclusion is that ethical discussions on prison conditions should not be too easily reduced to a question about how harsh or lenient is should be. Paper 1 argues that prisoners have a right to privacy. It is argued that respect for inmates’ privacy is related to respect for them as moral agents. Consequently, respect for inmates’ privacy is called for by different established philosophical theories about the justification of legal punishment. Practical implications of this argument are discussed and it is argued that invasion of privacy should be minimized to the greatest extent possible, without compromising other important values or the rights to safety and security. It is also proposed that respect for privacy should be part of the objective of creating and upholding a secure environment. Paper 2 discusses whether the collateral harm of imprisonment to the children and other close family members of prison inmates may give rise to special moral obligations towards them. Several collateral harms, including decreased psychological wellbeing, financial costs, loss of economic opportunities, and intrusion and control over their private lives, are identified. Two perspectives in moral philosophy, consequentialism and deontology, are then applied in order to assess whether these harms are permissible. It is argued that from either perspective it is hard to defend the claim that allowing for these harms are morally permissible. Consequently, imprisonment should be used only as a last resort. Where it is deemed necessary, it gives rise to special moral obligations. Using the notion of residual obligation, these obligations are then categorized and clarified. Paper 3 focuses on an argument that has figured in the philosophical debate on felon disenfranchisement. This argument states that as a matter of democratic self-determination, a legitimate democratic collective has the collective right to decide whether to disenfranchise felons as a way of defining their political identity. Yet, such a collective’s right to self-determination is limited, since the choice to disenfranchise anyone must be connected to normative considerations of political significance. This paper defends this argument against three charges that has been raised to it. In doing so it also explores under what circumstances felon disenfranchisement can be permissible. Paper 4 explores the question of whether prison inmates suffering from ADHD should be administered psychopharmacological intervention (methylphenidate) for their condition. The theoretical starting point for the discussion is the communicative theory of punishment, which understands criminal punishment as a form of secular penance. Viewed through the lens of the communicative theory it is argued that the provision of pharmacological treatment to offenders with ADHD need not necessarily be conceived of as an alternative to punishment, but as an aid to achieving the penological ends of secular penance. Thus, in this view offenders diagnosed with ADHD should have the option to undergo pharmacological treatment.

QC 20170110

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Hutcherson, Donald Tyrone. "Street dreams the effect of incarceration on illegal earnings /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1218205841.

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Murray, Joseph. "Parental imprisonment : effects on children's antisocial behaviour and mental health through the life-course." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251991.

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Tshaka, Akhona. "Mitigation of the effect of father imprisonment on the family: a study of social work intervention strategies in Raymond Mhlaba local municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4435.

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The South African population is highly populated by single mothered families. Fatherlessness has emerged as one of the greatest social problems, especially as children who grow up in families with absent-fathers suffer lasting damage. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of fathers’ imprisonment on the functioning of the family and social work interventions to mitigate the effect. The study used mixed method research design. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and in-depth interviews. This study employed three sampling strategies; namely multi-stage sampling and purposive sampling as well as snow-ball sampling. The sample was made up of 65 members of families whose father is in prison or had been to prision and 15 social work officials. Qalitative data was analyised using themes and parrtens that emerged during interviews with participants, quantitative data was analysed using SPSS computer softerwere. Findings revealed that father’s imprisonment has negative impact that causes dysfunctional families. The negative effect is due to the loss of a father figure and a provider of the family. Inequality and stigmatisation among family members were also found to cause dysfunctional families after the father’s imprisonment. Findings from social work officials revealed social service interventions to mollify the family dysfunctions. However, majority of families are provided services through offender re-integration, others lack unawareness regarding social work interventions for families with fathers in prison. Findings further reveal that resources are limited to enhance the provision of adequate and better psychosocial support for affected families in order to alleviate the undesirable impact of father’s imprisonment. There is therefore a compelling need for implementing policies that will enable dysfunctional families with fathers imprison to access adequate psychosocial support services. The study also recommended that, social welfare system should be strengthened by embarking on enlightenment programmes that create awareness about family based interventions for dysfunction families with fathers in prison.

