Готові списки джерел за темами / Ecology

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Ecology"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 26 жовтня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Ecology"

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Recalcatti de Andrade, Aline. "Contribuições de Marx sobre a relação sociedade-natureza e o imperialismo ecológico na América Latina." AMBIENTES: Revista de Geografia e Ecologia Política 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 128–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/amb.v4i1.28184.

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Анотація:
A Ecologia Política é um campo de estudos que possui uma contextualização histórica e se divide em correntes teóricas e discussões epistemológicas. Uma dessas vertentes é a ecologia marxista, que se baseia no pensamento de Marx e Engels e utiliza o método do materialismo histórico para analisar a questão da natureza. Assim, o presente trabalho busca entender as contribuições mais elementares da ecologia marxista para o campo da ecologia política latino-americana, através do enfoque sobre a relação entre sociedade-natureza, interpretada teoricamente pelos ecologistas marxistas das teses de Marx e o conceito de imperialismo ecológico, que na realidade concreta, possui um forte papel na dominação da natureza na América Latina. O artigo estrutura-se em uma inicial explicação sobre as principais contribuições do pensamento de Marx, como o conceito de metabolismo social, que se refere a sua concepção da relação entre a natureza e o ser humano e sua “fratura” no modo de produção capitalista, essencial para entender o funcionamento do capitalismo sobre a exploração da natureza. Nesse trabalho, o principal objetivo é apontar quais são os conceitos mais centrais que o pensamento marxista, através da sua interpretação dos textos marxianos focados na ecologia, pode agregar à questão ecológica na América Latina. Por isso, em seguida se insere ao debate a concepção de imperialismo ecológico, sendo uma das questões que mais afeta os países do Sul Global, portanto central para a argumentação, para, assim, trazer o diálogo entre a ecologia política latino-americana e as leituras da ecologia marxista das contribuições de Marx. O artigo se classifica como uma pesquisa teórica e adota-se como pressuposto que a ecologia pode ser uma importante ferramenta social e política, que tem a potencialidade de atuar como força política emancipatória. Palavras-chave: Ecologia marxista; Relação sociedade-natureza; América Latina; Imperialismo ecológico. Contributions by Marx on the society-nature relation and the ecological imperialism in Latin America Abstract Political ecology is a field of study that is historically contextualized and is divided into theoretical currents and epistemological discussions. One of them is Marxist ecology, which is based on Marx’s and Engels’s thought and uses the method of historical materialism to analyze the issue of nature. Thus, aim of this paper is to understand the main contributions of Marxist ecology to Latin American political ecology by focusing on the relations between society and nature, theoretically interpreted by Marxist ecologists on Marx’s thesis and the concept of ecological imperialism, analyzed by Marxist ecology authors, which in concrete reality has a strong role in the domination of nature in Latin America. The article is structured in an initial explanation of the main contributions of Marx's thought, as the concept of social metabolism refers to his conception of the relations between nature and the human being, and its “fracture” in the capitalist production mode, essential to understand the functioning of capitalism on the exploitation of nature. In this academic work, the main objective is to point out what are the most central concepts that the Marxist thought, by its interpretation of the Marxian work focused on ecology, can contribute to the ecological issue in Latin America. For this reason, the concept of ecological imperialism is added to the debate, as one of the issues that most affect the countries of the Global South, therefore central to the argument, to make a correlation between Latin America political ecology and the reading of Marxist ecology from Marx’s contributions. The article is classified as theoretical research and it is assumed that ecology can be an important social and political tool, which has the potential to act as an emancipatory political force. Keywords: Marxist Ecology; Society-nature relation; Latin America; Ecological Imperialism. Contribuciones de Marx sobre la relación sociedad-naturaleza y el imperialismo ecológico en Latinoamérica La Ecología Política es un campo de estudios que tiene una contextualización histórica y se separa en corrientes teóricas y debates epistemológicas. Una de estas vertientes es la ecología marxista, que se basa en el pensamiento de Marx y Engels y utiliza el método del materialismo histórico para analizar la cuestión de la naturaleza. Así, el presente trabajo busca comprender los aportes más elementares de la ecología marxista al campo de la ecología política latinoamericana, a través del enfoque sobre la relación entre sociedad-naturaleza interpretada teóricamente por los ecologistas marxistas de las tesis de Marx y el concepto de imperialismo ecológico, que, en la realidad concreta, tiene un fuerte papel en el dominio de la naturaleza en América Latina. El artículo se estructura en una inicial explicación de los principales aportes del pensamiento de Marx, como el concepto de metabolismo social, que se refiere a la relación entre la naturaleza y el ser humano y su “fractura” en el modo de producción capitalista, fundamental para comprender el funcionamiento del capitalismo sobre la explotación de la naturaleza. En este trabajo, el objetivo principal es señalar cuales son los conceptos más centrales que el pensamiento marxista, desde su interpretación de los textos marxianos con enfoque en la ecología, puede añadir cuestión ecológica en Latinoamérica. Por ello, luego se suma al debate la concepción de imperialismo ecológico, que es uno de los temas que más afecta a los países del Sur Global, por lo tanto, central para la argumentación, para, así, aportar el diálogo entre la ecología política latinoamericana y las lecturas desde la ecología marxista a partir de las contribuciones de Marx. El artículo se clasifica como una investigación teórica y se asume que la ecología puede ser una importante herramienta social y política, que tiene el potencial de actuar como una fuerza política emancipadora. Palabras Clave: Ecología Marxista; Relación sociedad-naturaleza; Latinoamérica; Imperialismo Ecológico.
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Byrne, Fionn. "Phantom Ecolog y: Aesthetics, Ethics, and Ecology." Landscape Architecture Frontiers 5, no. 6 (2017): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-laf-20170614.

