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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Economic problems of energy saving"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Economic problems of energy saving"

Li, Xiao Fei, and Li Jun Tan. "Research on Models and Compensation Mechanism of Energy-Saving Generation Dispatching." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 1041–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.1041.

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Energy-saving generation dispatching is a trial generation dispatching mode in China, reducing energy consumption is the core idea of energy-saving generation dispatching. In this paper, the conception and effect of energy-saving generation dispatching were introduced. The models of energy-saving generation were classified, and some typical models were analysed. Due to the problems brougt about by energy-saving generation dispatching, the modes and economic compensation mechanism were paid attention, this paper analyzes some modes and economic compensation mechanism of energy-saving generation dispatching. Some new problems occured after energy-saving generation dispatching applied were presented and analyzed. Lastly, the development direction of energy-saving generation dispatching is proposed, which lays the foundation for future research.

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Dashko, I., and D. Krylov. "ENERGY EFFICIENCY: EVALUATION PROBLEMS AND CURRENT SITUATION." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 294, no. 3 (March 2021): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-294-3-17.

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It is studied that today in the context of energy efficiency policy three components dominate – economic development and competitiveness, energy security and climate change prevention. The essence and content of energy efficiency are investigated in the article. The definition of energy efficiency terms used to describe both minor changes, such as the use of energy-saving equipment, and more efficient power plants and energy savings at the level of companies and industries in general, is described. The existing problems are considered and the current state of energy efficiency is analyzed. Analyzed empirical facts show that, for example, Ukrainian consumers and companies spend energy irrationally. In particular, the energy intensity of the Ukrainian economy is 3.8 times higher than in the European Union. The most energy-intensive industries in Ukraine – metallurgy, engineering, chemical and petrochemical (energy saving potential, according to experts in this market is 62-64%), housing and communal services (35-38%), services (5%), agriculture (3-5%). The most energy-intensive industries in Ukraine in 2018, kg of oil equivalent / $ GDP at purchasing power parity in 2013 prices are given. The goals of energy saving of Ukraine by sectors by 2020 compared to the level of 2005-2009 are indicated. The reasons for the obstacles to the introduction of energy efficiency are substantiated. An assessment of the promotion of energy efficiency, which should include: ensuring unimpeded and full access to information on existing energy efficiency support programs; organization of awareness-raising activities in the field of energy efficiency for the population, authorities, enterprises and financial institutions; conducting trainings for specialists.

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Akhromkin, Ye M., I. V. Zablodska, and A. O. Akhromkin. "PROBLEMS OF ENERGY SAVING IN APARTMENT BUILDINGS: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECT." Economics and Law, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2020.04.089.

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The article highlights the results of a study of the economic and legal aspects of energy saving in associations of co-owners of apartment buildings in Ukraine. It is determined that a large number of apartment buildings inhabitants have already taken advantage of borrowing funds for energy modernization of their homes. The article presents the classification of the main losses of electricity and states that along with the term “losses of electricity”, the term “losses of electricity in electrical networks during its transportation” and “technological losses of electricity” are widely used. Modern electricity losses also include direct thefts of electricity, which are caused by deliberate changes in the circuits of measuring transformers of current, voltage, measuring circuits and electricity meters, as well as data changes in information systems for distortion. It is noted that in recent years the legislative framework of Ukraine has significantly improved, a large number of modern regulations have been developed to stimulate increased conscious electricity consumption by setting clear limits on the responsibility of businesses for the operation of their own utilities (including electricity) by establishing instrumental control on the border of balance ownership of objects. Such changes in the legislative field are dictated by the reorientation of Ukraine to European norms of thinking and management standards, the main message of which is the economic stimulation of the development of the energy sector. The considered normative legal acts regulating the issue of installation of general household commercial electricity meters allowed to come to the conclusion that the state, with the help of the National Commission for State Regulation of Energy and Utilities, consciously takes into account future electricity losses in tariffs for service distribution (transmission) of electricity. This approach is unacceptable due to the violation of the principle of fairness and efficiency. The article emphasizes that energy saving should become not just a priority for Ukraine, but one of the main goals on the way to building the country's economy.

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Ожерельев, Виктор, Viktor Ozherelev, Мария Ожерельева, and Mariya Ozhereleva. "Energy saving resources of the utilities of Bryansk." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2015, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22745.

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In the article current problems and prospects of innovative development of energy saving systems in public utilities have been shown. The structure of the hydraulic turbine, which can convert po-tential energy of falling used water into the electric energy, have been designed. Economic effect from the implementation of the invention has been counted

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Tleppayev, Arsen, and Assel Azhibayeva. "Investment attractiveness of energy saving measures." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001010.

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The problem of energy efficiency of buildings is especially relevant in Kazakhstan. According to the state policy of innovative development of national economy, in recent decades, it has been necessary to solve the problems of saving energy resources, introducing renewable energy technologies and increasing energy efficiency. One of the most important issues of energy saving and energy efficiency is the problem of sustainable functioning and innovative development of housing and communal services in Kazakhstan, which is directly related to the modernization of residential buildings in order to reduce operating costs and improve energy efficiency. Analysis and study of economic approaches to financing energy efficiency measures are especially important in the framework of almost implemented projects for the modernization of housing and communal services.