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Kotova, Anna. "'He's got a life sentence,but I have a life sentence to cope with as well' : the experiences of long-term prisoners' partners." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f0112637-cc52-44f5-a979-e205652694b7.

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There is a small, but growing, body of research on prisoners' families. It has shown that these families experience numerous pains and deprivations associated with imprisonment, ranging from financial hardship to social (stigma) and emotional issues (grief-like emotions). It has also been suggested that long sentences could exacerbate and prolong these problems. However, no studies on long-term prisoners' families specifically have yet been conducted in the UK. This study explores the experiences of 33 long-term prisoners' partners. Prison sociology, which has explored imprisonment, and long-term imprisonment specifically, is used to inform the analysis. Themes such as coping with the pains of imprisonment over time and with the length of the sentence and time passing are explored. It is also shown that partners are fundamentally changed, on an identity level, by a long sentence. Furthermore, stigma is explored, and it is argued that partners of long-term prisoners experience especially strong stigma and that it lasts for a long time indeed. Finally, this thesis considers how the partners outside 'do family' across prison walls, and how imprisonment makes this challenging indeed. In conclusion, it is argued that the experiences of prisoners' partners speak to the sociological research on imprisonment more broadly and that drawing on these experiences can develop the prison sociologist's knowledge about the broader sociological impact of imprisonment.

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Tsui, Pui-wang Ephraem, and 徐佩宏. "Subjective experiences of families of long-term prisoners in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44204796.

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Sheridan, Alexandra. "Monotony and Deprivation: The Effects of Long-Term Imprisonment on the Neurocognitive Functioning of the Older Prison Inmate Population." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/337.

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Risk factors of the prison environment have been considered from a policy perspective, however little work in the field of neuroscience and neuropsychology has been done to further understand the effects that long-term incarceration have on the brain at a neuronal and cognitive level. Neurocognitive deficits in the older prison inmate population usually go undetected, thus there is a need for the precise characterization of neurocognitive impairment, its course and etiology specifically in the prison population. This study will combine cross sectional and longitudinal analysis to characterize the neurocognitive impairment in the older prison inmate population versus the non-incarcerated population while paying close attention to the effects of poor nutrition, lack of preventative healthcare, and social isolation on the neurocognitive functioning of the older inmate population. Based on previous work, it is hypothesized that lack of preventative healthcare in the prison system results in improper treatment of such health conditions as diabetes and vascular disease, each of which have been shown to increase the chances of dementia diagnosis. In addition, it is hypothesized that prison diets low in polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin B12 and high in saturated fats impair the functioning of brain regions involved in memory consolidation, retrieval and executive functioning, like the hippocampus and the frontal lobe. Furthermore, due to inadequate environmental stimulation, increased levels of anxiety, and unsatisfactory interactions with peers, it is hypothesized that social isolation decreases neurocognitive functioning in the older prison inmate population at a faster rate compared to the non-institutionalized population. Over the course of seven years, I propose that prisoners be administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to measure neurocognitive impairment as well as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to measure levels of anxiety and proneness to anxious feelings. In addition, a phlebotomist will draw a sample of blood from each participant in order to measure their levels of saturated fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin B12. In a longitudinal analysis, 400 prisoners will be monitored every other year for seven years. In the cross sectional analysis, 200 prisoners will be matched to 200 non-incarcerated individuals based on age, background and health status in order to determine the effects that poor health and environmental factors have on the neurocognitive functioning of the older inmate population versus the non-incarcerated population. Results from the longitudinal analysis and the cross sectional analysis will be analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and regression analysis respectively.

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Книги з теми "Effect of imprisonment on"

Willemsen, Jochem. Het effect van alternatieve gerechtelijke maatregelen. Antwerpen: Garant, 2006.