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Bellafiore, Alessandro. "Ecology of ideas and ecology's ideas." Kybernetes 42, no. 9/10 (November 11, 2013): 1338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-09-2012-0057.

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Raubenheimer, David, and Carol Boggs. "Nutritional ecology, functional ecology andFunctional Ecology." Functional Ecology 23, no. 1 (February 2009): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01530.x.

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Van Dyke, Fred. "Ecologic Patterns in Plants: Teaching Theoretical Ecology." American Biology Teacher 49, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4448518.

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Lean, Christopher Hunter. "General Unificatory Theories in Community Ecology." Philosophical Topics 47, no. 1 (2019): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtopics20194717.

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Анотація:
The question of whether there are laws of nature in ecology has developed substantially in the last 20 years. Many have attempted to rehabilitate ecology’s lawlike status through establishing that ecology possesses laws that robustly appear across many different ecological systems. I argue that there is still something missing, which explains why so many have been skeptical of ecology’s lawlike status. Community ecology has struggled to establish what I call a General Unificatory Theory (GUT). The lack of a GUT causes problems for explanation as there are no guidelines for how to integrate the lower-level mathematical and causal models into a larger theory of how ecological assemblages are formed. I turn to a promising modern attempt to provide a unified higher-level explanation in ecology, presented by ecologist Mark Vellend, and advocate for philosophical engagement with its prospects for aiding ecological explanation.
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Harper, J. L., F. S. Chapin, J. Ehleringer, S. Ulfstrand, and E. O. Wilson. "Ecology Institute Prizes 1990 in the field of Terrestrial Ecology." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 119, no. 1 (July 20, 1990): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/119/1990/120.

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Kinne, Otto. "Ecology Institute Prizes 1989 in the field of Marine Ecology." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 115, no. 2 (May 2, 1989): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/115/1989/320.

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Loffredo Roca, Maria F., and Peter Blaze Corcoran. "Ecology Meets Integral Ecology Meets Media Ecology." Journal of Communication and Religion 44, no. 2 (2021): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jcr202144220.

