Готові списки джерел за темами / Drinking water treatment processes

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Drinking water treatment processes"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 22 червня 2024

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  1. Статті в журналах
  2. Дисертації
  3. Книги
  4. Частини книг
  5. Тези доповідей конференцій
  6. Звіти організацій

Статті в журналах з теми "Drinking water treatment processes":

1

Wagenet, Linda. "Unit Processes in Drinking Water Treatment." Journal of Environmental Quality 22, no. 3 (July 1993): 636–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200030038x.

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2

Bouwer, Edward J., and Patricia B. Crowe. "Biological Processes in Drinking Water Treatment." Journal - American Water Works Association 80, no. 9 (September 1988): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1988.tb03103.x.

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3

Dushkin, S. "CONTACT CLARIFIERS IN DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 170 (June 24, 2022): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-3-170-44-52.

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The article deals with the issues of resource-saving technology in the preparation of drinking water on contact clarifiers. One of the methods of water purification from coarse and colloidal contaminants is the method of contact coagulation using aluminum sulfate coagulant. It is advisable to use contact clarifiers in single-stage treatment schemes for low-turbid colored and cloudy-colored waters, when the total content of suspended solids in the water entering the contact clarifiers, including the suspension formed as a result of introducing reagents into the water, does not exceed 150 mg/l. With a higher content of suspended matter in water, the water consumption for washing contact clarifiers increases sharply. To intensify the preparation of drinking water on contact clarifiers, a resource-saving technology is proposed using contact clarifiers using a modified aluminum sulfate coagulant solution, which makes it possible to: reduce the consumption of coagulants used in water purification, improve the quality of water clarification by weighing substances, and reduce the cost of water treatment. Theoretical prerequisites for improving the operation of contact clarifiers with a modified coagulant solution are considered. The use of a modified coagulant solution allows, without deteriorating the quality of water clarification, to reduce the calculated doses of the coagulant by an average of 25-30%, which confirms the feasibility of using a modified aluminum sulfate coagulant solution when clarifying water on contact lights. It has been established that the treatment of clarified water with a modified aluminum sulfate coagulant solution during contact coagulation makes it possible to reduce the residual aluminum content in clarified water by an average of 50-60%, the quality of water purification in terms of bacteriological and hydrobiological indicators is much higher than when treating water with a conventional coagulant solution.
4

Payment, Pierre, Robert Armon, and Charles P. Gerba. "Virus removal by drinking water treatment processes." Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 19, no. 1 (January 1989): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643388909388357.

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5

van Schagen, Kim, Luuk Rietveld, Alex Veersma, and Robert Babuška. "Control-design methodology for drinking-water treatment processes." Water Supply 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.657.

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The performance of a drinking-water treatment plant is determined by the control of the plant. To design the appropriate control system, a control-design methodology of five design steps is proposed, which takes the treatment process characteristics into account. For each design step, the necessary actions are defined. Using the methodology for the pellet-softening treatment step, a new control scheme for the pellet-softening treatment step has been designed and implemented in the full-scale plant. The implementation resulted in a chemical usage reduction of 15% and reduction in the maintenance effort for this treatment step. Corrective actions of operators are no longer necessary.
6

Liao, X., C. Chen, Z. Wang, C. H. Chang, X. Zhang, and S. Xie. "Bacterial community change through drinking water treatment processes." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2014): 1867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0540-0.

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7

Zhang, Yue, Xinhua Zhao, Xinbo Zhang, and Sen Peng. "A review of different drinking water treatments for natural organic matter removal." Water Supply 15, no. 3 (January 23, 2015): 442–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.011.

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In the past decades, natural organic matter (NOM), which is a complex heterogeneous mixture of organic materials that are commonly present in all surface, ground and soil waters, has had an adverse effect on drinking water treatment. The existence of NOM results in many problems in drinking water treatment processes, and the properties and amount of NOM can significantly affect the efficiency of these processes. NOM not only influences the water quality with respect to taste, color and odor problems, but it also reacts with disinfectants, increasing the amount of disinfection by-products. NOM can be removed from drinking water via several treatment processes, but different drinking water treatment processes have diverse influences on NOM removal and the safety of the drinking water. Several treatment options, including coagulation, adsorption, oxidation, membrane and biological treatment, have been widely used in drinking water purification processes. Therefore, it is of great importance to be able to study the influence of different treatment processes on NOM in raw waters. The present review focuses on the methods, including coagulation, adsorption, oxidation, membrane, biological treatment processes and the combination of different treatment processes, which are used for removing NOM from drinking water.
8

Holmes, M., and D. Oemcke. "Optimisation of conventional water treatment processes in Adelaide, South Australia." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2002): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0164.

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Supplying drinking water in metropolitan Adelaide to meet contractual and Australian Drinking Water Guidelines is a challenge as source waters contain high concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM) that often exceed 10 mg/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The US EPA indicates that enhanced coagulation is the best available technology to control DOC in drinking water treatment plants. United Water has used enhanced coagulation at Metropolitan Adelaide WTPs since 1997 to improve water quality in the distribution system. NOM reduction has led to treated water with a lower chlorine demand allowing a greater residual penetration enabling improved bacteriological compliance. Disinfection by-product formation has also been controlled within the distribution system. Pathogen treatment barriers to remove Cryptosporidium and Giardia have been strengthened by adopting improved filter pre-treatment, enhanced coagulation and filter pre-chlorination to reduce particle breakthrough at all suitable WTPs.
9

Gora, Stephanie Leah, and Margaret Evelyn Walsh. "Recycle of waste backwash water in ultrafiltration drinking water treatment processes." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 60, no. 4 (June 2011): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2011.050.

