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Статті в журналах з теми "ECG diagnostic systems"
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Vijendra, V., and Meghana Kulkarni. "Fuzzy Controlled ID Interpretation Based ECG Diagnostic Systems." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 1734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.8553.
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Satija, Udit, Barathram Ramkumar, and M. Sabarimalai Manikandan. "An automated ECG signal quality assessment method for unsupervised diagnostic systems." Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering 38, no. 1 (2018): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2017.10.002.
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Zywietz, Chr, J. H. van Bemmel, and R. Degani. "Evaluation of ECG Interpretation Systems: Signal Analysis." Methods of Information in Medicine 29, no. 04 (1990): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634795.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractPerformance analysis of biosignal processing systems which provide diagnostic statements requires particular care. Besides general accuracy requirements, psychological and legal implications for patient and physician have to be considered on both the development and the user sites. Cybernetics and control engineering have provided the basic methodology for performance analysis of systems: in technical systems often mathematically defined functions and signals can be fed into the system to be tested and its response and output provide the necessary performance characteristics after adequate mathematical analysis. For systems which process biosignals, as for example ECG analysis systems, instead of analytically given signals learning and test sets of data derived from patients have to be applied. The performance analysis is done on a statistical basis. In this paper construction and composition of learning and test data sets as well as methods for performance evaluation of the signal pocessing part of ECG programs are described. Specific reference is made to the European project Common Standards for Quantitative Electrocardiography (CSE) where ten ECG- and nine VCG-programs have been tested. The results of these tests provide reference data and standards for further program development as well as for independent system performance evaluation.
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Vimal, C., and B. Sathish. "Random Forest Classifier Based ECG Arrhythmia Classification." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 5, no. 2 (April 2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhisi.2010040101.
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Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis is a non-invasive tool for assessing the autonomic nervous system and for arrhythmia detection and classification. This paper presents a Random Forest classifier based diagnostic system for detecting cardiac arrhythmias using ECG data. The authors use features extracted from ECG signals using HRV analysis and DWT for classification. The experimental results indicate that a prediction accuracy of more than 98% can be obtained using the proposed method. This system can be further improved and fine-tuned for practical applications.
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Nikolsky, A. V., V. M. Levanov, D. V. Drozdov, and A. A. Kozlov. "Patients’ selfoperated telemedical solutions for ecg screening." Medical alphabet 2, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-2-12(387)-25-28.
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Currently, a number of manufacturers offer devices for self-registration of ECG and other parameters of the cardiovascular system (CVS) by patients and signal analysis using telemedicine technologies. This makes it possible to create medical services based on mobile remote monitoring. The purpose of the article: a review of existing telemedicine solutions for individual ECG recording and related mobile applications and server-side data analysis software for assessing applicability in functional diagnostics and cardiology services. The article highlights the history of the development of methods for telemedicine analysis of ECG, provides a comparative review of modern solutions for medical cardioregistration. Findings. 1. Individual ECG telemonitoring is a promising technology that is comparable in terms of diagnostic capabilities to assess cardiac rhythm disturbances with Holter ECG monitoring and multifunctional monitoring implanted with ECG loopback recorders. The main vector of development of individual ECG telemonitoring systems is related to the automation of ECG analysis both on the server side and in the patient’s mobile application, for this the application of artificial intelligence and big data (bigdata) is promising. 2. Telecardiogram of an electrocardiogram promotes closer contact of the patient and medical service at the minimum expenses of time for such interaction.
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Epstein, Richard H., Yuel-Kai Jean, Roman Dudaryk, Robert E. Freundlich, Jeremy P. Walco, Dorothee A. Mueller, and Shawn E. Banks. "Natural Language Mapping of Electrocardiogram Interpretations to a Standardized Ontology." Methods of Information in Medicine 60, no. 03/04 (September 2021): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736312.
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Abstract Background Interpretations of the electrocardiogram (ECG) are often prepared using software outside the electronic health record (EHR) and imported via an interface as a narrative note. Thus, natural language processing is required to create a computable representation of the findings. Challenges include misspellings, nonstandard abbreviations, jargon, and equivocation in diagnostic interpretations. Objectives Our objective was to develop an algorithm to reliably and efficiently extract such information and map it to the standardized ECG ontology developed jointly by the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology Foundation, and the Heart Rhythm Society. The algorithm was to be designed to be easily modifiable for use with EHRs and ECG reporting systems other than the ones studied. Methods An algorithm using natural language processing techniques was developed in structured query language to extract and map quantitative and diagnostic information from ECG narrative reports to the cardiology societies' standardized ECG ontology. The algorithm was developed using a training dataset of 43,861 ECG reports and applied to a test dataset of 46,873 reports. Results Accuracy, precision, recall, and the F1-measure were all 100% in the test dataset for the extraction of quantitative data (e.g., PR and QTc interval, atrial and ventricular heart rate). Performances for matches in each diagnostic category in the standardized ECG ontology were all above 99% in the test dataset. The processing speed was approximately 20,000 reports per minute. We externally validated the algorithm from another institution that used a different ECG reporting system and found similar performance. Conclusion The developed algorithm had high performance for creating a computable representation of ECG interpretations. Software and lookup tables are provided that can easily be modified for local customization and for use with other EHR and ECG reporting systems. This algorithm has utility for research and in clinical decision-support where incorporation of ECG findings is desired.
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Khalid Ibrahim, Mohammed, Ahmed A. Hamad, Murad Obaid Abed, and Riyadh Abdulhamza Mohammed. "Review: Recent Directions in ECG-FPGA Researches." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 27, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubes.v27i2.2344.
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The last few years witnessed an increased interest in utilizing field programmable gate array (FPGA) for a variety of applications. This utilizing derived mostly by the advances in the FPGA flexible resource configuration, increased speed, relatively low cost and low energy consumption. The introduction of FPGA in medicine and health care field aim generally to replace costly and usually bigger medical monitoring and diagnostic equipment with much smaller and possibly portable systems based on FPGA that make use of the design flexibility of FPGA. Many recent researches focus on FPGA systems to deal with the well-known yet very important electrocardiogram (ECG) signal aspects to provide acceleration and improvement in the performance as well as finding and proposing new ideas for such implementations. The recent directions in ECG-FPGA are introduced in this paper.
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Übeyli, Elif Derya. "Usage of eigenvector methods in implementation of automated diagnostic systems for ECG beats." Digital Signal Processing 18, no. 1 (January 2008): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2007.05.005.
