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Статті в журналах з теми "Economic assistance – International cooperation"
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Medvid, Victoria. "The Main Phases of Ukraine’s Cooperation with International Donors in the Field of International Technical Assistance Projects Implementation (1992-2014)." European Historical Studies, no. 8 (2017): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2017.08.221-230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyzes key aspects of Ukraine’s cooperation with International Donors in the period from 1992 to 2014. The article deals with the concept of “international technical assistance” and its involvement in Ukraine, the main directions of international cooperation. It provides the views of scholars on development assistance, its impact on the economy, the development of democracy etc. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of the main phases of International Technical Assistance projects’ implementation. The historiography and documents concerning the International Technical Assistance overview as the one of the ways of international cooperation of Ukraine (1992-2014) have been unfolded. The author identifies three main phases of international technical cooperation based on data from the Ministry of Economic Policy and Trade of Ukraine: 1) from1992 to 1996; 2) from 1996 to 2002; 3) from 2002 to 2014. The article describes the conceptual apparatus relating the involvement of the international aid, the concept of technical assistance and how it presents the Ukrainian international affairs. The data of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, a number of registered projects from 1996 to 2014 have been presented and analyzed. The vectors of international cooperation in the field of the implementation of international technical assistance projects, their interdependence with social and political issues and the policy of the state have been determined. The author also analyzes the statistics of the registered International Technical Assistance projects during 1992-2014. The aspects of public policy related to development assistance have been analyzed. The historical preconditions of the “development assistance” concept have been explained, the basic scientific positions on the impact of the donor development assistance upon the recipient country have been given.
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Loriaux, Sylvie. "Fairness in international economic cooperation: moving beyond Rawls’s duty of assistance." Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 15, no. 1 (January 2012): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2011.572427.
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Feldstein, Martin S. "Distinguished Lecture on Economics in Government: Thinking About International Economic Coordination." Journal of Economic Perspectives 2, no. 2 (May 1, 1988): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.2.2.3.
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I am not opposed to international cooperation in all economic matters, but in this lecture, I stress the counterproductive consequences of the international coordination of macroeconomic policy. I believe that many of the claimed advantages of cooperation and coordination are wrong, that there are substantial risks and disadvantages to the types of coordination that are envisioned, and that an emphasis on international coordination can distract attention from the necessary changes in domestic policy. Moreover, the attempt to pursue coordination in a wide range of macroeconomic policies is likely to result in disagreements and disappointments that reduce the prospects for cooperation in those more limited areas of trade, defense, and foreign assistance where international cooperation is actually necessary. In stressing the limited scope for the international coordination of macroeconomic policy and exchange rates, I do not wish to imply that such action is never appropriate. There are some small and very interdependent countries where such coordination should undoubtedly be the general rule. There are also some conditions when the potential gains from coordination are such that all countries could expect to benefit from participation. But the active coordination of the macroeconomic policies and of exchange rates among the United States, Japan, and Germany will generally be inappropriate. Moreover, as I shall explain in these remarks, the United States is particularly unsuited to participate in an ongoing process of economic coordination.
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Guo, Shuyong, Yulin Sun, and Pavel Demidov. "The Role of BRICS in International Development Assistance." International Organisations Research Journal 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-02-06.
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With their growing economic power and international influence, the BRICS group of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa are paying increasing attention to international development assistance. Although the BRICS countries started later than western developed countries, the speed of their development is staggering and their share in foreign aid is gradually increasing. The BRICS countries continue to innovate forms of assistance and cooperation in their own international development assistance, to strengthen cooperation with recipient countries, and to plan their own foreign aid work through the establishment of relevant institutions and the publication of relevant documents. But, at the same time, the BRICS countries are facing certain challenges in the process of international development assistance. This article examines the historical practice of BRICS’ international development assistance, analyzes the role BRICS plays in international development assistance, and considers the future prospects for BRICS’ participation.
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Zavydnyak, Iryna. "THE CURRENT STAGE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE INVESTIGATION OF TRANSNATIONAL ECONOMIC CRIMES." Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, no. 4(37) (July 7, 2022): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2021-4(37)-12.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the current stage of legal regulation of international cooperation in the investigation of transnational economic crimes and the identification of shortcomings in international legal acts to determine the forms and directions of cooperation in the investigation of crimes of this category. On the example of international conventions in the field of international cooperation in criminal proceedings, bilateral agreements of Ukraine on international cooperation in the investigation of transnational economic crimes and multilateral regional conventions in the field of criminal procedure, it is shown that international cooperation of competent authorities of Ukraine and foreign countries. Transnational crimes are committed at three levels: universal, regional and bilateral. It is emphasized that bilateral agreements often contain significant gaps in legal regulation, especially in the area of certain types of mutual legal assistance in the investigation of transnational economic crimes, namely: they do not allow for the receipt and provision of comprehensive mutual legal assistance in criminal matters. economic crimes of a transnational nature; do not provide the prospect of expanding the range of forms of legal aid provided depending on the specific circumstances of the case and the state of criminal procedure legislation; do not contain norms on such areas of international cooperation in the investigation of transnational economic crimes as cooperation in the investigation of economic crimes committed with the use of modern computer technology, the use of video communications in proceedings, legal regulation of international search, arrest and confiscation assets obtained by criminal means, as well as proceeds from criminal activity (these areas are only mentioned in some bilateral agreements, without sufficient procedural details). Key words: legal regulation, international cooperation, economic crimes, transnational character, international conventions, bilateral agreements.
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Aldaghestani, Wesam Saheb. "International assistance to the Kingdom of Jordan." Международные отношения, no. 1 (January 2020): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2020.1.30891.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article discusses the questions of providing assistance by foreign countries and international organizations to the Kingdom of Jordan. Jordan is in the grip of Syrian crisis reflected in arrival of a significant number of refugees. This, in turn, affects the deterioration of the economic situation and security in the state. Jordan has received assistance from the Gulf Cooperation Council that played a key role in aiding Jordan during the local protests. The article uses the content analysis for declarations of Jordan, initiated by the Ministry of International Cooperation; as well as complex approach towards understanding an international subject that greatly contributes to this assistance. It is concluded the most assistance is provided by the United States and the neighboring Arab countries, which influences the political views of Jordan upon regional crucial problems. At the same time, Jordan faces financial deficit that led to organization of local demonstration on the Kingdom and put the Jordanian government into a situation of serious crisis.
