Готові списки джерел за темами / Early colorectal Cancer

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Early colorectal Cancer"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Early colorectal Cancer"

1

Li, J. "The Experiences of Early Detection, Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment of Cancer in Rural Areas of China." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 49s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.60300.

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Background: The cancers of the lung, liver, stomach, esophagus, colorectum and nasopharynx account for more than 70% of the causes of cancer death, making them the major cancer burdens in China. The early detection and treatment of cancers including lung, liver, stomach, esophagus, colorectum and nasopharynx was supported by the central government special financial transfer payment in the rural areas in 2006-2017. Aim: To improve the efficiency of early diagnosis and early treatment to reduce cancer mortality and incidence in the population in China. Methods: Cancer screening methods developed by Group of Expert Committee of Cancer Foundation of China were used, including digestive tract endoscopy for stomach and esophageal and colorectal cancer, LDCT for lung cancer, AFP and abdominal ultrasound for liver cancer, EB virus antibody detection and nasal endoscopy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Results: Among the cancers of lung, liver, stomach, esophagus, colorectum and nasopharynx, the screening high risk population were 55,363; 126,443; 103,3036; 1,425,642; 252,911; and 79,726 respectively; and the screening detection rates of precancerous lesions and cancer were 0.62%, 0.66%, 0.87%, 1.62%, 5.29% and 0.49% respectively; and the early diagnosis rates were 47.80%, 60.86%, 71.24%, 73.38%, 91.85% and 64.43% respectively; and the treatment rates were 83.28%, 90.33%, 87.94%, 82.91%, 94.04% and 95.88% respectively. Conclusion: The programs for early detection and early treatment of colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer demonstrated a promising benefit, which should be generalized to broad population implementation.
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2

Hong, Seung Wook, and Jeong-Sik Byeon. "Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer." Intestinal Research 20, no. 3 (July 30, 2022): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00169.

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Early colorectal cancer refers to cancer in the colorectum that is confined to the mucosa or submucosa and does not invade the muscularis propria, irrespective of lymph node or distant metastasis. As the number of persons undergoing screening colonoscopy increases, the proportion of patients diagnosed with precancerous colorectal lesions and early colorectal cancer also increases. In the last decade, innovative optical technologies for endoscopic diagnosis have been introduced and endoscopic treatment techniques such as endoscopic submucosal dissection have provided major breakthroughs in the management of early colorectal cancer. With these remarkable developments, endoscopic treatment has established itself as an alternative to surgical resection in the treatment of early colorectal cancer. This review will discuss the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the unmet needs in this field and the latest research addressing those issues will be summarized.
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3

Smith, D., M. Ballal, R. Hodder, G. Soin, SN Selvachandran, and D. Cade. "Symptomatic Presentation of Early Colorectal Cancer." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 88, no. 2 (March 2006): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588406x94904.

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INTRODUCTION It is believed that increased detection of earlier stage colorectal cancer can only be achieved by screening asymptomatic individuals. We describe a referral pathway for a symptomatic population which achieves a 30% Dukes' A detection rate. PATIENTS AND METHODS From October 1999, 4253 patients with distal colonic symptoms, referred by general practitioners, completed a patient consultation questionnaire (PCQ) linked to a computerised record. A weighted numerical score (WNS) was derived for each patient. Patients underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy, a diagnostic outcome was recorded and later Dukes' stage appended. Early and advanced colorectal cancers were separated and PCQ derived symptom profiles compared. Chi-square, Fisher exact, Student's t-test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 183 patients had cancer, 55 (30%) were Dukes' A early colorectal cancers, 112 were advanced colorectal cancers (Dukes' B–D) and 16 could not be staged. Early colorectal cancers had significant symptoms and comparable profile to advanced colorectal cancers. The tendency in advanced colorectal cancers was towards greater symptom prevalence for only a few primary and systemic symptoms, as reflected by a higher WNS of 75 (P = 0.001) CONCLUSIONS Early colorectal cancers do have significant symptoms which can easily be captured by a PCQ and objective scoring tool in the secondary care setting. Detection of these cancers has the potential to improve survival.
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4

Decosse, Jerome J. "Early cancer detection colorectal cancer." Cancer 62, S1 (October 15, 1988): 1787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19881015)62:1+<1787::aid-cncr2820621317>3.0.co;2-i.