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10

Khan, Waqar Ahmad, and Sanab Jan. "Drinking Water Contamination and Treatment Techniques." Journal of International Cooperation and Development 6, no. 2 (July 5, 2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2023-0012.

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The earth's survival depends critically on water. Water is necessary for the body's metabolism as well as the synthesis, structure, and movement of cellular components, nutrients, and waste products. The contaminants in water disrupt the mechanism's spontaneity and cause long- and short-term diseases. In this review, the likely contaminations and their potential pathways are explored. Processes and methods to purify water are the product of ongoing scientific efforts. The review presents the technologies' concepts and potentials in an understandable way. Additionally, it contains some significant hybrid technologies and upcoming technologies that look promising. Received: 13 March 2023 / Accepted: 29 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023
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Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "Drinking water treatment processes":

1

Arnette, Verna J. "Cyanotoxin Removal in Drinking Water Treatment Processes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258475751.

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2

Philippe, Karine K. "The role of advanced oxidation processes in drinking water treatment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6782.

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Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) is an ever growing challenge for water utilities as many surface waters used for drinking water in the UK exhibit increasing organics levels and it is well known that these organics can lead to problems such as water colouration, unpleasant odour and taste, bacterial growth and disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation. NOM is traditionally removed by coagulation, however in the case of hydrophilic organic matter rich waters the performances of these processes are not able to remove sufficient organic matter leading to potential failures of DBP regulations. Here two advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) UV/H2O2 and TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation were studied to investigate how they could be integrated in a drinking water flowsheet to meet this challenge. Substantial structural changes in the organic matter were observed: loss of aromaticity and double bonded character, shift towards lower molecular weight (MW) more hydrophilic compounds and formation of oxygenated by-products. Although hydrophobic rich waters seem more suitable to AOP treatment as preferential attack of high MW hydrophobic compounds was demonstrated, no correlation was found between physical properties of nine NOM surrogates and removal by UV/TiO2. Dark adsorption onto TiO2 was shown to remove preferentially high molecular weight hydrophobic anionic compound such as tannic acid. UV/H2O2 combined with coagulation did not show any significant benefits in NOM removal as UV/H2O2 appeared to target similar components as coagulation (high MW, hydrophobic and charged) and to form by-products recalcitrant to coagulation. The combination of both AOPs with fresh GAC showed moderate benefits in Abstract ii trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and non purgeable organic carbon (NPOC) removal highlighting the role of size and surface chemistry on adsorption onto GAC. Biodegradability of the water did not exhibit any significant change after both AOP treatments within the studied conditions possibly due to insufficient UV irradiation and presence of organics recalcitrant to biodegradation.
3

Rolph, Catherine. "21st Century biological processes for metaldehyde removal in drinking water treatment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10011.

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In recent years advances in analytical techniques have resulted in the reporting of previously undetectable pesticides in treated drinking water. Most pesticides are traditionally removed using ozone and granular activated carbon, however polar pesticides such as metaldehyde are not effectively removed in this way. Biological treatments for drinking water are a potential option for metaldehyde removal. Experiments were undertaken firstly to understand if metaldehyde can be removed using a biological mechanism and whether this mechanism can be captured and enhanced. It was found that metaldehyde can be effectively degraded using a sand with an active biofilm. This mechanism can be enhanced using a period of acclimation where the biofilm is exposed to higher metaldehyde concentrations to achieve increased degradation rates, this rate is maintained for several days even in the presence of lower metaldehyde levels. Removal times can also be enhanced using a fluidised column, which was found to be more effective that a traditional downflow filter for metaldehyde degradation. Pilot scale experiments demonstrated the potential for this technology to be implemented at full scale. Finally, an economic analysis identified that a fluidised bed bioreactor is economically viable compared to current treatment options.
4

Sanches, Sandra. "Integration of Membrane Filtration and Photolysis Processes for Drinking Water Treatment." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/12031.

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Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Engineering and Technology Sciences, Chemical Engineering.
Water is a fundamental resource for life. The presence of hazardous micropollutants such as pesticides and hormones in drinking water sources as well as the evidence of their presence in several treated waters raised concerns regarding the quality of the water intended for human consumption. The development of new technologies which are able to cope with these micropollutants and ensure the fulfillment of future more stringent regulations is therefore needed. Low pressure ultraviolet direct and indirect photolysis (using hydrogen peroxide and titanium dioxide) and nanofiltration are extremely promising technologies to effectively remove organic micropollutants from water.(...)
5

Liu, Yen-Ling. "The Fate of Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Sources and Treatment Processes." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1515021263671957.

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6

Holland, Valerie Ann. "Evaluation of conventional treatment processes for removal of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from drinking water /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426067.

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7

Ferrer, Mallén Olga. "Substitution of conventional pre-treatment units by membrane based processes in drinking water treatment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334975.