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Анотація:
Laudato Si’: On Care for Our Common Home has struck a deep chord with a broad audience. We explore the synergy between the ethical vision of sustainability in the Earth Charter and the encyclical. We position the document within the ecology and media landscapes. Laudato Si’ is remarkable among international statements in its explicit attention to education. We draw out the pivotal importance of education in order for its critical message not to be lost. We argue that education for Laudato Si’ can be advanced in traditional education—formal and non-formal, secular and religious—and in education through the media.
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Darius, Fábio Augusto, and Thiago Abdala Barnabé. "DEEP ECOLOGY." Kerygma 15, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19141/1809-2454.kerygma.v15.n2.p50-63.

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Анотація:
O estudo da ecologia baseia-se nas interações entre os diversos organismos vivos em uma rede conectada chamada ecossistema. O termo foi cunhado em 1866 pelo biólogo alemão Ernst Haeckel como um estudo sistemático da inter-relação dos seres vivos na terra. Contudo, a partir do século 20, os impactos socioambientais herdados pela idade moderna, começaram a se tornar amplamente perceptíveis e criticados. Com isso, a partir desse instante, diversos movimentos ambientais surgiram, pautados em temáticas de sustentabilidade e consciência ambiental. Nesse sentido, este estudo tem o objetivo de verificar a perspectiva ecológica contemporânea, a partir das vertentes do movimento denominado Deep ecology. Para tanto, foi empreendida pesquisa bibliográfica para fomentar a compreensão histórica e filosófica da ecologia, bem como para o entendimento da origem da Deep ecology e suas supostas perspectivas teosóficas. Em 1970, o filósofo escandinavo Arne Naess (1912-2009) estabeleceu, com base nos pensamentos de Baruch Spinoza e outros filósofos, uma linha de pensamento sobre a responsabilidade humana em relação à natureza. Sua filosofia, buscava estipular uma ecologia profunda, a qual reestruturasse as concepções ecológicas modernas e antropocêntricas. Portanto, espera-se compreender as mudanças da concepção ecológica na história visando os impactos ambientais causados no século 19 e 20 enquanto pano de fundo histórico para melhor percepção da perspectiva da Deep ecology, a partir da década de 1970. Ainda se conclui incipientemente que o pensamento proposto por Naess estabelece, hoje, medidas ecológicas sustentáveis e eficazes para uma melhor cidadania planetária.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Ecology"

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Гладченко, Оксана Робертівна, Оксана Робертовна Гладченко, Oksana Robertivna Hladchenko, and Ju I. Khominich. "Ecology." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13416.

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Khumayni, S. "Ecology." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31584.

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Анотація:
Ecology is the study of interaction of living organisms in the environment. However the modern meaning of the concept of ecology has a wider meaning than in the early decades of the development of this science. Currently, most often under the mistaken environmental issues are understood, above all, the protection of the environment. In many ways, this shift is due to sense more tangible consequences of human impact on the environment. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31584
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Caraballo, López Tatiana. "The ecology of colonial phytoplankton = Ecología del fitoplancton colonial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129683.