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5

Jeong, Mo Ah, and Hyoun Woo Kang. "Early-onset Colorectal Cancer." Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 74, no. 1 (2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2019.74.1.4.

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6

Nfonsam, Valentine, Emily Wusterbarth, Amanda Gong, and Priyanka Vij. "Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer." Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America 31, no. 2 (April 2022): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soc.2021.11.001.

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7

Blum, H. E. "Colorectal cancer: Future population screening for early colorectal cancer." European Journal of Cancer 31, no. 7-8 (July 1995): 1369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(95)00215-5.

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8

Wang, Ning, Yang Chen, Yuchen Han, Yue Zhao, Yu Liu, Kejian Guo, and Yi Jiang. "Proteomic analysis shows down-regulations of cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrases, CAI and CAII, are early events of colorectal carcinogenesis but are not correlated with lymph node metastasis." Tumori Journal 98, no. 6 (November 2012): 783–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089161209800617.

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Aim The aim of the study was to screen the markedly down-regulated proteins in colorectal cancer and analyze their relationship to carcinogenesis, cancer progression and pathological aspects. Methods Proteomic analysis was preformed on six fresh colorectal cancer tissues and paired normal colorectal mucosa by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Two markedly down-regulated proteins among the proteins, of which the expressions were significantly decreased in colorectal cancer compared to normal mucosa, were confirmed by Western Blot in 12 colorectal cancers. Their relationship to carcinogenesis, cancer progression and pathological aspects of colorectal cancer were analyzed in 64 colorectal cancer and paired normal mucosa, 27 benign polyps, and 20 lymph node metastases by immunohistochemistry. Results Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis analysis showed there were 2 protein spots, of which the average abundances decreased 3.62 and 3.76 fold in colorectal cancer compared to normal mucosa, respectively. They were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry as carbonic anhydrase I and II (CAI and CAII). Validation by Western Blot in 12 colorectal cancers showed there were significantly different expressions of CAI and CAII between colorectal cancer and normal mucosa (P = 0.002 and 0.027, respectively). Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated the expression of CAI and CAII was decreased from normal mucosa to benign polyps, and to colorectal cancer stepwise significantly (P <0.05). However, there were no differences in their expressions between lymph node metastasis and colorectal cancer (P >0.05). There were decreasing trends of CAI and CAII expressions from well to poor differentiation and from stage I or II to stage III or IV, but they were not statistically significant (P >0.05). Conclusions CAI and CAII are necessary enzymes of the colorectum for their normal function. Down-regulations of CAI and CAII are early events of colorectum carcinogenesis. They have no correlations with lymph node metastasis.
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9

O’Reilly, Mary, Anna Linehan, Aleksandar Krstic, Walter Kolch, Kieran Sheahan, Des C. Winter, and Ray Mc Dermott. "Oncotherapeutic Strategies in Early Onset Colorectal Cancer." Cancers 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15020552.

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Early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as colorectal cancers in patients aged less than 50 years, is becoming an increasingly common issue, globally. Since 1994, the incidence of this condition has been rising by 2% annually. Approximately one in five patients under 50 years of age diagnosed with colorectal cancer have an underlying genetic predisposition syndrome. The detection of cancer among the other 80% of patients poses a considerable task, as there is no family history to advocate for commencing early screening in this group. Patients with EOCRC have distinct social, spiritual, fertility, and financial needs from their older counterparts that need to be addressed. This review discusses the risk factors associated with the development of EOCRC and current best practice for the management of this disease.
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Kitamura, Kazuya, Satoki Nishida, Kazuhito Yamamoto, Daisuke Ichikawa, Kazuma Okamoto, Kiyoshi Sawai, Toshiharu Yamaguchi, and Toshio Takahashi. "Mp Colorectal Cancer Should Be Defined as Early Colorectal Cancer." Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 184, no. 4 (1998): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1620/tjem.184.285.

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Дисертації з теми "Early colorectal Cancer"

1

Olsson, Louise. "Early detection of colorectal cancer /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-841-6/.