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Sereda, E. V. Primenenie nakazanii︠a︡ v vide lishenii︠a︡ svobody v otnoshenii zhenshchin: Istorii︠a︡ i sovremennostʹ. Moskva: VNII MVD RF, 1999.

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Odlander, Jens. Tyst diplomati: Berättelsen om hur journalisterna Johan Persson och Martin Schibbye blev fria. Stockholm: Atlantis, 2014.

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Zimring, Franklin E. Estimating the effect of increased incarceration on crime in California. Berkeley, CA: California Policy Seminar, 1995.

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Roy, Robert E. The effects of incarceration. [Ottawa]: Programs Branch, Ministry of the Solicitor General, 1985.

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Galateria, Daria. Scritti galeotti: Letterati dal carcere. Roma: Rai Eri, 2000.

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Kralev, Todor. Resocijalizacijata na soobraḱajnite delinkventi vo zatvorski ambient. Skopje: NIP "Studentski zbor", 1997.

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New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Committee on Children & Families. Public hearing--effects of incarceration on families of inmates. Mineola, NY (200 Old Country Rd., Mineola 11501): En-De Reporting Services, 2000.

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Clear, Todd R. When neighbors go to jail: Impact on attitudes about formal and informal social control : summary of a presentation. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 1999.

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Flores, José Manuel Pacheco. En medio del infierno: Conviven adolescentes y jóvenes que infringieron la ley en Bolivia : una aproximación al análisis doctrinario, jurídico y económico desde el ejercicio psicológico y social. La Paz, Bolivia: [s.n.], 2003.

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Частини книг з теми "Effect of imprisonment on"

Galbiati, Roberto, and Francesco Drago. "Deterrent Effect of Imprisonment." In Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 1023–30. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_407.

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Frois, Catarina. "The Effects of Imprisonment." In Female Imprisonment, 97–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63685-6_5.

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Farrington, David P., Lloyd E. Ohlin, and James Q. Wilson. "The Effects of Imprisonment." In Research in Criminology, 131–50. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4940-5_7.

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Dirkzwager, Anja J. E., Marieke van de Rakt, Robert Apel, and Paul Nieuwbeerta. "Unintended Effects of Imprisonment." In Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 5382–92. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_596.

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Daly, Robert J. "Effects of Imprisonment and Isolation." In Psychiatry, 249–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2365-5_39.

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Kleck, Gary, and Brion Sever. "The Incapacitative Effects of Imprisonment." In Punishment and Crime, 250–85. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315142258-10.

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Masrukhin and Ning Karnawijaya. "The Effectiveness of Imprisonment as a Deterrent Effect for Terrorists in Kedungpane Semarang Penitentiary." In Proceedings of the 1st International Seminar on Sharia, Law and Muslim Society (ISSLAMS 2022), 221–31. Paris: Atlantis Press SARL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-81-7_23.

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Kury, Helmut. "Prisoners and Their Families: The Effects of Imprisonment on the Family." In Crime Prevention and Justice in 2030, 125–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56227-4_7.

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Smith, Peter Scharff. "When the Innocent are Punished: Prison, Society and the Effects of Imprisonment." In When the Innocent are Punished, 227–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137414298_17.

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Macharia, Alice Wambui. "Evolution of women imprisonment in Kenya and the effects of incarceration on their dependent children." In Rights of the Child, Mothers and Sentencing, 65–80. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003143291-4.

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Igrački, Jasmina, and Marina Brašovan Delić. "ALTERNATIVE CRIMINAL SANCTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.3.7.22.p05.

