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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Effect of habitat modification on"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 3 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Effect of habitat modification on"

Setiawan, Kuncoro Teguh, Nana Suwargana, Devica Natalia Br. Ginting, Masita Dwi Mandini Manessa, Nanin Anggraini, Syifa Wismayati Adawiah, Atriyon Julzarika, Surahman Surahman, Syamsu Rosid, and Agustinus Harsono Supardjo. "BATHYMETRY EXTRACTION FROM SPOT 7 SATELLITE IMAGERY USING RANDOM FOREST METHODS." International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) 16, no. 1 (October 23, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.ijreses.2019.v16.a3085.

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The scope of this research is the application of the random forest method to SPOT 7 data to produce bathymetry information for shallow waters in Indonesia. The study aimed to analyze the effect of base objects in shallow marine habitats on estimating bathymetry from SPOT 7 satellite imagery. SPOT 7 satellite imagery of the shallow sea waters of Gili Matra, West Nusa Tenggara Province was used in this research. The estimation of bathymetry was carried out using two in-situ depth-data modifications, in the form of a random forest algorithm used both without and with benthic habitats (coral reefs, seagrass, macroalgae, and substrates). For bathymetry estimation from SPOT 7 data, the first modification (without benthic habitats) resulted in a 90.2% coefficient of determination (R2) and 1.57 RMSE, while the second modification (with benthic habitats) resulted in an 85.3% coefficient of determination (R2) and 2.48 RMSE. This research showed that the first modification achieved slightly better results than the second modification; thus, the benthic habitat did not significantly influence bathymetry estimation from SPOT 7 imagery.

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Noureen, Nadia, Mubashar Hussain, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Muhammad Umar, Zaheer Abbas, and Saira Munaward. "Habitat Types Effect on Diversity, Distribution and Abundance of Dung Beetles." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 64, no. 3 (October 4, 2021): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.64.3.2021.217.224.

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Dung beetles are ecologically important taxa to study the assessment of habitat modification and disturbance across the globe. This study was aimed to explore community composition, species richness and abundance of dung beetles in response to Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Dung beetle assemblage were sampled from four habitat (natural rangeland, cropland, roadside and housing colonies) during 2014-2016 by placing pitfall traps baited with cattle dung. A total number of 540 specimens representing 17 species belonging to seven genera and four tribes were collected. We calculated species relative abundance in natural habitat (34.8%), cropland habitat (40.4%) and in road side areas (25.2%) was recorded, whereas no specimens were recorded in urban areas. Aphodius contaminatus (42.96%) was the most abundant species followed by Onitis castaneous (26.29%) and Onitis singhalensis (20.74%). Tunnellers (50.58%) and dwellers (49.01%) were dominant in all habitats, whereas rollers were least abundant (1.37%). The values of Shannon-Wiener (H) diversity and evenness (E) showed variations among different habitats i.e. natural habitat (H=1.20; E=0.55), cropland habitat (H=1.41, E=0.32) and roads-side (H=0.80, E=0.37). The study showed that cropland served as a major habitat for dung beetles due to its uniformity and close association with mammalian fauna. The results emphasized that natural habitats within the agro-ecosystem have become isolated and fragmented habitat with lesser stability and low resources thus resulting into less diverse habitat. Roadside areas are in close proximity with cropland and act as corridors for efficient species flow within ecosystem due to cattle movement through these areas.

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Lynn, Scott G., and Christian Lindle. "The effect of anthropogenic habitat modification on habitat use byAfrana angolensisalong the dodwe river, Tanzania." African Journal of Herpetology 51, no. 1 (June 2002): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2002.9635463.

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Fontúrbel, Francisco E., and Maureen M. Murúa. "Microevolutionary Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Plant-Animal Interactions." Advances in Ecology 2014 (August 25, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/379267.

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Plant-animal interactions are a key component for biodiversity maintenance, but they are currently threatened by human activities. Habitat fragmentation might alter ecological interactions due to demographic changes, spatial discontinuities, and edge effects. Also, there are less evident effects of habitat fragmentation that potentially alter selective forces and compromise the fitness of the interacting species. Changes in the mutualistic and antagonistic interactions in fragmented habitats could significantly influence the plant reproductive output and the fauna assemblage associated with. Fragmented habitats may trigger contemporary evolution processes and open new evolutionary opportunities. Interacting parties with a diffuse and asymmetric relationship are less susceptible to local extinction but more prone to evolve towards new interactions or autonomy. However, highly specialized mutualisms are likely to disappear. On the other hand, ecological interactions may mutually modulate their response in fragmented habitats, especially when antagonistic interactions disrupt mutualistic ones. Ecoevolutionary issues of habitat fragmentation have been little explored, but the empiric evidence available suggests that the complex modification of ecological interactions in fragmented habitats might lead to nonanalogous communities on the long term.