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Petrenko, Anatolii. "Conventional Regulation of International Cooperation within OECD." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.93.
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A characteristic trend in the development of international law in the second half of the XX century and early XXI century is thesignificant expansion of the law-making function of international intergovernmental organizations, which are obtaining an increasinglyimportant role each year in resolving common issues in the political, economic, social, educational and other spheres, acting on behalfand in the interests of the states that formed them. In the system of international organizations of economic nature, an important placebelongs to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which unites 36 industrialized countries as at 2020. Duringalmost 70 years of the OECD existence, the organization has developed and adopted a wide variety of legal instruments aimed ataddressing the widest range of issues related to various sectors of the economy, the fight against corruption, education and science, theenvironment, etc., recommendations, declarations, international agreements, ad hoc instruments. Based on a purely quantitative indicator,legally binding international treaties have a relatively small percentage of the entire normative body of acts adopted under theOECD. In total, 13 conventions were adopted within its framework, 10 of which are in force today. However, the conventions, deve -loped under the aegis of the OECD, are quite successful examples of codification and progressive development of international law inthe fields of: anti-corruption (Convention to Combat Bribery of Foreign Officials in International Business Transactions of December17, 1997); administrative assistance in the field of taxation (Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters of January25, 1988 and Protocol amending the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters of May 27, 2010); counteractionto the tax base erosion and profit shift (Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosionand Profit Shifting of November 24, 2016); nuclear safety, liability for damage caused by nuclear incidents (Convention on theEstablishment of a Security Control in the Field of Nuclear Energy of December 20, 1957, Convention on Third Party Liability in theField of Nuclear Energy of July 29, 1960 (Paris Convention, 1960), Convention of 31 January 1963 Supplementary to the Paris Conventionof July 29, 1960 (Brussels Supplementary Convention).
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Armel, Kaze. "Trilateral Cooperation." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 06, no. 03 (January 2020): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740020500189.
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Over the years, China has forged and mastered its own distinctive foreign aid practices as an emerging aid donor. China’s approach to foreign assistance has become highly appreciated as the country’s stature as a provider of economic assistance has matured. In 2013, under President Xi Jinping, Beijing introduced the Belt and Road Initiative, which has become a leading component of China’s foreign policy and triggered a new round of policy reform in its foreign aid agenda. In Africa, China’s foreign assistance has kept in line with the policy of equal treatment. It has shared its development experience, helped many African countries to transition from “poor” to “developing”, from “aid recipients” to “wealth creators,” and many African countries are thus turning their interests from the West to the East. Certainly, the European Union as a traditional aid donor, remains the largest aid distributor in the world, especially in Africa. In other words, the EU’s foreign assistance has become an indispensable source of funding for many African countries. However, foreign aid effectiveness remains low on the African continent because of the absence of native African policymakers in aid programs designed and implemented by Beijing and Brussels. Some critics argue that Chinese and European assistance to Africa is not bringing about the best results as expected. This article argues that a new international architecture of foreign assistance through trilateral cooperation is needed to increase Chinese and European aid effectiveness in Africa. Trilateral cooperation will not only increase foreign assistance efficiency in Africa, but also give a chance to African countries to strengthen their own development capacity through assistance and guidance, reduce Africa’s aid dependence, and hopefully guarantee a smooth “graduation” of African countries from official development assistance.
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Wabwile, Michael. "Implementing the Social and Economic Rights of Children in Developing Countries: The Place of International Assistance and Cooperation." International Journal of Children's Rights 18, no. 3 (2010): 355–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181810x494308.
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AbstractIt is a common feature of the treaties on international protection of economic and social rights that all states, regardless of their resource capabilities, are invited to ratify these treaties. Although all developing countries except Somalia have ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the macroeconomic conditions of systemic poverty and underdevelopment in these countries indicate that there are concerns as to whether and how such states can really perform their legal obligations and guarantee the fulfilment of the Convention's economic and social rights. This article examines the emerging patterns of recent state practice in this area, with a view to identifying the contribution of international cooperation and assistance in these processes. The gist of the discussion presented here is that despite their macro-economic disadvantages, developing countries can accelerate the processes of achieving full implementation of economic and social rights if they have access to appropriate arrangements for external technical and financial cooperation and assistance. In view of this, it is suggested that there may be a legal obligation on the part of the international community to render such assistance and cooperation.
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Fujisawa, Jun. "The End of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no. 2 (2022): 532–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2022.213.
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This paper analyzes the negotiations within the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance during the final years of its existence, focusing on the Soviet reform proposals and M. S. Gorbachev’s vision of the “Common European Home” as well as on Eastern European reaction to them. In the second half of the 1980s, Gorbachev tried to found a “unified market” for the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance by introducing a market-oriented reform of the organization. However, this attempt did not materialize because of the East German and Romanian objections. After the collapse of Eastern European socialist regimes in 1989, the Soviet leadership urged the member-states to accelerate the reform of this international organization, hoping to achieve the pan-European economic integration through close cooperation between the totally reformed Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and the European Community. Although the Central European countries, namely Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland, aspired to join the EC individually, they agreed to participate in a successor organization of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance because the EC was not ready to accept them. Accordingly, by the beginning of 1991, all the member-states agreed to establish a consultative organization, which would be named the Organization for International Economic Cooperation). However, as the Soviet Union failed to sustain trade with the Central European countries, the three countries lost interest in the project. As a result, the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance was disbanded without any successor organization. In other words, it did not collapse automatically after 1989 but came to an end as a result of various factors, such as rapidly declining trade between the member-states, Western disinterest in the cooperation with it, and the Central European policy changes.
Дисертації з теми "Economic assistance – International cooperation"
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Galindo, Cespedes Jose Fernando. "Technical versus socio-technical : conflict in Bolivian and Dutch academic collaboration in irrigation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052172.
