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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Diversification model"

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Sohl, Timo, and Govert Vroom. "Organizational Impediments to Business Model Diversification." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 11312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.11312abstract.

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Straub, Timothy J., and Olga Zhaxybayeva. "A null model for microbial diversification." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 27 (June 19, 2017): E5414—E5423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619993114.

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Whether prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) are naturally organized into phenotypically and genetically cohesive units comparable to animal or plant species remains contested, frustrating attempts to estimate how many such units there might be, or to identify the ecological roles they play. Analyses of gene sequences in various closely related prokaryotic groups reveal that sequence diversity is typically organized into distinct clusters, and processes such as periodic selection and extensive recombination are understood to be drivers of cluster formation (“speciation”). However, observed patterns are rarely compared with those obtainable with simple null models of diversification under stochastic lineage birth and death and random genetic drift. Via a combination of simulations and analyses of core and phylogenetic marker genes, we show that patterns of diversity for the generaEscherichia,Neisseria, andBorreliaare generally indistinguishable from patterns arising under a null model. We suggest that caution should thus be taken in interpreting observed clustering as a result of selective evolutionary forces. Unknown forces do, however, appear to play a role inHelicobacter pylori, and some individual genes in all groups fail to conform to the null model. Taken together, we recommend the presented birth−death model as a null hypothesis in prokaryotic speciation studies. It is only when the real data are statistically different from the expectations under the null model that some speciation process should be invoked.
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Conybeare, John A. C. "A Portfolio Diversification Model of Alliances." Journal of Conflict Resolution 36, no. 1 (March 1992): 53–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002792036001003.

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4

Wimalasiri, Eranga M., Ebrahim Jahanshiri, Vimbayi Chimonyo, Sayed N. Azam-Ali, and Peter J. Gregory. "Crop model ideotyping for agricultural diversification." MethodsX 8 (2021): 101420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2021.101420.

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5

Zhang, Hua, Gongming Qian, Lee Li, and Zhengming Qian. "Intra- and inter-regional expansion: a nonlinear model." Management Decision 57, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 1554–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2017-0359.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to differentiate between intra- and inter-regional diversification and explore how each affects firm performance. Existing studies show that both intra- and inter-regional expansion provide benefits and incur costs but the findings are mixed. This study aims to explain the mixed findings. Design/methodology/approach This study uses secondary data and quantitative methodologies to test hypotheses. Findings Using data from 663 Canadian firms over a six-year period (2006–2011), the authors find that the relationship between firm performance and the depth and width of intra-regional expansion is nonlinear. The authors also find a sigmoid-shaped relationship between firm performance and inter-regional diversification, i.e., performance initially increases with home regional diversification, decreases with bi-regional diversification and finally increases again with multi-regional diversification. Originality/value The findings of this study shed light on the current debate on the merits of inter- and intra-regional diversification and have important theoretical and managerial implications.
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Hroznyi, Ihor, Oleh Kuzmak, Olena Kuzmak, and Olha Rusinova. "Modeling of diversification of foreign economic interactions." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 1 (February 22, 2018): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(1).2018.15.

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The article developed a basic simulation model of diversification of foreign economic interactions, which makes it possible to assess the mutual influence of key economic indicators and their reaction to changes in the equilibrium in world markets. The peculiarity of the developed model of diversification of foreign economic interactions is its functioning as a complex dynamic system in which many factors are interrelated, and the connections are dynamic. This makes it possible to calculate a simulation model that takes into account hidden and subtle connections. While modeling foreign economic interactions and evaluating the influence of various regulators on them, in addition to the stage of model development itself, mandatory parameterization of this model is proposed, that is, the determination of specific types of dependence between the factors included in the model and the parameters of these dependencies. The implementation of this model can be carried out in any simulation package.
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Ganzarain, Jaione, and Nekane Errasti. "Three stage maturity model in SME’s toward industry 4.0." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 9, no. 5 (December 20, 2016): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2073.