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Wen, C. K. C., M. S. Pratchett, K. T. Shao, K. P. Kan, and B. K. K. Chan. "Effects of habitat modification on coastal fish assemblages." Journal of Fish Biology 77, no. 7 (October 26, 2010): 1674–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02809.x.

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MAIROTA, PAOLA, VINCENZO LERONNI, WEIMIN XI, DAVID J. MLADENOFF, and HARINI NAGENDRA. "Using spatial simulations of habitat modification for adaptive management of protected areas: Mediterranean grassland modification by woody plant encroachment." Environmental Conservation 41, no. 2 (November 15, 2013): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689291300043x.

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SUMMARYSpatial simulation may be used to model the potential effects of current biodiversity approaches on future habitat modification under differing climate change scenarios. To illustrate the approach, spatial simulation models, including landscape-level forest dynamics, were developed for a semi-natural grassland of conservation concern in a southern Italian protected area, which was exposed to woody vegetation encroachment. A forest landscape dynamics simulator (LANDIS-II) under conditions of climate change, current fire and alternative management regimes was used to develop scenario maps. Landscape pattern metrics provided data on fragmentation and habitat quality degradation, and quantified the spatial spread of different tree species within grassland habitats. The models indicated that approximately one-third of the grassland area would be impacted by loss, fragmentation and degradation in the next 150 years. Differing forest management regimes appear to influence the type of encroaching species and the density of encroaching vegetation. Habitat modifications are likely to affect species distribution and interactions, as well as local ecosystem functioning, leading to changes in estimated conservation value. A site-scale conservation strategy based on feasible integrated fire and forest management options is proposed, considering the debate on the effectiveness of protected areas for the conservation of ecosystem services in a changing climate. This needs to be tested through further modelling and scenario analysis, which would benefit from the enhancement of current modelling capabilities of LANDIS-II and from combination with remote sensing technologies, to provide early signals of environmental shifts both within and outside protected areas.

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Eleftheriou, Andreas, and Angela D. Luis. "Investigating the effect of habitat modification on chronic stress in deer mice: a preliminary study." Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin 37, no. 1 (November 29, 2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53607/wrb.v37.110.

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Anthropogenic habitat modification can lead to chronic stress in wildlife. This can result in immunosuppression and higher disease prevalence. Chronically stressed individuals typically have elevated baseline GCs and decreased body condition. GCs are called FGMs when excreted in feces and can be used to noninvasively evaluate stress in free-ranging wildlife. In the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)–SNV system, SNV prevalence is higher in deer mice at peridomestic settings, which are human-modified habitats. This is problematic because SNV causes a fatal disease in humans, and thus the higher SNV prevalence may lead to higher risk of infection for humans. In our study, we hypothesized that SNV prevalence would be higher in deer mice at human-modified habitats due to chronic stress. To test our hypothesis, we compared two stress measures (i.e., baseline FGMs and body condition scores) in deer mice from one peridomestic and one sylvan grid over 2 months. Captured deer mice were tagged, weighed, sexed and sampled for feces and blood and were evaluated for reproductive status and body condition before release. Blood samples were analysed for SNV antibodies, and fecal samples were evaluated for FGMs. We found higher deer mouse numbers at the sylvan grid. There were no differences in baseline FGM levels between peridomestic and sylvan populations. However, peridomestic deer mice had overall lower body condition. Given the low SNV prevalence across both grids, we were unable to examine potential correlations between SNV prevalence and chronic stress. Regardless, we conclude that deer mice at human-modified habitats may not be chronically stressed, which may suggest that higher SNV prevalence at peridomestic settings may not be the result of chronic stress. Although we did find that peridomestic deer mice had lower body condition, this may not have been related to chronic stress because there were no differences in baseline FGMs. Longer studies with more site replication are needed to validate and expand on our findings. Our preliminary study adds to the existing body of knowledge that examines relationships between stress physiology and disease prevalence in human-modified environments.

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Wang, Min, and David E. Lincoln. "Effects of light intensity and artificial wounding on monoterpene production in Myrica cerifera from two different ecological habitats." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-107.

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The contributions of multiple factors to plant defense and herbivory in different habitats has received limited study. This study examines the contributions of genotypic differentiation and modification by physical factors to chemical defense and herbivory of Myrica cerifera L. in contrasting habitats. The constitutive leaf monoterpene content of M. cerifera was higher in a sunny habitat than in an adjacent shady habitat at a southeastern USA coastal site. Leaf area loss was higher in the shady habitat than in the sunny habitat. A significant negative correlation of monoterpene content and leaf area loss suggests that monoterpenes may play toxic or deterrent roles in these plants. When plants from the two habitats were grown under uniform greenhouse conditions, the contents and compositions of leaf monoterpenes were not significantly different, implying that two ecotypes were not involved. The plants treated in high light intensity had significantly higher monoterpene content, higher growth rate, and denser glandular trichomes than the plants treated in low light intensity. Artificial wounding induced a significant increase of monoterpene production. However, the wounding responses of the plants from the two habitats were not different, nor did irradiance modify the response.Key words: ecotype, herbivory, light intensity, monoterpenes, wounding induction, Myrica cerifera.