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Nkomana, Nqaba. "Good governance and democracy as political conditionalities for foreign aid: the case of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study was an investigation of the relationship between political conditionality and self-determination using Zimbabwe as a case study. The Zimbabwean land issue illustrates the challenges posed by external influences on supposedly autonomous domestic policy decision-making processes.
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Tierney, Michael J. "Commitments, credibility and international cooperation : the integration of Soviet successor states into western multilateral regimes /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3112193.
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Namandje, Teopolina Ndanyengwa. "Health foreign aid and health outcomes in Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97474.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The role of health foreign assistance in explaining health outcomes remains an unending debate. The study assessed the relationship between foreign health aid and three selected health indicators of interest: infant mortality rate, under-five mortality rate and life expectancy, with control variables such as government expenditure on health and general medical clinics and public health services in Namibia. The data used was from 1990 to 2013 although there was some missing data. It was found that all health indicators improve with an increase in foreign health aid except that it is more impactful (statistically significant) in the case of infant mortality rate. The regression analysis shows that a one percent increase in heath aid will result in a 0.03 decrease in infant mortality rate but this is statistically insignificant. A one percent increase in health aid will result in a 0.01 decline in under-five mortality. A one percent increase in health aid will result in 0.53 increase in life expectancy. The Granger causality test revealed a uni-causal relationship among most variables. An increase in government expenditure to health is accompanied by a decline in all indicators. Overall, based on correlation coefficients, aid is linearly related to health outcomes in Namibia. The study gives a tentative conclusion that foreign health aid slightly improves health outcomes in Namibia.
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Lwanga-Iga, Ivan. "Evaluation of international aid in Nelson Mandela Bay and Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007219.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International Aid or Official Development Assistance (ODA), especially its implementation and effectiveness, has long been and continues to be a vigorously contested matter amongst the stakeholders in the development arena. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ODA in two municipalities in the Eastern Cape – Buffalo City and Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipalities – during the period 2005–2010. This period coincided with the introduction of the Paris Declaration (PD), an intervention intended to improve the ODA or Aid landscape globally. This was also the period during which the so-called service delivery protests in almost all municipalities in South Africa escalated. A diversified methodology including both quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in this study while adhering to the evaluation framework of the Paris Declaration as recommended by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This framework put special focus on the five principles of ownership, alignment, harmonisation, managing for results and mutual accountability. Of particular significance in this study is the special attention paid to the actual beneficiaries on the ground, namely the communities, which is contrary to most existing Paris Declaration evaluations. The research findings suggested that there had been no conscious efforts to implement the Paris Declaration in the two municipalities that were investigated. Furthermore, the prevailing weaknesses in governance, coupled with both administrative and operational paralysis in these two institutions, provided for less than fertile ground for this intervention to thrive.The findings also highlighted that ODA programmes were very poorly known by most stakeholders, especially the communities who were supposed to benefit directly from this assistance. These results also underscored the partisan nature of ODA and how it influenced the perceptions of the various key players. The success and future of ODA programmes in South Africa, particularly in municipalities, will largely rely on “Active Citizenry”. Although ODA’s contribution to South Africa seems negligible in monetary terms, its significance lies among others in the innovations, piloting, risk mitigation, catalytic initiatives and capacity development it introduces or generates and which need to be correctly exploited, implemented and maximised. ODA in South Africa should therefore focus at the local level, the municipalities, which represent the interface between the citizens and the state. To ensure that the ensuing innovations are optimally cascaded down in an organised and effective manner to where they are mostly needed, ODA should preferably operate at the strategic level in municipalities. This would in turn assist in counteracting the current high levels of poverty and inequality in the country. Study findings further suggest that South Africa should cease its current ambivalence regarding ODA and refrain from the so-called “Triangular” ODA in support of the rest of Africa. The demands in it’s own back yard are steadily mounting. This is clearly reflected by the continuous service delivery protests and instability in several municipalities in South Africa.
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Booi, Lusu. "Millennium development goals: lessons from Brazil and Venezuela (2000-2015)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14675.
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This research looks at social policy making in Venezuela and Brazil with the objective of alleviating poverty, with special focus on meeting Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that were set in 2000. Considering the leftist democratic governments that have been established in Latin America since Hugo Chávez was elected president in 1998, and later with Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in 2002, the research seeks to understand and illustrate what nuances exist in strategy, ideas and implementation of social policy that would positively affect the underprivileged for a more equal and just society. The two countries have deep historical and structural inequalities from slavery, colonialism, imbalanced distribution of resources and like most developing nations of the Global South, have had to endure structural adjustments that have entrenched poverty levels further. Arguments in the past have been made for economic prosperity and economic growth as good indicators for development, however, the research takes a comparative analysis on how Venezuela (through Barrio Adentro and multiple state driven Missions) and Brazil (state supported Bolsa Familia and Universal Health System), have targeted health and education as the primary sectors not just to transform society but also because it is through these sectors that the most effective and efficient manner to measure human development which has thus far been neglected. The research also examines the leadership of the countries which speaks to the differing approaches adopted, style, rhetoric and political realities; and how they have been received not just domestically, but also internationally. The outcomes of the research illustrate a good link between literacy, education and health and a healthy level of state intervention that requires reciprocal social participation for programmes to succeed. Brazil and Venezuela have shown notable creativity and effectiveness in this regard.
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Shelver, Amy. "The AIDS of aid?: long-term organisation challenges of a CBO dealing with HIV/AIDS, poverty and donor aid." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012321.