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Hu, Biao, and Wen Peng Sun. "Research on Green Residential Buildings Based on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.331.

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Recent years, China's government looks real estate as the main driving force to promote the economic growth. However, due to the using construction materials have such characteristics as non-renewable and not saving, the environment bear severe load. The article analysis a specific of typical residential construction, drawing their material existing problems and proposing the introduction of the concept of green housing, which can crack the problems.

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Shi, Qian Fei, and Lei Lei Zhao. "Research on Energy Saving Design Strategy of New Traditional Residence in Jinzhong, China." Advanced Materials Research 689 (May 2013): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.134.

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The research of traditional residence in Jinzhong,Shanxi shows that there are many disadvantages in ecology and energy saving, which seriously hinders the sustainable development of the new rural construction. Aiming at the existing problems, analysis is conducted by combining with the regional climate, economic and natural energy conditions,suggestions of energy-saving design of improvement is proposed in the paper, which provides guidance for energy-saving design of local new rural construction.

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MARATOVICH, Kaparov Nurtaza, Zhibek OMARKHANOVA, Rakhisheva Aida BEKARYSOVNA, Saulebaevna Saule SAPARBAYEVA, Zakirova Dilnara IKRAMKHANOVNA, and Ainakanova BAKYTGUL. "Development of Production and Investment Measures for Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency in Rural Areas." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 11, no. 5 (August 30, 2020): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.11.5(45).22.

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The relevance of the research topic is that energy-saving is the key element of modern energy development in the country. In Kazakhstan, energy-saving, and improving the energy efficiency of agriculture is currently a priority task that will solve energy, environmental and economic problems. Without a solution to these problems, the country's development will inevitably hold back. The head of state in the field of energy conservation has set a goal to reduce the energy intensity of the gross domestic product by at least 25% by 2020, and annual energy-savings of 3.5% after 2020. Industry in rural areas consumes more than 70 % of all electricity. As part of the comprehensive plan, their energy audit was conducted 50/50 (50 % of the financing is the enterprises' funds, the remaining 50 % is the state budget). As a result of the energy audit, systematic measures were developed to reduce the energy intensity of the industry, including the electric power industry. Large unproductive losses of energy resources are in the private sector, in this connection, since 2019, the energy audit of JSC "Kazakhstan center for modernization and development of housing and communal services (housing and communal services)" is conducted on budget funds in the private sector. Energy conservation is one of the most important and strategic tasks of the country. Rapidly developing production requires additional energy costs. This is confirmed by the annual increase in energy tariffs. In turn, resources are not unlimited, and their irrational consumption will inevitably lead to not only economic but also to an environmental crisis.

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Bakulina, Anna A., Dmitry V. Karpukhin, and Marina A. Lapina. "Lighting Products Problems of Technical and Legal Regulation of Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency." Volume 26, Number 4, 2018, no. 04-2018 (December 2018): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2018-086.

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One of the key problems in the state of the Russian energy sector is the creation of effective energysaving technologies for both organizations and ordinary consumers. The forecast of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, mentions low volumes of energy saving in the sphere of final consumption as one of the threats to Russia’s economic development. In 2009, the Federal Law No. 261FZ “On Energy Saving and Increasing Energy Efficiency” was adopted. The corresponding Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 961 of September 20, 2014 prescribes the creation of a database on the most effective technologies used in apartment houses, administrative and public buildings. Federal Law No. 184FZ of December 27, 2002 (as amended on July 29, 2017) “On Technical Regulation” establishes an imperative order, according to which technical and legal regulation in the field of application of energy efficiency requirements, requirements for lighting devices, electric lamps, used for lighting purposes, should be implemented at the level of the federal law approving the relevant normative legal act. However, as of today this federal law has not been adopted. The technical and legal regulation of lighting products is carried out fragmentarily, at the level of national standards. The adoption of a federal law that establishes a technical regulation for lighting products will effectively respond to the challenge outlined in Presidential Decree No. 208 of May 13, 2017 “On the Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation for the Period until 2030” regarding the development of energysaving technologies and reducing the material consumption.

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Zhou, Chuan Lin, Chao Cheng Zheng, and Dong Xiang Cheng. "Application of Energy Saving Technology in Roadbed Materials." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.333.

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Energy conservation is a longer period of a Chinas national policy, and the most important in economic sustainable development. With continuous rapid development in China's transport, problems as environmental pollution, high energy consumption, and low energy efficiency have arisen, which called for research, production and implementation of energy saving materials that would be the firm foundation of environmentally sustainable transport infrastructure in road traffic system. Currently, the application of advanced technology and brand new material used in pavement is beneficial for saving energy, reducing noise, and improving the economic viability of renewable energy. Various research projects have provided insights on how the use of energy efficient materials brings relatively exciting results as an essential prerequisite for sustainable development of the transport system. Therefore, the value of the broad application of sustainable, recycled materials utilized in road was clarified and illustrated by presenting some of the latest achievements in construction of sustainable infrastructure in road.