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Purpose: To address the challenges regarding the concept of Industry 4.0 and the diversification methodology and based on the strategic guidance towards Industry 4.0, we propose a process model as a guiding framework for Industry 4.0 collaborative diversification vision, strategy and action building. In this paper we suggest a stage process model to guide and train companies to identify new opportunities for diversification within Industry 4.0. Systematically carrying out the stages will take a company to their individual specific vision and collaborative vision between different companies in the Industry 4.0 scenario.Design/methodology/approach: This new collaborative diversification methodology involves industry within the pilot program; from the diversification and capacity assessment analysis of the company`s profile, skills and technologies that dominates, to identify the diversification opportunity map and its business modeling within the Industry 4.0 paradigm.Findings: The application of maturity models to the Industry 4.0 may help organizations to integrate this methodology into their culture. Results show a real need for guided support in developing a company-specific Industry 4.0 vision and specific project planning.Originality/value: Industry 4.0 promotes a vision where recent developments in information technology are expected to enable entirely new forms of cooperative engineering and manufacturing. The vision of industry 4.0 describes a whole new approach to business operations, and especially the production industries. To address the challenges regarding the concept of Industry 4.0 and the diversification methodology discussed above, and based on the strategic guidance towards Industry 4.0, we propose a unique process model as a guiding framework for Industry 4.0 collaborative diversification vision, strategy and action building.
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Griswold, Cortland K. "Epistasis can accelerate adaptive diversification in haploid asexual populations." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1802 (March 7, 2015): 20142648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2648.

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A fundamental goal of the biological sciences is to determine processes that facilitate the evolution of diversity. These processes can be separated into ecological, physiological, developmental and genetic. An ecological process that facilitates diversification is frequency-dependent selection caused by competition. Models of frequency-dependent adaptive diversification have generally assumed a genetic basis of phenotype that is non-epistatic. Here, we present a model that indicates diversification is accelerated by an epistatic basis of phenotype in combination with a competition model that invokes frequency-dependent selection. Our model makes use of a genealogical model of epistasis and insights into the effects of balancing selection on the genealogical structure of a population to understand how epistasis can facilitate diversification. The finding that epistasis facilitates diversification may be informative with respect to empirical results that indicate an epistatic basis of phenotype in experimental bacterial populations that experienced adaptive diversification.
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Hautmann, Michael. "Diversification and diversity partitioning." Paleobiology 40, no. 2 (2014): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13041.

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Model calculations predict that pathways of alpha- and beta-diversity in diversifying ecosystems notably differ depending on the relative role of competition, predation, positive effects of species' interactions, and environmental parameters. Four scenarios are discussed, in which alpha- and beta-diversity are modeled as a function of increasing gamma-diversity. The graphic illustration of this approach is herein called α-β-γ plot, in which the x-axis indicates increasing diversification rather than absolute time. In purely environmentally controlled systems, beta-diversity maintains near-maximum values throughout the diversification interval, whereas mean alpha-diversity increases linearly, with a slope being reciprocal to beta-diversity. A second scenario is based on the assumption that increasing richness will have predominantly positive effects on the addition of further species; here, alpha- and beta-diversity increase simultaneously (though not necessarily at the same rates) and without reaching a predictable upper limit. In ecosystems that are characterized by low competition between species, mean alpha-diversity asymptotically approaches a saturation level, whereas the increase in beta-diversity accelerates until alpha-diversity stagnates, and then continues to rise linearly. If competition is high, addition of species first increases beta-diversity until no further habitat contraction is possible, followed by a period in which alpha-diversity increase through adaptive divergence becomes the principal drive of diversification. Because there is a continuous transition between the late stage of the low-competition model and the early stage of the high-competition scenario, both can be combined in a single model of diversity partitioning under the premise of a diversity-dependent increase of competition. This summary model predicts three phases of diversity accumulation: (1) a niche overlap phase, (2) a habitat contraction phase, and (3) a niche differentiation phase. The models herein discussed provide a potential tool to assess the question which factors primary controlled the diversification of life over geological times.
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Koren, Miklós, and Silvana Tenreyro. "Technological Diversification." American Economic Review 103, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 378–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.1.378.