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The following treatise first frames the role of CBOs in responding to the HIV/Aids crisis in relation to their position in the global health governance system through a literature survey that moves from an analysis of the global structures down to the local. The survey covers the role of international organisations, international NGOs (INGOs), national governments, local NGOs and CBOs and outlines the context in which Masizakhe is working within the global health governance structure. Secondly the research design and methodology are outlined focusing on the longitudinal, case study and participant--‐observation approaches. Hypotheses, conceptualisation, definitions, key variables are described and data collection methods and fieldwork practice extrapolated upon. Following that data capturing, editing and analysis are discussed in conjunction with shortcomings and sources of error. In the fourth chapter the research discusses the history, structure and outlines the research findings by comparing what has changed within the organisation over time, presenting and discussing the results. The outcomes of this research have shown that existing problems in this particular CBO are very difficult to overcome without committed, sustained support from donors, government, community and the organisation’s members. CBOs are often hamstrung by a series of intersecting factors which hamper their ability to problem--‐solve, even when the route to overcoming the problem is clear, particularly when the capacity and will to do so is not always present from both within the organisation and from outside support systems. These challenges then impact on the overall quality of and ability to deliver the services the organisation is structured to deliver. The major challenge for the organisation remains the inconsistent donor cycle and resultant instability thus created within an organisation already working in a highly volatile, unstable situation marked by poverty and disease. Thus the title, The Aids of Aid?, captures the essence of Masizakhe’s struggle with its own syndrome of problems. It summarises a comment made by the project secretary said that: “Sometimes it feels like we are not only fighting for the health of our people – We are fighting for the health of our organisation. We are a sick organisation trying to help sick people. All we need is donors and funding –we can’t live without them, and when they don't give, we get sick” (Stamper, Pers Comm, 2011). The other emergent challenges were a battle internally with ‘founder syndrome’, lack of management transparency and a dysfunctional board.
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Klyve, Christoffer Ringnes. "Public opinion and international development." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29407.
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This thesis explores public attitudes towards international development cooperation. Noting the lack of previous academic treatment of this particular topic, it includes an overview of available polling data on relevant questions, followed by a review of more general literature pertaining to public opinion towards foreign policy, as a macro-level concept. Finding the macro-level perspective insufficient, the thesis then explores one particular model for understanding public opinion on the individual level. The final chapter discusses in some detail how one particular form of development assistance---child sponsorship---might influence public opinion. Claims that child sponsorship necessarily has detrimental effects on public opinion are found to have little foundation in either empirical studies or relevant theory. Conclusive statements concerning any effect child sponsorship might have on public opinion are not made, but the thesis does argue that public opinion towards development assistance can, under certain conditions, be considered reasonable.
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Crawford, Paul Ward. "Aiding aid : a monitoring & evaluating framework to enhance international aid effectiveness /." Electronic version, 2004. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20041202.160749/index.html.
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Tasker, B. J. "South-South cooperation and international norm change : Brazil and Venezuela's Development Assistance Programmes, 2005-2016." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10050171/.
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This research explores the creation and dissemination of the South-South cooperation (SSC) norm regime as an alternative to the Northern-led cooperation model of the OECD Development Assistance Committee. Using Finnemore and Sikkink’s theory of the norm life cycle, it tracks SSC from its origins at Bandung in 1955 to its “tipping point” in 2009, as demonstrated in the Nairobi Resolution that solidified the SSC principles of respect for sovereignty, partnership, solidarity and mutual benefit. The aim of this research is to determine how the SSC norm regime was perceived in the South over the period 2005–2016. The focus is on the Latin American and Caribbean context, with Brazil and Venezuela identified as the two major actors in the region that emerged as SSC norm leaders during this time. Both countries used the tools of persuasion and demonstration to portray the value of SSC and promote the core SSC principles; however, they differed greatly in approach. These similarities and differences are explored via the case studies of two small Eastern Caribbean nations, St Lucia and Grenada. Using extensive interview data and programme information, the research examines how government officials and stakeholders in these two states, and throughout the region, perceived Brazil and Venezuela’s programmes and the SSC norm regime in general over this time period, and attempts to determine whether the regime gained traction in the South and to what extent.
Книги з теми "Economic assistance – International cooperation"
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Agency, Canadian International Development. CIDA and international cooperation: Canada's role in international development. Hull, Quebec: Canadian International Development Agency, 1998.
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Walter, Arensberg. Coordinating international development assistance. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, 1997.
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Kyōkai, Kokusai Kyōryoku Suishin, ed. A Look at ODA and international cooperation. Tokyo, Japan: APIC, 1990.
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Zhongguo dui wai jing ji mao yi bu zheng ce yan jiu shi., ed. Guide to China's foreign economic relations and trade: International economic cooperation. Hong Kong: Economic Information and Agency, 1989.
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Siitonen, Lauri. Political theories of development cooperation: A study of theories of international cooperation. Helsinki, Finland: WIDER Publications, 1990.
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Sentā, Nihon Kokusai Kōryū, and JCIE 15th Anniversary International Symposium the Role of Philanthropy in International Cooperation (1985 : Tokyo, Japan), eds. Japanese philanthropy and international cooperation. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Center for International Exchange, 1985.
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Agency, Canadian International Development. The Industrial Cooperation Program. [Ottawa]: Supply and Services, 1989.
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European Centre for Development Policy Management. Capacity and cooperation: ECDPM strategic plan, 1998-2000. Maastricht, The Netherlands: European Centre for Development Policy Management, 1997.
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Development cooperation: Challenges of the new aid architecture. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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1952-, Ojik Bram van, and Nederlandse Organisatie voor Internationale Bijstand, eds. Rarer than rubies: Reflections on development cooperation. Netherlands]: NOVIB, 1996.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Economic assistance – International cooperation"
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Polito, Fiorenzo. "I molti volti degli anni Ottanta nella cooperazione allo sviluppo. Nuovi paradigmi, riforme e ascesa delle Ong." In L’Italia repubblicana e gli aiuti internazionali, 179–200. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0389-0.09.
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The 1980s marked a pivotal moment for development cooperation, both globally and in Italy. This chapter provides an analysis of the intertwined economic, political and social issues that shaped development assistance during this period. It examines shifts in international paradigms and Italian legislative interventions that reflected evolving interpretations of international solidarity. The period witnessed a surge in political and public interest in cooperation, particularly evident in the adoption of three laws and an increase in the volume of public aid. The chapter also examines how non-governmental organisations (NGOs) navigated this transformative decade and emerged as prominent actors.The analysis in this chapter offers insights into the trends of the 1980s and their lasting impact on the sector.
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Pires de Campos, Rodrigo, and Saori Kawai. "Japan’s ODA to Developing Countries in the Health Sector: Overall Trend and Future Prospects." In Brazil—Japan Cooperation: From Complementarity to Shared Value, 43–83. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4029-3_3.