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Дисертації з теми "Economic problems of energy saving"

Сотник, Ірина Миколаївна, Ирина Николаевна Сотник, Iryna Mykolaivna Sotnyk, Юрій Олександрович Мазін, Юрий Александрович Мазин та Yurii Oleksandrovych Mazin. "Економічні проблеми та перспективи розвитку енергосервісних компаній в Україні". Thesis, Видавничий дім «Гельветика», 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/39149.

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Обґрунтовано необхідність розбудови ринку енергозбереження в Україні та зростання його сегменту – сектору енергосервісних компаній. Розглянуто сутність та еволюцію енергосервісних компаній у світі та в Україні. Проаналізовано проблеми їх розвитку на українському ринку. Визначено основні напрями вирішення проблем.
Обоснована необходимость развития рынка энергосбережения в Украине и рост его сегмента - сектора энергосервисных компаний. Рассмотрены сущность и эволюция энергосервисных компаний в мире и в Украине. Проанализированы проблемы их развития на украинском рынке. Определены основные направления решения проблем.
The necessity of developing energy saving market in Ukraine and increase of its segment - sector energy service companies are substantiated. There are analyzed the essence and evolution of energy service companies in the world and in Ukraine. The problems of their development on the Ukrainian market are discovered. There are determined the main areas of problems solving.

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Шкарупа, Олена Василівна, Елена Васильевна Шкарупа, Olena Vasylivna Shkarupa, and V. V. Parkhomenko. "Economic aspects of energy saving in the housing complex." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8315.

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Identifying the main problems in the country's housing stock, possibly the introduction of energy saving measures to achieve budgetary savings and to ensure the necessary level of comfort of living. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8315

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Kabanova, L. "Energy use: economic and ecological problems." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8316.

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Кубатко, Олександр Васильович, Александр Васильевич Кубатко, Oleksandr Vasylovych Kubatko, and T. K. D. Phiri. "Economic analysis of resource saving in energy use in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40741.

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Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It shares its borders with Zambia to the northwest, Mozambique to the east, South Africa in the south and Botswana in the southwest. Zimbabwe relies mostly on hydroelectric power. Although in rural parts of the country, 80-90% of the people depend on wood fuel and kerosene for cooking lighting. While food processing tasks like milling grain are usually carried out with diesel-powered system.

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Мазін, Юрій Олександрович, Юрий Александрович Мазин, Yurii Oleksandrovych Mazin, Ірина Миколаївна Сотник, Ирина Николаевна Сотник, and Iryna Mykolaivna Sotnyk. "Resource saving at Ukrainian machine-building enterprise: economic advantages and problems." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8411.

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Kiss, Kristina, and P. G. Pererva. "Strategic problems of economic security of Ukraine." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/40227.

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Fedoruk, M. "Life cycle assessment of energy saving measures in buildings." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64686.

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The energy sector itself poses greаt chаllenges for most countries, especiаlly with the present finаnciаl аnd environmentаl circumstаnces аnd the need to enhаnce economic development while meeting climаte chаnge goаls.

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Шевцов, Сергій Валерійович, Сергей Валерьевич Шевцов, and Serhii Valeriiovych Shevtsov. "Energy effectiveness is a factor of advancement economic level of enterprise." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31720.

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Resource-saving – one of the most effective directions of development of the economy, which unite three components: energy, materials and technologies. It possesses a significant role in decrease material capacity of a social production, and resource intensity of our country production exceeds world level by 2-3 times. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31720

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Дюжев, Віктор Геннадійович. "Теоретико-методичні засади підвищення інноваційної сприйнятливості підприємств до технологій нетрадиційної відновлювальної енергетики". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/22745.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.04 – економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2016. У дисертаційній роботі запропоновано теоретико-методологічне узагальнення і нове вирішення науково-прикладної проблеми формування організаційно-економічних умов підвищення інноваційної сприйнятливості підприємств до технологій нетрадиційної відновлюваної енергетики. Розроблено комплекс понять інноваційної сприйнятливості, в тому числі "первинна інноваційна сприйнятливість", "вторинна інноваційна сприйнятливість", "корпоративна інноваційна сприйнятливість", "багаторівнева інноваційна сприйнятливість". Сформовано цільовий інноваційно-сприйнятливий підхід. Розроблено та запропоновано методичний підхід до комплексної оцінки соціально-економічної та еколого-техногенної ефективності технологій НВЕ. Запропоновано механізм підвищення ІС підприємства на основі активізації інноваційних блоків СУП і впровадження міжблокової підсистеми інноваційної сприйнятливості, запропоновано методичний підхід щодо формування гнучкої інноваційно-сприйнятливої структури підприємств як внутрішнього чинника підвищення його інноваційної сприйнятливості до технологій НВЕ. Розроблено комплексну параметрично-індексну багаторівневу модель опису процесу усвідомлення, оцінки та реалізації інноваційного потенціалу НВЕ в умовах як зовнішніх, так і внутрішніх факторів його реалізації.
Theses for the degree of doctor of economic sciences, specialty 08.00.04 - economy and the company's board (by economic activity). National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov, 2016. In this paper, the complex concepts of innovation receptivity, including "innovative primary susceptibility", "secondary innovation susceptibility", "innovative multi susceptibility." Formed target innovation-sensitive approach as the institutional concept. Developed the technique and comprehensive assessment of socio-economic and ecological technological efficiency technologies NVE. The mechanism increase enterprise IP-based EMS units enhance innovation and introduction of innovative subsystem mizhblokovoyi susceptibility proposed methodical approach to innovation and a flexible structure susceptible domestic enterprises as a factor increasing its susceptibility to innovative technologies NVE. Presented a comprehensive multi-index parametric model describing the process of awareness, evaluation and implementation of innovative potential NVE in terms of both external and internal factors of its implementation.