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Economies at early stages of development are frequently shaken by large changes in growth rates, whereas advanced economies tend to experience relatively stable growth rates. To explain this pattern, we propose a model of technological diversification. Production makes use of input-varieties that are subject to imperfectly correlated shocks. Endogenous variety adoption by firms raises average productivity and provides diversification benefits against variety-specific shocks. Firm-level and aggregate volatility thus decline as a by-product of the development process. We quantitatively assess the model's predictions and find that it can generate patterns of volatility and development consistent with the data. (JEL D21, D24, E23, O33, O47)
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Дисертації з теми "Diversification model"

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Ahame, Edmund. "Statistical model for risk diversification in renewable energy." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008399.

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The growth of the industry and population of South Africa urges to seek new sources of electric power, hence the need to look at alternative power sources. Power output from some renewable energy sources is highly volatile. For instance power output from wind turbines or photovoltaic solar panels fluctuates between zero and the maximum rated power out. To optimize the overall power output a model was designed to determine the best trade-off between production from two or more renewable energy sources putting emphasis on wind and solar. Different measures of risk, such as coefficient of variation (CV) and value at risk (VAR), were used to determine the best hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) configuration. Depending on the investors’ expected returns (demand) and risk averseness, they will be able to use the model to choose the best configuration that suites their needs. In general it was found that investing in a diversified HRES is better than investing in individual power sources.
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Sydney, Roberta G. (Robert Gail). "Diversification within the real estate development industry : an elderly housing model." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77696.

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Goldberg, Caroline, and Petter Katz. "Towards a Model for Predicting Related Diversification Outcomes : Merging Views on Synergy." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8807.

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Businesses carrying out related diversification moves with the objective to gain synergy effects have been a frequently occurring phenomenon since the midst of the past century. Plenty of models have been constructed, mainly using external data, in order to predict the outcome of these moves, but a high degree of contradictory results in empiric testing shows that current models are insufficient. Our objective is to present a model which also takes into account the internal data presented by the line of research called horizontal strategies, with the aim of moving towards a more accurate explanatory model for related diversification. This is a study of literature which resulted in a model which may be used for approximations as a strategic planning device. Our main conclusions are that further empirical testing, mainly regarding the behaviour of costs for implementing interrelationships, is necessary in order to create an accurate, explanatory model for predicting the outcome of related diversification.

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Bohlandt, Florian Martin. "Single manager hedge funds - aspects of classification and diversification." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85859.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
A persistent problem for hedge fund researchers presents itself in the form of inconsistent and diverse style classifications within and across database providers. For this paper, single-manager hedge funds from the Hedge Fund Research (HFR) and Hedgefund.Net (HFN) databases were classified on the basis of a common factor, extracted using the factor axis methodology. It was assumed that the returns of all sample hedge funds are attributable to a common factor that is shared across hedge funds within one classification, and a specific factor that is unique to a particular hedge fund. In contrast to earlier research and the application of principal component analysis, factor axis has sought to determine how much of the covariance in the dataset is due to common factors (communality). Factor axis largely ignores the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix and orthogonal factor rotation maximises the covariance between hedge fund return series. In an iterative framework, common factors were extracted until all return series were described by one common and one specific factor. Prior to factor extraction, the series was tested for autoregressive moving-average processes and the residuals of such models were used in further analysis to improve upon squared correlations as initial factor estimates. The methodology was applied to 120 ten-year rolling estimation windows in the July 1990 to June 2010 timeframe. The results indicate that the number of distinct style classifications is reduced in comparison to the arbitrary self-selected classifications of the databases. Single manager hedge funds were grouped in portfolios on the basis of the common factor they share. In contrast to other classification methodologies, these common factor portfolios (CFPs) assume that some unspecified individual component of the hedge fund constituents’ returns is diversified away and that single manager hedge funds should be classified according to their common return components. From the CFPs of single manager hedge funds, pure style indices were created to be entered in a multivariate autoregressive framework. For each style index, a Vector Error Correction model (VECM) was estimated to determine the short-term as well as co-integrating relationship of the hedge fund series with the index level series of a stock, bond and commodity proxy. It was postulated that a) in a well-diversified portfolio, the current level of the hedge fund index is independent of the lagged observations from the other asset indices; and b) if the assumptions of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) hold, it is expected that the predictive power of the model will be low. The analysis was conducted for the July 2000 - June 2010 period. Impulse response tests and variance decomposition revealed that changes in hedge fund index levels are partially induced by changes in the stock, bond and currency markets. Investors are therefore cautioned not to overemphasise the diversification benefits of hedge fund investments. Commodity trading advisors (CTAs) / managed futures, on the other hand, deliver diversification benefits when integrated with an existing portfolio. The results indicated that single manager hedge funds can be reliably classified using the principal factor axis methodology. Continuously re-balanced pure style index representations of these classifications could be used in further analysis. Extensive multivariate analysis revealed that CTAs and macro hedge funds offer superior diversification benefits in the context of existing portfolios. The empirical results are of interest not only to academic researchers, but also practitioners seeking to replicate the methodologies presented.
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Toussaint, Emmanuel FA. "Insects as a model to puzzle out mechanisms of lineage diversification in the Indomalayan / Australasian archipelago." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-177872.