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AbstractThis chapter identifies the overall trends in Japan’s official development assistance (ODA) policies for the health sector in developing countries from 1990 to 2020 and its future post-COVID-19 prospects. Since the end of the Cold War, watershed events have repeatedly changed the landscape of international cooperation in the health sector. Like other international aid donors, Japan has devised priorities and strategies for ODA based on a set of international and domestic factors in a constantly changing world. Numerous studies on Japan’s ODA have examined international and domestic factors that impact the formulation of the country’s aid policy. This chapter aims to add to those studies by combining recent debates on international cooperation and foreign aid, the right to health, and world health system reforms to explore and analyze Japan’s ODA for health in developing countries. The guiding research questions were as follows: What were the major trends in Japan’s ODA policies in the health sector from 1990 to 2020? Which international health debates and international cooperation factors exerted influence on those trends? What are the prospects of Japan’s ODA given the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts? The research relied on primary sources, specifically Japan’s ODA official documents and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) ODA quantitative databases, as well as secondary sources, such as academic literature on international cooperation and foreign aid for health. Our preliminary findings revealed that Japan’s ODA in the health sector from 1990 to 2020 centered on two main axes: infectious diseases and maternal and child health, both of which are oriented toward strengthening the healthcare system. Given this goal, it seems relevant to consider that Japan’s health system is based on the assumption of the need to provide universal health coverage, a concept currently supported by the World Health Organization (WHO), in contrast to the universal health system, and that the implications of this choice on Japan’s ODA and developing countries’ health policies are yet to be fully understood. The COVID-19 pandemic has put substantial pressure on health systems globally and international cooperation for health; thus, it has the potential to affect and even change Japan’s ODA for the health sector in developing countries.
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Teramura, Nobumichi. "JICA’s Legal Technical Assistance Projects in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos Since the 1990s." In Vietnam Over the Long Twentieth Century, 185–204. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3611-9_10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMany have written in English about the legislative and judicial systems of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Fewer English writing commentators have investigated the modern legal histories of these jurisdictions. In particular, scant attention has been paid to a common feature in their recent development, the arguably pervasive influence of Japanese private law. Since the 1990s, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has played a major role in the modernisation of law in the region. Through its legal technical assistance projects, JICA has provided support for the reform of codes and the training of lawyers in the use of those codes. This research critically examines JICA’s contribution to the rule of law in the former French Indochina region. It considers whether Japanese soft power (as manifested by JICA) complements or is at cross-purposes with projects of other organisations and initiatives (such as Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the World Bank). It evaluates the extent to which JICA’s work is currently attuned to or might be made more responsive to the social and economic aspirations of the relevant countries.
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Abe, Shigeyuki, and Bruce Koppel. "Development Assistance: US—Japan Economic Cooperation." In Economic, Industrial and Managerial Coordination between Japan and the USA, 185–205. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22445-6_8.
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Peou, Sorpong. "Limits of Economic Assistance." In International Democracy Assistance for Peacebuilding, 180–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230590809_15.
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Peou, Sorpong. "Economic Impediments." In International Democracy Assistance for Peacebuilding, 139–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230590809_12.
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Marer, Paul, and John Michael Montias. "The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance." In International Economic Integration, 128–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09163-8_6.
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Van Meerhaeghe, M. A. G. "The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance." In International Economic Institutions, 206–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1930-8_8.
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Van Meerhaeghe, M. A. G. "The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance." In International Economic Institutions, 223–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1933-9_8.
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van Meerhaeghe, M. A. G. "Central and Eastern European Cooperation." In International Economic Institutions, 229–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3576-4_8.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Economic assistance – International cooperation"
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شریف اسماعیل, سركوت. "The impact of the foreign relations of the Iraqi state on the Anfal operations, (America) is a model." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"The Anfal crime of 1988 was a series of political, military and propaganda campaigns carried out by Saddam's Ba'athist regime against a part of the Kurdish people.In this process, all the means of genocide were used, from killing, slaughter, arrest, expulsion and expulsion to the demolition of houses, burning of fields and gardens and looting of their livestock and belongings. The Ba'ath regime's excuse for this crime was nothing but religious and political propaganda that the Kurdish nation had deviated from Islam and had turned against the state These excuses were to justify his crime because the process was named after a chapter of the Holy Qur'an, which was Anfal. For such a big and heinous crime, of course, you have to make all the internal and external factors available before you start, because without the availability of both factors, it would have been impossible for such a big and important process to succeed Therefore, Saddam's Ba'athist regime had secured international and external factors along with the availability of domestic factors to a good extent, so it carried out the process in such a comprehensive and widespread manner. The United States, which was one of the most powerful and influential countries of the time, had a strong relationship with Saddam and the Iraqi government in all political, military, economic and other aspects The Americans, who served Saddam Hussein's regime in the success of the Anfal process, not only provided military and logistical assistance to the Iraqi government, but also provided intelligence assistance to the regime On the other hand, for the sake of the Ba'ath and Saddam regimes, he had cut off all kinds of cooperation from the Kurds and refused to even welcome the Kurdish representatives when they wanted to convey the truth about the Anfal crime to the US and the world.This was one of the reasons why Saddam's regime was protected from international condemnation and prosecution thanks to its cooperation and strong ties with the Americans."