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Анотація:
Phytoplankton embraces a large diversity of life forms, from pioneer oxygenic photosynthetic cyanobacteria to a broad spectrum of phylogenetically distant eukaryotic organisms. In many of the evolutionary branches, colonial organisms have appeared. The evolutionary reasons for the transition to larger sizes are not yet fully understood, but multicellularity is thought to be one of its consequences. Phytoplankton ecological success or failure, under certain conditions is the result of a balance between gains and losses. Unicellular and colonial organisms have to adapt their respective functional traits related to photosynthesis, resource acquisition, and predation, to changes in the environment. The advantages of a certain life-form (unicellular or colonial), could, hence, rely in the relevance of gain processes (light, nutrient related traits), or of losses as main drivers of phytoplankton evolution. Despite coloniality could suppose an opportunity in finding new paths to succeed, previous knowledge pointed to larger phytoplankton cells as worse competitors for nutrients than smaller cells and hence, as the size of the colonies may start to become a constraint for nutrient uptake and utilization. However, other issues changing with size can become advantageous for colonial phytoplankton. For example, large flagellate colonies can move and hence cover a greater space of resources likely to be exploited than small unicellulars, and also can have a larger storage capacity. Large cells (and colonies in particular) can take more advantage of the production of external enzymes since colonial forms, specially mucilaginous ones, could maintain exoenzymes close to the cells in this external matrix. In summary, any strategy by which there is not a proportional increase in the need for nutrients as body size enlarges can be regarded as a competitive advantage for colonial organisms. Besides, a possible advantage for large unicellulars and colonies could be related to the top-down control of the systems by grazers, as smaller unicellulars are subject of grazing by both, small and large filter feeders, whereas large colonies can override the edible size spectrum of some. Also the aggregation of cells to form large colonies harder to gulp or filter by zooplankton is considered a relative widespread defense strategy. The ubiquitousness of colonial forms of phytoplankton and its endurance until today is the basis for believing that there has been a significant selection for it in the ancient unicellular world. Yet it is difficult to guess what the main drivers for coloniality have been, Can we find out the selective forces favoring multicellular colonial forms in phytoplankton? Understanding the ecological advantage that colonial forms could hold in phytoplankton was the main objective of this thesis.
Los orígenes de los organismos que componen la comunidad fitoplanctónica se remontan a distintos eventos endosimbióticos; por ello, una de las principales características del fitoplancton es una enorme diversidad que atañe tanto en sus atributos morfológicos y fisiológicos como en sus formas de vida. A pesar de que la multicelularidad en algunas especies de fitoplancton podría suponer una estrategia para asegurar la conservación de la línea germinal, o para generar un medio interno estable que proteja a las células que forman la colonia del cambiante ambiente que la rodea, actualmente se desconoce el motivo que pudo haber favorecido la transición desde la unicelularidad a la colonialidad. Sin embargo, la existencia de organismos coloniales evolutivamente más avanzados en los que se observa una diferenciación celular y división de tareas, podrían empezar a definir una estrategia de vida compleja y jerarquizada más allá de la simple agregación celular. La gran variedad de formas, tamaños y configuraciones presentadas por las células y colonias, es una muestra de que no hay una estructura óptima, sino un gran abanico de posibilidades exitosas para afrontar los obstáculos a los que estos organismos se enfrentan durante su ciclo de vida. Por otro lado, el paso de una forma de vida unicelular a una colonial en los organismos fitoplanctónicos, implica un número de condicionantes ecológicos que determinan cuándo y cómo las formas coloniales pueden ser más viables. En cualquier caso, el hecho de que las formas unicelulares y coloniales sean ubicuas en el fitoplancton y hayan perdurado durante millones de años, nos da a entender que deben existir ciertas ventajas ecológicas conferidas por la colonialidad. Este trabajo se centra en investigar en qué modo los organismos coloniales han llegado a compensado las desventajas derivadas de la agregación para haberse convertido en una alternativa evolutivamente exitosa a la unicelularidad.
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Kabanova, L. "Social ecology." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22819.

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Ratanavanich, Heidi. "Queer ecology." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3516.

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Guyn, Karla Lee. "Breeding ecology of northern pintails, nesting ecology, nest-site selection, nutrient reserve use and brood ecology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0031/NQ63873.pdf.

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Schlottmann, Chris. "Embodiment and embeddedness in philosophies of ecology deep ecology, Confucian ecology, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology /." Connect to this thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1210.

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Mata, Luis. "Heteroptera ecology, biodiversity and conservation = Ecología, biodiversidad y conservación de heterópteros." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128959.