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Книги з теми "Economic problems of energy saving"

Popov, Rinad. System-synergetic aspect of energy and resource saving in construction and housing and communal services in the conditions of greening. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1318775.

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The monograph presents a constructive and critical analysis of the organizational foundations of modern practice of energy and resource conservation in territorial and economic systems, the core of which are capital construction and housing and communal services that are closely interrelated. In the form of a discussion, the scientific and applied problems of this area of public practice and the conceptual aspects of its resolution in the views of various authors are considered. The author's own views on a number of aspects of environmental management, energy and resource conservation in capital construction and housing and communal services are substantiated.

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Nadel, Steven. Smart energy policies: Saving money and reducing pollutant emissions through greater energy efficiency. Washington, D.C: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, 2001.

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Newell, Richard G. The induced innovation hypothesis and energy-saving technological change. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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India and Russia: Problems in ensuring energy security. New Delhi: Published by Academic Foundation in association with Institute of Public Enterprise, Hyderabad, Indian Council for Social Science Research, New Delhi, 2011.

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Johnson, Paul. Saving and Spending: The working-class economy in Britain 1870-1939. Oxford, UK: Clarendon, 1985.

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Dorian, James P. CIS Energy and Minerals Development: Prospects, Problems and Opportunities for International Cooperation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993.

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The problems of plenty: Energy and international politics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.

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Green computing: Tools and techniques for saving energy, money, and resources. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2014.

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Energy shocks and the world economy: Adjustment policies and problems. New York: Praeger, 1989.

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Cowhey, Peter F. The problems of plenty: Energy policy and international politics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.

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Частини книг з теми "Economic problems of energy saving"

Malikh, Olga Evgenevna, Maria Evgenevna Konovalova, Olga Yurevna Kuzmina, and Alexander Michailovich Michailov. "The Problem of Energy Saving and Its Solution in the Conditions of Formation of a New Model of Economic Development." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 79–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11367-4_7.

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Petrecca, Giovanni. "Economic Analysis of Energy-Saving Investments." In Energy Conversion and Management, 301–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06560-1_19.

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Poli, Tiziana, Riccardo Paolini, Andrea Giovanni Mainini, Giorgio Pansa, Enrico De Angelis, and Matteo Fiori. "Energy Problems Analysis." In Sustainable Social, Economic and Environmental Revitalization in Multan City, 125–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02117-1_10.

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Petrecca, Giovanni. "Principles of Economic analysis of Energy-Saving Investments." In Industrial Energy Management: Principles and Applications, 403–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3160-9_20.

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Siddayao, Corazón Morales. "Estimation Problems: The Complementarity/Substitution Issue." In Energy Demand and Economic Growth, 81–101. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429038563-6.

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Martín, Nieves García, Gerardo Sabater-Grande, Aurora García-Gallego, Nikolaos Georgantzis, Iván Barreda-Tarrazona, and Enrique Belenguer. "Economic Experiments Used for the Evaluation of Building Users’ Energy-Saving Behavior." In Energy Performance of Buildings, 107–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20831-2_7.

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Siddayao, Corazón Morales. "Estimation Problems: Income and Price Elasticities of Energy." In Energy Demand and Economic Growth, 54–80. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429038563-5.

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Li, Hong. "Research and Development of New Energy-Saving, Environmentally Friendly Fiber Glass Technology." In 78th Conference on Glass Problems, 201–20. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119519713.ch18.

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Okamoto, Satoru. "Energy Saving in a Hospital : Assessing Economic and Technical Potential." In Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment, 1305–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_245.

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Gan, Jia-hua, Xiao-ming Zhang, and Ze-bin Huang. "Economic Evaluation of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction for ETC." In LTLGB 2012, 111–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34651-4_21.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Economic problems of energy saving"

Yokoyama, Ryohei, and Koichi Ito. "Multiobjective Robust Optimal Design of a Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant Under Uncertain Energy Demands." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0208.

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A multiobjective robust optimal design method based on the minimax regret criterion is proposed for sizing equipment of energy supply plants so that they are robust in economic and energy saving characteristics under uncertain energy demands. Equipment capacities and utility contract demands as well as energy flow rates are determined to minimize a weighted sum of the maximum regrets in the annual total cost and primary energy consumption, and satisfy all the possible energy demands. This optimization problem is formulated as a kind of multilevel linear programming one, and its solution is derived by repeatedly evaluating lower and upper bounds for the optimal value of the weighted sum of the maximum regrets. Through a case study on a gas turbine cogeneration plant for district energy supply, the trade-off relationship between the robustness in economic and energy saving characteristics is clarified.