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Bandi, István. "The struggle of Bessarabian refugees in Romania as reflected in the counter intelligence files of the Securitate." In Latinitate, Romanitate, Românitate. Conferinţa ştiinţifică internaţională, Ediția a 7-a. Moldova State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/lrr2023.31.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Romania’s position in the period 1948-1958 was directly dependent on the foreign and security policy of the Soviet Union, so that, in the first years of the Cold War, Moscow’s relations with the West were dominated by the communist ideology approach, which was faithfully copied by the elite of the Romanian party. In the first years after the Second World War, the Soviet Union’s guarantee for its own security was the sovietization of the territories that had become annexed states, thus effectively ceding the right of decision in the political, social, economic and military fields to the Soviet Union. In the first decade after World War II, Bucharest, a staunch ally of Moscow, subtly changed direction and began to build its own line of communism. Thanks to the concessions made by Khrushchev and the perseverance of the Romanian political leadership, Romania escaped the military presence and Soviet advisors. Starting from 1965, N. Ceaușescu, who continued Romania’s independence policy within the Warsaw Pact, firmly condemned Moscow’s intervention in Prague, thus laying the foundations for economic and political support from Western states. However, the reality of being incorporated into the Soviet bloc forced Romania to maintain „fraternal and friendly international relations” with the Soviet Union. The 1970 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, as well as the 1976 Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with the Soviet Union attest that the so-called coexistence and cooperation expected at the highest diplomatic level have been fulfilled. This situation did not change even in the eighth decade of the last century, the Ceaușescu regime remained preserved in neo-Stalinism, based on the cult of personality and the model of the single absolutist leader, although Mihail Gorbachev suggested, among other things, the velvet socialist model for Romania. In accordance with the real expectations of the political leadership, the Romanian state security constantly documented the actions related to the implementation of Soviet influence and intervention. The present study presents the actions carried out by the state security at that time (Securitatea), in which Romanian citizens were involved whose only crime was that they had previously lived in Bessarabia.
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Strunga, František. "How the Generosity of Pandemic Aid Has Affected Poverty and Unemployment." In EDAMBA 2022: 25th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. Bratislava: University of Economics in Bratislava, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2022.9788022550420.409-419.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the article we deal with the degree of pandemic assistance, resp. its level in terms of the impact on basic economic and social indicators of unemployment and poverty. We will discuss its legislative anchoring and solutions offered by the Slovak government in cooperation with European partners. We analyze in detail its practical application in the conditions of the Slovak Republic with the perspective of incorporating these tools “kurzarbeit” as stabilizers for future cases. We will propose development scenarios that describe the situation in the case of none, respectively insufficient aid, in relation to job trends and structures in the context of newly created labor market conditions. We will focus on the possible effects of unemployment and the rate of increase in poverty caused by the pandemic. We will evaluate pandemic aid from the government on the indicators we monitor, unemployment and poverty. We will evaluate possible changes and their impact on the social area and potential problems to which society will be forced to respond.
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Groeli, Robert. "Building 8500+ Trail Bridges in the Himalayas." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.125.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Mobility is one of the most challenging fundamentals of rural livelihood in the Himalayan hills and mountains. More than 8500 trail bridges, comprising an overall span-length of about 650 kilometers have been constructed to date, saving millions of walking hours for people living in the rural Himalayan areas. Previously, crossing rivers was dangerous and sometimes impossible, especially in the rainy season. These bridges created vital connections which enabled children to go to school and people to access public services and visit medical centers and sanctuaries. They also boost local economic output by reducing the effort required to run local farms, gather crops and visit regional markets.</p><p>Fig. 1:The struggles and dangers of crossing a river and its solution</p><p>Swiss technical assistance for rural trail bridges started in the early sixties with the construction of a few suspension bridges in the hill areas of Nepal. In 1964 the Nepalese Government established the Suspension Bridge Division (SBD), and starting in 1972 the Swiss Government began providing continuous technical and financial assistance. Similarly, the Public Works Department in Bhutan initiated a country wide trail bridge construction program in 1971 for which assistance was provided from 1985-2010. Exchanges of experiences between these programs created a collaborative environment where new ideas could be evaluated and tested in the field. After SBD initially developed the basic technical norms, design parameters and standard designs suitable for long-span bridges, demand for simpler shorter span bridges rose tremendously. This prompted the program to develop “community executable bridge designs” adapted to the local skills and materials while conforming to established engineering standards. As a result, cost-effective, easy to implement technologies and community-based approaches were developed, which have been replicated in numerous countries leading to multiple successful partnerships in international development cooperation.</p><p>The purpose of this paper is to highlight the following outcomes of the trail bridge-program:</p><ul><li><p>Standardized cost-effective trail bridge designs based on local capabilities and bridge-building techniques</p></li><li><p>Published of manuals, technical drawings and teaching resources for design, construction and fabrication</p></li><li><p>Engaged local communities in the construction, operation and maintenance of trail bridges</p></li><li><p>Compiled comprehensive trail bridge directory for planning, monitoring and maintenance</p></li><li><p>Established Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) with institutional frameworks at national and local level</p></li><li><p>‘South-South Cooperation’ with Bhutan, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Laos, Burundi, Honduras, Guatemala</p></li></ul>
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Polidanov, Maxim Andreevich, Vladimir Vladimirovich Maslyakov, Sergey Alekseevich Sidelnikov, and Anna Andreevna Korzhenskaya. "ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS TYPES OF INJURIES RESULTING FROM ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign international scientific conference «Joint innovation - joint development». Part 2. by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with PS of UA. October 2023. - Harbin (China). Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/231024.2023.73.19.036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Russian Federation, almost 30,000 people are killed and about 250,000 people are injured in road accidents per year. Road traffic injuries rank third in the world among the causes of mortality. Road traffic injuries is a problem that occupies one of the leading places in a number of social, medical, demographic and economic problems that face society and the state. The article deals with the organization of medical care for patients with injuries of different nature, received as a result of road traffic accidents. The purpose of the work - based on the data obtained, to identify key points that will help emergency service specialists, doctors and employees of transportation services to improve the process of providing first aid and medical assistance to victims of road accidents. In this paper we have paid attention to the important, in our opinion, aspects that can help in solving this problem. The study found out that the performance of policies regarding road safety is still a problematic issue. Undoubtedly, first aid training programs for ordinary citizens should follow the principles established by WHO. It is necessary to improve the professional competence of employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, Ministry of Internal Affairs, road services, etc., providing first aid to victims of road accidents through mandatory cyclical training in the territorial centers of disaster medicine of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
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Melo, Camila Bonatto de, Marciana P. Uliana, and Andréia Cristina Furtado. "Evaluation of the technical and economic feasibility of the implementation of an agroenergy cooperative condominium in pig farms in the region of Medianeira-PR." In III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-176.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The advancement of agricultural and industrial practices has resulted in a greater demand for energy, increasing the search for renewable sources. One solution is the production of biogas from pig waste. However, small farms face challenges in biogas production due to lack of technical assistance and improper handling, but cooperative agro-energy condominiums can mitigate these difficulties. In this context, this study aims to analyze the technical and economic feasibility, considering two scenarios of the implementation of a condominium between five rural properties located in the city of Medianeira-PR. With a herd of 9250 pigs in the finishing cycle, the estimated daily production of waste is 42.55 m3, enabling the production of 1128.23 m3/day of biogas. The two scenarios establish the transportation of the residual biomass produced in the rural properties, by means of a tanker truck, to a central biodigester to produce biogas and then the generation of electricity. In the first all the amount of manure available will be used and the biogas produced will be destined to the generation of electric energy and in the second will be generated only the amount necessary to supply the electrical consumption of the five properties, which is 420 kWh / day. Thus, in the first scenario, the total generation of electricity is 1690.10 kWh/day, four times higher than the energy consumed in the properties, causing the waste of the surplus produced. In the second scenario, only 12.77 m3/day of the disposed manure was used and the remainder, which will remain on the property, after treatment will be used as biofertilizer in the crops of the farms. As a result of the economic analysis, a payback of 9 years was obtained for the first panorama and 3 years for the second, this being the most viable scenario for implementation with a NPV of R$320,893.06 and an IRR of 103%.