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Анотація:
Heteropteran bugs make an important contribution to the hyperdiversity of insects. As with other insect taxa, the proper species identification of heteropteran bugs requires diagnostic dichotomous keys. Faunistic studies can considerably benefit from the use of in-situ photographic records and biodiversity web resources, these two new taxonomical tools have the potential to expedite conservation-oriented research and engage the general public in the conservation of nature. Faunistic syntheses such as catalogs and datasets are essential for documenting where species occur and how they are distributed, and may effectively contribute to overcome the ‘Wallace shortfall’ associated with large scale distributional data. The establishment of a research-oriented ‘Heteropteran Bug Monitoring Scheme’ may prove to be an effective faunistic tool that guarantees the constant flow of fine-grain, high-value species data. The gap between taxonomy and conservation may be bridged by explicitly coupling faunistic survey efforts to the monitoring of state variables relevant to ecological research. The hierarchical view is an approach to quantitative ecology with the potential to simultaneously account for the stochasticity associated with the ecological and observation processes. Multi-species site occupancy models are effective quantitative tools that estimate species-specific probabilities of detection and occurrence, from which the size of the community (ie, species richness) may also be estimated. One important advantage of multi-species site occupancy models is the ease by which covariates are specified into the linear predictors of both the ecological and observation process levels. Bayesian methods are powerful inferential tools for the conduction of quantitative research. Estimation of a given parameter under a Bayesian approach results in a posterior probability distribution that provides not only the mean but most importantly its associated uncertainty. The Bayesian mode of inference allows researchers to focus on effect sizes rather than statistical significance. Results from Bayesian analyzes can be communicated clearly and effectively to conservation policy-makers. Species are imperfectly detected. The methods we use to survey insects are important sources of uncertainty that must be taken into account when studying their patterns of occupancy and species richness. Survey protocols should be specifically designed to include spatial and/or temporal replicates from which detection data can be estimated. Heteropteran bugs, as a group, are relatively common across spatial extents, and their communities, as observed at fine grains of resolution, include many rare species that are difficult to detect. The assumption that this pattern holds at bioregional or even larger spatial extents requires more empirical investigation. A properly replicated study, resolved at the municipality or shire level, could contribute to address this gap in knowledge. Novel grassland ecosystems supporting ruderal or spontaneous vegetation are rich depositories of heteropteran bug biodiversity. In urban landscapes, oldroughs and unmanaged urban herbaceous margins may play an important role in the conservation of heteropteran bug species and other insect taxa. Within urban green areas such as golf courses, the complexity of the vegetation structure has a positive effect on heteropteran bug species richness and the species-specific occurrence probabilities of most species. Heteropteran bug species respond to the surrounding landscape. In viticulture landscapes, the proportion of natural habitat surrounding vineyards has a positive effect on mean herbivorous guild-level probability of occurrence. This positive effect is more uncertain for the predatory-guild. In the urban landscapes, species richness of both herbivores and predators decreased along a gradient of increasing urbanization. Almost all species were ‘urban avoiders’, experiencing on average very large decreases in their probabilities of occurrence along the urbanization gradient. Heteropteran