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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Dune"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 30 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Dune"

1

van Puijenbroek, Marinka E. B., Corjan Nolet, Alma V. de Groot, Juha M. Suomalainen, Michel J. P. M. Riksen, Frank Berendse, and Juul Limpens. "Exploring the contributions of vegetation and dune size to early dune development using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging." Biogeosciences 14, no. 23 (December 7, 2017): 5533–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5533-2017.

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Abstract. Dune development along highly dynamic land–sea boundaries is the result of interaction between vegetation and dune size with sedimentation and erosion processes. Disentangling the contribution of vegetation characteristics from that of dune size would improve predictions of nebkha dune development under a changing climate, but has proven difficult due to the scarcity of spatially continuous monitoring data. This study explored the contributions of vegetation and dune size to dune development for locations differing in shelter from the sea. We monitored a natural nebkha dune field of 8 ha, along the coast of the island Texel, the Netherlands, for 1 year using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with camera. After constructing a digital surface model and orthomosaic we derived for each dune (1) vegetation characteristics (species composition, vegetation density, and maximum vegetation height), (2) dune size (dune volume, area, and maximum height), (3) degree of shelter (proximity to other nebkha dunes and the sheltering by the foredune). Changes in dune volume over summer and winter were related to vegetation, dune size and degree of shelter. We found that a positive change in dune volume (dune growth) was linearly related to initial dune volume over summer but not over winter. Big dunes accumulated more sand than small dunes due to their larger surface area. Exposed dunes increased more in volume (0.81 % per dune per week) than sheltered dunes (0.2 % per dune per week) over summer, while the opposite occurred over winter. Vegetation characteristics did not significantly affect dune growth in summer, but did significantly affect dune growth in winter. Over winter, dunes dominated by Ammophila arenaria, a grass species with high vegetation density throughout the year, increased more in volume than dunes dominated by Elytrigia juncea, a grass species with lower vegetation density (0.43 vs. 0.42 (m3 m−3) week−1). The effect of species was irrespective of dune size or distance to the sea. Our results show that dune growth in summer is mainly determined by dune size, whereas in winter dune growth was determined by vegetation type. In our study area the growth of exposed dunes was likely restricted by storm erosion, whereas growth of sheltered dunes was restricted by sand supply. Our results can be used to improve models predicting coastal dune development.
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2

Itzkin, Michael, Laura J. Moore, Peter Ruggiero, Sally D. Hacker, and Reuben G. Biel. "The relative influence of dune aspect ratio and beach width on dune erosion as a function of storm duration and surge level." Earth Surface Dynamics 9, no. 5 (September 13, 2021): 1223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1223-2021.

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Abstract. Dune height is an important predictor of impact during a storm event given that taller dunes have a lower likelihood of being overtopped than shorter dunes. However, the temporal dominance of the wave collision regime, wherein volume loss (erosion) from the dune occurs through dune retreat without overtopping, suggests that dune width must also be considered when evaluating the vulnerability of dunes to erosion. We use XBeach, a numerical model that simulates hydrodynamic processes, sediment transport, and morphologic change, to analyze storm-induced dune erosion as a function of dune aspect ratio (i.e., dune height versus dune width) for storms of varying intensity and duration. We find that low aspect ratio (low and wide) dunes lose less volume than high aspect ratio (tall and narrow) dunes during longer and more intense storms when the beach width is controlled for. In managed dune scenarios, where sand fences are used to construct a “fenced” dune seaward of the existing “natural” dune, we find that fenced dunes effectively prevent the natural dune behind them from experiencing any volume loss until the fenced dune is sufficiently eroded, reducing the magnitude of erosion of the natural dune by up to 50 %. We then control for dune morphology to assess volume loss as a function of beach width and confirm that beach width exerts a significant influence on dune erosion; a wide beach offers the greatest protection from erosion in all circumstances while the width of the dune determines how long the dune will last under persistent scarping. These findings suggest that efforts to maintain a wide beach may be effective at protecting coastal communities from dune loss. However, a trade-off may exist in maintaining wide beaches and dunes in that the protection offered in the short-term must be considered in concert with potentially long-term detrimental effects of limiting overwash, a process which is critical to maintaining island elevation as sea level rises.
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LEE, JAE HWAN, A. O. SOUSA, E. J. R. PARTELI, and H. J. HERRMANN. "MODELLING FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF TRANSVERSE DUNE FIELDS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 16, no. 12 (December 2005): 1879–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183105008400.

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Анотація:
We model formation and evolution of transverse dune fields. In the model, only the cross section of the dune is simulated. The only physical variable of relevance is the dune height, from which the dune width and velocity are determined, as well as phenomenological rules for interaction between two dunes of different heights. We find that dune fields with no sand on the ground between dunes are unstable, i.e., small dunes leave the higher ones behind. We then introduce a saturation length to simulate transverse dunes on a sand bed and show that this leads to stable dune fields with regular spacing and dune heights. Finally, we show that our model can be used to simulate coastal dune fields if a constant sand influx is considered, where the dune height increases with the distance from the beach, reaching a constant value.
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Hovenga, Paige, Peter Ruggiero, Nick Cohn, Sally Hacker, Katya Jay, Laura Moore, and Michael Itzkin. "POST-STORM DUNE RECOVERY IN CAPE LOOKOUT NATIONAL SEASHORE, NC." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.40.