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Wilson, Fiona, Cliodhna McHugh, Caroline MacManus, Aaron Baggish, Christopher Tanayan, Satyajit Reddy, Meagan M. Wasfy, and Richard B. Reilly. "Diagnostic Accuracy of a Portable ECG Device in Rowing Athletes." Diagnostics 12, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102271.
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Background: Athletes can experience exercise-induced transient arrythmias during high-intensity exercise or competition, which are difficult to capture on traditional Holter monitors or replicate in clinical exercise testing. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of a portable single channel ECG sensor and data recorder (PluxECG) and to evaluate the confidence and reliability in interpretation of ECGs recorded using the PluxECG during remote rowing. Methods: This was a two-phase study on rowing athletes. Phase I assessed the accuracy and precision of heart rate (HR) using the PluxECG system compared to a reference 12-lead ECG system. Phase II evaluated the confidence and reliability in interpretation of ECGs during ergometer (ERG) and on-water (OW) rowing at moderate and high intensities. ECGs were reviewed by two expert readers for HR, rhythm, artifact and confidence in interpretation. Results: Findings from Phase I found that 91.9% of samples were within the 95% confidence interval for the instantaneous value of the changing exercising HR. The mean correlation coefficient across participants and tests was 0.9886 (σ = 0.0002, SD = 0.017) and between the two systems at elevated HR was 0.9676 (σ = 0.002, SD = 0.05). Findings from Phase II found significant differences for the presence of artifacts and confidence in interpretation in ECGs between readers’ for both intensities and testing conditions. Interpretation of ECGs for OW rowing had a lower level of reader agreement than ERG rowing for HR, rhythm, and artifact. Using consensus data between readers’ significant differences were apparent between OW and ERG rowing at high-intensity rowing for HR (p = 0.05) and artifact (p = 0.01). ECGs were deemed of moderate-low quality based on confidence in interpretation and the presence of artifacts. Conclusions: The PluxECG device records accurate and reliable HR but not ECG data during exercise in rowers. The quality of ECG tracing derived from the PluxECG device is moderate-low, therefore the confidence in ECG interpretation using the PluxECG device when recorded on open water is inadequate at this time.
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Cervigón, Raquel, Brian McGinley, Darren Craven, Martin Glavin, and Edward Jones. "The Effects of Compression on the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in ECG Signals." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 5908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135908.
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Although Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent cause of cardioembolic stroke, the arrhythmia remains underdiagnosed, as it is often asymptomatic or intermittent. Automated detection of AF in ECG signals is important for patients with implantable cardiac devices, pacemakers or Holter systems. Such resource-constrained systems often operate by transmitting signals to a central server where diagnostic decisions are made. In this context, ECG signal compression is being increasingly investigated and employed to increase battery life, and hence the storage and transmission efficiency of these devices. At the same time, the diagnostic accuracy of AF detection must be preserved. This paper investigates the effects of ECG signal compression on an entropy-based AF detection algorithm that monitors R-R interval regularity. The compression and AF detection algorithms were applied to signals from the MIT-BIH AF database. The accuracy of AF detection on reconstructed signals is evaluated under varying degrees of compression using the state-of-the-art Set Partitioning In Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) compression algorithm. Results demonstrate that compression ratios (CR) of up to 90 can be obtained while maintaining a detection accuracy, expressed in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, of at least 0.9. This highlights the potential for significant energy savings on devices that transmit/store ECG signals for AF detection applications, while preserving the diagnostic integrity of the signals, and hence the detection performance.
Дисертації з теми "ECG diagnostic systems"
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Lima, Marcelo Araújo. "Sistema remoto para análise automática de ECGs nos padrões HL7 AECG e DICOM-ECG." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/26078.
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LIMA, M. A. Sistema remoto para análise automática de ECGs nos padrões HL7 AECG e DICOM-ECG. 2017. 78 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia de Teleinformática)–Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017.Submitted by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br) on 2017-09-25T17:22:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_malima.pdf: 1997199 bytes, checksum: 6819aa354bd4c431de68f3bd5aca3b39 (MD5)
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According to the World Health Organization, about 17.5 million people die each year from cardiovascular disease. The early diagnosis and treatment is crucial to reduce this high number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases. Due to the importance of the electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis, which represents one of the main tests for the detection of these cardiovascular diseases, in the present dissertation is proposed a remote system for automatic ECGs analysis based on webservices that can substantially assist the doctor, using the extracted ECGs information, with the purpose to generate reports. Hence, a Middleware is proposed to abstract the complexities and to facilitate the construction of tools that allow the ECGs automatic analysis. The proposed architecture consists on a server which provides the computational algorithms to identify the main waves present in ECGs such as QRS complex, P and T waves, and support the open standards of HL7 aECG and DICOM-ECG. In order to validate the proposed Middleware and contribute to the medical community, especially the Walter Cantídio University Hospital, a Web application for remotely accessible ECG report was developed. The proposed solution was tested using the database MITDB to simulate the patients of the system and produce the results presented in this dissertation. The proposed solution met the established requirements which makes the proposed solution viable financially and technically.
De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), cerca de 17,5 milhões de pessoas morrem todos os anos vítimas de doenças cardiovasculares. O diagnóstico e tratamento precoce às pessoas com doenças cardiovasculares é fundamental para reduzir este número elevado de óbitos. Devido à importância da análise de Eletrocardiograma (ECG), que representa um dos principais exames para detecção destas doenças cardiovasculares, na presente dissertação é proposto um sistema remoto para análise automática de Eletrocardiograma (ECG)s baseado em Web services que pode auxiliar substancialmente o médico especialista, a partir de informações extraídas de ECGs, na emissão de laudos. Neste sentido, propõe-se um Middleware para abstrair as complexidades e facilitar a construção de ferramentas que permitam a análise automática de ECGs. Na arquitetura proposta, um servidor disponibiliza os algoritmos computacionais para identificação das principais ondas presentes nos ECGs tais como complexo QRS, ondas P e T, e suporte aos padrões abertos de exames HL7 aECG e DICOM-ECG. Para validar o Middleware proposto e contribuir com a comunidade médica, em especial do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, desenvolve-se uma aplicação Web para geração de laudos de ECGs acessível remotamente. Testes foram realizados com a solução proposta, utilizando-se a base de dados MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database (MITDB) para simular os pacientes do sistema e produzir os resultados apresentados nesta dissertação. A solução proposta atendeu aos requisitos estabelecidos e representa uma solução viável, financeiramente e tecnicamente.