bugs in the Iberian Peninsula have a low probability of being detected. This probability varies markedly from family to family and from species to species. Macroecological variables have positive (area, altitudinal range, mean annual temperature and population density) or negative (mean annual precipitation) effects on the mean heteropterofauna detection probability. Methodologies that explicitly account for the observation process may prove fundamental for disentangling which components of species distributions at large bioregional scales are a consequence of imperfect detection as opposed to true patterns of occupancy.
Los heterópteros contribuyen de forma importante a la hiperdiversidad de los insectos. La elaboración de claves dicotómicas actualizadas, ajustadas a la región de estudio y basadas en caracteres de fácil observación, facilita la correcta identificación de los ejemplares. Los estudios faunísticos pueden beneficiarse considerablemente de la existencia de registros fotográficos in-situ y recursos electrónicos de registro de la biodiversidad, ya que ambas herramientas taxonómicas tienen el potencial de favorecer la investigación dirigida a la conservación, así como de implicar al público general en dicho proceso. Las síntesis, los catálogos y las bases de datos faunísticas son esenciales para registrar la ocurrencia y distribución de las especies. La utilización conjunta de estos recursos junto con variables ambientales relevantes para la ecología es clave para acortar la distancia que existe entre ciencias como la taxonomía y la conservación. La visión jerárquica supone una aproximación a la ecología cuantitativa, que tiene el potencial de incluir la estocasticidad asociada a los procesos ecológicos y de observación humana de la naturaleza. Los “modelos de ocupancia de lugar multiespecíficos (msSOM)“ suponen herramientas quantitativas efectivas para estimar la probabilidades de detección y ocurrencia específicas de especies y lugares, así como el tamaño de la comunidad. Los métodos bayesianos de inferencia estadística son herramientas poderosas para realizar análisis cuantitativos. La estimación de los parámetros viene asociada a su incertidumbre y al cálculo del “tamaño del efecto”. Y los resultados pueden comunicarse de forma clara y efectiva a los responsables de desarrollar políticas de conservación. Los heterópteros son detectados de forma imperfecta. Una buena fuente de incertidumbre depende de los métodos que utilicemos para muestrearlos, por lo que debe tenerse en cuenta el proceso de observación a la hora de analizar patrones de ocupancia y riqueza específica. Los protocolos de muestreo deberían estar diseñados de forma que incluyan réplicas espaciales y/o temporales que permitan calcular la detectabilidad. Los insectos heterópteros son relativamente comunes a lo largo de grandes áreas, y sus comunidades incluyen especies raras sólo detectables a pequeña escala. La asumpción de este patrón para la escala bioregional y superiores requiere mayor investigación. Los sistemas herbáceos noveles con vegetación ruderal o espontánea contienen una gran diversidad de insectos heterópteros. Como parte del paisaje urbano, los márgenes herbáceos y otras formaciones poco o nada gestionadas representan zonas importantes para conservar la diversidad de heterópteros y otros insectos. En cuanto a zonas verdes urbanas, como los campos de golf, la complejidad en la estructura de la vegetación tiene un efecto positivo en la biodiversidad de insectos. Los heterópteros se ven influenciados por el paisaje. En paisajes vitivinícolas, la ocurrencia de insectos herbívoros está favorecida por la proporción de hábitat natural favorable. En paisajes urbanos, la urbanizacion tiene un efecto negativo en la presencia de herbívoros y predadores. Ambos estudios, a partir de análisis distintos, convergen hacia una única conclusión.
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Diniz, Suzana. "Influência da complexidade arquitetural de ramos vegetativos na riqueza e abundância de aranhas e outros artrópodes." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316023.