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Анотація:
Coastal dunes are often the first and primary form of defense against destructive surge and waves that accompany extreme storm events. Beach grasses are known to affect dune height, width, and stability, contributing to the dune’s ability to protect the hinterland from wave and flooding hazards (Hacker et al. 2012). However, the interaction and feedbacks between dune development and properties of beach grasses (e.g., species, density) is not fully understood. In particular, our knowledge of the ecomorphodynamic processes controlling the recovery of coastal dunes following storms and the long-term ability of dunes to adapt to changes in climate remains inadequate. The objective of this interdisciplinary research is to characterize the temporal and spatial variability of coastal foredune recovery following major storm events and the subsequent impact of this recovery on future vulnerability. The study region consists of three low-lying barrier islands within the Cape Lookout National Seashore (CALO) along the central coast of North Carolina. The 90 km stretch of coast exhibits spatial variability in dominant dune grass species, grass cover density, coast orientation, beach slope, and wave energy. Using physical and ecological field datasets and process-based numerical modeling, post-storm dune recovery is assessed following Hurricane Matthew (2016).
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5

Almutlaq, Fahad, and Kevin Mulligan. "Using Texture Statistics to Identify and Map Different Dune Types within the Rub’ al Khali." Remote Sensing 15, no. 19 (September 22, 2023): 4653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15194653.

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Understanding the movement, direction, and shape of sand dunes can contribute to reducing their impact on infrastructure and the environment. The Rub’ al Khali desert has a distribution of dune types. This study aims to identify and map the different types of dunes within the Rub’ al Khali using a texture analysis method based on a digital elevation model (DEM). Statistical texture analysis methods (variance, skewness, and kurtosis) show three different textures of sand dune shapes, according to the geography of the dunes, using data contained in global DEMs. The analysis presented in this study focused on the use of DEMs to investigate the varied dune morphology within the Rub’ al Khali. The GMTED2010 and EarthEnv_DEM90 digital elevation models were compared. Spatial variability in dune height, spatial variability in dune texture, and profile graphs were created to examine dune surfaces in cross-section. The results provided six different dune types within the sand sea: giant compound linear dunes, simple linear dunes, simple transverse dunes, compound crescentic dunes (megabarchans), huge star dunes, and many transitional forms that defy classification. The results showed that the compound linear dune and simple linear dune were the dominant dune types, covering 41.61% and 31.7% of the total study area, respectively. The maps of variance, using either 10 × 10 and 30 × 30 focal blocks, produced a fairly sharp distinction in dune texture. It is hoped that future research in aeolian geomorphology will greatly benefit from these results, which could easily be expanded with the use of more sophisticated pattern recognition software, which clearly shows the value of using such an approach.
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6

Durán, O., V. Schwämmle, P. G. Lind, and H. J. Herrmann. "Size distribution and structure of Barchan dune fields." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 18, no. 4 (July 13, 2011): 455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-455-2011.

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Abstract. Barchans are isolated mobile dunes often organized in large dune fields. Dune fields seem to present a characteristic dune size and spacing, which suggests a cooperative behavior based on dune interaction. In Duran et al. (2009), we propose that the redistribution of sand by collisions between dunes is a key element for the stability and size selection of barchan dune fields. This approach was based on a mean-field model ignoring the spatial distribution of dune fields. Here, we present a simplified dune field model that includes the spatial evolution of individual dunes as well as their interaction through sand exchange and binary collisions. As a result, the dune field evolves towards a steady state that depends on the boundary conditions. Comparing our results with measurements of Moroccan dune fields, we find that the simulated fields have the same dune size distribution as in real fields but fail to reproduce their homogeneity along the wind direction.
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7

Husemann, Paul, Frederico Romão, Márcia Lima, Susana Costas, and Carlos Coelho. "Review of the Quantification of Aeolian Sediment Transport in Coastal Areas." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 5 (April 30, 2024): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050755.

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Анотація:
Coastal dunes, formed and shaped by aeolian sediment transport, play a crucial role in ecosystem services and act as natural flood and coastal erosion defenses. This paper delves into theoretical equations and numerical models predicting sediment transport. Numerical models like cellular automata, XBeach-DUNA, the coastal dune model, and others are analyzed for their ability to simulate dune morphology, erosion processes, and vegetation impacts accurately. Evaluated are field observation and measurement techniques, such as sand traps, impact sensors, and optical sensors, for their precision in quantifying aeolian dynamics. Further examined is the effectiveness of vegetation and fencing in dune stabilization, noting species-specific responses and the influence of fence design on sediment accumulation. These tools offer insights into optimizing aeolian sediment management for coastal protection. By conducting a systematic review and connecting theoretical, empirical, and modeling findings, this study highlights the complex challenge of measuring and managing aeolian sediment transport and proposes integrated strategies for enhancing coastal dune resilience against the backdrop of climate change and erosion. This study’s objectives to bridge gaps in current understanding are met, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach to coastal dune management and conservation, especially combining wind- and wave-driven processes.
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He, Nan, Yuanwei Lin, Yang Zhang, and Bin Yang. "Approximate uniformity of the size distribution in the crescent-shaped dune swarm: A downsized experimental reinvestigation." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083088.