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Islam, Mohd Siblee. "A Decision Support System for StressDiagnosis using ECG Sensor." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-11769.
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Diagnosis of stress is important because it can cause many diseases e.g., heart disease, headache, migraine, sleep problems, irritability etc. Diagnosis of stress in patients often involves acquisition of biological signals for example heart rate, finger temperature, electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyography signal (EMG), skin conductance signal (SC) etc. followed up by a careful analysis of the acquired signals. The accuracy is totally dependent on the experience of an expert. Again the number of such experts is also very limited. Heart rate is considered as an important parameter in determining stress. It reflects status of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and thus is very effective in monitoring any imbalance in patient’s stress level. Therefore, a computer-aided system is useful to determine stress level based on various features that can be extracted from a patient’s heart rate signals. Stress diagnosis using biomedical signals is difficult and since the biomedical signals are too complex to generate any rule an experienced person or expert is needed to determine stress levels. Also, it is not feasible to use all the features that are available or possible to extract from the signal. So, relevant features should be chosen from the extracted features that are capable to diagnose stress. Again, ECG signal is frequently contaminated by outliers produced by the loose conduction of the electrode due to sneezing, itching etcetera that hampers the value of the features. A Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) System is helpful when it is really hard to formulate rule and the knowledge on the domain is also weak. A CBR system is developed to evaluate how closely it can diagnose stress levels compare to an expert. A study is done to find out mostly used features to reduce the number of features used in the system and in case library. A software prototype is developed that can collect ECG signal from a patient through ECG sensor and calculate Inter Beat Interval (IBI) signal and features from it. Instead of doing manual visual inspection a new way to remove outliers from the IBI signal is also proposed and implemented here. The case base has been initiated with 22 reference cases classified by an expert. A performance analysis has been done and the result considering how close the system can perform compare to the expert is presented. On the basis of the evaluations an accuracy of 86% is obtained compare to an expert. However, the correctly classified case for stressed group (Sensitivity) was 57% and it is quite important to increase as it is related to the safety issue of health. The reasons of relatively lower sensitivity and possible ways to improve it are also investigated and explained.
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Tang, Man, and 鄧敏. "A study of the nonlinear dynamics nature of ECG signals using Chaos theory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B34624843.
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Tang, Yu. "Feature Extraction for the Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-33742.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cardiovascular disease is a serious life-threatening disease. It can occur suddenly and progresses rapidly. Finding the right disease features in the early stage is important to decrease the number of deaths and to make sure that the patient can fully recover. Though there are several methods of examination, describing heart activities in signal form is the most cost-effective way. In this case, ECG is the best choice because it can record heart activity in signal form and it is safer, faster and more convenient than other methods of examination. However, there are still problems involved in the ECG. For example, not all the ECG features are clear and easily understood. In addition, the frequency features are not present in the traditional ECG. To solve these problems, the project uses the optimized CWT algorithm to transform data from the time domain into the time-frequency domain. The result is evaluated by three data mining algorithms with different mechanisms. The evaluation proves that the features in the ECG are successfully extracted and important diagnostic information in the ECG is preserved. A user interface is designed increasing efficiency, which facilitates the implementation.
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Koskinen, M. (Miika). "Automatic assessment of functional suppression of the central nervous system due to propofol anesthetic infusion:from EEG phenomena to a quantitative index." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514281756.
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Abstract
The rationale for automatically monitoring anesthetic drug effects on the central nervous system (CNS) is to improve possibilities to gain objective information on a patient's state and to adjust the medication individually. Although monitors have shown their usefulness in practice, there are still a number of unclear issues, especially with respect to the scientific foundations and validity of CNS monitoring techniques, and in monitoring the light hypnotic levels. Current monitors are, for example, often based on heuristics and ad hoc solutions. However, a quantitative index for anesthetic drug effect should have a sound relationship with observations and with the selected control variable. The research objectives are: (1) to explore propofol anesthetic related neurophysiological phenomena that can be applied in the automatic assessment of CNS suppression; (2) to develop a valid control variable for this purpose; (3) by means of digital signal processing and mathematical modeling, to design and to evaluate the performance of an index that correlates with the control variable.
This dissertation introduces potentially useful neurophysiological phenomena, such as changes in phase synchronization between different EEG channels due to anesthesia, and painful stimulus evoked responses during the burst suppression. Furthermore, it refines the progression of the time-frequency patterns during the induction of anesthesia and shows their relation to the instant of unresponsiveness. The presented spontaneous and evoked EEG phenomena provide complementary information about the CNS functional suppression.
Most significantly, the dissertation proposes a continuous and observation based control variable (r scale) and the means to predict its values by using EEG data. The definition of the scale provides a basis for anticipating the instant of the loss of consciousness. Additionally, the phase synchronization index as an indicator of drug effect is introduced. The approximate entropy descriptor performance is evaluated and optimised with a non-stationary signal recorded during the induction of anesthesia.
The results open up opportunities to improve the preciseness, scientific validity and the interpretation of information on the anesthetic effects on CNS, and therefore, to increase the reliability of the anesthesia monitoring. Further work is needed to extend and verify the results in deep anesthesia.
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Sposto, Maria Regina. "Perfil das condições sistêmicas e bucais de usuários de próteses removíveis atendidos em um Serviço de Medicina Bucal /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/116097.