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Soummane, Salaheddine. "Oil rent and diversification facing climate challenge : The case of Saudi ArabiaRente pétrolière et diversification face au défi climatique : cas de l'Arabie Saoudite." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA012.

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L'appel croissant à la mise en œuvre d'une politique climatique ambitieuse et globale devrait détério-rer les perspectives économiques des pays dépendants du pétrole. Cette thèse étudie les impacts économiques de cette transition bas-carbone ainsi que les stratégies d'atténuation possibles pour le premier exportateur de pétrole: le Royaume d'Arabie Saoudite (AS). Nous proposons une applica-tion utilisant un modèle intégré économie-énergie-environnement qui prend en compte les spécifici-tés de l’économie saoudienne comme l’ancrage de son taux de change ou encore les prix d’énergies administrés.Premièrement, en utilisant une représentation agrégée de l’économie saoudienne, nous montrons qu’un prix du pétrole plus faible résultant de la transition bas-carbone mondiale résulte en un taux de croissance marginalement bas, des excédents commerciaux significativement réduits et à un chô-mage plus élevé. Nous analysons la portée des outils dont dispose l’AS pour atténuer les impacts des politiques climatiques sur son économie. Nous estimons que l'alignement des prix de l'énergie saou-diens sur les références internationales ainsi que l’augmentation des gains d'efficacité énergétique fournissent à l’AS des sources de revenus supplémentaires. Ce cadre de modélisation permet de tes-ter des scénarios prospectifs tout en contrôlant leurs spécifications macroéconomiques.Ensuite, nous mettons en perspective ces spécifications dans un cadre multisectoriel afin d'étudier les stratégies de diversification émanant des contributions prévues déterminées au niveau national (INDC) ainsi que son programme stratégique Vision 2030. Nous concluons que la diversification économique dans les secteurs à faible intensité énergétique (industrie manufacturière, tourisme et services financiers) en augmentant les exportations et la substitution des importations, en plus de réformer l'impôt sur les sociétés offre une perspective positive par rapport à une expansion continue des industries à forte intensité énergétique (minéraux, pétrochimie et ciment). En effet, nous mon-trons que la diversification dans les secteurs à faible intensité énergétique génère une croissance plus forte et un chômage plus faible. En outre, dans le cadre de ce scénario de diversification écono-mique, l’AS dépasse ses engagements climatiques en termes de réduction des émissions de CO2. Néanmoins, l’expansion des secteurs à forte intensité énergétique résulte en une meilleure perspec-tive de la dette publique puisque le gouvernement tire des revenus plus élevés de ses participations dans les industries lourdes. Enfin, nous concluons que dans nos deux scénarios, l’AS n’atteint que partiellement ses ambitions de transition vers une économie moins dépendante du pétrole dans le cadre du programme Vision 2030, ce qui suggère que de nouvelles réformes doivent être envisagées.Cette thèse contribue à la littérature sur l’implémentation d’une politique climatique et ses consé-quences économiques pour les pays exportateurs pétrole. Notre travail fournit des estimations sur les réformes économiques à entreprendre comme stratégies d'atténuation et pourrait donc être adapté pour couvrir d'autres pays et sources d’énergie
The increasing call for implementing a global and ambitious climate policy is expected to deteriorate economic outlook of oil-dependent countries. Our research work investigates the impact of this global low-carbon transition and the potential mitigation strategies for the largest oil exporter: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We propose an application using an integrated economy-energy-environment modelling framework taking into account salient features of the Saudi economy such as the currency peg and the regulated domestic energy prices.First, using an aggregated representation of the KSA economy, we show that a weaker oil price re-sulting from the global low-carbon transition is associated with a marginally lower growth, large trade surplus accumulation loss, and higher unemployment for the KSA. We analyse what scope the KSA has to mitigate climate policy impacts. We reveal that aligning domestic energy prices with international references and achieving energy efficiency gains increases economic efficiency while improving public budget prospects. This modelling framework allows to investigate scenarios while controlling the modelling macroeconomic specifications.We refine these outlooks in a mulstisector framework that further allows investigating diversifica-tion opportunities within the Saudi Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) and its Vision 2030 program. We conclude that economic diversification into non energy-intensive sectors (manufacture, tourism, and financial services) through increasing exports and import substitution, in addition to targeting fiscal adjustments of the corporate tax, provide a positive outlook compared with a continuous expansion of energy-intensive activities (minerals, petrochemical, and cement). Indeed, we show that diversification in non-energy intensive sector generates higher growth, and lower unemployment. In addition, under our designed economic diversification plan, the KSA ex-ceeds its climate pledges in terms of targeted CO2 abatement. Nevertheless, the continuous expan-sion of energy-intensive industries is associated with a better outlook for the public debt since the government derives higher revenues from its participation in energy-intensive industries. Finally, we conclude that in our two scenarios, the KSA only partially succeeds in its transition toward a less oil-dependent economy as part of the Vision 2030 program, suggesting that further reforms are to be considered.This thesis contributes to the literature on climate policy implementation and associated economic consequences for fossil-fuel exporters. It provides insights on economic reforms as mitigation strate-gies and could be thus adapted to cover additional countries and fuels
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Hjelström, Tomas. "The closed-end investment company premium puzzle : model development and empirical tests on Swedish and British data /." Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögskolan i Stockholm] (EFI), 2007. http://www2.hhs.se/EFI/summary/723.htm.