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Анотація:
Crescent-shaped dunes, or barchans, usually move in swarms in nature, where their sizes become closer to each other while migrating downstream collectively. A major cause of such a phenomenon is the collision among the dunes. Therefore, it is of importance to elucidate the pattern of the local dune interaction process, i.e., the double-dune collision. In this study, based on a downsized water tunnel experiment that adopts two colors of sand samples, the double-dune collision pattern is parameterized, which is investigated as a function of the initial mass ratio of the two dunes. The results depict from a distinctive perspective that the double-dune collision is essential in realizing the uniformity of the size distribution in a dune swarm. The proposed concepts could aid in the development of a comprehensive parameterization for the double-dune collision system.
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Bird, Tania Leah Fairfax, Amos Bouskila, Elli Groner, and Pua Bar Kutiel. "Can Vegetation Removal Successfully Restore Coastal Dune Biodiversity?" Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (March 28, 2020): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072310.

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Анотація:
Coastal dune habitats have been declining globally over the last several decades due to rapid urbanization. Within remaining dune systems, dune fixation has resulted in further losses of mobile dunes with negative impacts on their associated species. Some studies suggest vegetation removal can initially promote habitat heterogeneity, and increase availability of suitable habitats for psammophile, xeric and endemic mobile dune species, but longer-term responses are generally unknown. We investigated the temporal trends of four taxonomic groups to determine the effect of vegetation removal on dune assemblages over a 12-year period at an LTER site. Three different forms of removal are investigated here—removal in a grid form on fixed dunes, removal of the wind-facing slope vegetation on semi-fixed dunes and opportunistic off-road driving on disturbed dunes. Results were varied across taxa, highlighting the need for multi-taxa monitoring in conservation and restoration management. Overall, fixed dune treatment had very little effect, while a stronger response was found in semi-fixed treatments in particular for mobile dune indicator species, which showed evidence of recolonization within a few years following treatment. Disturbed dunes were most similar to mobile dunes for animal taxa indicating that pulse removal may not be as effective as continuous press disturbance. Nevertheless, a less destructive form of disturbance such as re-introduction of grazing might be preferable and requires further investigation.
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Gralher, Christine, Nobuhisa Kobayashi, and Kideok Do. "WAVE OVERWASH OF VEGETATED DUNES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 15, 2012): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.34.

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Sand dunes play a significant role during coastal storms by absorbing the impacts of storm surge and high waves. Therefore, rapid profile changes and destruction of sand dunes, which may be caused by wave-induced overwash, lead to an increased flood risk landward of dunes. The effects of vegetation on dune erosion and overwash during storm events, however, have never been studied. This study is based on a laboratory experiment investigating the effects of woody plants on dune erosion and overwash of high and low dunes. During the five tests conducted foredune scarping was observed for the three high dune tests but did not occur for the two low dune tests. A narrow vegetation placed on the steep backdune of the high dune did not reduce wave overtopping and sand overwash. However, the wide vegetation figuration, which covered the backdune and foredune, reduced foredune scarping, prevented wave overtopping initially and reduced sand overwash after the initiation of wave overtopping for the high dune. It also slowed down the erosion process of the low dune significantly by retarding wave uprush and reducing wave overtopping and overwash.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Dune"

1

Durán, Orencio. "Vegetated dunes and barchan dune fields." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-29639.

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2

Kiki, Sandoungout Serge Nahed. "Caractérisation de la morphologie des dunes dans des écoulements unidirectionnels et alternatifs." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0045/document.

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Cette thèse traite de la forme et de la mobilité des dunes dans l’eau sous un écoulement turbulent. L’état d’équilibre des dunes en régime stationnaire puis le retour à l’équilibre après un changement de sens de l’écoulement sont caractérisés. On examine la variation des paramètres de forme (hauteur, longueur, rapport d’aspect) et de la vitesse de migration des dunes en fonction de la masse du sédiment m0 et de la vitesse de l’écoulement. Cette étude est menée expérimentalement dans un chenal fermé et étroit et les résultats sont comparés aux prédictions d'un modèle de dunes 2D tenant compte du processus de relaxation du transport. À l’équilibre, ce modèle prédit suivant la masse de la dune un régime « petite dune » et un régime « grande dune » où la hauteur est proportionnelle respectivement à m0 et à √m0. Un régime de transition où la hauteur est fonction de m0 à une puissance comprise entre 0,5 et 1 les sépare. Ces régimes sont identiques à ceux prédits par le modèle de Kroy et al. (2002) pour les barkhanes éoliennes. Expérimentalement, seuls les régimes de transition et « grande dune » sont observés. Cet accord permet d’évaluer la longueur de saturation du transport. Le résultat obtenu est cohérent avec la longueur de dépôt proposée par Lajeunesse et al. (2010). Pour le retour à l’état d’équilibre suite au changement du sens de l’écoulement, deux scénarios transitoires sont observés. Le premier est une contraction suivie d’une élongation de la dune. Le second présente une contraction supplémentaire liée à une élongation de la dune au-delà de sa longueur d'équilibre initiale. Dans ces deux cas, le temps de retour à l’équilibre n’est pas proportionnel à la masse de la dune
This thesis deals with the morphodynamics of subaqueous dunes under a turbulent flow. The equilibrium State of the dunes under stationary flow, and then the return to equilibrium state after a change in the flow direction are characterized. The variation of the shape parameters (height, length, aspect ratio) and the migration speed of dunes are examined as a function of the mass m0 of sediment and the flow rate. This study is conducted experimentally into a narrow, closed flume and the results are compared to predictions of a 2D dune model that takes into account the transport relaxation process. For steady dunes, this model predicts a "small dune" and a "large dune" régime where the dune height respectively increases as m0 and √m0. These regimes are separated by a transitional régime where the dune height is proportional to m0 with an exponent ranging from 0.5 to 1. These régimes are identical to those predicted by the model of Kroy et al. (2002) for æolian barchans.Experimentally, the steady dunes range from the “transition” to the "large dune" régime as the mass increases. This agreement allows to assess the saturation length of the transport. The result is consistent with the deposition length proposed by Lajeunesse et al. (2010). Concerning the return to the steady-state shape after changing in the flow direction, two transient scenarios are identified. The first one is a contraction followed by an elongation of the dune shape. In the second one, there is an additional contraction phase associated with an elongation of the dune beyond its initial equilibrium length. For either scenarios, the return-to equilibrium time is not proportional to the mass of the dune
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3