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Resumo: A presença de doenças sistêmicas, uso de medicamentos, e uso de próteses removíveis, entre outros fatores, podem alterar o equilíbrio fisiológico da cavidade bucal favorecendo o estabelecimento de diversas alterações e/ou patologias bucais. Assim, o estudo das prevalências destes fatores, nos pacientes odontológicos, tornam-se importantes pois devem ser considerados para elaborar o diagnóstico e definir a conduta terapêutica. Com o objetivo de delinear um perfil, avaliamos os prontuários de 500 usuários de próteses removíveis atendidos no Serviço de Medicina Bucal da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - UNESP. Analisamos os dados referentes a: características da população e das próteses removíveis, prevalência das doenças sistêmicas, uso de medicamentos e diagnóstico final das patologias ou alterações bucais. Os resultados obtidos nos permitem concluir que a maioria (74%) dos usuários de próteses removíveis eram mulheres brancas; metade da população pertencia a faixa etária de 41 a 60 anos e, quase a metade (49,2%) usava a combinação de prótese total superior e inferior. As doenças sistêmicas foram relatadas por 57,2% da amostra e a prevalência maior foi de doenças do sistema cardiovascular (25,4%). A maioria (60,4%) da população relatou uso de medicamentos e, dentre os mais freqüentes, a prevalência maior foram dos cardiovasculares (26,4%). A prevalência de patologias ou alterações bucais foi de 99,6%, sendo as relacionadas ao uso de próteses removíveis as mais freqüentes. Dentre estas, a candidose crônica atrófica ocorreu em 81,8% da população estudada e a hiperplasia fibrosa em 29,2%.Abstract: Systemic diseases, the use of drugs and removable prosthetic appliance wearing, among others conditions, can influence the oral health, promoting the development of various oral mucosal disorders. Thus, the study of those informations on the dental patients becomes important and must be considered to estabilish the diagnosis and therapeutic management. The aim of this study was to provide descriptive epidemiologic information. For that task we have collected and analysed data from 500 files of patients, which are wearers of removable prosthetic appliances who attended at the Oral Medicine Service of Araraquara Dental School - UNESP. The results provide information about characteristics of the population and their removable appliances, prevalences of systemic diseases, use of drugs and diagnosis of oral diseases. The results allowed us to draw a profile of the population, concluding that the majority (74%) of the removable appliances wearers were white women, half of the sample with age between 41 to 60 years and almost half using an association of complete maxillary denture and complete mandibular denture. The health questionnaire indicated 57.2% of the population with systemic diseases, and the highest prevalence was of cardiovascular diseases (25.4%).The majority of the sample (60.4%) reported the use of drugs and the cardiovascular drugs were the more frequent (26.4%). The prevalence of oral diseases was 99.6%, the ones which were related with removable prosthetic were the most frequent. Among these, chronic atrophic candidosis was diagnosed in 81.8% of the sample and fibrous hyperplasia in 29.2%.
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Urban, Rodrigo Custódio. "Fragilidade ambiental, qualidades do solo, da água e ocupação urbana na microbacia do córrego Lavapés - Sorocaba/SP /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98308.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Alexandre Marco da SilvaBanca: Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz
Banca: Antonio Fernando Monteiro Camargo
Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo efetuar uma análise comparativa entre variáveis físicas e químicas de qualidade de água e solo e da fragilidade ambiental dda microbacia do córrego Lavapés - Sorocaba/SP. A área de estudo possui alguns fragmentos florestais remanescentes, e apresenta aumento de área urbanizada. Foram quantificadas quinze variáveis descritoras da situação física, química e hidráulica do solo, in situ ou em laboratório. A amostragem de água foi realizada, mensalmente, durante doze meses, em dois pontos previamente selecionados. Foram quantificados dezesseis variáveis físicas e químicas de qualidade de água. Um mapa de fragilidade ambiental a processos erosivos foi elaborado a partir de método de superposição de mapas. A área de estudo apresentou Fragilidade Ambiental muito baixa (73,33% de sua área), indicando baixa propensão a eventos erosivos severos. A análise das variáveis de qualidade de solo apresentou melhores condições ambientais nas áreas de vegetação remanescente. As variávies condutividade elétrica, porosidade, e frações de carbono e nitrogênio do solo se mostraram superiores em áreas de vegetação. A comparação dos solos expostos foi superior às dos outros usos. O uso da terra que apresentou maior heterogeneidade de dados de qualidade de solo foi a "área urbana", devido a grande quantidade de materiais exógenos econtrados nos solos amostrados. As amostras de água apontaram ligeira queda na qualidade do córrego Lavapés, entre o ponto amostral próximo a nascente e o ponto próximo à foz. Não verificou-se grande influência sazonal no comportamento iônico dos cursos d'água. A exportação de nutrientes pelo córrego Lavapés apresentou baixa influência para o rio Sorocaba. O córrego Lavapés encontra-se em estado mesotrófico. A análise integrada de resíduos de superfícies de tendências das variáveis magnésio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: A comparative analysis among the physical and chemical parameters of water and soil quality and of Environmental Fragility of the watershed of stream Lavapés - Sorocaba/SP was carried out. The study area has remnant forest patches and urban increasing. We quantified fifteen physical, chemical and hydraulic soil parameters. Monthly and during on year we collected water samples an in situ complementary information, in order to check the local water quality. Sixteen physical and chemical parameters of water quality. Sixteen physical and chemical parameters of water quality we analyzed. An Environmental Fragility map was elaborated through from a method of map overlaying. The study area presented very low Environmental Fragility (73,3% of its area), indicating low propensity to servere erosion processes. Soil presented better environmental conditions in areas covered with forest vegetation. There was not verified great change in the textures of the soils from different land covers. The parameters electric conductivity, porosity, carbon and nitrogen were higher in areas of vegetation. The compaction was higher in exposed soils than in the other land covers. The "urban" was presented higher data heterogeneity of soil quality, because of the great quantity of exogen materials searched with the sample of soil. The water samples pointed a worsening in the quality of the stream Lavapés, between the sampling point next to the head of the river and the sampling point next to the mouth of the river. There was not verified great seasonal influence in the ionic behaviour of the watercourse. The output rate of nutrients by the stream Lavapés presented low influence to the river Sorocaba. The stream Lavapés was in mesotrophic state. The integrated analysis of the residuals of tendency surfaces of the parameters magnesium, phosphorus and calcium, with the study area hydrography indicated that the soil... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Ghosh, Dastidar Samanwoy. "Models of EEG data mining and classification in temporal lobe epilepsy: wavelet-chaos-neural network methodology and spiking neural networks." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180459585.
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Doede, Aubrey L. "Electromyographic Analysis of Trunk Muscle Activation During a Throwing Pattern Following Rotator Cuff Mobilization." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/90.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Correct muscular activation of the body segments during an overhand throw is achieved when movement originates in the larger and more proximal legs and trunk and moves sequentially to the smaller, distal segments of the shoulder and arm. This sequence permits angular velocity to transfer progressively through the throw as part of an open kinetic chain. The athlete can summate angular velocity and segmental forces only if he is able to create a separation between the body segments during the movement pattern, and this separation is thus essential to effective segmental sequencing for activation of the trunk muscles to occur separately from distal segment motion. Limited mobility of the shoulder and scapula during the kinematic sequence will limit the ability of that segment to receive and contribute to the angular velocity of its proximal neighbors and to apply its own muscle torque to the throwing implement. This may result in compensatory motion of the proximal muscle groups to meet the demands placed on the body. To establish a link between compensatory activation of the trunk muscles and mobility in the rotator cuff and to apply this relationship to the pattern of the overhand throw, activity in the latissimus dorsi and external oblique/quadratus lumborum muscles was measured using surface electromyography in 40 college-age participants during arm flexion and lateral shoulder rotation. Muscle activation was recorded both before and after mobilization of relevant throwing muscles through targeted functional exercise. Results showed no significant change but suggested a general decrease in the level of peak muscle activation after participants engaged shoulder exercises. This is indicative of a downward trend in compensatory trunk activation during the initiation of shoulder motion. An increase in overall trunk muscle activity was also observed after exercise, which may imply a simultaneous engagement of the proximal throwing muscles in response to shoulder motion.