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Horváth, G. F., Barbara Horváth, Nikolett Sali, and R. Herczeg. "Community-level response to different human disturbances and land use of small mammals in two marshland habitat patches in Hungary." Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 2 (2012): 613–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1202613h.

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Marshlands are important ecosystems that provide valuable habitats for wildlife communities. We investigated the small mammal community-level response to different human disturbances and land use in the Kis-Balaton Landscape Protection Area, which is an endangered marshland ecosystem of Hungary. Land use, conservation management and other human disturbances (burning, mowing) together with unfavorable weather conditions have caused the degradation of the original homogeneous sedgy marshland on both sampled areas. We measured the species turnover between the different periods separated by the habitat changes. Our results suggest that populations of the habitat-specialist species of marshland areas (e.g. endangered Hungarian subspecies of root vole) are sensitive to the negative effects of environment and human disturbances. The combined effect of human disturbances and the stochastic processes of the environment can cause the disappearance and substitution of character species stabilizing the communities, which in turn leads to the modification of species composition and structure of small mammal assemblages.

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Angoh, Siow Yan Jennifer, Joanna Freeland, James Paterson, Prabha Amali Rupasinghe, and Christina M. Davy. "Effects of invasive wetland macrophytes on habitat selection and movement by freshwater turtles." Biological Invasions 23, no. 7 (April 11, 2021): 2271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02505-8.

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AbstractInvasive species can significantly impact native wildlife by structurally altering habitats and access to resources. Understanding how native species respond to habitat modification by invasive species can inform effective habitat restoration, avoiding inadvertent harm to species at risk. The invasive graminoids Phragmites australis australis (hereafter Phragmites) and Typha × glauca are increasingly dominating Nearctic wetlands, often outcompeting native vegetation. Previous research suggests that turtles may avoid invasive Phragmites when moving through their home ranges, but the mechanisms driving avoidance are unclear. We tested two hypotheses that could explain avoidance of invaded habitat: (1) that stands of invasive macrophytes (Phragmites and Typha x glauca) impede movement, and (2) that they provide inadequate thermal conditions for turtles. We quantified active-season movements of E. blandingii (n = 14, 1328 relocations) and spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata; n = 12, 2295 relocations) in a coastal wetland in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Neither hypothesis was supported by the data. Phragmites and mixed-species Typha stands occurred within the home ranges of mature, active E. blandingii and C. guttata, and were used similarly to most other available habitats, regardless of macrophyte stem density. Turtles using stands of invasive macrophytes did not experience restricted movements or cooler shell temperatures compared to other wetland habitat types. Control of invasive macrophytes can restore habitat heterogeneity and benefit native wetland species. However, such restoration work should be informed by the presence of at-risk turtles, as heavy machinery used for control or removal may injure turtles that use these stands as habitat.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Effect of habitat modification on"

Rangeley, Robert W. (Robert William). "Habitat selection in juvenile pollock, Pollachius virens : behavioural responses to changing habitat availability." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28648.

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This thesis demonstrates how tidal changes in the availability of intertidal zone habitats can affect the distribution and behaviour of juvenile pollock (Pollachius virens). Schools of pollock moved from the subtidal zone to the open habitat in the intertidal zone. On rising tides, pollock switched from the open habitat at low tidal stages to the dense algal habitat at high tidal stages. On falling tides, pollock rapidly schooled downshore in the open habitat. Pollock were rarely solitary in the open habitat and usually formed large schools. In the algal habitats, pollock were usually dispersed and preferred the dense algae over the sparse algae. Predation risk from birds was widely distributed among depths, habitats and stages of the tide, during the day. In a mesocosm experiment, pollock increased their use of the algal habitat and were more difficult to detect following a simulated bird predator threat. Preference for the algal habitat was density-dependent when either pollock abundance or algal habitat area were manipulated. Pollock responded to their potentially high density in the algae by schooling in the open habitat.

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Maran, Audrey Marie. "The effect of anthropogenic habitat modification on insect-mediated ecosystem services." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1594488419133855.

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Groshens, Thomas P. "An assessment of the transferability of habitat suitability criteria for smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44601.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if habitat suitability criteria developed in the summer months for sma11mouth bass were transferable among streams representing different eco regions.

Habitat suitability criteria were developed for depth, mean column velocity, cover and substrate for two size classes of sma1lmouth bass, 100-199mm and >200mm, in the North Anna River and Craig Creek, Virginia.