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The workload of prisons and the increase in crime is not only a problem in the Republic of Serbia but in the region and the whole world. Therefore, the introduction of alternative sanctions is a step toward reducing the prison population, humanizing the sentence, reducing costs, avoiding the harmful consequences of imprisonment such as stigmatization, deprivation and privation instead of rehabilitation, a positive effect on recidivism, crime prevention, and prevention. The application of alternative criminal sanctions is only at first sight more significant only for minor, possibly moderate crimes. In the first place, that is true, because they are intended for this category of crimes - their perpetrators. However, their application is also of great importance for serious crimes, because it saves the resources of criminal justice, which can be focused on combating serious crimes. Unfortunately, we cannot say that our judicial system applies alternative sanctions exclusively in exchange for short-term imprisonment, which is indicated by the data on the number of persons who have served up to one year in prison in previous years. Statistical data for 2020 for the territory of the Republic of Serbia indicate the following application of alternative sanctions, and according to the Law on Execution of Extrajudicial Sanctions and Measures: Imprisonment served in the premises where the convict lives (house arrest with and without electronic supervision) - 3560, Probation with protective supervision- 19, Penalty of work in the public interest (decisions of the misdemeanor and criminal court) -156, Measure prohibiting leaving the apartment (house arrest) with and without electronic supervision -1066. Keywords: alternative sanctions, punishment, penal policy, excessive crime

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Luckan, Yashaen, and Nischolan Pillay. "Practice Based Research in the Context of Spatial Transformation: A South African Perspective." In 2019 Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.66.

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The spatial inequities of apartheid severely compromised the advancement of historically marginalised societies in South Africa. Exclusive barriers to access and opportunity defined an underlying geo-social intent for the oppression of societies, hereafter referred to as historically disadvantaged communities. The socio-economic injustices extended beyond physical spatial barriers into the realm of intellectual imprisonment effected by pedagogic exclusion. This ultimately prevented knowledge generation by exclusion of lived experiences in historically disadvantaged communities. The research approach is informed by a problem which focuses on pedagogic exclusion and the critical role of inclusive pedagogies and participatory approaches to research in architectural education for the advancement of society in order to promote spatial transformation.

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Denisov, V. I. "Method of statistical simulation of laser energy storage." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.cthi1.

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In this work the method of statistical simulation allowing to calculate an interaction of a laser pulse with nonlinear absorbing many-level medium when the time duration of the pulse is equal to longitudinal characteristic relaxation time has been suggested and realized. The two problems were solved by this method. The first problem was the one of laser energy storage on the metastable level of the medium atoms. The space and time characteristics of this inverted medium of plane geometry were calculated. The amplification coefficient of forbidden transition versus different parameters of this problem was obtained. Using Asl as an example the mechanism of two-step photoionization of atoms and mechanism of formation of inversion of the population between a metastable level and a ground state (mechanism of accumulation of laser radiation energy in volume) are investigated. It is shown that due to the "imprisonment" (trapping) of reemited photons leads to the sharp decrease both of the length of interaction between laser radiation and medium, and the length of accumulation of laser radiation energy in volume. In this case the gain factor of inverted medium is one order of magnitude less than that obtained by theoretical estimates (neglecting this effect). The algorithm suggested allows solving these problems within multi-pulse mode taking into account the collision and diffusion processes.

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Kerlow, Isaac Victor. "Freedom and imprisonment, 1985." In ACM SIGGRAPH 98 Electronic art and animation catalog. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/281388.281643.

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Clenciu, Maria –. Cristina. "Imprisonment: The rehabilitation issue." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY – XRM2022. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0170617.

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Jing-lu, Zhang. "Life Imprisonment System in China." In 2021 International Conference on Public Management and Intelligent Society (PMIS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pmis52742.2021.00035.

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Antonyan, Yu M., and E. A. Antonyan. "Criminological Problems of Life Imprisonment." In XVII International Research-to-Practice Conference dedicated to the memory of M.I. Kovalyov (ICK 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200321.086.

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Karman, Marcela. "Trestnoprávne aspekty trestného činu ohovárania a úvahy de lege ferenda." In Naděje právní vědy 2022. University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.nadeje.2022.183-193.