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Pai, Chih-Wen. "Determinants of the New Entry of HMOs into A Medicare Risk Contract: A Resource Dependence-Diversification Model." VCU Scholars Compass, 1996. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4946.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of the new entry of an HMO into a Medicare risk contract using a resource dependence—diversification model. This study is conducted through a non-experimental, panel design With one year time lag. An HMO’s market is defined as the service area. The primary sample for this study is composed of 440 HMOS that do not have a Medicare risk contract as of January 1994. Data for the variables are extracted from the 1994 and 1995 InterStudy and Group Health Association of America (GHAA) directories, the 1996 Area Resource File, the 1994 County and City Data Book, the 1993 County Business Patterns. Additional supplementary data on adjusted average per capita cost (AAPCC) and county-level Medicare beneficiaries are obtained from the Health Care Financing Administration. The dependent variable is discrete indicating an HMO’s market entry. Independent variables are grouped into four categories: market structure, resource munificence, market price, and organizational attributes. Twelve hypotheses are tested using multivariate logistic regression. This analysis reveals that HMO enrollment size is a predominant, positive factor in predicting a new market entry. HMOs are also sensitive to the level of AAPCC rates in making a market entry decision. Results from hypothesis testing suggest that competition encourages a new market entry. The importance of resource munificence is not statistically supported. This study demonstrates the appropriateness of a panel design to verify a cause-effect relationship and the applicability of the service area as an HMO’s market. This study also contributes to the theoretical understanding of an HMO’s market entry.
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Werneck, Fernanda. "Diversification and Conservation in the South American Dry Biomes: Distribution Modeling and Multilocus Lizard Phylogeography." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3308.