Criteria that accurately describe habitat selection by a species or guild in a system different from where the criteria were developed are said to be transferable to that system. The transferability of suitability criteria between the North Anna River and Craig Creek, as well as depth and velocity criteria from Minnesota, the Huron River, Michigan and the Upper James River, Virginia, to the North Anna River and Craig Creek were tested using a 2x2 contingency table analysis.

Depth criteria for the smaller sizes of sma1lmouth bass did not transfer well between regions; 4 of the 8 transferability tests (50%) failed. Depth criteria for larger sma1lmouth bass transferred to the North Anna River and Craig Creek in all cases.

Velocity criteria developed for the smaller size classes did not transfer well among regions; only 3 of the 8 transferability tests were positive. Likewise, velocity criteria for larger sizes of smallmouth bass did not transfer well; only 1 of 8 tests were positive.

General criteria were developed for depth and mean column velocity by averaging the suitability values reported from this and 3 other studies. General depth and velocity criteria transferred well to the North Anna River and Craig Creek for both the larger and smaller size classes of smallmouth bass; all depth tests were positive and 3 of 4 velocity tests were positive. The improved success of transferability warrants investigation of developing general criteria for smallmouth bass.

Cover criteria for both size classes of smallmouth bass were transferable from the North Anna River to Craig Creek but not vice versa. Substrate heterogeneity criteria were not transferable between the North Anna River and Craig Creek for either size class of smallmouth bass. Criteria developed for the percentage of substrate particles >15cm (smallmouth bass >200mm only) were transferable from Craig Creek to the North Anna River but not vice versa.

The transferability of habitat suitability criteria among regions was inconsistent and it is recommended that site-specific criteria be developed for each stream to which habitat assessments are applied. Additionally, nose velocities used were more consistent between the North Anna River and Craig Creek than were mean column velocities used. Hence, it is recommended that information on nose (focal point) velocities be incorporated into habitat studies to more accurately describe smallmouth bass velocity requirements.

Master of Science

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Gonsalves, Sydney Marie. "Green Roofs and Urban Biodiversity: Their Role as Invertebrate Habitat and the Effect of Design on Beetle Community." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2997.

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With over half the world's population now living in cities, urban areas represent one of earth's few ecosystems that are increasing in extent, and are sites of altered biogeochemical cycles, habitat fragmentation, and changes in biodiversity. However, urban green spaces, including green roofs, can also provide important pools of biodiversity and contribute to regional gamma diversity, while novel species assemblages can enhance some ecosystem services. Green roofs may also mitigate species loss in urban areas and have been shown to support a surprising diversity of invertebrates, including rare and endangered species. In the first part of this study I reviewed the literature on urban invertebrate communities and diversity to better understand the role of green roofs in providing habitat in the context of the larger urban mosaic. My review concluded that, while other factors such as surrounding land use and connectivity are also important to specific invertebrate taxa, local habitat variables contribute substantially to the structure and diversity of urban invertebrate communities. The importance of local habitat variables in urban green spaces and strong support for the habitat complexity hypothesis in a number of other ecosystems has led to proposals that "biodiverse" roofs--those intentionally designed with varied substrate depth, greater plant diversity, or added elements such as logs or stones--would support greater invertebrate diversity, but there is currently limited peer reviewed data to support this. In order to address the habitat complexity hypothesis in the context of green roofs, in the second part of this study I surveyed three roofs designed primarily for stormwater management, three biodiverse roofs, and five ground-level green spaces, from March until September of 2014 in the Portland metropolitan area. Beetles (Coleoptera) were sampled bi-weekly as representatives of total species diversity. Biodiverse roofs had greater richness, abundance, and diversity of beetle species compared to stormwater roofs, but were not more diverse than ground sites. Both biodiverse roofs and ground sites had approximately 20% native beetle species while stormwater roofs had only 5%. Functional diversity was also higher on biodiverse roofs with an average of seven trophic groups represented, while stormwater roofs averaged only three. Ground sites, biodiverse roofs, and stormwater roofs each grouped distinctively in terms of beetle community composition and biodiverse roof communities were found to be positively correlated with roof age, percent plant cover, average plant height, and plant species richness. These results support the findings of previous studies on the importance of local variables in structuring urban invertebrate communities and suggest that biodiverse design can reliably increase greenroof diversity, with the caution that they remain no replacement for ground level conservation.

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Register, Sarah M. "Breeding biology and habitat associations of cerulean warblers in southern Indiana." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1372052.