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Jain, Sanjeev Kumar. "Energy efficient ecg signal processor for wearable ecg diagnostic system." Thesis, 2016. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/7213.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "ECG diagnostic systems"
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Lipman, Bradford C. ECG assessment and interpretation. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 1994.
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Toni, Cascio, ed. ECG assessment and interpretation. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Co., 1994.
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Lippincott's need-to-know ECG facts. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1997.
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Lippincott Williams & Wilkins., ed. Just the facts: ECG interpretation. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
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Mark, Quigg, ed. EEG pearls. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier, 2006.
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Samanwoy, Ghosh-Dastidar, ed. Automated EEG-based diagnosis of neurological disorders: Inventing the future of neurology. Boca Raton: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 2010.
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Yamada, Tōru. Practical guide for clinical neurophysiologic testing: EEG. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010.
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Yamada, Tōru. Practical guide for clinical neurophysiologic testing: EEG. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010.
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Tyner, Fay S. Fundamentals of EEG technology. New York: Raven Press, 1989.
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Jr, Thomas S. Metkus. ECG Rounds. McGraw-Hill Education / Medical, 2013.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "ECG diagnostic systems"
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Shashank, Kavita, Sakire Arslan Ay, Ankit Fulzele, R. C. Ram, Huan Hu, and Subhanshu Gupta. "Precise Placement of Precordial Electrodes with +/−0.5 cm Accuracy for Recording ECG in Self-operable Diagnostic Devices." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 529–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60483-1_55.
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Giakoumakis, E. A., and G. Papakonstantinou. "A consulting system for ECG diagnosis." In Engineering Systems with Intelligence, 133–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2560-4_15.
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Mahadevaswamy, U. B., Manoj R. Poojari, Murugendra Bandrad, Pavan Kalyan Kallur, and J. Jithesh. "ECG Signal Analysis, Diagnosis and Transmission." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 633–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3383-9_57.
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Buratti, P., and M. Zerbini. "Multimode Light Collection Systems for ECE Diagnostics." In Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors, 211–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0369-5_25.
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Ledos, J. P., X. Colas Des Francs, A. Strauss, P. Le Beux, B. Auvert, and D. Fontaine. "An Expert System for Interpretation and Diagnosis of ECG Signals." In Expert Systems and Decision Support in Medicine, 191–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48706-4_29.
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Trahanias, P., G. Stamatopoulos, and E. Skordalakis. "Error Detection and Correction in Linguististic Representation of ECG Waveforms." In System Fault Diagnostics, Reliability and Related Knowledge-Based Approaches, 133–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3931-8_12.
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Oehler, Martin, M. Schilling, and H. D. Esperer. "Novel multichannel capacitive ECG-System for cardiac diagnostics beyond the standard-lead system." In IFMBE Proceedings, 30–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_9.
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Jain, Amit, Rahul Dubey, and Vandana Vikas Thakare. "A Novel Method for Diagnosis of Cardiac Disease Using ECG on Proposed CNN." In Algorithms for Intelligent Systems, 47–54. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3951-8_4.
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Bhatt, Monika, Mayank Patel, Ajay Kumar Sharma, Ruchi Vyas, and Vijendra Kumar Maurya. "Modified Method of Diagnosis of Arrhythmia Using ECG Signal Classification with Neural Network." In Algorithms for Intelligent Systems, 457–65. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1373-2_36.
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Anita, J. P., and P. T. Vanathi. "Multiple Fault Diagnosis and Test Power Reduction Using Genetic Algorithms." In Eco-friendly Computing and Communication Systems, 84–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32112-2_11.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "ECG diagnostic systems"
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Chan, Chun-Chieh, Wei-Chieh Chou, Ching-Wei Chen, Yi-Lwun Ho, Yen-Hung Lin, and Hsi-Pin Ma. "Energy efficient diagnostic grade mobile ECG monitoring." In 2012 IEEE 10th International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/newcas.2012.6328979.
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Dozio, R., and M. J. Burke. "Second and third order analogue high-pass filters for diagnostic quality ECG." In IET Irish Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC 2009). IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.1719.
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Bouaziz, Fatiha, Daoud Boutana, and Hamouche Oulhadj. "Diagnostic of ECG Arrhythmia using Wavelet Analysis and K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm." In 2018 International Conference on Applied Smart Systems (ICASS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icass.2018.8652020.
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Loboda, Igor, and Sergey Yepifanov. "A Mixed Data-Driven and Model Based Fault Classification for Gas Turbine Diagnosis." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In modern gas turbine health monitoring systems, the diagnostic algorithms based on gas path analysis may be considered as principal. They analyze gas path measured variables and are capable of identifying different faults and degradation mechanisms of gas turbine components (e.g. compressor, turbine, and combustor) as well as malfunctions of the measurement system itself. Gas path mathematical models are widely used in building fault classification required for diagnostics because faults rarely occur during field operation. In that case, model errors are transmitted to the model-based classification, which poses the problem of rendering the description of some classes more accurate using real data. This paper looks into the possibility of creating a mixed fault classification that incorporates both model-based and data-driven fault classes. Such a classification will combine a profound common diagnosis with a higher diagnostic accuracy for the data-driven classes. A gas turbine power plant for natural gas pumping has been chosen as a test case. Its real data with cycles of compressor fouling were used to form a data-driven class of the fouling. Preliminary qualitative analysis showed that these data allow creating a representative class of the fouling and that this class will be compatible with simulated fault classes. A diagnostic algorithm was created based on the proposed classification (real class of compressor fouling and simulated fault classes for other components) and artificial neural networks. The algorithm was subjected to statistical testing. As a result, probabilities of a correct diagnosis were determined. Different variations of the classification were considered and compared using these probabilities as criteria. The performed analysis has revealed no limitations for realizing a principle of the mixed classification in real monitoring systems.