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Lynghjem, Arne, and Terje Heltne. "Operational Experience and Energy-Saving Improvements on Offshore Gas Turbine Driven Compressor Trains." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-325.

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The efficient operation of offshore gas turbine driven compressor trains is becoming more and more important. With the introduction of the CO2 tax on fuelgas in Norway, the operating costs have dramatically changed. It is now necessary to focus on energy-saving operation and maintenance in order to include the influence of CO2 taxation. In the Statfjord and Gullfaks fields, the LM2500 high efficiency aeroderivative gasturbines have been in operation for several years, and the operational experience is presented and discussed here with regard to efficiency and reliability. An optimised gas turbine maintenance program has been introduced in order to obtain energy-saving and cost reduction. The problems relating to the gas compression trains are discussed with regard to energy conservation and reliability. Off design operating conditions on compressors have caused problems, both with regard to power losses and machinery safeguard control systems. Energy-saving improvements have been implemented on the compressors and the system they are working in. The reliable operation of the compressors can be put at risk by the shaft-sealing system. It is of vital importance to ensure correct operation of seal system in order to obtain safe and economical operation. Improvements to shaft-sealing systems are discussed.

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Nejati, Vahid, and Jalil Roknizadeh. "Feasibility and Economic Evaluation of Applying Two Alternative Energy (R.D.F. and T.D.F) in Cement Industries in Iran." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6427.

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In 2012, approximately 3700 million tons of cement is produced all around the world. Iran by producing 65 million tons cement in 2012 is ranked in fifth. Production process of the cement requires a huge amount of energy and it is approximated that 25% to 35% (based on efficiency of factories) of total costs in cement industries belong to required heat energy in production process. To produce 65 million tons of cement in Iran, about 56×1012 kcal of heat energy is consumed. Thus applying the new and cheep sources of energy could play an important role in reducing energy costs. On the other hand one of the important environmental problems is the absolutely huge amount of used tire of vehicles and the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and they should be appropriately destroyed. As a result they can easily change to Tire-Derived Fuel (TDF) and Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) to provide the required heat energy in cement industries. In this study the available amount of RDF and TDF for cement industry are estimated. The evaluation results show that in Iran TDF can only provide about 1.77 percent of this need. Also using RDF, whose production has large potential in Iran, can cover about 27.96 percent. It is concluded that reduction of 29.73 percent of fossil fuel consumption in cement industries stem from applying both of these fuels simultaneously, leading to gas saving about two billion cubic meters per year. It is determined that the export value of such volume of gas is equal to one billion and ten million dollars with current gas price. However there is no tendency for using the alternative energy by cement factories because of low price of oil and natural gas inside Iran than global rate. In fact at the moment applying RDF and TDF doesn’t have any benefit for cement factories. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of using alternative fuels in the cement industry in Iran and to show that for persuading and encouraging the cement factories to apply RDF and TDF, instead of increasing the energy prices, the revenue from fuel savings in global rate should be paid directly to cement industries.

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Bing, Wei, and Li Li. "Optimization for Heating System Schemes Based on GRA Method." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54080.

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In China, the overall economical performances of heating systems are not very high, there are still some problems of high energy consumption, high gas emission and low heat utilization. The energy conversation and emission reduction are two most important things. The option of the heating system schemes is the key to improve such situation. An optimal heating scheme will be a good beginning to the whole heating system. In this paper, the GRA (Grey Relation Analysis) method is introduced and used, and with the example of a heating district, the most used and upcoming used heating schemes are listed, calculated and compared by using the method of GRA. The option of a heating system scheme is a typical multi-objective decision-making problem. The schemes are the district boiler heating system (including gas-fired, oil-fired, and coal-fired boilers), solar energy heat pump system and combined heating and power system etc. In the process of optimization calculation, the aspects of energy saving, economics benefit, environment benefit and social benefit are concerned about, and the initial cost, operating cost, employment life, environment influence and system reliability are taken into account. According to the calculation results, combined heating and power system is proposed to be optimal heating system scheme.

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Yokoyama, Ryohei. "Optimal Configuration Design of Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plants by a MILP Decomposition Approach." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27565.

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To attain the highest economic and energy saving characteristics of gas turbine cogeneration plants, it is necessary to rationally determine capacities and numbers of gas turbines and auxiliary equipment in consideration of their operational strategies corresponding to seasonal and hourly variations in energy demands. Some optimization approaches based on the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) have been proposed to such configuration design problems of energy supply plants. However, with increases in the numbers of the equipment which must be considered as candidates as well as the periods which must be set for variations in energy demands, the optimal configuration design problems become too large-scale and complex to solve. The author has proposed a MILP decomposition approach to obtain quasi-optimal solutions of the optimal configuration design problems in reasonable computation times. However, this approach has been limited to the optimal configuration design problems where equipment capacities are treated continuously. In this paper, the MILP decomposition approach is extended to the optimal configuration design problems where equipment capacities are treated discretely. The effectiveness of this extended approach is investigated through a numerical study on a gas turbine cogeneration plant.