Diniega, Serina. "Modeling Aeolian Dune and Dune Field Evolution." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195665.

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sand hops and bounces -see the dunes grow, run, collide -form the field's pattern.Aeolian sand dune morphologies and sizes are strongly connected to the environmental context and physical processes active since dune formation. As such, the patterns and measurable features found within dunes and dune fields can be interpreted as records of environmental conditions. Using mathematical models of dune and dune field evolution, it should be possible to quantitatively predict dune field dynamics from current conditions or to determine past field conditions based on present-day observations.In this dissertation, we focus on the construction and quantitative analysis of a continuum dune evolution model. We then apply this model towards interpretation of the formative history of terrestrial and martian dunes and dune fields. Our first aim is to identify the controls for the characteristic lengthscales seen in patterned dune fields. Variations in sand flux, binary dune interactions, and topography are evaluated with respect to evolution of individual dunes. Through the use of both quantitative and qualitative multiscale models, these results are then extended to determine the role such processes may play in (de)stabilization of the dune field. We find that sand flux variations and topography generally destabilize dune fields, while dune collisions can yield more similarly-sized dunes. We construct and apply a phenomenological macroscale dune evolution model to then quantitatively demonstrate how dune collisions cause a dune field to evolve into a set of uniformly-sized dunes. Our second goal is to investigate the influence of reversing winds and polar processes in relation to dune slope and morphology. Using numerical experiments, we investigate possible causes of distinctive morphologies seen in Antarctic and martian polar dunes. Finally, we discuss possible model extensions and needed observations that will enable the inclusion of more realistic physical environments in the dune and dune field evolution models.By elucidating the qualitative and quantitative connections between environmental conditions, physical processes, and resultant dune and dune field morphologies, this research furthers our ability to interpret spacecraft images of dune fields, and to use present-day observations to improve our understanding of past terrestrial and martian environments.
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4

Ripley, Bradford Sherman. "The ecophysiology of selected coastal dune pioneer plants of the Eastern Cape." Connect to this title online, 2001. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/18/.

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5

Avis, Anthony Mark. "Coastal dune ecology and management in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003753.