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This thesis focused on the feasibility of substituting, partially or totally, drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) conventional pre-treatment by membrane based units, in particular by ultrafiltration (UF). For such purpose, bench and pilot scale tests with natural water were conducted, first, to address the technical feasibility and, second, to optimize its performance in order to determine whereas the proposed scheme was competitive from hydraulic and quality perspectives with the current conventional pre-treatment. Moreover, tailored microbes based tests were defined to assess its proper functioning and reliability, and additional advantages related to direct UF besides those purely related to the pre-treatment unit were investigated. The case study selected was Sant Joan Despí DWTP (Barcelona, Spain) due to its particularities: it treats Llobregat River water, which is a highly variable water resource in terms of quality and quantity, and it is a complex multistage system. As a result, this study covered a wide range of conditions and the technology under consideration could be pushed to its limits. Results showed that direct UF of raw river water was a competitive alternative to dioxichlorination, coagulation/flocculation, settling and sand filtration. The pilot plant was able to continuously treat raw river water during 2 years, independently of its quality (e.g. turbidity > 1,000 NTU), delivering water of high and stable quality, both physico-chemically and microbiologically. In terms of pre-treated water quality, most of the physico-chemical parameters monitored presented lower values and variability in the direct UF scheme than in the conventional pre-treatment process. From a microbiological perspective, the direct UF scheme tested ensured an average removal of > 5 log10 units of bacteria and viruses greater than 60 nm. The highest water yields achieved ranged between 94.0%-94.7% in optimal conditions, involving 1 or 2 chemically enhanced backwashes (CEBs) per day, transmembrane pressure (TMP) below 1 bar, filtration fluxes of 40¿70 L/(m2¿h) and low reagents consumption. When a micro-coagulation previous to the UF was applied, the increase of the hydraulic resistance during filtration was decreased and stabilized, especially in winter, the hydraulic cleaning efficiency raised and the CEB frequency diminished. Since fouling indicators (SDI15 and MFI0.45) of the direct UF permeate were lower than those associated to the conventional pre-treatment, the subsequent reverse osmosis (RO) unit would require less chemical cleanings and thus, its lifetime would be extended. In addition to this, besides the economic savings associated to the significant reduction of reagents dosed within the direct UF scheme (chemical disinfectants and coagulants mainly), a minimization of risk of RO membrane degradation was demonstrated. Studies concerning the effects on physico-chemical and transport properties of RO membranes exposed to chemicals used within the conventional pre-treatment scheme but avoided in the direct UF treatment were also undertaken. An advanced characterisation of the exposed membranes enabled understanding the RO membranes performance changes with its composition and structure modification. The implementation of direct UF would imply the pre-treatment being a single membrane filtration step. This has advantages in terms of process complexity, space requirements, as well as avoidance of chemical based disinfectants dosage. Nevertheless, the preservation of its separating properties along time is of utmost importance, especially from a microbiological standpoint. Consequently, microbes based tailored tests aiming at assessing membrane integrity were defined and conducted periodically, to determine the removal capacity reliability of the pre-treatment scheme proposed in this thesis. Results showed that membrane integrity had not been compromised despite the challenging conditions that direct UF posed.
Aquesta tesis s'ha centrat en l'estudi de la substitució, total o parcial, de l'etapa de pre-tractament d'estacions de tractament d'aigua potable (ETAPs) per processos de membrana, en particular per ultrafiltració (UF). Per a tal fi, es van realitzar experiments a nivell laboratori i pilot per, en primer lloc, avaluar la seva viabilitat tècnica, i en segon, optimitzar el seu funcionament per determinar així si l'esquema de tractament proposat era competitiu des d'un punt de vista hidràulic i de qualitat amb el pre-tractament convencional actual. A més, es van definir assajos per assegurar el seu correcte funcionament i fiabilitat, i es van identificar avantatges addicionals a les purament associades a l'etapa de pre-tractament. El cas d'estudi seleccionat va ser l'ETAP de Sant Joan Despí (Barcelona) degut a les seves particularitats: tracta aigua del riu Llobregat, que és un recurs altament variable en termes de qualitat i quantitat, i és un sistema multi-etapa complex. En conseqüència aquest estudi va cobrir un ampli rang de condicions i va permetre portar la tecnologia en qüestió a condicions límit. Els resultats vam mostrar que la UF directa d'aigua crua de riu és capaç de substituir, i resulta competitiva, amb la dioxicloració, coagulació/floculació, decantació i filtració per sorra. La planta pilot va ser capaç de tractar contínuament aigua crua durant 2 anys, independentment de la seva qualitat (ex. terbolesa d'entrada > 1000 NTU), produint aigua de qualitat alta i estable, tant fisicoquímicament com microbiològicament. La majoria dels paràmetres fisicoquímics avaluats van presentar valors inferiors i amb menor variabilitat en l'esquema d'UF directa que en el pre-tractament convencional. Des d'una perspectiva microbiològica, l'esquema d'UF directa avaluat va assegurar una eliminació > 5 log10 unitats de bactèries i virus de tamany superior a 60 nm. El rendiment hídric va oscil.lar entre 94.0-94.7% en condicions òptimes, requerint 1 o 2 contra rentats químics al dia, una pressió transmembrana per sota d'1 bar, fluxos de filtració entre 40-70 L/(m2.h) i un baix consum de reactius químics. En aplicar una micro-coagulació prèvia a la UF, l'increment de la resistència hidràulica durant la filtració va disminuir i es va estabilitzar, l'eficiència del contra rentat va augmentar, i la freqüència dels contra rentats químics va davallar. Degut a que els indicadors d'embrutiment (SDI15 i MFI0.45) del permeat d'UF directa van resultar inferiors als del pretractament convencional, és d'esperar que la unitat següent d'osmosis inversa (OI) precisi menys neteges químiques i per tant, la seva vida útil es prolongui. Addicionalment, a part de l'estalvi econòmic associat a la reducció significativa de reactius dosificats en l'esquema l'UF directa (desinfectants químics i coagulants principalment), es va demostrar una disminució del risc de degradació de les membranes d'OI. Es van dur a terme estudis avaluant els efectes de l'exposició de certs químics (dosificats en el pre-tractament convencional però no en l'UF directa) en les propietats fisicoquímiques i de transport de membranes d'OI. Una caracterització avançada va permetre relacionar els canvis de funcionament de les membranes d'OI amb els seus canvis de composició i d'estructura. La implementació de la UF directa implica que el pre-tractament consisteixi únicament en una etapa de filtració. Això suposa avantatges en termes de complexitat del procés, requeriments d'espai així com d'evitar l'ús de desinfectats químics. Tanmateix, la preservació de les seves propietats de separació al llarg del temps és de gran importància, sobretot des d'un punt de vista microbiològic. En conseqüència, es van definir i dur a terme periòdicament assajos en base a microorganismes per avaluar la integritat de la membrana d'UF directa. Els resultats van indicar que la integritat de la membrana d'UF s'havia preservat durant els 2 anys d'estudi, malgrat les condicions severes que la UF directa va suposar
8