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Zhang, Jian, Shibo Ma, Jianyong Hu, Xiaodong Yu, and Fulin Cai. "Application of Pressure Regulating Valve in the Hydraulic Transients of Hydropower Plant." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55261.

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In the operation of the hydropower station, the sudden change of load in the large range often happen, the emergency closing law of turbine guide vane is difficult to control speed-rise and pressure-rise to the extent permitted for the length of pressure pipeline longer and discharge larger. With the development of the surge chamber of alternative technique, the pressure regulating valve is used to reduce the large pressure and speed-rise of the unit in hydraulic transients as the effective measure to saving investments. The layout of water conveyance system and process of hydraulic transients of a certain hydropower in China are analyzed, and the pressure regulating valve is installed in the spiral case inlet to meet the hydraulic regulation calculation guarantee after technical and economic comparison, for the joint action of valve and turbine guide vane, the pipeline water hammer pressure and unit speed-rise are reduced effectively. The pressure regulating valve diameter and opening and closing law in combination with the turbine guide vane are discussed in the power station, as well as the possible problems may be caused by the using of the pressure regulating valve is pointed out in theory. The achievements to scheme decision of adopting the pressure regulating valve to replace the surge chamber in high-head hydropower station with longer pressure water conveyance system can be for reference and provide the certain technological supply.

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Gamou, Satoshi, Koichi Ito, and Ryohei Yokoyama. "Optimal Operational Planning of Cogeneration Systems With Microturbine and Desiccant Air-Conditioning Units." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53683.

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Economic and energy-saving characteristics of cogeneration systems with microturbine and desiccant air-conditioning units are investigated on system operational planning. An optimization approach is adopted to rationally evaluate these characteristics. In this approach, on/off and rated/part load status of operation of equipment and energy flow rates are determined so as to minimize the hourly energy charge subject to satisfaction of energy demand requirements. In this optimization problem, performance characteristics of the microturbine and desiccant air-conditioning units are modeled in consideration of the influence due to ambient air temperature. Moreover, the influence due to ambient air humidity is also considered in the desiccant air-conditioning unit using the psychrometric diagram. The implementation of the numerical analysis method, discussed in this paper, to two cogeneration systems, clearly shows economic and operational benefits of using desiccant air-conditioning.

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Liang, H. X., and Q. W. Wang. "Evaluation of Energy Efficiency for a CCHP System With Available Microturbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27883.

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This paper deals with the problem of energy utilization efficiency evaluation of a microturbine system for Combined Cooling, Heating and Power production (CCHP). The CCHP system integrates power generation, cooling and heating, which is a type of total energy system on the basis of energy cascade utilization principle, and has a large potential of energy saving and economical efficiency. A typical CCHP system has several options to fulfill energy requirements of its application, the electrical energy can be produced by a gas turbine, the heat can be generated by the waste heat of a gas turbine, and the cooling load can be satisfied by an absorption chiller driven by the waste heat of a gas turbine. The energy problem of the CCHP system is so large and complex that the existing engineering cannot provide satisfactory solutions. The decisive values for energetic efficiency evaluation of such systems are the primary energy generation cost. In this paper, in order to reveal internal essence of CCHP, we have analyzed typical CCHP systems and compared them with individual systems. The optimal operation of this system is dependent upon load conditions to be satisfied. The results indicate that CCHP brings 38.7 percent decrease in energy consumption comparing with the individual systems. A CCHP system saves fuel resources and has the assurance of economic benefits. Moreover, two basic CCHP models are presented for determining the optimum energy combination for the CCHP system with 100kW microturbine, and the more practical performances of various units are introduced, then Primary Energy Ratio (PER) and exergy efficiency (α) of various types and sizes systems are analyzed. Through exergy comparison performed for two kinds of CCHP systems, we have identified the essential principle for high performance of the CCHP system, and consequently pointed out the promising features for further development.

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Gulin, S. V., and A. G. Pirkin. "RE-ENGINEERING OF BUSINESS PROCESSES IN CREATION AND OPERATION OF ELECTROTECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF ECONOMY." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.525-529.

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The article proposes a universal methodology of business reengineering in solving the problems of designing, creating and operating electrotechnological systems using modern energy-saving lighting equipment. This methodology has been tested on the example of redesigning the processes of creating and operating irradiation plants for new generation greenhouses with an intelligent re-illumination system that allows growing vegetables year-round.

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Abdullah, Mohammad Omar, Voon Chun Yung, Audra Anak Jom, Alvin Yeo Wee, Martin Anyi, Khairuddin B. Ab Hamid, John Tarawe, and James Tarawe. "Energy Sustainability Study of a Rural ICT Telecenter at the Bario Highland." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36061.