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The Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea), a once common summer inhabitant and breeder in southern Indiana, has declined at both local and continental population levels. Effects of specific silvicultural practices on the distribution and abundance of the Cerulean Warbler is unknown. During the summers of 2005 & 2006, Cerulean Warblers were surveyed within the Morgan-Monroe and Yellowwood state forests, as well as the Hoosier National Forest in southern Indiana. Three forest types were surveyed; unharvested reference sites were compared with single tree selection treatments and treatments where a combination of group and single tree selection was used. Mean bird abundance was estimated from bird surveys to determine if a correlation exists between silvicultural regimes and Cerulean Warbler abundance. Cerulean Warblers were located in all treatment types, with no significant differences in abundance between or among treatment types examined. These results suggest that uneven-age management practices, such as single tree and group selection harvesting, provide suitable breeding habitat for Cerulean Warblers.Knowledge of Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) male pairing status based on song rates and frequencies, as well as familiarity with non-song vocalizations could be an effective management tool when studying this species. Cerulean Warblers were recorded throughout the breeding season, and 18 song variables were measured and compared between paired and unpaired males using Logistic Regression. Unpaired males had higher song rates and higher minimum frequencies than paired male counterparts. Female and fledgling call notes were also recorded and quantitatively analyzed. These analyses offer further understanding of intraspecific call functions of this species.
Department of Biology

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Tomblin, David Christian. "Ecological niche responses of small mammals to gypsy moth disturbance." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-040517/.

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Siegel, James Joshua 1956. "An evaluation of the minimum habitat quality standards for birds in old-growth ponderosa pine forests, northern Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276951.

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I studied breeding birds and vegetation in 6 largely pristine old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stands and in 3 logged stands that just met the USDA Forest Service's minimum habitat quality standards for old-growth ponderosa pine. Bird populations were similar in all stands. However, brown creepers (Certhia americana) and hermit thrushes (Cattarus guttatus) were low in abundance or absent in 2 of the minimum stands, yet were common in all other stands. Both species preferred cool, moist microenvironments for nesting and/or foraging; conditions that appeared lacking in the more xeric minimum stands. Both species are characteristic of boreal forests, which are cooler and wetter than ponderosa pine forests. I suggest that unlogged old-growth ponderosa pine forests create microhabitats that approximate conditions in more boreal forests. The minimum standards on drier sites appear inadequate in maintaining creeper and thrush habitat. Suggested modifications of the standards include, among others, canopy cover ≥ 50%.

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Luck, Gary W. "Landscape differences in the ecology of the Rufous Treecreeper Climacteris Rufa." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1546.

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Anthropogenic habitat modification is a significant threat to the conservation or global biodiversity. The fragmentation and alteration of woodland habitat has resulted in the substantial decline of many woodland bird species in the agricultural regions of southern Australia. The Rufous Treecreeper Climacteris rufaa, a once common woodland resident, has declined in abundance in the wheatbelt of Western Australia and appears to be sensitive to habitat fragmentation. The reasons for this are unclear because our knowledge of the species and the threats posed by fragmentation arc limited. In this study, I compared the social organisation, habitat selection, reproductive success, dispersal and population dynamics of two Rufous Treecreeper populations living in the Western Australian wheatbelt. The first population occupied a large (8,500 ha), relatively undisturbed and unfragmented landscape. The second occurred in an equivalent sized area that had been substantially modified by agriculture. I hypothesised that habitat fragmentation and alteration would adversely affect the viability of the population living in the agricultural landscape. In the unfragmented landscape, treecreepers lived in cooperatively breeding, territorial groups. A group usually comprised a primary (assumed to be breeding) male and female, and philopatric offspring (helpers) from previous breeding seasons. Helpers assisted in the feeding and caring of nestlings and there was a positive relationship between group size and reproductive output. Breeding groups often fanned interactive neighbourhoods whereby resident individuals from one territory would feed nestlings in adjacent territories. A total of 77.7% of 148 nesting attempts produced at least one fledgling. Annual productivity per breeding group (n = 90 group years) was 2.1 ± 0.18 fledglings. Fledgling and juvenile survival rates (0.76 ± 0.04 and 0.46 ± 0.03 respectively) were comparatively high, as was the annual survival rate of primary males (0.77 ± 0.06) and females (0.75 ± 0.05). A multi-scaled analysis of habitat use in the unfragmented landscape identified preferential habitat selection by the species at three spatial scales. At the landscape scale, treecreepers used Wandoo Eucalyptus wandoo woodland at a significantly higher rate than predicted by the availability of this woodland type. Territory selection was positively correlated with the density of hollow bearing logs and nest sites, and tree age. These structural characteristics were also positively correlated with reproductive success und survival in treecreepers, indicating that habitat structure may be a useful measure of territory quality. Nest sites (hollows) were preferentially used if they had a spout angle of ≥ 50° and an entrance size or 5-10 cm, but nest-site selection was not related to nest success. The ecological traits of the treecreeper population living in the agricultural landscape differed from the population in the unfragmented area in a number of ways. Habitat fragmentation in the agricultural landscape disrupted territory contiguity with adverse consequences for social interaction. Nest success and annual productivity were significantly lower in the agricultural landscape, although they varied between different categories of habitat remnants. Reproductive success was lowest in grazed remnants supporting comparatively high population densities. Landscape differences in success did not appear to be a result of a disparity in nest predation levels, but may be related to variation in food availability and habitat quality. The spatial structure and dynamics of the subdivided population in the agricultural landscape were consistent with certain aspects of metapopulation theory. Treecreepers lived in spatially discrete local populations that were unlikely to persist without immigration owing to low reproductive and survival rates. However, movement between habitat remnants appeared to be sufficient to rescue these local populations from extinction. Although declining in numbers during the study, the subdivided population in the agricultural landscape appeared to be fluctuating around equilibrium owing to immigration from outside the study area. The consequences of habitat fragmentation for the Rufous Treecreeper are complex and interactive. A reduction in habitat area and an increase in remnant isolation disrupts the social organisation of the species and results in small localised populations that are susceptible to extinction. Modification of the remaining vegetation may reduce habitat quality leading to poor reproductive success. In addition to increasing habitat area and maintaining landscape connectivity, future management of fragmented landscapes must focus on improving the quality of remnant vegetation by removing degrading process and ensuring the recruitment of endemic plant species.