Lin, Joseph C. (Joseph Chris) 1981. "Determining the removal effectiveness of flame retardants from drinking water treatment processes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29411.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-55).
Low concentrations of xenobiotic chemicals have recently become a concern in the surface water environment. The concern expands to drinking water treatment processes, and whether or not they remove these chemicals while going through the treatment plant. In this study, the concentrations of organophosphoric acid triester flame retardants tributyl phosphate, tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, and ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (3:1) were measured after major treatment processes at the Chattahoochee Drinking Water Plant in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The findings indicated significant removal of all three organophosphate triesters after the pre-treatment chemical addition of sodium hypochlorite. The interaction of sodium hypochlorite and organophosphate triesters, through oxidation, was suspected to be the reason for the removal. Second, the concentrations of tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate after the filtration stage and at the clearwell were much greater than values after the sedimentation stage, and were well above the concentration measured at the intake. Exposure to the chemicals within the treatment plant was the chief potential reason for the heightened concentrations.
by Joseph C. Lin.
M.Eng.
9

Itle, Cortney H. "Properties of Waste Resulting from Arsenic Removal Processes in Drinking Water Treatment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34132.

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The arsenic maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water is likely to be lowered sometime in 2001 or 2002. If the MCL is lowered, it is speculated that there will be stricter limits imposed on the disposal and handling of arsenic-containing residuals. The purpose of this study is to determine the properties of drinking water residuals, including the chemical characteristics, the amount of arsenic that leaches in common residual handling and dewatering processes, and the hazardous potential of the residuals. Residual samples were collected from seven utilities with high arsenic concentrations in their raw water. Included in the study were four plants that coagulate with ferric chloride, two with aluminum hydroxide, and one softening plant. The residuals from each facility were acid digested and chemically characterized using ICP-AES to determine the total arsenic, aluminum and iron present. TCLP and California WET were performed to verify if the residuals were hazardous. Simulated lagoons were set up and monitored over a six-month period to determine the amount of arsenic that was leached to the liquid portion over time. Toxicity testing was performed on the residuals at 20% and 100% after two months and six months of storage. Bench-scale sand drying beds were used to dewater residuals, and the leachates were analyzed to determine if arsenic leached from residuals. The residuals were found to contain high levels of arsenic during the chemical characterization. However, all of the facilities passed the current TCLP limit of 5 mg/L. For all residuals, the California WET values were much higher than the TCLP values. In the lagoon study, redox potentials decreased and the arsenic and iron concentrations in the liquid portions increased. In the sand drying beds, very little arsenic leached; arsenic concentrations in the leachate were less than 10 ppb. Lagoon storage may not be a safe alternative for residuals containing arsenic. However, sand drying does not appear to present any threats. There were differences between the toxicity tests performed at 100% solids and 20% solids in the lagoon study. Some of the values increased and others decreased. Additionally, toxicity testing conducted after lagoon aging differed from earlier toxicity testing, due to the changing soluble arsenic. These discrepancies suggest that the test results can be affected by the percent solids and age of the residuals, and specific instructions should be given for consistent residuals testing.
Master of Science
10