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Głuch, Jerzy, and Jerzy Krzyz˙anowski. "Application of Preprocessed Classifier Type Neural Network for Searching of Faulty Components of Power Cycles in Case of Incomplete Measurement Data." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thermal and flow diagnostics of power units makes use of diagnostic relations i.e. relations between fault signatures (sets of symptoms) and geometry degradation of its components. Determining symptoms may base on thorough thermal measurements of the cycle. However, numerous apparatuses in the cycle are not or cannot be properly equipped for necessary measurements. Examples of such apparatuses in a steam turbine are external glands and nozzle box sealings. The paper studies the applicability of a selected type of Artificial Neural Network, ANN, as a diagnostic relation for locating faulty apparatuses in HP and IP turbine casings, including their sealing systems. The obtained results can be assessed as good for single faults, and satisfactory for multiple faults of the cycle components. The examined type of ANN can be used e.g. in a modular hierarchical diagnostic system proposed by Gluch & Krzyzanowski, 1998, 1999.
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Kadu, Vedanti, Sanjay Dambhare, Abhinav Ujjir, and Vineet Yadav. "Development of Standalone Diagnostic Extract Tool for Authoring AUTOSAR DEXT Information." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0850.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Due to increase in complexity of vehicle functionality and involvement of electronic components, the use of complex electronic control units is prevalent in today’s vehicles. This has led to increased amount of Electronic Control Unit (ECU) data, and in turn increased Diagnostic data. This Diagnostic data is described in the Automotive Open System Architecture Diagnostic Exchange Template (AUTOSAR DEXT), which is a standard diagnostic data format specified in AUTOSAR 4.2.1 for Unified Diagnostic Services and fault memory. It enables consistent exchange of Diagnostic information across Original Equipment manufacturer OEMs and between OEM and Suppliers, thereby aiding uniformity in configuration of basic software modules described in Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR) Layered Architecture across enterprise boundaries. DEXT provides the possibility to describe the data to be transported, using respective protocol, along with origin of data in ECU’s application software. When there is availability of both information and data, the configuration of diagnostic basic software becomes possible. This Paper explains the steps which are necessary to process diagnostic data which is being populated in DEXT file, and further tailor it for a production ECU.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><i>Index Terms</i></div><div class="htmlview paragraph">—Automotive Open System Architecture, Autosar Extensiable markup language, Basic Software, Controller Area Network, Communication Manager, Diagnostic Communication Manager, Diagnostic Event Manager, Diagnostic Extract Template, Diagnostic Data Identifier, Diagnostic Trouble Code, Electronic Unit Control, Function Inhibition Manager, Local Interconnect Network, Onboard Diagnostics, Open Diagnostic Extract, Original Equipment Manager, Diagnostic Extract Template, Electronic Control Unit, Original Equipment Manufacturer, Unified Diagnostic Services.</div></div>
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Sousa, Robson Pequeno de, Katia Elizabete Galdino, Misael Elias de Morais, Carlos Wilson D. de Almeida, Adson D. D. da Silva, Valderi M. da Silva, Luiz A. C. Filho, and Saulo S. de Toledo. "A Computer Aided Diagnosis of ECG." In 2014 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbms.2014.115.
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Shi, Haotian, Haoren Wang, Yixiang Huang, Yifan Zhang, and Chengliang Liu. "A Mobile Intelligent ECG Monitoring System Based on IOS." In 2017 International Conference on Sensing, Diagnostics, Prognostics and Control (SDPC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sdpc.2017.37.
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Klinger, Volkhard. "Smart platform-based IoT-modules for applications in health care and rehabilitation." In the 8th International Workshop on Innovative Simulation for Healthcare. CAL-TEK srl, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2019.iwish.014.
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"Embedded systems and the Internet of Things (IoT) enable new procedures, measurement and analysis methods in the field of biomedical systems. The measurement of data, based on electrocardiogram (ECG)-, electromyogram (EMG)- or electroneurogram (ENG)-signals, allows a multitude of new approaches in diagnosis, prevention or rehabilitation. As part of a project for ENG-based control of prostheses, a platform has been designed, called smart modular biosignal acquisition, identification and control system (SMoBAICS), that also uses IoT-devices. In this paper, different IoT-devices are presented and described. In the context of an analysis of use cases, it becomes clear that the platform represents a toolbox, which provides appropriate modules and module configurations for different requirements. The designed IoT-devices use standard interfaces in order to integrate a specific additional function into the system. In the focus are two microcontroller (mC)-devices with different characteristics and a front-end system that enables the connection of a variety of Force Sensing Resistor (FSR)-sensors. Based on this platform architecture, many applications were presented, and examples were given of how the required functionality for the corresponding application can be achieved with the help of these IoT-systems. This platform enables a fusion of the various sensor data with the objective of motion identification and prosthesis control based on this by reading out various data (forces, acceleration, ENG-data, etc.) and integrating identification algorithms."
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Badeeva, Elena Alexandrovna, Tatyana Ivanovna Murashkina, Nadezhda Alexandrovna Khasanshina, Dmitry Ivanovich Serebryakov, and Ekaterina Alekseevna Polyakova. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF OPTICAL-MECHANICAL SYSTEM OF FIBER-OPTIC PRESSURE CONVERTER OF ATTENUATOR-REFLECTIVE TYPE." In International conference New technologies in medicine, biology, pharmacology and ecology (NT +M&Ec ' 2020). Institute of information technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-0-7.02.
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The article proposes a fiber-optic diagnostic system based on fiber-optic sensors of the tongue pressure on the palate of the attenuator-reflective type for use in therapeutic dentistry in the diagnosis of various abnormalities in the oral cavity caused by congenital cleavages of the upper lip and palate and other accompanying anomalies.
Звіти організацій з теми "ECG diagnostic systems"
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WANG, MIN, Sheng Chen, Changqing Zhong, Tao Zhang, Yongxing Xu, Hongyuan Guo, Xiaoying Wang, Shuai Zhang, Yan Chen, and Lianyong Li. Diagnosis using artificial intelligence based on the endocytoscopic observation of the gastrointestinal tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis. InPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0096.