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Анотація:
Orientadores: João Vasconcellos Neto, Gustavo Quevedo Romero
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A estrutura do hábitat tem sido um tema recorrente na literatura, havendo diversos estudos que correlacionaram uma maior complexidade estrutural do hábitat à riqueza e abundância dos mais variados taxa. Contudo, este é um tema de difícil generalização e as abordagens experimentais ainda são raras. A vegetação é um elemento que proporciona complexidade estrutural ao hábitat devido às diversas organizações arquiteturais de seus módulos. Diversos estudos demonstraram que os artrópodes associados às plantas são um dos grupos mais afetados pela arquitetura da vegetação, particularmente as aranhas. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os possíveis efeitos da arquitetura da vegetação sobre a abundância e riqueza de guildas de artrópodes, com ênfase na comunidade de aranhas. O estudo foi dividido em duas partes: (1) uma pesquisa exploratória, cujo objetivo foi correlacionar diferentes elementos arquiteturais das plantas com a comunidade de artrópodes, de forma a avaliar se determinados grupos de artrópodes são mais ou menos abundantes em determinadas configurações arquiteturais da vegetação; (2) uma pesquisa experimental, cujo objetivo foi manipular a arquitetura vegetal agrupando e espaçando os ramos vegetativos, de forma a avaliar os efeitos da densidade vegetal sobre a comunidade de artrópodes. Um total de 17 espécies de plantas e oito características arquiteturais foi utilizado na pesquisa exploratória. Já o experimento foi feito para três espécies de plantas e repetido em duas estações climáticas diferentes (seca e chuvosa) para avaliação dos efeitos sazonais sobre a resposta da comunidade de artrópodes à manipulação arquitetural da vegetação. Todos os dados de abundância e riqueza de artrópodes foram expressos por unidade de biomassa de planta e a disponibilidade de presas para os predadores (i.e., o total de artrópodes exceto o grupo de predadores sendo estudado) foi colocada como co-variável. Os padrões de abundância da comunidade de aranhas foram fortemente correlacionados à arquitetura da vegetação, tanto na pesquisa experimental quanto na exploratória. Já as guildas de outros artrópodes, com algumas exceções, foram pouco afetadas pela arquitetura da vegetação. Algumas guildas de fitófagos tiveram padrões consistentes de distribuição em plantas com diferentes arquiteturas. Estes padrões, por sua vez, ocorreram tanto na pesquisa exploratória quanto na experimental. A abundância de parasitóides e predadores (exceto aranhas) foi mais explicada pela disponibilidade de presas do que pela arquitetura per se. O padrão de distribuição das aranhas sobre as plantas pode ser explicado, em grande medida, pelo favorecimento que determinadas arquiteturas proporcionam aos hábitos de forrageio de cada guilda. Já o padrão de abundância das guildas de fitófagos em plantas com diferentes arquiteturas provavelmente decorre de uma modulação da taxa de predação, uma vez que a arquitetura da planta está vinculada à disponibilidade de refúgios
Abstract: Habitat structure has been a recurrent subject in literature and there have been several researches that correlated a greater structural complexity of habitat to the richness and abundance of diverse taxa. However, this represents a subject of hard generalization and experimental approaches are still rare. Vegetation is an element that provides structural complexity to habitat due to diverse architectural organization of their modules. Many researches demonstrated that arthropods associated to plants are one of the most affected groups by the vegetation architecture, especially the spiders. Thus, the objective of present research was to evaluate possible effects of vegetation architecture on the richness and abundance of arthropod guilds, with special emphasis on spider community. The research was divided in two parts: (1) a survey research, whose objective was to correlate diverse architectural traits of plants with the arthropod community, this in order to assess whether certain groups of the arthropod community are more or less abundant in certain plant architectural configurations; (2) an experimental research, whose objective was to manipulate plant architecture by grouping and spacing the vegetative branches in order to evaluate the effects of plant density on the arthropod community. A total of 17 plant species and eight architectural traits was used in survey research, whereas the experiment was performed in three plant species and repeated in two seasons (dry and wet) for evaluation of seasonal effects on the arthropod community response to manipulation of the plant architecture. All data referring to arthropod abundance and richness were given per unit of plant biomass and the prey availability for predators (i.e., all arthropods except the group of predators being studied) was set as a covariate. The abundance patterns of spider community were strongly correlated to the plant architecture, both in experimental and in survey research. Nevertheless, the other arthropod guilds, with some exceptions, were weakly affected by vegetation architecture. Some phytophagous guilds had consistent patterns of distribution on plant with different architectural traits. These patterns, by the way, occurred as in survey as in experimental research. The abundance of parasitoids and predators (except spiders) was more explained by the prey availability than by the plant architecture per se. Patterns of spider distribution on plants can be quite explained by the advantages that some plant architectures provide to the foraging habits of each guild. Abundance patterns of phytophagous guilds on plants with different architectural traits, nevertheless, were probably due to modulation of predation rates, since the plant architecture could determine refuge availability
Mestrado
Mestre em Ecologia
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Rickard, Louise. "Evolutionary seed ecology." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298844.