Malcolm, Watson. "The removal of arsenic during drinking water treatment by sorption and coagulation processes." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101128&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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This dissertation investigates the factors which affect the removal of arsenic from groundwater by adsorption and coagulation technologies, including the interactions between As and natural organic matter (NOM). Humic acid (HA) was utilised as an NOM analogue, and was shown to be capable of both complexing and oxidising As, depending upon the prevailing conditions. The arsenic removing capabilities of three iron oxide coated sands (IOCS) were investigated, including IOCSW, a waste material from a local drinking water treatment plant generated during the removal of iron and manganese. IOCSW was highly effective at removing both As(V) and As(III) from synthetic water matrices (qmax = 78.3 µg As(V)/g and 99.1 µg As(III)/g). The negative effects of competitive anions (phosphates, silicates and HA) on arsenic removals were not significant enough to preclude the application of IOCSW for arsenic removal during drinking water treatment. The removals of both As and NOM by coagulation and enhanced coagulation with pH correction and preoxidation were also investigated. As(V)  was more readily removed by coagulation than As(III), so that the most efficient coagulation treatment investigated for arsenic and NOM removal applied preozonation with subsequent combined coagulation with polyaluminium chloride and ferric chloride. Different groundwaters displayed large variations in the As and NOM removal behaviours. Response surface methodology (RSM) was therefore applied to investigate  the interactions between As and NOM during ferric chloride coagulation and optimise their combined removals. Multiple interaction effects were observed during this investigation, highlighting the importance of utilizing RSM to optimise drinking water treatment technologies.
Ova disertacija ispituje faktore koji utiču na uklanjanje arsena iz podzemne vode primenom adsorpcija i koagulacije, uključujući i interakcije između arsena i prirodnih organskih materija (POM). Huminska kiselina (HA) je korisćena kao model za POM, a pokazano je da može i da kompleksira i da oksiduje As, u zavisnosti od eksperimentalnih uslova. Ispitivane su mogućnosti uklanjanja arsena za tri peska obložena gvožđe oksidom (IOCS), uključujući IOCSW, koji je dobijen sa postrojenja za tretman vode za piće i potiče iz procesa uklanjanja gvožđa i mangana. IOCSW se pokazao kao visoko efikasan za uklanjanje As(V) i As(III) iz sintetičkih vodenih matriksa (qmax = 78.3 µg As(V)/g i 99.1 µg As(III)/g). Negativni efekti kompetirajućih jona (fosfata, silikata i HA) na uklanjanje arsena nisu bili dovoljno značajni da bi se isključila primena IOCSW za uklanjanje arsena tokom tretmana vode za piće. Zajedničko uklanjanje As i POM koagulacijom i unapređenom koagulacijom uz podešavanje pH i kombinovanje sa oksidacionim predtretmanima je takođe ispitivano. Bolje uklanjanje koagulacijom postignuto je za As(V) u odnosu na As(III), stoga se kao najefikasniji ispitivani koagulacioni tretman pokazalo uklanjanje arsena i POM primenom predozonizacije praćene kombinovanom koagulacijom sa polialuminijum hloridom i gvožđe hloridom. Ispitivanja na različitim podzemnim vodama, pokazala su velike varijacije u ponašanju As i POM tokom tretmana. Iz tog razloga je primenjena metodologija odzivne površine (RSM) u cilju ispitivanja interakcija između As i POM tokom koagulacije gvožđe hloridom i optimizacije njihovog kombinovanog uklanjanja. Sagledavanje većeg broja interakcija primenom metodologije odzivne površine potvrđuje važnost njegove primene pri optimizaciji tretmana vode za piće.
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Книги з теми "Drinking water treatment processes":

1

Masschelein, W. Unit processes in drinking water treatment. New York: Dekker, 1992.

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2

Simon, Parsons. Introduction to potable water treatment processes. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub., 2006.

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3

MacPhee, Michael J. Treatment of arsenic residuals from drinking water removal processes. Cincinnati, OH: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001.

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MacPhee, Michael J. Treatment of arsenic residuals from drinking water removal processes. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, 2001.

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5

A, Snyder Shane, and AWWA Research Foundation, eds. Removal of EDCs and pharmaceuticals in drinking and reuse treatment processes. Denver, Colo: Awwa Research Foundation, 2007.

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6

Gil, Antonio, Luis Alejandro Galeano, and Miguel Ángel Vicente, eds. Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Drinking Water Treatment. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76882-3.

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7

National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.). Technology Transfer and Support Division., ed. Removal of endocrine disruptor chemicals using drinking water treatment processes. Cincinnati, Ohio: Technology Transfer and Support Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001.

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8

National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.). Technology Transfer and Support Division, ed. Removal of endocrine disruptor chemicals using drinking water treatment processes. Cincinnati, Ohio: Technology Transfer and Support Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001.

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9

Eisenberg, Talbert N. Reverse osmosis treatment of drinking water. Boston: Butterworths, 1986.

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10

A, Brown Richard. Impact of anion exchange pre-treatment on downstream processes. Denver, CO: Water Research Foundation, 2011.

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Частини книг з теми "Drinking water treatment processes":

1

Vigneswaran, S., T. V. Nguyen, J. Kandasamy, R. Ben Aim, and C. Visvanathan. "Membrane Processes for Drinking Water Treatment." In Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, 140–68. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412275.ch05.

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2

Carroll, T., D. Vogel, A. Rodig, K. Simbeck, and N. Booker. "Coagulation-Microfiltration Processes for NOM Removal from Drinking Water." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment VI, 171–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59791-6_16.