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Tatchley, Cerian. "Wildlife impacts of, and public attitudes towards, small wind turbines." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22894.

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Global wind power generation has grown rapidly in response to targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as part of efforts to mitigate climate change, and to increase energy security. While much of the focus in wind energy technology to date has been on wind farms, a relatively recent development is the expansion of the micro-wind sector (turbines generating < 100 kW), and there are now over 870,000 small wind turbines (SWTs) installed globally. However, official planning guidance for SWTs in the UK and elsewhere is lacking. This may be a barrier to SWT installations if there is confusion over the requirements to gain planning permission. One reason for the lack of planning guidance is that our understanding of the wildlife impacts of SWTs is limited and therefore it is difficult to make recommendations for their mitigation. There are a range of potential negative effects wind power can exert on wildlife, in particular on birds and bats, yet to date, there has been very little published research into the wildlife impacts of SWTs. Mortality rates of wildlife at SWTs appear to be relatively low, but disturbance of bats, highly protected species, near SWTs has been previously demonstrated. However, the extent (if any) of this disturbance at habitat features of known importance was unclear. Therefore this thesis used acoustic surveys of bat activity to quantify disturbance of use of linear features (e.g. hedgerows, treelines), habitat important to bats for commuting and foraging, caused by SWTs. Firstly, bat activity did decline after experimental installation of SWTs 5m away from linear features. This decline was species-specific with Pipistrellus pygmaeus showing declines in activity in close proximity to the SWT associated with SWT operation, while P. pipistrellus activity declined in response to installation both at the SWT site and 30m away. Secondly, bat use of linear features is lower when SWTs are located nearby. In particular, P. pygmaeus activity at linear features is lower the closer a SWT is to the feature, and at high wind speeds Myotis spp. use of linear features is similarly lower where SWTs are located nearby. This disturbance did not dissipate along the linear features away from the SWT for at least 60m. This is much further than previously documented disturbance of bats by SWTs, which appeared fairly localised, and may be due to the importance of linear features specifically for commuting between habitat fragments. If so, the cumulative impacts of such disturbance will be important in areas where suitable foraging and roosting habitats is limited and fragmented, and linear features suitable for commuting between habitat fragments are already rare. These results offer support for recommendations that SWTs should be subject to siting restrictions that create a buffer distance between them and important bat habitats such as linear features. Specifically, this thesis recommends that in landscapes with few alternative commuting routes or where particularly rare bat species are present SWT installations require buffer distances to ensure they are a minimum of 60m away from linear features. There has also been a lack of research into public attitudes towards SWTs, despite local attitudes towards wind farm developments having been linked to planning outcomes, implying attitudes can be a barrier to installations. This thesis presents the results of the first survey of public attitudes specifically towards SWTs. Generally attitudes towards SWTs were positive, with over half of respondents rating SWTs as acceptable across a range of landscape settings. However, as for wind power where public attitudes in general are positive but local wind farm developments may still face opposition, only 35% of respondents were in favour of having a SWT installed in sight of their home. A key finding of this survey was that acceptance of SWTs significantly differed between landscape settings, with those in hedgerows and gardens being less well accepted compared to those on road signs, buildings and fields. Respondent comments highlighted visual impacts, efficient use of technology, noise impacts, wildlife impacts and educational value as important factors in their decisions regarding SWT acceptability. Public concern about wildlife impacts appears to be responsive to context, being important to the lower acceptance of SWTs in hedgerows, which were perceived to be particularly risky for wildlife. Potential SWT owners are also shown to be concerned about wildlife impacts from SWTs. Using a choice experiment methodology, an economics technique that allows valuation of non-market goods, farmers (a group most likely to own SWTs in the UK) were found to be willing-to-pay, through loss of SWT earnings from electricity generation, to avoid disturbance of birds and bats or collision mortality of bats. These findings also support the recommendation of the use of buffer distances for SWTs. Buffer distances between SWTs and linear features will help to alleviate public and SWT owner concerns about wildlife impacts, and also increase public acceptance of SWTs by encouraging their installation away from some of the least accepted landscape settings such as hedgerows. Further, potential SWT owners were also found to have no significant preference for avoiding siting restrictions of SWT installations, suggesting they are open to the use of buffer distances, although the suggested distances were substantially smaller than those this thesis ultimately recommends. The findings presented in this thesis have implications for planning guidance, policy makers and developers, but also raise many questions that will require further study. A list of planning guidance recommendations and a list of recommendations for future SWT research are presented in the final section.