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Книги з теми "Ecology"

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Ion, Dediu. Ecologia populațiilor =: Population ecology, demecology. Chișinău: Academia Națională de Științe Ecologice, 2007.

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Calow, Peter, ed. Ecology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444311457.

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Spurgeon, Richard. Ecology. London: Usborne, 1988.

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Pollock, Steve. Ecology. New York: DK Pub., 2005.

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Scott, Michael M. Ecology. Oxford: O.U.P., 1994.

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Colinvaux, Paul. Ecology. New York: Wiley, 1986.

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Books, Time-Life, ed. Ecology. Alexandria, Va: Time-Life Books, 1994.

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Corinne, Stockley, and Ewen Caroline, eds. Ecology. London: Usborne, 1988.

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Books, Time-Life, ed. Ecology. Amsterdam: Time-Life Books, 1994.

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Colinvaux, Paul. Ecology. New York: Wiley, 1986.

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Частини книг з теми "Ecology"

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Pickett, S. T. A., and M. L. Cadenasso. "Urban Ecology urban ecology." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 11324–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_325.

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Punzo, Fred. "Ecology." In The Biology of Camel-Spiders, 107–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5727-2_5.

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South, A. "Ecology." In Terrestrial Slugs, 242–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2380-8_10.

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Melle, Ullrich. "Ecology." In Contributions to Phenomenology, 148–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5344-9_34.

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Schiebel, Ralf, and Christoph Hemleben. "Ecology." In Planktic Foraminifers in the Modern Ocean, 209–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50297-6_7.

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LaCaille, Lara, Anna Maria Patino-Fernandez, Jane Monaco, Ding Ding, C. Renn Upchurch Sweeney, Colin D. Butler, Colin L. Soskolne, et al. "Ecology." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 649. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100531.

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Lauesen, Linne Marie. "Ecology." In Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility, 885–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_381.

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Kull, Tiiu. "Ecology." In Orchid Biology: Reviews and Perspectives, VIII, 139–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2500-2_3.

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Prasher, I. B. "Ecology." In Wood-rotting non-gilled Agaricomycetes of Himalayas, 635–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9858-7_7.

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Murray, Damian R., and Nicholas Kerry. "Ecology." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_37-1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Ecology"

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HALLAM, T. G., L. J. GROSS, and S. A. LEVIN. "Mathematical Ecology." In Autumn Course Research Seminars International Centre for Theoretical Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814541961.

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Reilly, Derek, and Bonnie MacKay. "Annotating ecology." In the 15th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2493190.2493245.

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Barkova, Eleonora, Zoya Bezveselnaya, Nataliya Mamedova, Bogdan Vasyakin, and Irina Yablochkina. "Human ecology in the context of urban space ecology." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIER OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0125352.

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Drossos, Konstantinos, Andreas Floros, and Nikolaos-Grigorios Kanellopoulos. "Affective acoustic ecology." In the 7th Audio Mostly Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2371456.2371474.

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Ryan, William, Erik Stolterman, Heekyoung Jung, Martin Siegel, Tonya Thompson, and William R. Hazlewood. "Device ecology mapper." In the 27th international conference extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1520340.1520661.

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Costa, Carlos J., Manuela Aparicio, Sofia Aparicio, and Joao Tiago Aparicio. "Gamification usage ecology." In SIGDOC '17: The 35th ACM International Conference on the Design of Communication. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3121113.3121205.

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Prowse, Terry, and Hung Tao Shen. "River Ice Ecology." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)258.

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van der Heijden, J. "Ecology of infrastructures." In 2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infra.2008.5439591.

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Kerne, Andruid. "Doing interface ecology." In the ACM SIGGRAPH 05 electronic art and animation catalog. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1086057.1086144.

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Galushko, I. G., A. V. Galushko, and E. K. Musienko. "Ecology of Kuban." In Научный диалог: Молодой ученый. ЦНК МОАН, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-22-06-2018-14.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Ecology"

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Weitkamp, Tristan. Understanding Local Jazz Ecology. Portland State University Library, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.106.

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Jorgensen, Jane, and Philippe Rossignol. Information Assurance Cyber Ecology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada411943.

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DeAngelis, D. L., C. T. Jr Garten, and M. G. Turner. (International meetings on ecology). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6536985.

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Bowman, K. (International meeting of ecology). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6606247.

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Wike, L., D. Doug Martin, E. Eric Nelson, N. Nancy Halverson, J. John Mayer, M. Michael Paller, R. Rodney Riley, and M. Michael Serrato. SRS ECOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION DOCUMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/891666.

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Considine, Timothy J., Christopher Jablonowski, Donita M. M. Considine, and Prasad G. Rao. The industrial ecology of steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810269.

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Beck, D., K. Boyack, and M. Berman. Industrial ecology Prosperity Game{trademark}. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/661662.

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Valenzuela, Nicole M. Evolutionary Ecology of Freshwater Turtles. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-298.

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Kastenberg, W. E., and M. D. Lowenthal. Industrial ecology analysis - final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5774.

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Brown, J. H., and J. Roughgarden. Ecology for a changing earth. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6500784.

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