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Bodle, Sarah J. "Adhesion Based Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1503486302129822.

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FADDA, ANTONIO. "Early detection of colorectal cancer: biomarker discovery." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/249571.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with about 1.2 million new cases diagnosed each year. CRC derived from the gradual accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic changes that transform the normal intestinal glandular epithelium into invasive cancer. While the genetic alterations are already used as prognostic and predictive markers, epigenetic alterations are currently the subject of intense research in the biomedical field because are considered as common and early molecular events in carcinogenesis that potentially could be used as molecular markers. The aims of this study were: to identify the alterations that characterize the CRC methylome; verify that these changes represent early events in the development of CRCs; explore the use of ultra-sensitive molecular techniques to track these alterations in biological matrices suitable for a non-invasive assessment (blood and stool); correlate the methylation alterations with the associated genes expression. The methylome analysis, conducted by Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip on CRC and adenoma samples, has allowed us to delineate both the CRC methylation profile and that associated with precancerous stages. The gene-set/pathway enrichment analysis conducted by Toppgene and based on case/control differential methylation analysis results of CRCs and adenomas, allowed the identification of pathways involved in CRC carcinogenesis. The contribution of these pathways had never been widely emphasized and discussed in the literature. A very important result, emerged from the comparison of the genes belonging to the most altered significant pathways both in CRCs and adenomas, has been the identification of methylation alterations of regions, known as CpG islands, since the earliest stages of precancerous lesion suggesting that the alteration of specific pathways can lead the tumorigenic process. The selection of these regions has allowed us to identify a panel of biomarkers that can discriminate, with high specificity and sensitivity, CRCs and adenomas from peritumoral / normal counterpart. This panel has been extensively validated in silico in over 600 samples. We also evaluated the gene expression associated with these regions; more than 70% of hypermethylated CpG islands correlated with a downregulation in tumor tissue. To evaluate the usefulness of these biomarkers as a potential tool for non-invasive early diagnosis of CRC in clinical practice, we tried to trace through the use of ultra-sensitive techniques (methyl_BEAMING), the hypermethylation of three selected biomarkers in DNA extract from blood and stool. The hypermethylation of these regions, due to the presence of tumoral DNA, has been traced with great sensitivity and specificity in both matrices confirming the usefulness of these regions as possible biomarkers for the early diagnosis and traceability of residual disease of CRC.
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4

Charnley, Richard Michael. "The early detection of recurrent and metastatic colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277384.

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5

Andersson, Martina. "Local, intestinal biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445701.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. The early stage of the disease is usually asymptomatic and therefore screening methods for colorectal cancer need to improve. There is a need for early detection of CRC as treatment is less effective in the advanced stage of the disease.  The current standard screening methods are endoscopy and fecal immunochemical blood tests. Endoscopy is a commonly used method to diagnose the patient, but it is costly, time consuming, and rather unpopular for the patients. An alternative could be to develop targeted molecular imaging probes that specifically deliver agents for example magnetic resonance imaging to colon adenomas and adenocarcinomas. This alternative would be non-invasive and able to detect the disease before morphological changes become evident. Biomarkers are used as an objective indicator of an altered biological process. Here, a literature study was conducted to identify protein biomarkers that are overexpressed in early stages of CRC. This study has focused on biomarkers that could be used to target imaging agents to cancerous lesions. Thus, the biomarkers need to be membrane-bound and expressed on the luminal side of the gastrointestinal tract. This will help future research to develop orally administered targeted imaging probes. Furthermore, a smaller literature search was conducted to identify cell and mouse models representing early stages of CRC. This was done to facilitate translational research going from in vitro to in vivo. Ideally the same protein is available in cell lines, mouse models and humans to enable translational research. This work has resulted in the selection of 7 different proteins that are upregulated during early stages of CRC. These proteins are potentially apically located and therefore possible targets for monoclonal antibodies. These findings might lead to a novel way for preventive patient screening and hopefully reduce the mortality for colorectal cancer.
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6

Hart, Andrew R. "The early detection of colorectal cancer and its prevention." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34100.