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Smith, Scott M. "The influence of submerged aquatic vegetation on trophic relationships of largemouth bass." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74542.

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Aquatic vegetation is considered a nuisance in many lakes and reservoirs supporting largemouth bass populations, and control (eradication) of vegetation is often undertaken. Yet, the relationship between submerged aquatic vegetation and adult largemouth bass, from a trophic standpoint, is poorly understood. I attempted to quantify this relationship by comparing available prey with consumption from the perspective of individual largemouth bass and the largemouth bass population in Flat Top Lake, West Virginia in 1986 and 1987. The abundance of largemouth bass ≥200 mm long was positively associated with vegetation density, although no relationship was apparent between the length and relative weight of adult largemouth bass and vegetation. Forage fish abundance was also positively related to vegetation density. Vegetation was heavily utilized by most fish species in the reservoir. Consumption (quantity and diet composition) of individual largemouth bass did not differ among the vegetation densities considered. However, the increased abundance of available prey associated with increased vegetation densities led to increased overall consumption by the largemouth bass population. Thus, largemouth bass production potential was positively related to vegetation density. Increases in the vegetation/open water interface had no short-term (one month). Evidence from this study indicates that aquatic vegetation could be managed to increase the productivity of largemouth bass in Flat Top Lake. The benefits to largemouth bass provided by aquatic vegetation in Flat Top Lake and similar systems should be considered prior to initiating vegetation control activities.
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Groshens, Thomas P. An assessment of the transferability of habitat suitability criteria for smallmouth bass. Blacksburg: Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993.

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Weeks, Regan. The effect of an herbicide induced habitat alteration on small mammal community structure in West Texas. Bellingham, Wash: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 1986.

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Branch, Ontario Wildlife. Timber management guidelines for the provision of moose habitat. Ontario: Ministry of Natural Resources, 1988.

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Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources. Wildlife Branch. Timber management guidelines for the provision of moose habitat. S.l: s.n, 1988.

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Adams, A. W. Final report: Wildlife Research Project Oregon. Portland, Or: Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, 1987.

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Frezza, T. Assessing fish habitat supply and potential responses to habitat manipulation in small Canadian Shield lakes. [Ottawa?]: Fisheries and Oceans, 2002.

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Frezza, T. Assessing fish habitat supply and potential responses to habitat manipulation in small Canadian Shield lakes. Burlington, Ont: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2002.

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Rieman, Bruce E. Demographic and habitat requirements for conservation of bull trout. Ogden, UT (324 25th St. Ogden 84401): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1993.

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United States. Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works). Ramapo and Mahwah rivers, Mahwah, NJ, and Suffern, NY: Communication from the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works) transmitting a report dated November 17, 1984, from the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army ... together with other pertinent reports, pursuant to Pub. L. 94-587, sec. 150(b) (90 Stat. 2932). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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United States. Soil Conservation Service, ed. Habitat management for furbearers. [Salina, Kan: USDA Soil Conservation Service, 1986.

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Turner, J. Rick. "Effect Modification." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 726–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1018.

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LaCaille, Lara, Anna Maria Patino-Fernandez, Jane Monaco, Ding Ding, C. Renn Upchurch Sweeney, Colin D. Butler, Colin L. Soskolne, et al. "Effect Modification." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 656. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1018.

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Kestenbaum, Bryan. "Effect Modification." In Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 37–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97433-0_10.

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Kestenbaum, Bryan. "Effect Modification." In Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 113–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88433-2_11.

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Kestenbaum, Bryan. "Effect Modification." In Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 143–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96644-1_11.

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Downing, J. A. "The effect of habitat structure on the spatial distribution of freshwater invertebrate populations." In Habitat Structure, 87–106. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3076-9_5.

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Gutiérrez, Jorge L. "Modification of Habitat Quality by Non-native Species." In Impact of Biological Invasions on Ecosystem Services, 33–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45121-3_3.

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Glasser, Stephen P. "Bias, Confounding, and Effect Modification." In Essentials of Clinical Research, 295–302. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8486-7_17.

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Greenland, Sander. "Effect Modification and Biological Interaction." In International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science, 423–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_225.

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Glasser, Stephen P. "Bias, Confounding, and Effect Modification (Interaction)." In Essentials of Clinical Research, 363–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05470-4_17.