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Анотація:
The importance of understanding the ecological functioning of coastal dune systems is emphasized as being fundamental to the correct management of the dune landscape. Dune vegetation along the Eastern Cape coastline, from Cape St Francis in the west to Kei Mouth in the east was described in terms of the distribution and phytochorological affinities of the taxa. At a regional scale species distribution was strongly influenced by both the climate, particularly rainfall, and the phytochorological affinities of the taxa. Seven communities were defined using TWINSPAN, and the interrelationships between these communities in anyone area appeared to be linked to a successional gradient. Dune Slacks are thought to play a key role in this successional sequence, and a temporal study of this community led to a conceptual model of plant succession in these dunefields. Climate, particularly rainfall and wind, are major factors influencing plant succession. Wind-borne sand causes the slacks to migrate in an easterly direction under the influence of the predominantly westerly winds, although easterly winds, mainly in summer months may reverse these trends. Autogenic changes appeared to be important in this succession, and a comparative study of a good example of a primary succession at Mtunzini in Natal was undertaken to elucidate the main mechanism of change. Eight communities that were identified here were concluded to be distnbuted along a gradient of increasing age, with successional changes predictable, linear and directional. Species were grouped in distinct zones along the continuum and edaphic changes (decrease in soil pH, increase in organic matter and exchangeable bases) were related to the community based changes in species composition. The mechanism of change supported the facilitation model of plant succession which is a modification of the original Clementsian concept. Similar results were found in the Eastern Cape, but due to the harsh environment, multiple pathways of succession exist. Data from this study lent support to the model of plant succession developed earlier, and confinned that the dune slacks played an important role in this facilitation by acting as centres of diversity. The foredunes were found to have an indirect role in protecting these slacks from salt spray and sand movement. The central theme of the management studies was to investigate the ecological consequences of recreational pressure within the dune environment. Current levels of beach utilization at East London were lower than other beaches in South Africa, but a general trend of increasing utilization due to sociopolitical changes can be expected. The suitability of questionnaire surveys to assess aspects such as the adequacy of facilities, perceptual carrying capacity and the beach users opinion of natural vegetation and preference for particular beaches was demonstrated. The dune vegetation was found to be sensitive to human trampling, but at current levels, the ecological carrying capacity will not be exceeded since results of the aerial census counts and questionnaire survey revealed that few people entered sensitive zones such as the coastal forest. More detailed long term studies on the susceptibility of dune vegetation to both trampling and off-road vehicle impacts revealed a low resilience of dune plant communities to these effects. Although susceptibility differed between the three communities tested, generally the greatest amount of damage occurred after the first few passages, and vehicles caused a more significant decrease in height when compared to trampling. Recovery rates were slow and low levels of repeated damage were sufficient to retard or prevent the recovery of the plants. Stricter control of vehicle use on beaches is therefore required, and in high use zones the ecological carrying capacity should be increased by providing access tracks if possible, or if not possible, by restricting access. A historical account of the process of dune stabilization showed that although first initiated in 1845, indigenous species were only used in the past three decades. The use of alien species has resulted in problems such as a reduction in the ecological integrity and aesthetic appeal of coastal systems. The techniques applied in the stabilization of drift sands with indigenous vegetation have been successful, as revealed by a quantitative survey of 17 sites in the Eastern Cape. Sites were grouped by multivariate analysis on the basis of their species composition, and variability between sites was dependent on the types of species planted. Selection of suitable species is therefore important and is discussed with respect to their natural distribution along the coast. The long term objective of stabilization should be the creation of functional, diverse, aesthetic ecosystems, since the intrinsic and economic value of the dune landscape for tourism lies therein. However, detailed studies should be undertaken prior to implementing a manipulative process such as dune stabilization, since ecological processes may be disrupted. An understanding of such processes is therefore important if one wishes to effectively manage the dune landscape.
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6

Ogor, Julien. "Design of algorithms for the automatic characterization of marine dune morphology and dynamics." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENTA0005/document.

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Les dunes marines sont de grandes structures sédimentaires qui, ensemble, couvrent de larges zones appelées champs de dunes. Des dunes ont été découvertes dans tous les océans, de la côte jusqu'aux talus continentaux. Leur forme et mobilité sont des témoins du lien étroit qui existe entre le transport sédimentaire, l'hydrodynamique (courants marins) et la topographie du fond. L'étude des dunes est intéressante scientifiquement parlant, mais elle est également motivée par des enjeux économiques et environnementaux. Les dunes peuvent être étudiées de deux manières : La modélisation et l'analyse de données de terrain (granulométrie, courantométrie, données sismiques, données bathymétriques). Ces deux approches sont très différentes mais complémentaires. Avec l'amélioration des données Sondeur Multi-Faisceaux (SMF), il est maintenant possible de visualiser la morphologie des dunes et de suivre leur évolution de manière plus détaillée. Plusieurs méthodes automatiques d'analyse de la morphologie et de la dynamique des dunes ont été développées pour analyser les Modèles Numériques de Terrain (MNTs) construits à partir de ces données SMF. Pourtant, aucun ne permet d'estimer les valeurs de descripteurs morphologiques et dynamiques pour chaque dune. L'analyse et l'évaluation de ces descripteurs restent régionales avec le découpage des MNTs en régions rectangulaires. Seul un traitement manuel permet d'estimer ces descripteurs pour chaque dune. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des algorithmes automatiques permettant de quanti er la morphologie et la dynamique de chaque dune. Pour ce faire, une représentation des données SMF sous forme d'une tessellation triangulaire a été préférée au classique MNT régulier. Tout d'abord, les dunes doivent être extraites de la topographie du fond marin. Un algorithme par accroissement de régions avec adaptation de l'échelle d'analyse, issu de la géomorphométrie est proposé. Les crêtes de dunes sont d'abord extraites en combinant un algorithme de simplification de tessellations avec un algorithme d'extraction de lignes de crête. La résolution de la tessellation est adaptée par l'algorithme de simplification afin de faciliter l'extraction des lignes de crête. Les lignes de crête sont des objets bien définis en géométrie différentielle. Leur extraction s'appuie sur l'interprétation de cette définition appliquée à des modèles discrets du fond (tessellations). Les crêtes servent d'embryons à l'algorithme d'extraction des dunes. L'estimation des paramètres morphologiques des dunes (longueur, largeur, hauteur, etc.) découle de l'extraction automatique des dunes. L'utilisation d'une méthode de recalage non rigide (isométrique) pour la quantification de la dynamique est discutée. Des tessellations représentant la topographie d'un même champ de dunes à différents moments sont analysées par l'algorithme d'extraction des dunes. Ensuite, une dune est associée à une dune d'une autre tessellation qui lui correspond (même dune à un autre instant). La dynamique de chaque dune est quantifiée à partir des résultats de l'algorithme de recalage : les transformations permettant d'aligner différentes représentations d'une dune
Marine dunes are large sedimentary mounds often organized in dunefields. Theyhave been discovered in oceans all around the globe, from continental rises to nearshore areas. These mobile seafloor structures reflect the unique and complex relationship between the sediment, the seafloor topography and the hydrodynamics (currents). Dunes are not only interesting at a scientific level. In fact, their study is also motivated by economic, safety and environmental reasons. The study of dunes can be divided into two complementary approaches: Modelling and analysis of in situ data (granulometry, current, bathymetric data).The increased quality of MultiBeam EchoSounder (MBES) data allows scientists to monitor and visualize the complexity of, both, dune morphology and dynamics. Au-tomatic methods to characterize dune morphology and dynamics using Digital TerrainModels (DTMs) have already been proposed. But, none does it at the dune scale. Mor-phological and dynamical descriptors are estimated for patches of the dunefield. Today, the evaluation of such descriptors for each dune can only be achieved manually.The objective of this thesis is to design automatic algorithms for the quantification of dune morphology and dynamics. A representation of MBES data as triangular meshes has been preferred to the usual gridded DTMs. The first stage consists of delineating dunes in the seafloor. A scale adaptative, region growing algorithm based on geomorphometry is proposed. The combination of mesh implification and crest extraction algorithms enables to accurately recover dune crest lines. The mesh simplification facilitates the crest extraction by adapting the mesh resolution. Crest extraction is based on the discrete interpretation of the definition of crest lines in differential geometry. The crests are, then, used as seed regions by the dune extraction algorithm
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7