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Three cross-sectional surveys of acceptance of faecal occult blood testing for colorectal cancer screening, one survey of non-acceptors and one randomised controlled trial of an information leaflet were conducted. These were workplace based schemes in the private and public sectors and opportunistic screening using blood donors as a model. Simple educational leaflets explaining the high frequency of colorectal cancer and screening which addressed reasons for non-compliance were investigated. Subjects completed faecal occult blood tests at home and those with positive results underwent colonoscopy. Completion of tests in general practice in those aged 51 to 70 years was 33% (665/2029) in men and 42% (900/2147) in women. In private industry in subjects aged 41 to 65 years, compliance in men was 25% (425/1703) and in women 32% (40/125). In public industry in subjects aged 41 to 65 years compliance was 32% (53/165) in men and 46% (376/820) in women. With opportunistic screening at the blood donor centre compliance in those offered screening aged 51 to 65 years was 66% (75/114) in men and in women 59% (41/70). The health educational leaflets increased awareness of cancer and screening and raised intention to participate in a 100 subjects accompanying patients to hospital clinics. Reasons for non-compliance addressed in the leaflet, were identified from an interview survey of 81 non-compliers in Market Harborough. Common reasons were the unpleasantness of stool collection, lack of appreciation that healthy subjects should participate, fear of further tests and surgery and intercurrent illness. After piloting the leaflet it was tested in a randomised community controlled trial in general practice in subjects aged 61 to 70 years. The leaflet increased compliance in men from 25% (91/360) to 38% (143/381) (X2=12.9, p 0.001), but was ineffective in women (33%, 134/405, vs 34%, 145/425, X2=0.1,ns). Organisers of screening should consider opportunistic approaches and health education leaflets to increase participation. As compliance in this study was lower than in some other programmes, more work is needed to identify other reasons for non-compliance.
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Jones, Simon Keith. "Mathematical modelling for early detection and treatment of cancer." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241869.

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8

Sutton, Kate Marie. "Mutation detection in normal mucosa and early lesions of colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6410/.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a relatively poor prognosis when detected at a later stage, therefore understanding its development to allow prevention or early detection is key to improving outcomes. Bowel cancer screening allows for the detection of tumours and precursor lesions. Even earlier changes could potentially be detected; genetic aberrations within the normal bowel before phenotypic changes occur. Early lesions may develop independently throughout the bowel or through a cancer field effect. FAP adenomas are a useful model due to adenomas developing within the same environment and all incurring the same first “hit” within APC. Using next generation sequencing the genetic profiles of FAP adenomas can be compared to better understand the development of these lesions. Firstly the sensitivity of pyrosequencing and NGS was determined as was the value of PCR-based mutant enrichment techniques. Samples of carcinoma, adenoma and their associated normals alongside normal mucosa from patients with normal colonoscopies were tested for mutations in commonly mutated genes in CRC using NGS. Multiple FAP adenomas from four patients were also tested with this mutation panel. Alongside this, copy number analysis was performed. The mutational and copy number data was used to ascertain the pattern of adenoma development throughout the bowel. Mutations were detected in carcinoma associated normal in APC, KRAS, CTNNB1 and SMAD4. The KRAS mutations in carcinoma associated normal differed to the KRAS mutation in the matched tumour. No mutations were detected in oncogenes in adenoma associated normal or normal mucosa from patients with normal colonoscopies. Studying mutations and copy number aberrations in FAP adenomas revealed that some adenomas shared specific lesions, indicating that they were clonally related. These results have confirmed previously findings of KRAS mutations in carcinoma associated normal mucosa as well as describing mutations in APC, CTNNB1 and SMAD4. This combined with the large amount of similarity in terms of mutations and copy number seen in adenomas from the same patient provides evidence for the cancer field theory.
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9

Turner, Shirley. "Health protective behavior and the elderly: Hemoccult testing for early colorectal cancer detection." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291436.