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Review question / Objective: With the development of endoscopic techniques, several diagnostic endoscopy methods are available for the diagnosis of malignant lesions, including magnified pigmented endoscopy and narrow band imaging (NBI).The main goal of endoscopy is to achieve the real-time diagnostic evaluation of the tissue, allowing an accurate assessment comparable to histopathological diagnosis based on structural and cellular heterogeneity to significantly improve the diagnostic rate for cancerous tissues. Endocytoscopy (ECS) is based on ultrahigh magnification endoscopy and has been applied to endoscopy to achieve microscopic observation of gastrointestinal (GI) cells through tissue staining, thus allowing the differentiation of cancerous and noncancerous tissues in real time.To date, ECS observation has been applied to the diagnosis of oesophageal, gastric and colorectal tumours and has shown high sensitivity and specificity.Despite the highly accurate diagnostic capability of this method, the interpretation of the results is highly dependent on the operator's skill level, and it is difficult to train all endoscopists to master all methods quickly. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnostic systems have been widely recognized for their high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of GI tumours under general endoscopy. Few studies have explored on ECS for endoscopic tumour identification, and even fewer have explored ECS-based AI in the endoscopic identification of GI tumours, all of which have reached different conclusions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the value of ECS-based AI in detecting GI tumour to provide evidence for its clinical application.
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Newman-Toker, David E., Susan M. Peterson, Shervin Badihian, Ahmed Hassoon, Najlla Nassery, Donna Parizadeh, Lisa M. Wilson, et al. Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer258.
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Objectives. Diagnostic errors are a known patient safety concern across all clinical settings, including the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review to determine the most frequent diseases and clinical presentations associated with diagnostic errors (and resulting harms) in the ED, measure error and harm frequency, as well as assess causal factors. Methods. We searched PubMed®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), and Embase® from January 2000 through September 2021. We included research studies and targeted grey literature reporting diagnostic errors or misdiagnosis-related harms in EDs in the United States or other developed countries with ED care deemed comparable by a technical expert panel. We applied standard definitions for diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis-related harms (adverse events), and serious harms (permanent disability or death). Preventability was determined by original study authors or differences in harms across groups. Two reviewers independently screened search results for eligibility; serially extracted data regarding common diseases, error/harm rates, and causes/risk factors; and independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. We synthesized results for each question and extrapolated U.S. estimates. We present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) or plausible range (PR) bounds, as appropriate. Results. We identified 19,127 citations and included 279 studies. The top 15 clinical conditions associated with serious misdiagnosis-related harms (accounting for 68% [95% CI 66 to 71] of serious harms) were (1) stroke, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) aortic aneurysm and dissection, (4) spinal cord compression and injury, (5) venous thromboembolism, (6/7 – tie) meningitis and encephalitis, (6/7 – tie) sepsis, (8) lung cancer, (9) traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, (10) arterial thromboembolism, (11) spinal and intracranial abscess, (12) cardiac arrhythmia, (13) pneumonia, (14) gastrointestinal perforation and rupture, and (15) intestinal obstruction. Average disease-specific error rates ranged from 1.5 percent (myocardial infarction) to 56 percent (spinal abscess), with additional variation by clinical presentation (e.g., missed stroke average 17%, but 4% for weakness and 40% for dizziness/vertigo). There was also wide, superimposed variation by hospital (e.g., missed myocardial infarction 0% to 29% across hospitals within a single study). An estimated 5.7 percent (95% CI 4.4 to 7.1) of all ED visits had at least one diagnostic error. Estimated preventable adverse event rates were as follows: any harm severity (2.0%, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), any serious harms (0.3%, PR 0.1 to 0.7), and deaths (0.2%, PR 0.1 to 0.4). While most disease-specific error rates derived from mainly U.S.-based studies, overall error and harm rates were derived from three prospective studies conducted outside the United States (in Canada, Spain, and Switzerland, with combined n=1,758). If overall rates are generalizable to all U.S. ED visits (130 million, 95% CI 116 to 144), this would translate to 7.4 million (PR 5.1 to 10.2) ED diagnostic errors annually; 2.6 million (PR 1.1 to 5.2) diagnostic adverse events with preventable harms; and 371,000 (PR 142,000 to 909,000) serious misdiagnosis-related harms, including more than 100,000 permanent, high-severity disabilities and 250,000 deaths. Although errors were often multifactorial, 89 percent (95% CI 88 to 90) of diagnostic error malpractice claims involved failures of clinical decision-making or judgment, regardless of the underlying disease present. Key process failures were errors in diagnostic assessment, test ordering, and test interpretation. Most often these were attributed to inadequate knowledge, skills, or reasoning, particularly in “atypical” or otherwise subtle case presentations. Limitations included use of malpractice claims and incident reports for distribution of diseases leading to serious harms, reliance on a small number of non-U.S. studies for overall (disease-agnostic) diagnostic error and harm rates, and methodologic variability across studies in measuring disease-specific rates, determining preventability, and assessing causal factors. Conclusions. Although estimated ED error rates are low (and comparable to those found in other clinical settings), the number of patients potentially impacted is large. Not all diagnostic errors or harms are preventable, but wide variability in diagnostic error rates across diseases, symptoms, and hospitals suggests improvement is possible. With 130 million U.S. ED visits, estimated rates for diagnostic error (5.7%), misdiagnosis-related harms (2.0%), and serious misdiagnosis-related harms (0.3%) could translate to more than 7 million errors, 2.5 million harms, and 350,000 patients suffering potentially preventable permanent disability or death. Over two-thirds of serious harms are attributable to just 15 diseases and linked to cognitive errors, particularly in cases with “atypical” manifestations. Scalable solutions to enhance bedside diagnostic processes are needed, and these should target the most commonly misdiagnosed clinical presentations of key diseases causing serious harms. New studies should confirm overall rates are representative of current U.S.-based ED practice and focus on identified evidence gaps (errors among common diseases with lower-severity harms, pediatric ED errors and harms, dynamic systems factors such as overcrowding, and false positives). Policy changes to consider based on this review include: (1) standardizing measurement and research results reporting to maximize comparability of measures of diagnostic error and misdiagnosis-related harms; (2) creating a National Diagnostic Performance Dashboard to track performance; and (3) using multiple policy levers (e.g., research funding, public accountability, payment reforms) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of solutions to address this critically important patient safety concern.