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The understanding of diversification of intraspecific lineages can shed light on speciation processes and ultimately biogeographic patterns across multiple spatial and temporal scales. In this dissertation I investigated the geographical and ecological factors promoting diversification across the South American dry diagonal biomes (i.e. Cerrado, Chaco, and Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests - SDTFs), through a coupled approach between multilocus phylogeographic and geospatial methods, in the larger context of interpreting the consequences of the resulting patterns for the conservation of biodiversity and evolutionary processes. In Chapter 1 I evaluate biogeographic hypotheses previously proposed and emphasize that the dry diagonal biomes are particularly biodiverse and biogeographically complex, but poorly studied and under protected. I also propose testable predictions for the subsequent chapters and future diversification studies. In the subsequent chapters I adopt a biodiversity prediction approach based on estimating palaeodistributions and habitat stability surfaces to formulate and test spatially explicit diversification hypotheses based on squamate richness and phylogeography. In Chapter 2 I identify historically stable areas of SDTFs and in Chapter 3 I found that the historical climatic stability is a good predictor of Cerrado squamate richness. In Chapter 4 I use a multilocus dataset to estimate the phylogenetic relationships among described species of the lizard genus Phyllopezus (Phyllodactylidae), distributed across the ‘dry diagonal’ biomes. In Chapter 5 I used a dense sampling design focused in the species complex P. pollicaris (more individuals, localities, and markers), and coalescent phylogeographic methods to test the relative influences of Tertiary geomorphological vs. Quaternary climatic events on diversification in this lizard. I found unprecedented levels of cryptic genetic diversity, deep phylogeographic structure, and diversification dating back to at least the Neogene with persistence across Quaternary fluctuations. My dissertation emphasizes that patterns of diversification across the ‘dry diagonal’ biomes are much more complex than previously proposed and reflect the primary influence of geologically old processes. Evidence of allopatric and ecological speciation between lineages that coincide with genetic clusters associated with each of the biomes, contradicts early views that the biomes would have a shared diversification history. These patterns illustrate that low-vagility complexes, characterized by strong structure and pre-Pleistocene divergences, represent ideal radiations to investigate broad biogeography of associated biomes. Future studies should investigate patterns of temporal and spatial congruence across co-distributed taxa, and integrate morphological and further ecological data to refine species limits, taxonomy, and patterns of trait evolution across these radiations.
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Maliet, Odile. "Exploring heterogeneity in diversification patterns across the tree of life using probabilistic models." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS081.