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Colorectal cancer is second only to lung cancer as a leading cause of internal cancer death. Individuals over 65 years of age are most at risk yet least likely to engage in screening for colorectal cancer. The purpose of this descriptive-correlational study using a modified Pender Health Promotion Model was to identify motivations of elderly individuals to engage in health protective behavior. A convenience sample of 90 subjects answered a four-part motivations questionnaire in which three subscales--early detection, powerful others, and chance--met reliability standards (alpha >.70). Chance was significantly related to compliance (r = -.28; p =.003); Hemoccult compliers believed less in chance and powerful others than did non-compliers (p =.005;.002). The 88 percent who performed a Hemoccult stool test as a screening method for early detection of colorectal cancer demonstrated that these elders willingly engaged in health protective behavior and supported the nurses' role in promoting primary prevention in elderly clients.
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10

Hammoudi, Abeer T. "Proteomic dissection of the early genetic changes in a colorectal cancer model." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569126.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the UK and Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) mutations are the most common genetic abnormality encountered in the sporadic form of this disease. In this study, we have used an Apc fl/fl/ mouse model which has a conditionally regulated Apc gene in the intestinal epithelium. Our hypothesis was that analysis of the changes in protein expression which occur in the intestinal epithelial cells of adult mice following Apc deletion would provide insights into signalling pathways which are also involved in early human colorectal carcinogenesis. The aims of this study were to use proteomic analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the early stages of CRC and to identify key proteins or processes involved in early colorectal carcinogenesis. iTRAQ-QSTAR proteomic analysis of intestinal epithelial extracts from Apc+/+ and Apc f//f/ mice identified 125 proteins which were differentially expressed, 50 being upregulated and 75 downregulated. We focused our efforts on the upregulated proteins as the detection of a positive signal is better for a biomarker. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified 19 proteins that could be detected in serum/blood, of which 13 were selected for further validation based on review of the literature. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and qRT-PCR identified 7 of these proteins as potential serum biomarkers of colorectal carcinogenesis. Integration of our iTRAQ data with a previous cDNA microarray performed using this mouse model identified c-Myc-dependent proteins. These included the 7 proteins identified in earlier studies and 4 additional proteins that might also play roles in colon carcinogenesis. The resulting 11 potential biomarkers were HMGB1, NCL, KRT18, RPL6, DDX5, PHB, SFRS2, FABP6, NAP1 L 1, NPM-1 and CBX3. These were further validated using another transgenic mouse model with the conditional regulation of both Apc and c-Myc genes (ApcfllfiMycfllfi), for which another iTRAQ (8- plex) analysis was performed. Confirmation studies were then carried out using the ApcMin/+ mouse model which shows more resemblance to human CRC. qRT-PCR studies comparing colonic polyp tissue samples from 6 month old ApcMin/+ mice and colonic tissue samples from their Apc+/+ wild-type counterparts showed increased expression of our candidate biomarkers in polyp tissue. For one of our candidates, HMGB1, a commercial ELlSA kit was then used to assess its serum concentration in various mouse models. This showed a statistically significant increase in serum HMGB1 concentration in Apc fl/fl mice compared to Apc+/+ mice. At 6 months of age, serum HMGB1 concentration was shown to be 1.69 fold higher in ApcMin/+ than in Apc+/+ mice. Our candidate biomarkers have also subsequently been validated using human serum and colonic tissue samples. The proteomic analysis of samples from mouse models with aberrant Apc expression has therefore generated a series of candidate biomarkers which have been demonstrated to be transferable to human CRC, thus validating our overall approach.
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Книги з теми "Early colorectal Cancer"

1

Colorectal cancer. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier, 2010.

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2

Kudō, Shin'ei. Early colorectal cancer: Detection of depressed types colorectal carcinomas. Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin, 1996.

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3

Early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK, 2009.

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4

P, Rozen, ed. Colorectal cancer in clinical practice: Prevention, early detection and management. 2nd ed. London: Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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5

P, Rozen, ed. Colorectal cancer in primary care prevention, early detection and treatment and management. London: Martin Dunitz, 2002.

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6

Kjetil, Søreide, and Søiland Håvard, eds. Clinical, genetic, and molecular precursor features in colorectal neoplasia. New York: Nova Science, 2008.