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Dreimanis, A. "Optimization Features in Management of Salaspils Research Reactor Decommissioning Waste." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4522.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Management of decommissioning waste is considered as complex task of seeking for optimal solution in the environment of various competing technical, safety and socio-economical factors. If from the formal mathematics viewpoint it is a multi-parameter optimization task, then for real conditions simplified approach for such problem should be applied. We propose to decompose this task into the set of optimization analysis for particular steps, and then in each step it is easier to find optimum. For the real case of management of radioactive waste arising from dismantling and decommissioning of Salaspils Research Reactor (SRR) we consider following main optimization steps: 1) the choice of the decommissioning concept — among three elaborated versions — with estimation of the foreseen radioactive waste amount for disposal, recycling and free release, taking into account also potential exposures and financial resources; 2) establishment of national radioactive waste management agency “RAPA” Ltd., ensuring common administration and maintenance of the shutdown SRR and radioactive waste (RW) disposal site — RAPA manages some decommissioning activities of SRR and shall actively participate together with envisaged decommissioning operator in this process also in future, but in all stages will keep full responsibility of waste management; 3) optimization of radioactive waste transportation: i) organizational aspects (packing, transportation time, schedule, route, etc.), ii) environmental safety control; 4) optimization arrangement of space for radioactive waste disposal: i) choice of the best strategy to ensure a new space, ii) optimization of the vault size — to be able accommodate decommissioning waste without being oversized; 5) strategy of treatment, conditioning and packing of solid decommissioning waste; 6) optimization of liquid decommissioning waste management — its conditioning together with the solid radioactive waste; 7) socio-economical optimization features: i) existing infrastructure for RW disposal, ii) financial compensation for local municipality, iii) international cooperation, technical and financial assistance by EU, IAEA, Sweden. The proposed optimization features used in the developing of Concept for radioactive waste management in Latvia for the period 2003–2010 (which corresponds to the approved decommissioning period of SRR) supplement existing separate optimization aspects of decommissioning waste management and could be considered as simplified integral set of factors for elaboration of optimal strategy for decommissioning waste management.
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Lipi, K., and K. Merollari. "ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE IN ALBANIA. ADMINISTRATION AND PROBLEMS OF THE NEW SCHEME OF ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE." In VIII International Conference "Science and Society - Methods and Problems of Practical Application". Prague: Premier Publishing s.r.o., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29013/viii-conf-canada-viii-146-154.
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Iizuka, Yasuki, and Kayo Iizuka. "Disaster Evacuation Assistance System Based on Multi-agent Cooperation." In 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2015.30.
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Albina, Rasskazova, and Rasskazov Sergey. "Principles of bank assistance to economic development." In 2017 Tenth International Conference Management of Large-Scale System Development (MLSD). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsd.2017.8109674.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Economic assistance – International cooperation"
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Corsetti, Giancarlo, and Gernot Müller. Multilateral Economic Cooperation and the International Transmission of Fiscal Policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17708.
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Carral Cuevas, Magdalena. Integration, Migration and Cooperation: The Mexican Case. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006562.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This document is about the migration's Mexicans. Mexico has an assistance program with the International Migration Organization (IMO) for the return of extra-regional emigrants. Also, Mexico has developed an inter-ministerial program to provide permanent orientation for Mexican emigrants with the support of more than 45 consulates in the U.S. and Canada.
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De Mello Jr, Luiz R., and Teresa Ter-Minassian. Intergovernmental Fiscal Cooperation: International Experiences and Possible Lessons for Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To a large extent, policy outcomes are shaped by governance, including institutional arrangements and forums for cooperation among and within different layers of government. In turn, the effectiveness of intergovernmental fiscal cooperation (IFC) is affected by economic, sociopolitical, and institutional factors, including constitutional provisions and power balances among different levels of government. On the basis of a review of large federations, the authors propose options to strengthen IFC in Brazil. In particular, the effectiveness of IFC could be enhanced in Brazil by establishing forums for vertical cooperation between the states and the federal government, and for horizontal cooperation among states.
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Roberts, Tony, and Becky Faith. Digital Aid: Understanding the Digital Challenges Facing Humanitarian Assistance. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The UKRI Digital Aid workshop on 9 September 2019 brought together expert practitioners and researchers to focus on the use of digital technologies in humanitarian aid. Participants brought wide experience of digital applications to monitor conflict, refugees, food security, and to reunite families, enable communication and increase donor value for money. The event identified key areas where the rapid pace of technological change is outstripping our current understanding of emerging risks, digital inequalities and ethical dilemmas associated with the use of digital technologies in humanitarian response. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in their contribution to the UN Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Digital Cooperation warned that it is of critical importance to ‘keep humanitarian purpose, and the people humanitarian organizations are there to protect and assist, firmly at the centre of any developments in order to ensure the humanitarian response do no harm in their application’ (ICRC 2019). Yet workshop discussions showed how humanitarian practitioners are struggling to operationalise the “do no harm” principle in the context of a rapidly changing technological landscape. Workshop participants felt that research has a vital role to play in protecting the interests of vulnerable communities in the digital age.