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The article discusses the current legal regulation of the crime of defamation and the sanctions that, according to the current legal regulation, can be imposed on the perpetrator for this crime. These are punishments associated with imprisonment. The article further discusses the proposal to amend the Criminal Code, which was recently submitted to the interdepartmental comment procedure. The amendment in question should result in the abolition of imprisonment as a universal punishment, when, among other things, in accordance with the principles of restorative justice, the court will not be able to impose a punishment associated with imprisonment for the crime of defamation. The proposer of the amendment to the Criminal Code proposed a new wording of the crime of slander, for the commission of which the court will impose a penalty not connected with imprisonment. The amendment to the law also waives the definition of a criminal offense as a threatening punishment. The article further deals with the possibility of the complete exclusion of punishment for the behavior defined in this criminal offense by means of criminal law, also with reference to EU positions and ECtHR decisions.

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Igrački, Jasmina. "LIFE IMPRISONMENT- WORLD SITUATION AND EXPERIENCE IN EXECUTION." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.4.21.p23.

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In the second half of the 20th century, the tendency to abolish the death penalty influenced to an increased use of life imprisonment. According to available data, about half a million people in the world today are serving a life sentences in prison. Out of 216 countries and territories, life imprisonment is imposed in 183. Between 2004 and 2015, there was an increase in the imposition of these sentences of about 84%. Life imprisonment, with the exception of countries where the death penalty is applied, is imposed as the maximum punishment for the perpetrators of the most serious crimes. In different countries, life imprisonment is imposed with different options: with or without the possibility of parole depending on the severity of the crime and the social risk of the crime, the minimum sentence served, etc. A particular problem is the execution of this criminal sanction from the aspect of: application of the treatment, preservation of security in the institution both personal and general, preservation of the minimum level of mental health of convicts, accommodation of these convicts - individually or in a group with other categories of convicts, etc. International organizations dealing with human rights of prisoners recommend that prison institutions take advantage of all the opportunities that treatment provides in order to, as far as possible, preserve health, moral and spiritual strength of every prisoner who is serving a life sentence in prison, as a human, moral and civilized act of society. Keywords: life imprisonment, convict, treatment, social reaction, prison.

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Clark, Nitasha. "Enacting Imprisonment on Students With Significant Support Needs." In 2021 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1686515.

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Polinsky, A. Mitchell, and Steven Shavell. Deterrence and the Adjustment of Sentences During Imprisonment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26083.

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Witt, Robert, and Ann Dryden Witte. Crime, Imprisonment, and Female Labor Force Participation: A Time-Series Approach. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6786.

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Seim, Joshua. Erosion and Adjustment: A Bourdieuian-Inspired Analysis of Imprisonment and Release. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.295.

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Polinsky, A. Mitchell. The Optimal Use of Fines and Imprisonment When Wealth is Unobservable. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10761.

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Polinsky, A. Mitchell, and Steven Shavell. On the Disutility and Discounting of Imprisonment and the Theory of Deterrence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6259.

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Markov, Smilen. COVID-19 and Orthodoxy: Uncertainty, Vulnerability, and the Hermeneutics of Divine Economy. Analogia 17 (2023), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/17-4-markov.

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COVID-19 was a great challenge for Orthodox Christians worldwide. As all natural disasters in modernity, the pandemic was explained and combatted on the basis of science. There could be no doubt that death, pain, suffering, despair, imprisonment (the quarantine can indeed be experienced as an imprisonment) are opportunities for the Church to bear witness to Christ. To be ashamed of one’s vulnerability and to neglect the communal aspect of suffering means to render oneself less capable of bearing witness. Hence, it is important to find the conceptual ground for calibrating the truthful reaction to the pandemic in terms of the Christian ethos. To achieve this, we need the proper interpretative lens through which to examine the disaster of the pandemic.

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Heffetz, Ori, and John List. Is the Endowment Effect a Reference Effect? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16715.

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Martindale, Addie K. Achromatizing Effect. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-227.

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Tambe, Milind, and Paul S. Rosenbloom. On Masking Effect. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada269593.

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Glaeser, Edward, and Andrei Shleifer. The Curley Effect. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8942.

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