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7

D, Hardcastle J., Association of National European and Mediterranean Societees of Gastroenterology., and International Gastroenterology Congress (12th : 1984 : Lisbon, Portugal), eds. Haemoccult screening for the early detection of colorectal cancer: A workshop held at the XII. International Gastroenterology Congress (A.S.N.E.M.G.E.), Lisboa, Portugal, September 16.-22., 1984. Stuttgart: Schattauer, 1986.

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8

United States. Congress. House. A bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to extend for 6 months the eligibility period for the "Welcome to Medicare" physical examination and to eliminate coinsurance for screening mammography and colorectal cancer screening tests in order to promote the early detection of cancer. [Washington, D.C.?]: [United States Government Printing Office], 2007.

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9

Marcet, Jorge E. Colorectal Cancer Screening : Early Detection. Health Information Network, 1996.

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10

Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, Gareth Morris-Stiff, and Amen Sibtain. Colorectal cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0015_update_001.

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Breast cancer reviews the epidemiology and aetiology of this malignancy, with particular attention to the genetics underlying familial breast cancer, its pathology along with its receptors, oestrogen receptor (ER), the growth factor receptor HER2, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the bearing these have on treatment and prognosis. The benefits of breast cancer screening in the population and families at higher risk are discussed. Presenting symptoms and signs are followed by investigation including examination, bilateral mammography, and core biopsy of suspicious lesions. Management of non-invasive in situ disease is considered. Invasive breast cancer is staged according to TNM guidelines. Early breast cancer is defined, managed frequently by breast conserving surgery and sentinel node biopsy from the axilla. A positive sentinel node biopsy requires clearance of the axilla. Larger lesions may require mastectomy. Breast radiotherapy is indicated after breast conserving surgery. Following surgery, the risk of systemic micrometastatic disease is estimated from the primary size, lymph node spread, and tumour grade. Adjuvant chemotherapy improves treatment outcome in all but very good prognosis premenopausal breast cancer, and intermediate or poor prognosis postmenopausal breast cancer. This is combined with trastuzumab in HER2 positive disease. Adjuvant endocrine therapy is recommended for all ER positive breast cancer, tamoxifen in premenopausal, aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal women. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be used in large operable breast cancers to facilitate breast conserving surgery. Locally advanced breast cancer is defined, its high risk of metastatic disease requiring full staging before treatment. Systemic therapy is often best first treatment, according to receptor profile. Metastatic breast cancer although incurable can be controlled for years using endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, trastuzumab, palliative radiotherapy, and bisphosphonates as appropriate. Male breast cancer is uncommon, but management similar.
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Частини книг з теми "Early colorectal Cancer"

1

Han, Kyung Su. "Early Colorectal Cancer." In Practice and Principles in Therapeutic Colonoscopy, 41–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46552-3_4.

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Sterlacci, William, and Michael Vieth. "Early Colorectal Cancer." In Multidisciplinary Treatment of Colorectal Cancer, 263–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58846-5_28.

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Langner, Cord, and Michael Vieth. "Early Colorectal Cancer." In Multidisciplinary Treatment of Colorectal Cancer, 211–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06142-9_21.

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Posner, Mitchell C., and Glenn D. Steele. "Conservative Management of Early-Stage Rectal Cancer." In Colorectal Cancer, 357–73. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-160-2_19.

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Pinkney, Thomas D., and Simon P. Bach. "Neoadjuvant Therapy Without Surgery for Early Stage Rectal Cancer?" In Colorectal Cancer, 126–49. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118337929.ch7.

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Hill, Jim. "Early Colorectal Cancer Management." In Contemporary Coloproctology, 139–52. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-889-8_11.

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Sahai, Vaibhav, and Al B. Benson. "Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer." In Cancer Consult: Expertise for Clinical Practice, 567–72. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118589199.ch87.

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Hurlstone, Paul, S. Brown, and Wal Baraza. "Endoscopic Resection of Early Colorectal Tumors: Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques." In Colorectal Cancer, 155–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9545-0_10.

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Schmidt-Gayk, H. "Immunoassay for Fecal Occult Blood and Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer." In Colorectal Cancer, 333–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85930-4_23.