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Hayashi, Tadateru, Sanchita Basu Das, Manbar Singh Khadka, Ikumo Isono, Souknilanh Keola, Kenmei Tsubota, and Kazunobu Hayakawa. Economic Impact Analysis of Improved Connectivity in Nepal. Asian Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200312-2.
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This study estimates and analyzes the economic impact of ongoing and future infrastructure development projects in Nepal by using the geographical simulation model developed by the Institute of Developing Economies (IDE-GSM). The IDE-GSM is a computational general equilibrium model based on spatial economics. The simulation analysis reveals that ongoing infrastructure development projects in Nepal benefit the country’s economy, and that the planned connectivity improvement with India will have positive impact with anticipated major shift in mode of transport for trade. The study takes into consideration efforts by the Government of Nepal to promote and strengthen international connectivity under the South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation framework.
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Romero, Antonio. The Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement and relations between European Union and Cuba. Fundación Carolina, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff01en.
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This document makes an assessment of the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement (PDCA) between Cuba and the European Union (EU) in its four years of validity, and of the evolution of political and economic relations between both parties. The analysis is structured in five headings that address the background, determinants and significance of the PDCA between Cuba and the EU; the main elements discussed in the political dialogue —and in thematic dialogue— between the two parties since 2018, and the central aspects of trade, investment and cooperation relations between Cuba and the EU. The report concludes that, unlike the United States, the EU is able to support the complex process of economic and institutional transformations underway in Cuba, in four fundamental areas: i) technical assistance and advice for the design and implementation of public policies, macroeconomic management, decentralisation and local development; ii) cooperation to fight climate change and transform Cuba’s productive and technological structure; iii) the promotion and encouragement of foreign investment flows from Europe, targeting key productive sectors; and iv) the exploration of financial opportunities for Cuba through the European Investment Bank (EIB) under the current PDCA.
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Maletta, Giovanna, and Mike Lewis. Post-shipment On-site Inspections and Stockpile Management Assistance: Bridging Gaps. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/ulfp1679.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Post-shipment on-site inspections and international assistance in physical security and stockpile management (PSSM) have different scopes and objectives. On-site inspections allow exporting states to check exported military materiel to ensure that the importer is complying with its commitments, while PSSM assistance aims to improve states’ weapons and ammunition management systems. However, both instruments allow foreign specialists to visit a state’s weapons and ammunition storage facilities and enable information gathering to assess their integrity and identify possible diversion risks. This policy brief highlights that building informal linkages between these instruments, especially with regard to states and actors that conduct inspections and are involved in funding or implementing PSSM assistance, could contribute towards establishing more comprehensive forms of post-shipment cooperation. In addition, applying lessons learned from PSSM assistance in terms of gaining access to states’ facilities, cooperating with the beneficiary importing states, and identifying limitations and opportunities associated with the use of tracking technologies could help to address some of the challenges encountered when conducting on-site inspections. PSSM assistance programmes could also include modules to raise awareness about on-site inspections and be a source of expertise that could assist states when implementing these controls.
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Karymshakov, Kamalbek, and Burulcha Sulaimanova. Trade Facilitation, Infrastructure, and International Trade in Central Asian Countries. Asian Development Bank, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230053-2.
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This working paper analyzes the impact of infrastructure and trade facilitation on imports and exports in five Central Asian countries and outlines how improving hard and soft infrastructure would help boost regional trade and integration. Focusing on Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, it analyzes how faster border crossing and cargo transport times affect trade flows with neighboring Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) program countries. It recommends Central Asian countries cooperate to diversify transport to include rail, bolster digital infrastructure, and eliminate nontariff obstacles in order to ramp up trade, and better develop infrastructure in the region.
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Gupte, Jaideep, and Saba Aslam. Decentralised Cooperation and Local Government: Addressing Contemporary Global Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At the start of the last decade, United Cities and Local Governments’ (UCLG) policy paper on Decentralised Cooperation and Local Government laid out a clear rationale for decentralised cooperation and set out recommendations to the prevalent tackle weaknesses of international development cooperation and to strengthen development effectiveness. In many ways, the paper was a forerunner in calling for stronger sustained support for South-South development cooperation particularly among countries that have undergone similar socio-economic challenges so that learnings can be shared across partners. It laid emphasis on professional structures and programme-based approaches, with clear monitoring and evaluation tools and indicators on impact and called for a sharing of objectives across local and regional governments, and their associations, committed to continuing improvement, learning and exchange. These recommendations have helped strengthen international decentralised cooperation over the past decade, and their core principles continue to be highly relevant today. In 2021, the Institute of Development Studies, UK, with support of the UCLG Capacity and Institution Building Working Group (CIB), has engaged a wide range of member governments, associations, and networks, alongside a range of external commentators and experts, to assess UCLG principles, priorities, and actions in the context of contemporary global challenges and the resulting landscape of decentralised development cooperation. Following a series of survey-based, individual, case study, and workshop interactions, the study presents key points and recommendations.
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Kirsten, Ingrid, and Mara Zarka. Balancing the Three Pillars of the NPT: How can Promoting Peaceful Uses Help? Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/shzz2322.
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The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is the cornerstone of the non-proliferation regime and the centrepiece of global efforts to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and further the goal of general and complete nuclear disarmament. Although there is no implementation body for the NPT, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been entrusted with key verification responsibilities under Article III of the treaty, where it plays an important role in achieving the objectives under Article IV to foster international cooperation for peaceful uses of nuclear energy. This paper argues that peaceful uses of science, technology and applications have an important role to play in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Noting that the European Union (EU) is the biggest donor of development assistance, the paper suggests that the EU enhance its contribution to peaceful uses of nuclear science, technology and applications through supporting the IAEA’s technical cooperation activities. This will contribute to delivering the EU’s nonproliferation goals, thus strengthening global human security.