Barwell, Lauriston. "Integrity assessment procedure for buffer dune systems on the Cape South Coast, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6524.

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Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The hypothesis postulated in this research, namely that the effectiveness of natural and constructed buffer dune systems can be assessed by a set of indicators that defines the integrity of the dune system and triggers informed management decisions, was evaluated and proved to be essentially true. Two key objectives, namely (1) the identification of key indicators that define the buffer dune integrity; and (2) the development of a scientifically defendable and practical checklist-based method of gathering qualitative information on the identified key indicators so as to guide decision-making at municipal level formed the core of the study. The six dune integrity indicators that collectively define the risk profile of a particular site along the Southern Cape coastline are (1) the degree of protection from prevailing wave energy, (2) the characteristics of the dominant winds and sand supply during the dry season, (3) the relative height of the foredune, (4) the degree of pressure on the buffer dune due to humans, (5) the vulnerability of the type of coastline to erosion, and (6) the coastline stability considering the prevailing coastal processes. The first two indicators relate to the natural (permanent) characteristics of the site and can be defined by experts and presented in the form of a risk and vulnerability atlas layer for direct use by non-experts. The third and fourth indicators relate directly to the implementation of proactive assessment and appropriate management actions to ensure a high level of buffer dune integrity. The last two indicators allow for management intervention to reduce the vulnerability but may entail costly engineering solutions and require expert input. A conceptual risk profile assessment procedure and a decision support guideline incorporating these indicators were developed and evaluated for relevance and practicality through a series of workshops with municipal officials along the south coast of South Africa. It was seen that although some initial basic training may be required, carrying out rapid assessments of the environmental status of key components of an identified human–nature system, such as a buffer dune, is practical and achievable by non-experts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hipotese wat in hierdie navorsing gepostuleer is, naamlik dat die doeltreffendheid van natuurlike en geboude bufferduinstelsels geassesseer kan word deur ’n stel aanwysers wat die integriteit van die duinstelsel bepaal en ingeligte bestuursbesluite tot gevolg het, is getoets en bewys hoofsaaklik waar te wees. Twee sleuteldoelwitte, naamlik (1) die identifisering van sleutelaanwysers wat die bufferduinintegriteit bepaal; en (2) die ontwikkeling van ’n praktiese kontrolelys-gebaseerde metode wat wetenskaplik verdedigbaar is om kwalitatiewe inligting oor die geïdentifiseerde sleutelaanwysers in te samel ten einde besluitneming op munisipale vlak te bevorder, vorm die kern van die studie. Die ses duin-integriteitsaanwysers wat gesamentlik die risikoprofiel van ’n bepaalde terrein langs die kuslyn bepaal, is (1) die graad van beskerming teen die heersende golfenergie, (2) die kenmerke van die dominante winde en sandbron gedurende die droë seisoen, (3) die relatiewe hoogte van die voorduin, (4) die graad van druk op die bufferduin as gevolg van mense, (5) die eroderingskwesbaarheid van die soort kuslyn, en (6) die kuslynstabiliteit met inagname van die kusprosesse. Die eerste twee aanwysers het betrekking op die natuurlike (permanente) eienskappe van die terrein en kan deur kundiges bepaal word en in die vorm van ’n kaart in ’n risiko-enkwesbaarheidsatlas aangebied word vir direkte gebruik deur niedeskundiges. Aanwysers 3 en 4 hou direk verband met die implementering van tydige en deurlopende proaktiewe assessering en gepaste bestuursaksies om ’n hoë vlak van bufferduinintegriteit te verseker. Aanwysers 5 en 6 bevorder bestuursaksies om kwesbaarheid te verminder, maar kan moontlik duur ingenieursoplossings inhou en kundige insette benodig. ’n Konseptuele risikoprofielassesseringsprosedure en ’n besluitondersteuningsriglyn wat die aanwysers insluit, is ontwikkel en geëvalueer vir toepaslikheid en uitvoerbaarheid deur ’n reeks werkswinkels met munisipale amptenare aan die suidkus van Suid-Afrika. Hoewel aanvanklike basiese opleiding nodig kan wees, bly dit dat vinnige assessering van die omgewingstatus van sleutelkomponente van ’n geïdentifiseerde mens–natuurstelsel, soos ‘n bufferduin, prakties en haalbaar deur niedeskundiges is.
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8

Cocks, David. "Mathematical modelling of dune formation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442818.