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Hompes, Roel, and Christopher Cunningham. "Low-Risk Early Rectal Cancer." In Multidisciplinary Treatment of Colorectal Cancer, 47–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06142-9_5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Early colorectal Cancer"

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Betel, Doron, Heather Yeo, Rhonda Yantiss, Xi E. Zheng, Jonathan S. Abelson, and Manish A. Shah. "Abstract 274: Early-onset colorectal cancer is distinct from traditional colorectal cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-274.

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Gögenur, Mikail, Mustafa Bulut, Senior Resident, Lukas Balsevicius, Anne-Marie Kanstrup Fiehn, Marianne Bøgevang Jensen, Nesibe Özgur Colak, et al. "551 Intratumoral influenza vaccine in early colorectal cancer." In SITC 37th Annual Meeting (SITC 2022) Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2022-sitc2022.0551.

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Fu, S., C. T. Chia, C. L. Tang, C. H. Diong, and C. Seow. "Changes in in-vivo autofluorescence spectra at different periods in rat colorectal tumor progression." In European Conference on Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecbo.2001.4432_118.

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The study focuses on the Laser-Induced Autofluorescence (LIAF) diagnosis technique for identifying early tumor tissue. 442nm light from a Helium-Cadmium Laser is excited to investigate the spectra of the in vivo normal and tumor rat colorectal tissues. The experiment results show that the LIAF spectra of the normal and tumor colorectal tissues exhibit the significant differences. The results are potentially useful for the development of a clinical study for early colorectal cancer diagnosis.
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Sabino, Alan U., Adriana V. Safatle-Ribeiro, Fauze Maluf-Filho, and Alexandre F. Ramos. "Motiro: a unified automatic framework for statistical analysis of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy videos of colorectal mucosa." In Escola Regional de Computação Aplicada à Saúde. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/ercas.2021.17432.

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Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicrocopy (pCLE) enables imaging the colorectal mucosa for screening and surveillance of cancer. Analyzing acquired videos relies on subjectivity of the endomicroscopists. Quantitative criteria are needed to enhance the diagnostics obtained using pCLE. We present Motiro, an automatic framework to extract features of the colorectal mucosa imaged by pCLE. Morphometric features of the crypts of the healthy colorectal mucosa are analysed and their variability quantified using the Shannon entropy. Hellinger distance compares the statistics of a morphometric parameter in multiple mucosas (or mucosas&apos; regions). Quantification of variability of the healthy mucosa is a prerequisite for pCLE-based early diagnostics of colorectal cancer.
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Xicola, Rosa, Zarko Manojlovic, Gaius Augustus, Sonia Kupfer, Rajyasree Emmadi, Victoria Alagiozian-Angelova, Tim Triche, et al. "Abstract IA26: Mechanistic differences in early-onset colorectal cancer." In Abstracts: Eleventh AACR Conference on The Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; November 2-5, 2018; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-ia26.

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Riggins, Karen, Benjamin Musher, Michael Scheurer, Li Yang, Patricia Castro, Neda Zarrin-Khameh, and Lanlan Shen. "Abstract 1251: Epigenetics in early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC)." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-1251.

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Li, Zitong, Xiaobin Zheng, Katelin B. Nickel, Hanyu Chen, Andrew Tipping, Long H. Nguyen, Andrew T. Chan, et al. "Abstract 2351: Diabetes and risk of early-onset colorectal cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-2351.

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MacInnis, Robert J., Mark A. Jenkins, John L. Hopper, and Lisa A. Cannon-Albright. "Abstract B06: Utah familial colorectal cancer risk model." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Improving Cancer Risk Prediction for Prevention and Early Detection; November 16-19, 2016; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.carisk16-b06.

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MacInnis, Robert J., Mark A. Jenkins, John L. Hopper, and Lisa A. Cannon-Albright. "Abstract PR11: Utah familial colorectal cancer risk model." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Improving Cancer Risk Prediction for Prevention and Early Detection; November 16-19, 2016; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.carisk16-pr11.

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Hunleth, Jean M., Nancy Mueller, and Aimee James. "Abstract A93: Contextualizing early detection: Lessons from lay definitions of colorectal cancer early detection." In Abstracts: Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Oct 27–30, 2012; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.disp12-a93.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Early colorectal Cancer"

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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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