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The eBario project has won the eAsia Award and the Mondialogo Engineering Award in 2004 and 2005 respectively for it’s successful implementation of an Information and Telecommunications Technology Center (ICT) and solar renewable energy-incentive rural community project at the Bario Highland of Sarawak, East Malaysia, Borneo (http://www.unimas.my/ebario/). Although solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has been opted for power generation at the ICT Telecenter for the past five years, there is still a need to investigate the cost-effectiveness of the current energy setup as well as to conduct sustainability study taking into account factors such as system efficiency, weather, costs of fuel, operating costs, as well as to explore the feasibility of implementing alternative energy resources for the rural ICT Telecenter. Recent theoretical study conducted has shown that renewable combined power systems are more sustainable in terms of supplying electricity to the ICT Telecenter, and in a more cost-effective way compared to a standalone PV system which is subject to the cloud and the recent dense haze problems. For that purpose, two combined power systems are being put into consideration namely PV-Hydro and PV-Hydro-Fuel Cell, where the total simulated annualized cost for these two system configurations are US$10,847 and US$76,010 respectively as far as the present location is concerned. The PVHydro-Fuel Cell produces electrical energy at the amount of 3,577 kWh/yr while the annual energy consumption is 3,203 kWhr/yr. On the other hand, PV-Hydro produces 3,789 kWhr/yr of electricity annually load which consumes energy at 3,209 kWhr/yr. Results thus obtained has shown that the PVHydro scheme is expected to have advantages over the existing PV standalone system. Firstly, it is more cost-effective. Secondly, it provides the best outcomes for the local indigenous community and the natural highland environments both for now and the future. Thirdly, it also able to relate the continuity of both economic and social aspects of the local society as a whole. As the combined PV-Hydro system had been chosen, plus for completeness purposes, the present paper also discussed the custom design and construction of a small waterwheel breast-shot hydro-generator, suited to the local location and existing water energy resources. Energy saving design calculations and Sankey diagram showing the energy flows for the new combined system are also given herein. Finally, the energy system performance equations and the performance curves introduced in this study provide a new simple method of evaluating renewable energy systems.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Economic problems of energy saving"

Hawkins, Keith D. An Assessment of Brazil's Economic and Energy Problems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada202090.

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Sanstad, A. H., J. G. Koomey, and M. D. Levine. On the economic analysis of problems in energy efficiency: Market barriers, market failures, and policy implications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10163874.

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Friedman, Shmuel, Jon Wraith, and Dani Or. Geometrical Considerations and Interfacial Processes Affecting Electromagnetic Measurement of Soil Water Content by TDR and Remote Sensing Methods. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580679.bard.

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Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and other in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods for determining the soil water content had become standard in both research and practice in the last two decades. Limitations of existing dielectric methods in some soils, and introduction of new agricultural measurement devices or approaches based on soil dielectric properties mandate improved understanding of the relationship between the measured effective permittivity (dielectric constant) and the soil water content. Mounting evidence indicates that consideration must be given not only to the volume fractions of soil constituents, as most mixing models assume, but also to soil attributes and ambient temperature in order to reduce errors in interpreting measured effective permittivities. The major objective of the present research project was to investigate the effects of the soil geometrical attributes and interfacial processes (bound water) on the effective permittivity of the soil, and to develop a theoretical frame for improved, soil-specific effective permittivity- water content calibration curves, which are based on easily attainable soil properties. After initializing the experimental investigation of the effective permittivity - water content relationship, we realized that the first step for water content determination by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method, namely, the TDR measurement of the soil effective permittivity still requires standardization and improvement, and we also made more efforts than originally planned towards this objective. The findings of the BARD project, related to these two consequential steps involved in TDR measurement of the soil water content, are expected to improve the accuracy of soil water content determination by existing in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods and to help evaluate new water content sensors based on soil electrical properties. A more precise water content determination is expected to result in reduced irrigation levels, a matter which is beneficial first to American and Israeli farmers, and also to hydrologists and environmentalists dealing with production and assessment of contamination hazards of this progressively more precious natural resource. The improved understanding of the way the soil geometrical attributes affect its effective permittivity is expected to contribute to our understanding and predicting capability of other, related soil transport properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients of solutes and gas molecules. In addition, to the originally planned research activities we also investigated other related problems and made many contributions of short and longer terms benefits. These efforts include: Developing a method and a special TDR probe for using TDR systems to determine also the soil's matric potential; Developing a methodology for utilizing the thermodielectric effect, namely, the variation of the soil's effective permittivity with temperature, to evaluate its specific surface area; Developing a simple method for characterizing particle shape by measuring the repose angle of a granular material avalanching in water; Measurements and characterization of the pore scale, saturation degree - dependent anisotropy factor for electrical and hydraulic conductivities; Studying the dielectric properties of cereal grains towards improved determination of their water content. A reliable evaluation of the soil textural attributes (e.g. the specific surface area mentioned above) and its water content is essential for intensive irrigation and fertilization processes and within extensive precision agriculture management. The findings of the present research project are expected to improve the determination of cereal grain water content by on-line dielectric methods. A precise evaluation of grain water content is essential for pricing and evaluation of drying-before-storage requirements, issues involving energy savings and commercial aspects of major economic importance to the American agriculture. The results and methodologies developed within the above mentioned side studies are expected to be beneficial to also other industrial and environmental practices requiring the water content determination and characterization of granular materials.

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Muelaner, Jody. The Challenges of Vehicle Decarbonization. SAE International, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022se1.