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Aminatun, Tien, and Nugroho Susetya Putra. "The effect of habitat modification on plant-pollinator network." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH, IMPLEMENTATION, AND EDUCATION OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE (4TH ICRIEMS): Research and Education for Developing Scientific Attitude in Sciences And Mathematics. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4995196.

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Miller, Veronica B., and Laura A. Schaefer. "Dynamic Modeling of Hydrokinetic Energy Extraction." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67722.

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The world is facing an imminent energy supply crisis. Our well-being is linked to the energy supply, and energy is in high demand in both the developed and the developing world. Therefore, in order to sustain our energy supply, it is necessary to advance renewable technologies. Despite this urgency, however, it is paramount to consider the larger environmental effects associated with using renewable resources. Hydropower, in the past, has been seen as a viable resource to examine given that its basics of mechanical to electrical energy conversion seem to have little effect on the environment. Discrete analysis of dams and in-stream diversion set-ups has shown otherwise though. Modifications to river flows and temperatures (from increased and decreased flows) cause adverse effects to fish and other marine life because it changes their adaptive habitat. Recent research developments have focused on kinetic energy extraction in river flows, which prove to be more sustainable as this type of extraction does not involve a large reservoir or large flow modification. The field of hydrokinetic energy extraction is immature. Little is known about their performance in the river environment, and their risk of impingement, fouling, and suspension of sediments. Basic principles of hydrokinetic energy extraction are presented along with a computational fluid dynamics model of the system. Through examining these principles it is clear that more research is required in hydrokinetic energy extraction with emphasis towards lower environmental and ecological impact.

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Condon, George C. "Habitat modification forOstrinia nubilalisIPM in New Jersey peppers." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112007.

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"The population dynamics of ecosystem engineers and habitat modification." In 24th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2021.f3.watt2.

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Tsuji, Katsunori, Eisuke Ochi, Yoichi Shimizu, Aya Kuchiba, Tomomi Narisawa, Yuri Ishino, Ryo Okubo, et al. "Abstract OT3-12-01: Effect of home-based high-intensity interval training and behavioral modification using information and communication technology on cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise habits among sedentary breast cancer survivors: The habit-B randomized controlled trial in progress." In Abstracts: 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 10-14, 2019; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs19-ot3-12-01.

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Ivan, Peter. "MODIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF THE HABITAT SUITABILITY CURVES FOR DEPTH." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b31/s12.058.

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Ormsby, Christianne, William Gearty, and Jonathan L. Payne. "THE EFFECT OF HABITAT ON DIVERSIFICATION RATE IN SNAKES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321587.

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Fourcade, Yoan, and Erik Öckinger. "The effect of habitat fragmentation on climate-driven community changes." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107403.

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"Effect of Blueberry Planting on Soil Habitat and Lake Basin." In 2018 International Conference on Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/csbioe.2018.07.

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Bonnia, N. N., M. M. Mahat, S. N. Surip, H. Anuar, N. A. Hassan, and S. Ahmad. "Polyester/kenaf composite; effect of matrix modification." In 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications (ISBEIA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbeia.2012.6422940.

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O'Neil, L. J. Test and Modification of a Northern Bobwhite Habitat Suitability Index Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265937.

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Wen, Ten-Chin, Wei-Yang Chou, Tzung-Fang Guo, and Yeong-Her Wang. Novel Organic Field Effect Transistors via Nano-Modification. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada468286.

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Dykstra, Dennis P., Patricia K. Lebow, Stephen Pilkerton, Jamie Barbour, Susan Hummel, and Stuart R. Johnston. Effect of habitat-improvement thinnings on lumber products from coastal Douglas-fir. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-605.

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N. Supplement Analysis for the Watershed Management Program EIS - Idaho Model Watershed Habitat Projects - L-9 Irrigation Diversion Modification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/832886.

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Shouval, Harel, Nathan Intrator, and Leon N. Cooper. Effect of Eye Misalignment on Ocular Dominance according to BCM and PCA Synaptic Modification. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada294815.

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Garg, D., R. Miller, D. Hoover, E. Givens, F. Schweighardt, A. Tarrer, J. Guin, C. Curtis, and P. Luckie. Evaluation of the effect of solvent modification and coal pretreatment and beneficiation on liquefaction: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6436726.

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Osman, Mohamed, Judith Stabel, Ken Onda, Scot Down, Wanda Kreikemeier, Douglas Ware, and Donald C. Beitz. Modification of Digestive System Microbiome of Lactating Dairy Cows by Feeding Bovamine®: Effect on Ruminal Fermentation. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-884.

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Rostal, David. The effect of salinity on habitat selection of two Oregon chiton species (Katharina tunicata and Mopalia hindsii). Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5572.

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Gonsalves, Sydney. Green Roofs and Urban Biodiversity: Their Role as Invertebrate Habitat and the Effect of Design on Beetle Community. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2998.

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