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This study is concerned with the mathematical modelling of the formation and subsequent evolution of sand dunes, both beneath rivers (fluvial) and in deserts (Aeolian). Dunes are observed in the environment in many different shapes and sizes; we begin by discussing qualitatively how and why the different forms exist. The most important aspect of a successful model is the relationship between the bed shape and the shear stress that the flow exerts on the bed. We first discuss a simple model for this stress applied to fluvial dunes, which is able to predict dune-like structures, but does not predict the instability of a flat bed which we would hope to find. We therefore go on to look at improved models for the shear stress based on theories of turbulent flow and asymptotic methods, using assumptions of either a constant eddy viscosity or a mixing length model for turbulence. Using these forms for the shear stress, along with sediment transport laws, we obtain partial integrodifferential equations for the evolution of the bed, and we study these numerically using spectral methods. One important feature of dunes which is not taken into account by the above models is that of the slip face - a region of constant slope on the downwind side of the dune. When a slip face is present, there is a discontinuity in the slope of the bed, and hence it is clear that flow separation will occur. Previous studies have modelled separated flow by heuristically describing the boundary of the separated region with a cubic or quintic polynomial which joins smoothly to the bed at each end. We recreate this polynomial form for the wake profile and demonstrate a method for including it into an evolution system for dunes. The resulting solutions show an isolated steady-state dune which propagates downstream. From the asymptotic framework developed earlier with a mixing length model for turbulence, we are able, using techniques of complex analysis, to model the shape of the wake region from a purely theoretical basis, rather than the heuristic one used previously. We obtain a Riemann-Hilbert problem for the wake profile, which can be solved using well-known techniques. We then use this method to calculate numerically the wake profile corresponding to a number of dune profiles. Further, we are able to find an exact solution to the wake profile problem in the case of a sinusoidally shaped dune with a slip face. Having found a method to calculate the shear stress exerted on the dune from the bed profile in the case of separated flow, we then use this improved estimate of the shear stress in an evolution system as before. In order to do this efficiently, we consider an alternative method for calculating the wake profile based on the spectral method used for solving the evolution system. We find that this system permits solutions describing an isolated dune with a slip face which propagates downstream without changing shape. All of the models described above are implemented in two spatial dimensions; the wind is assumed to blow in one direction only, and the dunes are assumed to be uniform in a direction perpendicular to the wind flow. While this is adequate to explain the behaviour of transverse dunes, other dune shapes such as linear dunes, barchans, and star dunes are by nature three-dimensional, so in order to study the behaviour of such dunes, the extension of the models to three dimensions is essential. While most of the governing equations generalize easily, it is less obvious how to extend the model for separated flow, due to its reliance on complex variables. We implement some three-dimensional evolution models, and discuss the possibility of modelling three-dimensional flow separation.
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9

Momiji, Hiroshi. "Mathematical modelling of the dynamics and morphology of aeolian dunes and dune fields." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249363.

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10

Purvis, Kelly Grant. "Assessment of beach access paths on dune vegetation and implications for dune path planning and management." Thesis, College of Charleston, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1545049.

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The impact of beach access paths on dune vegetation was investigated on the Isle of Palms, SC. Understanding the impacts of the most direct form of disturbance in this system (beach access paths) is of increasing importance from ecological and economic perspectives. Vegetation characteristics were measured along transects in foredune, mid dune and back dune communities at set distances from beach access paths. Survey was conducted to allow comparisons between path types and materials. Results indicate that beach access paths have a significant impact on beach dune vegetation. Sand paths cause greater reductions in vegetative cover than wooden paths and wooden paths raised at least 0.7m from the sand surface cause the least reduction in vegetation cover. Closely spaced paths reduce the species richness and percent of vegetative cover more than paths spaced at least 40 m apart. Current regulations can be minimally altered to improve dune vegetation and dune stability. Regulations requiring construction of raised wooden paths and disallowing private sand paths would greatly improve dune vegetation continuity. Additionally, voluntary path sharing of neighboring properties could significantly reduce the number of paths per mile of coastline while creating minimal inconvenience for beachfront homeowners and visitors.

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Книги з теми "Dune"

1

Desai, Kasturi N. Sand dune vegetation of Goa: Conservation & management. [Panjim]: Botanical Society of Goa, 2002.

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2

Herbert, Brian. Dune. New York: Tor Books, 2004.

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3

Frank, Herbert. Dune. New York: Ace Books, 1999.