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Seginer, Ido, Louis D. Albright, and Robert W. Langhans. On-line Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Greenhouse Environmental Control. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575271.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Early detection and identification of faulty greenhouse operation is essential, if losses are to be minimized by taking immediate corrective actions. Automatic detection and identification would also free the greenhouse manager to tend to his other business. Original objectives The general objective was to develop a method, or methods, for the detection, identification and accommodation of faults in the greenhouse. More specific objectives were as follows: 1. Develop accurate systems models, which will enable the detection of small deviations from normal behavior (of sensors, control, structure and crop). 2. Using these models, develop algorithms for an early detection of deviations from the normal. 3. Develop identifying procedures for the most important faults. 4. Develop accommodation procedures while awaiting a repair. The Technion team focused on the shoot environment and the Cornell University team focused on the root environment. Achievements Models: Accurate models were developed for both shoot and root environment in the greenhouse, utilizing neural networks, sometimes combined with robust physical models (hybrid models). Suitable adaptation methods were also successfully developed. The accuracy was sufficient to allow detection of frequently occurring sensor and equipment faults from common measurements. A large data base, covering a wide range of weather conditions, is required for best results. This data base can be created from in-situ routine measurements. Detection and isolation: A robust detection and isolation (formerly referred to as 'identification') method has been developed, which is capable of separating the effect of faults from model inaccuracies and disturbance effects. Sensor and equipment faults: Good detection capabilities have been demonstrated for sensor and equipment failures in both the shoot and root environment. Water stress detection: An excitation method of the shoot environment has been developed, which successfully detected water stress, as soon as the transpiration rate dropped from its normal level. Due to unavailability of suitable monitoring equipment for the root environment, crop faults could not be detected from measurements in the root zone. Dust: The effect of screen clogging by dust has been quantified. Implications Sensor and equipment fault detection and isolation is at a stage where it could be introduced into well equipped and maintained commercial greenhouses on a trial basis. Detection of crop problems requires further work. Dr. Peleg was primarily responsible for developing and implementing the innovative data analysis tools. The cooperation was particularly enhanced by Dr. Peleg's three summer sabbaticals at the ARS, Northem Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, in Sidney, Montana. Switching from multi-band to hyperspectral remote sensing technology during the last 2 years of the project was advantageous by expanding the scope of detected plant growth attributes e.g. Yield, Leaf Nitrate, Biomass and Sugar Content of sugar beets. However, it disrupted the continuity of the project which was originally planned on a 2 year crop rotation cycle of sugar beets and multiple crops (com and wheat), as commonly planted in eastern Montana. Consequently, at the end of the second year we submitted a continuation BARD proposal which was turned down for funding. This severely hampered our ability to validate our findings as originally planned in a 4-year crop rotation cycle. Thankfully, BARD consented to our request for a one year extension of the project without additional funding. This enabled us to develop most of the methodology for implementing and running the hyperspectral remote sensing system and develop the new analytical tools for solving the non-repeatability problem and analyzing the huge hyperspectral image cube datasets. However, without validation of these tools over a ful14-year crop rotation cycle this project shall remain essentially unfinished. Should the findings of this report prompt the BARD management to encourage us to resubmit our continuation research proposal, we shall be happy to do so.
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Wideman, Jr., Robert F., Nicholas B. Anthony, Avigdor Cahaner, Alan Shlosberg, Michel Bellaiche, and William B. Roush. Integrated Approach to Evaluating Inherited Predictors of Resistance to Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (Ascites) in Fast Growing Broiler Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575287.bard.
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Background PHS (pulmonary hypertension syndrome, ascites syndrome) is a serious cause of loss in the broiler industry, and is a prime example of an undesirable side effect of successful genetic development that may be deleteriously manifested by factors in the environment of growing broilers. Basically, continuous and pinpointed selection for rapid growth in broilers has led to higher oxygen demand and consequently to more frequent manifestation of an inherent potential cardiopulmonary incapability to sufficiently oxygenate the arterial blood. The multifaceted causes and modifiers of PHS make research into finding solutions to the syndrome a complex and multi threaded challenge. This research used several directions to better understand the development of PHS and to probe possible means of achieving a goal of monitoring and increasing resistance to the syndrome. Research Objectives (1) To evaluate the growth dynamics of individuals within breeding stocks and their correlation with individual susceptibility or resistance to PHS; (2) To compile data on diagnostic indices found in this work to be predictive for PHS, during exposure to experimental protocols known to trigger PHS; (3) To conduct detailed physiological evaluations of cardiopulmonary function in broilers; (4) To compile data on growth dynamics and other diagnostic indices in existing lines selected for susceptibility or resistance to PHS; (5) To integrate growth dynamics and other diagnostic data within appropriate statistical procedures to provide geneticists with predictive indices that characterize resistance or susceptibility to PHS. Revisions In the first year, the US team acquired the costly Peckode weigh platform / individual bird I.D. system that was to provide the continuous (several times each day), automated weighing of birds, for a comprehensive monitoring of growth dynamics. However, data generated were found to be inaccurate and irreproducible, so making its use implausible. Henceforth, weighing was manual, this highly labor intensive work precluding some of the original objectives of using such a strategy of growth dynamics in selection procedures involving thousands of birds. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements 1. Healthy broilers were found to have greater oscillations in growth velocity and acceleration than PHS susceptible birds. This proved the scientific validity of our original hypothesis that such differences occur. 2. Growth rate in the first week is higher in PHS-susceptible than in PHS-resistant chicks. Artificial neural network accurately distinguished differences between the two groups based on growth patterns in this period. 3. In the US, the unilateral pulmonary occlusion technique was used in collaboration with a major broiler breeding company to create a commercial broiler line that is highly resistant to PHS induced by fast growth and low ambient temperatures. 4. In Israel, lines were obtained by genetic selection on PHS mortality after cold exposure in a dam-line population comprising of 85 sire families. The wide range of PHS incidence per family (0-50%), high heritability (about 0.6), and the results in cold challenged progeny, suggested a highly effective and relatively easy means for selection for PHS resistance 5. The best minimally-invasive diagnostic indices for prediction of PHS resistance were found to be oximetry, hematocrit values, heart rate and electrocardiographic (ECG) lead II waves. Some differences in results were found between the US and Israeli teams, probably reflecting genetic differences in the broiler strains used in the two countries. For instance the US team found the S wave amplitude to predict PHS susceptibility well, whereas the Israeli team found the P wave amplitude to be a better valid predictor. 6. Comprehensive physiological studies further increased knowledge on the development of PHS cardiopulmonary characteristics of pre-ascitic birds, pulmonary arterial wedge pressures, hypotension/kidney response, pulmonary hemodynamic responses to vasoactive mediators were all examined in depth. Implications, scientific and agricultural Substantial progress has been made in understanding the genetic and environmental factors involved in PHS, and their interaction. The two teams each successfully developed different selection programs, by surgical means and by divergent selection under cold challenge. Monitoring of the progress and success of the programs was done be using the in-depth estimations that this research engendered on the reliability and value of non-invasive predictive parameters. These findings helped corroborate the validity of practical means to improve PHT resistance by research-based programs of selection.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.