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3

Singh, Surya, and Sarvesh Rai. "Removal of Disinfection By-Products from Drinking Water: Influencing Factors and Physico-Chemical Treatment Processes." In Drinking Water Disinfection By-products, 219–37. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49047-7_11.

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4

Westrick, Judy A. "Cyanobacterial toxin removal in drinking water treatment processes and recreational waters." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 275–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75865-7_13.

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5

Rittmann, Bruce E. "Fundamentals and Application of Biofilm Processes in Drinking-Water Treatment." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 61–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48468-4_4.

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6

Mayer, Brooke K., and Donald R. Ryan. "Impact on Disinfection Byproducts Using Advanced Oxidation Processes for Drinking Water Treatment." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 345–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_82.

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7

Cantoni, Beatrice. "A Risk-Based Approach for Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Drinking Water Production and Distribution Chain." In Civil and Environmental Engineering for the Sustainable Development Goals, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99593-5_1.

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AbstractProvision of safe drinking water (DW) is one of the major requisites for human health, related to four Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nation 2030 Agenda: SDGs 3 (Good health), 6 (Clean water and sanitation), 11 (Sustainable cities) and 12 (Responsible production and consumption). However, this is hindered by the presence, especially in highly-anthropized contexts, of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in DW, that may pose a risk for human health. The present study aims at developing a holistic framework to support both (i) decision-makers for CECs prioritization in DW regulation and (ii) water utilities for the selection of appropriate monitoring and treatment interventions for the optimization of DW supply system. In detail, a quantitative chemical risk assessment (QCRA), including uncertainties related to both exposure and hazard assessments, was developed. Then, it was combined with testing and modeling of CECs fate in treatment processes and in distribution network, obtaining a robust tool to achieve the above-mentioned SDGs. Graphical Abstract
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Bernardes, A. Moura. "Drinking Water Treatment." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 588–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_2086.

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Bernardes, A. Moura. "Drinking Water Treatment." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_2086-1.

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Chu, Wenhai, Naiyun Gao, Yang Deng, and Xin Li. "Control of Halogenated N-DBP Precursors Using Traditional and Advanced Drinking Water Treatment Processes: A Pilot-Scale Study in China’s Lake Taihu." In ACS Symposium Series, 307–39. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2015-1190.ch017.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Drinking water treatment processes":

1

Daia, Dongsheng, Songhu Li, and Jie Li. "The Effect of Water Plant Treatment Processes on the Drinking Water Biological Stability." In 2013 Third International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Applications (ISDEA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdea.2012.342.

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2

Moraes, Douglas Silveira, Rebeca Carvalho Siqueira, and José Roberto Guimarães. "Tratamento de esgoto sanitário usando MBR e MABR em plantas paralelas: remoção de DQO e DBO como indicadores de performance." In INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP FOR INNOVATION IN SAFE DRINKING WATER. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/iwisdw.n1.2022.4791.

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New technologies and processes have been developed, searching for higher efficiency to improve the treatment of effluents discharged into the environment. This work presents the performances, advantages, and disadvantages of two of these processes, the MBR (Membrane Bioreactor) and the MABR (Membrane-Aerated Biofilm Reactor). The data were collected in a comparative study between a full-scale MBR plant and an MABR pilot plant installed in the same place, using the same raw sanitary sewage source. The MBR presented higher efficiencies for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). However, the MABR was more efficient concerning the indicators of electric energy consumption per COD load removed and COD load removed per reactor volume. It also was verified the need for and importance of having an efficient system to control and remove the suspended solids in the MABR reactor, being an impacting factor in the pollutant removal efficiency results.
3

Sinha, Rajib, Balaji Ramakrishnan, E. Radha Krishnan, Haishan (Helen) Piao, and Craig L. Patterson. "Evaluation of Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether Drinking Water Treatment in Small Systems." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)588.

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4

Reátegui, Eduardo, Erik Reynolds, Lisa Kasinkas, Amit Aggarwal, Michael J. Sadowsky, Alptekin Aksan, and Lawrence P. Wackett. "Reactive Biomaterial for the Treatment of Herbicide Contaminated Drinking Water: Atrazine Dechlorination." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80205.

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The herbicide atrazine is used for control of broadleaf weeds, principally in corn, sorghum, and sugarcane [1]. Atrazine is currently used in 70 countries at an estimated annual rate of 111,000 tons [2, 3]. Atrazine is typically applied early in the planting season. However, Heavy rainfall events, shortly after application may lead to detectable atrazine concentrations in waterways and in drinking-water supplies. The United States Environmental Protection Agency established a 3 ppb limit of atrazine in drinking water. In some instances, municipal water treatment plants use chemicals and other treatment processes, such as activated carbon, to reduce atrazine to below the 3 ppb legal limit for drinking water.
5

Volf, G., S. Zorko, and I. Cule. "Use of Machine Learning in Processes Optimization for Drinking Water Treatment Plant Butoniga (Istria, Croatia)." In 16th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components. CIMNE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/c.dbmc.2023.126.

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6

Arif, Shaiful, and Zahed Siddique. "Design and Selection of Safe Water Supply Solutions for Emerging Regions: A Demography Based Demand Driven Approach." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70577.