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4

Frank, Herbert. Dune. New York: Ace, 1987.

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5

Herbert, Brian. Dune. New York: Tor, 2004.

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6

Frank, Herbert. Dune. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2009.

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7

Herbert, Brian. Dune. New York: Bantam Books, 2000.

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8

Herbert, Brian. Dune. New York: Bantam Books, 2001.

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9

Frank, Herbert. Dune. New York: Ace Books, 1987.

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10

1962-, Anderson Kevin J., and Herbert Frank, eds. Dune. New York: Tor, 2003.

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Частини книг з теми "Dune"

1

Lynch, David. "Dune." In 100 Science Fiction Films, 49–50. London: British Film Institute, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-92604-6_24.

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2

Cardinale, Marco, Henrik Hargitai, and Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons. "Dune." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 1–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9_163-1.

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3

Cardinale, Marco, Henrik Hargitai, and Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons. "Dune." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 636–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_163.

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4

Lorenz, Ralph D., and James R. Zimbelman. "Introduction." In Dune Worlds, 3–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89725-5_1.

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5

Lorenz, Ralph D., and James R. Zimbelman. "Booming or Singing Dunes." In Dune Worlds, 115–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89725-5_10.

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6

Lorenz, Ralph D., and James R. Zimbelman. "Earth Dunes." In Dune Worlds, 121–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89725-5_11.

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7

Lorenz, Ralph D., and James R. Zimbelman. "Mars Dunes." In Dune Worlds, 135–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89725-5_12.

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8

Lorenz, Ralph D., and James R. Zimbelman. "Titan Dunes." In Dune Worlds, 157–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89725-5_13.

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9

Lorenz, Ralph D., and James R. Zimbelman. "Venus Dunes." In Dune Worlds, 169–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89725-5_14.

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10

Lorenz, Ralph D., and James R. Zimbelman. "Other Dune Worlds." In Dune Worlds, 177–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89725-5_15.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Dune"

1

Outangoun, Brenton. "Supernova Detection With DUNE." In Supernova Detection With DUNE. US DOE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1993458.

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2

Paton, Lisa. "Monitoring DUNE Data Streaming Efficiency." In Monitoring DUNE Data Streaming Efficiency. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1825295.

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3

Subedi, Divas, Michael Utes, and Paul Rubinov. "GIZMo for DUNE at LBNF." In GIZMo for DUNE at LBNF. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1825281.

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4

Paton, Lisa. "Monitoring DUNE Data Streaming Efficiency." In Monitoring DUNE Data Streaming Efficiency. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1825295.

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5

Subedi, Divas, Michael Utes, and Paul Rubinov. "GIZMo for DUNE at LBNF." In GIZMo for DUNE at LBNF. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1825281.

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6

Timm, Steven. "DUNE Rucio Deployment and Issues." In DUNE Rucio Deployment and Issues. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1841419.

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7

Flumerfelt, Eric. "The DUNE DAQ Application Framework." In The DUNE DAQ Application Framework. US DOE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2371002.

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8

Cong, Jason, Jie Fang, and Kei-Yong Khoo. "DUNE." In the 2000 international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/332357.332367.

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9

Tega, Yukiko, and Nobuhisa Kobayashi. "Dune Profile Evolution due to Overwash." In 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering (ICCE). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40549(276)206.

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10

Argyilan, Erin P., Mark P. S. Krekeler, Peter G. Avis, Todd A. Thompson, G. William Monaghan, and Charles C. Morris. "THE FORMATION OF DUNE DECOMPOSITION CHIMNEYS IN A MIGRATING COASTAL DUNE, INDIANA DUNES NATIONAL LAKESHORE." In 50th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016nc-275637.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Dune"

1

Schellman, Heidi. DUNE computing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1630709.

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2

Wolfe, S. A., J. Ollerhead, D. J. Huntley, and C. Campbell. Late Holocene dune activity in the Duchess dune field, Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/213235.

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3

Bermeo, Laura Gomez. DUNE in 10 Minutes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1460786.

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4

Adamowski, Mark, Johan Bremer, Michael Delaney, Roza Doubnik, Dimitar Mladenov, David Montanari, Trevor Nichols, Adrien Parchet, Filippo Resnati, and Ian Young. LBNF/DUNE Cryostats and Cryogenics Infrastructure for the DUNE Far Detector, Design Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2246738.

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5

Bross, Alan. The DUNE Near Detector Complex. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1524816.

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6

Gollapinni, Sowjanya, William Louis, Richard Van De Water, Walter Sondheim, Jan Boissevain, Keith Rielage, and Collaboration DUNE. Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume II: DUNE Physics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1699419.

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7

Abud, A. Snowmass Neutrino Frontier: DUNE Physics Summary. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1873688.

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8

Abed Abud, Adam. DUNE Offline Computing Conceptual Design Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1895403.

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9

Özer, Ebru, and Gregory Gonzalez. Pompano Beach Boulevard Streetscape and Dune Restoration. Landscape Architecture Foundation, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31353/cs0830.

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10

Alion, T., J. J. Black, A. Bashyal, M. Bass, M. Bishai, D. Cherdack, M. Diwan, et al. Experiment Simulation Configurations Used in DUNE CDR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1414949.

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