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A narrow focus on electrification and elimination of tailpipe emissions is unlikely to achieve decarbonization objectives. Renewable power generation is unlikely to keep up with increased demand for electricity. A focus on tailpipe emissions ignores the significant particulate pollution that “zero emission” vehicles still cause. It is therefore vital that energy efficiency is improved. Active travel is the key to green economic growth, clean cities, and unlocking the energy saving potential of public transport. The Challenges of Vehicle Decarbonization reviews the urgent need to prioritize active travel infrastructure, create compelling mass-market cycling options, and switch to hybrid powertrains and catenary electrification for long-haul heavy trucks. The report also warns of the potential increase in miles travelled with the advent of personal automated vehicles as well as the pitfalls of fossil-fuel derived hydrogen power.

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Erkamo, Sanna, Karoliina Pilli-Sihvola, Atte Harjanne, and Heikki Tuomenvirta. Climate Security and Finland – A Review on Security Implications of Climate Change from the Finnish Perspective. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361362.

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This report describes the effects of climate change for Finland from the view of comprehensive security. The report examines both direct and indirect climate security risks as well as transition risks related to climate change mitigation. The report is based on previous research and expert interviews. Direct security risks refer to the immediate risks caused by the changing nature of natural hazards. These include the risks to critical infrastructure and energy systems, the logistics system, health and food security. Indirect security risks relate to the potential economic, political and geopolitical impacts of climate change. Climate change can affect global migration, increase conflict risk, and cause social tensions and inequality. Transition risks are related to economic and technological changes in energy transition, as well as political and geopolitical tensions and social problems caused by climate change mitigation policies. Reducing the use of fossil fuels can result in domestic and foreign policy tensions and economic pressure especially in locations dependent on fossil fuels. Political tension can also increase the risks associated with hybrid and information warfare. The security effects of climate change affect all sectors of society and the Finnish comprehensive security model should be utilized in preparing for them. In the short run, the most substantial arising climate change related security risks in Finland are likely to occur through indirect or transition risks. Finland, similar to other wealthy countries, has better technological, economic and institutional conditions to deal with the problems and risks posed by climate change than many other countries. However, this requires political will and focus on risk reduction and management.

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Saavedra, José Jorge, and Gerard Alleng. Sustainable Islands: Defining a Sustainable Development Framework Tailored to the Needs of Islands. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002902.

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Like other Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Caribbean island economies have intrinsic characteristics that make them vulnerable to external shocks. The recent pandemic highlights the structural problems of small island economies. Due to their remote location and small size, islands lack economies of scale and rely on global supply chains, which are currently disrupted. Islands depend either on service-based economic activities like tourism, which are being affected during the current crisis, or on a single commodity, which makes them extremely vulnerable. Islands must rethink their approach to development, adopting one of sustainable development. The Sustainable Islands Platform aims to create a new approach that targets the needs of Caribbean islands and prescribes circular economy-inspired interventions in key areas such as sanitation, waste management, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy, transportation, and health. Traditional approaches have not proven successful in solving developing problems on SIDS. Therefore, a new concept that considers islands in a new way should be considered.

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Mehmood, Hamid. Bibliometrics of Water Research: A Global Snapshot. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/eybt8774.

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This report examines the various dimensions of global water-related research over the 2012-2017 period, using extensive bibliographic data. The review covers trends in water-related publications and citations, the relative importance of water-related research in the overall body of scientific research, flows of water-related knowledge between countries and the dynamics of water research publishing opportunities. In summary, it shows that: less than 50% of all countries are publishing water-related research, that China and USA are the two top publishers, and that China’s publishing rate has been growing steadily over the study period. More than 70% of water related publications originating in USA are being cited globally, while China’s water research output appears to be primarily internally cited at present. Analysis of the global water knowledge flows suggests that research is hardly addressing a range of regional water challenges. Countries with protracted water problems – for example in infrastructure, environment, agriculture, energy solutions – do not seem to be at the forefront of water research production or knowledge transfer. Instead, global water research is reliant on Western, particularly US-produced, scientific outputs. A disconnect is also observed between the percentage increase in the publication and the number of citations, suggesting low quality or a narrow focus of many publications. Among other factors, this may reflect the pressure on researchers to contribute a certain number of publications per year, or of the progressively increasing role of grey literature in scientific discourse that ‘diverts’ some citation flow. Analysis of the number of research publications per million people suggests that water research does not necessarily emerge as a reaction to water scarcity in a specific country, but may be driven by the traditional economic value of water supply, geopolitical location, a focus on regional development - including cross-border water management - or development aid spending, or globally applicable research in water management. The proportion of water research in the overall research output of a country is small, including for some of the top-publishing countries. The number of water-related journals that create opportunities for publishing water research, has grown dramatically in absolute terms since 2000, and is now close 2100 journals. The metrics used in this report are based on readily available bibliographic data. They can be further focused to better understand a specific thematic domain, geographical region or country, or to analyze a different period. To help accelerate solutions to global and national water challenges that many of these research papers are highlighting, the water research community needs to look beyond the research ‘box’ and identify ways to measure development impact of water research programmes, rather ‘impact’ based solely on academic impact measured in citations. The research findings, learning and knowledge in these research publications needs to be conveyed in a practical way to the real users of this knowledge – stakeholders who are beyond research circles.

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