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Due to global climate change, increase in pollution along with reduced quantity of drinking water compared to the total volume of water, the scarcity of potable water is declining gradually. Researchers have become increasingly interested in efficient design of treatment processes, but, there is a lack of research to investigate appropriate, applicable, low cost and simple water treatment processes for underprivileged communities. Providing safe drinking water in these communities is more challenging due to limitation of resources and infrastructure. In this paper we developed a mathematical foundation of Demography Based Demand Driven (DBDD) approach to capture and identify design alternatives (combination of different treatment processes). The developed approach assists to identify, extract, categorize, and compare water related attributes associated with a community and mapped onto source model to identify and select a set of feasible treatment processes. A case study for a community of a rural village in emerging regions of Honduras is modeled and the approach presented in this paper is implemented to design and select feasible service solutions.
7

Yaparla, Deepthi, Anand B. Rao, and Bakul Rao. "Comparison of Household Level Drinking Water Treatment Technologies Using Analytic Hierarchy Process." In International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2014.060.

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8

Liu, Miao, Beihai Zhou, and Zhansheng Wang. "Study on Catalytic Ozonation/BAC Process for Advanced Drinking Water Treatment." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163464.

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9

Gamiz, J., H. Martanez, A. Grau, Y. Bolea, and R. Vilanova. "Feed-forward control for a Drinking Water Treatment Plant chlorination process." In 2020 25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/etfa46521.2020.9211884.

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Gamiz, Javier, Yolanda Bolea, Antoni Grau, Juan Gamiz, Francisco Luque, and Juan Miguel Vargas. "Automation of chlorination process for drinking water treatment plant: Control strategies." In 2012 10th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indin.2012.6301355.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Drinking water treatment processes":

1

Pedraza, Arturo, Paola Méndez, and Rodrigo Riquelme. Energy Efficiency in Water Utilities: The Case of Guyana. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009315.

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Energy consumption in the water sector is extremely important. Energy is needed throughout the entire process of drinking water generation and treatment. Estimates indicate that electricity expenses may represent as much as 40% of the total operating costs of a water and sanitation (W&S) utility. Conversely, energy consumption of W&S utilities often represent animportant proportion of the total electricity generated in a country. Yet, energy consumed by W&S utilities is not always used efficiently. This technical note aims to highlight how water and sanitation utilities can increase their energy efficiency, reducing operational costs and impacting positively the overall operational efficiency of W&S utilities. To illustrate this, the technical note takes as an example a pilot project carried out in the Guyana Water and Sanitation Utility - Guyana Water Incorporated (GWI).
2

Waisner, Scott, Victor Medina, Charles Ellison, Jose Mattei-Sosa, John Brasher, Jacob Lalley, and Christopher Griggs. Design, construction, and testing of the PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS), a mobile ion exchange–based system for the treatment of per-, poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated water. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43823.

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Poly-,Per-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are versatile chemicals that were incorporated in a wide range of products. One of their most important use was in aqueous film-forming foams for fighting liquid fuel fires. PFAS compounds have recently been identified as potential environmental contaminants. In the United States there are hundreds of potential military sites with PFAS contamination. The ERDC designed and constructed a mobile treatment system to address small sites (250,000 gallons or less) and as a platform to field test new adsorptive media. The PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS) has cartridge filters to remove sediments and a granular activated carbon (GAC) media filter to remove organic compounds that might compete with PFAS in the ion exchange process, although it may also remove PFAS too. The last process is an ion exchange resin specifically designed to remove PFAS to a target level of 70 ng/L or less (equivalent to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Drinking Water Health Advisory). The system was tested at Hurlburt Field, a US Air Force facility in Florida and at Naval Support Activity (NSA) Mid-South in Millington, TN.
3

Getsinger, Kurt, Christopher Mudge, Bradley Sartain, Benjamin Sperry, Damian Walter, and Michael Durham. The use of rhodamine water tracer (RWT) dye to improve submersed herbicide applications. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48412.

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The inert fluorescent dye rhodamine water tracer (RWT) has been widely used in freshwater aquatic systems for many years to quantify bulk water exchange patterns and as a tracer for submersed herbicide movement. The dye is well-suited for tracer work due to its high solubility and detectability in water (<0.01 μg/L). Federal guidelines limit the aqueous concentration 0f RWT to <10 μg/L at drinking water intakes. The dye has proven to be harmless to aquatic organisms and humans in low concentrations and is relatively inexpensive. Since 1991, RWT has been used by Engineer Re-search and Development Center (ERDC) researchers to simulate aqueous herbicide applications in large, hydrodynamic systems in over 12 states. Such simulations have improved the effectiveness of herbicide treatments by linking in situ water exchange processes with appropriate herbicide selection and application rates. Understanding these parameters can be critical for mitigating herbicide exposure in environmentally sensitive settings and around potable water and irrigation intakes. A data-based estimate of water exchange patterns usually results in successful submersed herbicide applications—both with target-plant efficacy and limited injury to nontarget vegetation. Using RWT dye to simulate submersed herbicide applications is an important predictive and real-time tool in both experimental and operational settings.
4

Lutes, Christopher C., Trent Henderson, David S. Liles, Daniel Garcia, Renee Clayton, Judodine Patterson, Robert Parette, Frederick S. Cannon, Mark Goltz, and Daniel Craig. Tailored Granular Activated Carbon Treatment of Perchlorate in Drinking Water. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada579136.

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5

Dave, Dhaval, and Muzhe Yang. Lead in Drinking Water and Birth Outcomes: A Tale of Two Water Treatment Plants. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27996.

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6

Clark, Joceyln, Hany H. Zaghloul, and Steve W. Maloney. Effects of the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986 on Army Fixed Installation Water Treatment Plants. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada256858.

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7

Borch, Thomas, Yitzhak Hadar, and Tamara Polubesova. Environmental fate of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: Biodegradation, complexation, and photodegradation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597927.bard.

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Many pharmaceutical compounds are active at very low doses, and a portion of them regularly enters municipal sewage systems and wastewater-treatment plants following use, where they often do not fully degrade. Two such compounds, CBZ and LTG, have been detected in wastewater effluents, surface waters, drinking water, and irrigation water, where they pose a risk to the environment and the food supply. These compounds are expected to interact with organic matter in the environment, but little is known about the effect of such interactions on their environmental fate and transport. The original objectives of our research, as defined in the approved proposal, were to: Determine the rates, mechanisms and products of photodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites in waters exposed to near UV light, and the influence of DOM type and binding processes on photodegradation. Determine the potential and pathways for biodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites using a white rot fungus (Pleurotusostreatus) and ADP, and reveal the effect of DOM complexation on these processes. Reveal the major mechanisms of binding of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to DOM and soil in the presence of DOM, and evaluate the effect of this binding on their photodegradation and/or biodegradation. We determined that LTG undergoes relatively slow photodegradation when exposed to UV light, and that pH affects each of LTG’s ability to absorb UV light, the efficiency of the resulting reaction, and the identities of LTG’sphotoproducts (t½ = 230 to 500 h during summer at latitude 40 °N). We observed that LTG’sphotodegradation is enhanced in the presence of DOM, and hypothesized that LTG undergoes direct reactions with DOM components through nucleophilic substitution reactions. In combination, these data suggest that LTG’s fate and transport in surface waters are controlled by environmental conditions that vary with time and location, potentially affecting the environment and irrigation waters. We determined that P. ostreatusgrows faster in a rich liquid medium (glucose peptone) than on a natural lignocellulosic substrate (cotton stalks) under SSF conditions, but that the overall CBZ removal rate was similar in both media. Different and more varied transformation products formed in the solid state culture, and we hypothesized that CBZ degradation would proceed further when P. ostreatusand the ᵉⁿᶻʸᵐᵃᵗⁱᶜ ᵖʳᵒᶠⁱˡᵉ ʷᵉʳᵉ ᵗᵘⁿᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ˡⁱᵍⁿⁱⁿ ᵈᵉᵍʳᵃᵈᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ. ᵂᵉ ᵒᵇˢᵉʳᵛᵉᵈ ¹⁴C⁻Cᴼ2 ʳᵉˡᵉᵃˢᵉ ʷʰᵉⁿ ¹⁴C⁻ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿʸˡ⁻ labeled CBZ was used as the substrate in the solid state culture (17.4% of the initial radioactivity after 63 days of incubation), but could not conclude that mineralization had occurred. In comparison, we determined that LTG does not degrade in agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewater, but that P. ostreatusremoves up to 70% of LTG in a glucose peptone medium. We detected various metabolites, including N-oxides and glycosides, but are still working to determine the degradation pathway. In combination, these data suggest that P. ostreatuscould be an innovative and effective tool for CBZ and LTG remediation in the environment and in wastewater used for irrigation. In batch experiments, we determined that the sorption of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to agricultural soils was governed mainly by SOM levels. In lysimeter experiments, we also observed LTG and CBZ accumulation in top soil layers enriched with organic matter. However, we detected CBZ and one of its metabolites in rain-fed wheat previously irrigated with treated wastewater, suggesting that their sorption was reversible, and indicating the potential for plant uptake and leaching. Finally, we used macroscale analyses (including adsorption/desorption trials and resin-based separations) with molecular- level characterization by FT-ICR MS to demonstrate the adsorptive fractionation of DOM from composted biosolids by mineral soil. This suggests that changes in soil and organic matter types will influence the extent of LTG and CBZ sorption to agricultural soils, as well as the potential for plant uptake and leaching.
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Henderson, Trent, and Fred Cannon. Tailored Granular Activated Carbon Treatment of Perchlorate in Drinking Water. ESTCP Cost and Performance Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada554485.

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9

Johnston, Angelina, Kevin O'Connor, and Yogin Rawal. Right Bank Drinking Water Treatment Plant Rehabilitation. Commander's Emergency Response Program, Ninewa Governorate, Iraq. Sustainment Assessment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada529182.

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Esbach, Michael, and Brian Weeks. Valuing Ecosystem Services: A Qualitative Analysis of Drinking Water in the Solomon Islands. American Museum of Natural History, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0014.

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Анотація:
This case study introduces the concept of ecosystem valuation through a hypothetical drinking water scenario in the Solomon Islands. Solomon Islanders, along with all humans, benefit from the resources and processes supplied by natural ecosystems that are increasingly threatened due to human demands. On top of this, ecosystem services are undervalued in a market-based system. This case study gives readers a real-world perspective of the applicability, opportunities, and confounding factors that exist when valuing ecosystem services.

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