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Dans cette thèse, je présente différentes approches pour quantifier et expliquer les variations dans le processus de diversification au sein de l’arbre du vivant. Toutes les approches présentées s’appuient sur des modèles probabilistes. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à la forme générale des phylogénies, et propose une nouvelle mesure de la relation entre la richesse spécifique et la profondeur des clades au sein d’une phylogénie. Nous montrons que, dans les phylogénies empiriques, cette mesure s’écarte de la valeur attendue pour un processus de diversification homogène entre les lignées, possiblement à cause de la présence de variations du taux de diversification au sein des groupes étudiés. Dans le deuxième chapitre, je m’intéresse à une description à plus fine échelle de ces variations de taux, et présente une nouvelle méthode pour estimer des vitesses de diversification lignée-spécifiques dans les phylogénies empiriques. Contrairement aux méthodes existantes, qui considère que les taux de diversifications varient par des sauts rares et de grande amplitude, la nôtre propose une vision plus graduelle de l’évolution de la vitesse de diversification. Nous appliquons notre méthode à un jeu de données empirique et montrons que la variabilité du taux de diversification est aussi forte au sein des clades qu’entre les clades, ce qui s’accorde bien avec cette vision d’une évolution progressive des taux de diversification. Enfin, le troisième chapitre se concentre sur une des explications possibles à la présence de variabilité dans les vitesses d’accumulation d’espèces, en présentant un modèle individu-centré permettant d’étudier l’effet de différent types d’interactions écologiques sur le processus de diversification. Nous étudions les prédictions de ce modèle pour la diversité obtenue, ainsi que sur plusieurs mesures caractérisant la structure des réseaux d’interactions. Notre modèle génère des réseaux d’interactions écologiques réalistes, avec des réseaux plus modulaires et moins emboités dans les communautés antagonistes que dans les communautés mutualistes. La présence d’interactions antagonistes favorise la diversification de la communauté, du point de vue de la variabilité en traits comme de celui du nombre d’espèces, tandis que les interactions mutualistes entravent la création de diversité, du fait d’une forte sélection stabilisante
In this PhD thesis, I present different approaches based on probabilistic models for quantifying and explaining heterogeneity in the diversification process across the tree of life, all in the probabilistic modeling framework. In the first chapter, we focus on the general shape of phylogenetic trees, and propose a new metric for the quantification of the age-richness relationship of the subclades within a tree. The study of this metric in a dataset of empirical phylogenies shows that they diverge from the expectation under an homogeneous speciation model, possibly because of within-clade speciation rates variations. In the second chapter of the thesis, I focus on a finer scale description of diversification rates variations, and introduce a new method to estimate lineage-specific diversification rates within a phylogeny. Compared to previously existing methods that aim at identifying a few diversification rate shifts with large effect, ours propose a more gradual view of diversification rate evolution. We apply our approach to a dataset of empirical phylogenies, and show that Intra-clade variations accounts a large part of the rate variations in the whole dataset, suggesting suggest that models with many gradual changes may be more appropriate than models with few punctuated shifts for describing the evolution of diversification rates. Finally, the last chapter considers more directly one of the possible cause of variation in diversification rates, which is the presence of inter-species ecological interaction. We build an eco-evolutionary model for the emergence of mutualistic, antagonistic and neutral bipartite interaction communities, and study it prediction on species and trait diversity, as well as on several key network structure metrics. Our model generates realistic network structures, antagonistic communities being more modular and less nested than mutualistic ones. We find that antagonistic interactions foster both species and trait diversity, while mutualistic interactions generate strong stabilizing selection, with a negative impact on both diversity measures
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Книги з теми "Diversification model"

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Leibowitz, Martin L. The endowment model of investing: Return, risk, and diversification. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

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Leibowitz, Martin L. The endowment model of investing: Return, risk, and diversification. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

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1978-, Bova Anthony, and Hammond P. Brett, eds. The endowment model of investing: Return, risk, and diversification. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

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Sinha, Deepak K. Correlated returns and the pattern of diversification: A spatial model. West Lafayette, Ind: Institute for Research in the Behavioral, Economic, and Management Sciences, Krannert Graduate School of Management, Purdue University, 1990.

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W, Johnson Mark. Seizing the white space: Business model innovation for growth and renewal. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Press, 2010.

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Johnson, Mark W. Seizing the white space: Growth and renewal through business model innovation. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Press, 2010.

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Casson, Mark. Internationalisation as a learning process: A model of corporate growth and geographical diversification. Reading: University of Reading. Department of Economics, 1993.

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Casson, Mark. Internationalisation as a learning process: A model of corporate growth and geographical diversification. Reading: University of Reading, 1993.

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Casson, Mark. Internationalisation as a learning process: A model of corporate growth and geographical diversification. Reading, England: University of Reading, Dept. of Economics, 1993.

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Seizing the white space: Business model innovation for growth and renewal. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Press, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Diversification model"

1

Mishrif, Ashraf, and Harun Kapetanovic. "Dubai’s Model of Economic Diversification." In Economic Diversification in the Gulf Region, Volume II, 89–111. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5786-1_5.

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Pils, Frithjof. "A Two-Factor Model of Operational Relatedness and Strategic Relatedness." In Diversification, Relatedness, and Performance, 107–43. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8181-3_4.

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Winson, Anthony. "Diversification beyond the Agro-export Model." In Coffee and Democracy in Modern Costa Rica, 146–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10424-6_8.

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Dhankar, Raj S. "Risk Diversification and Market Index Model." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 233–47. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3950-5_15.

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Mejía, Juan Felipe. "Commercial Relations Between Colombia and the European Union: An Empirical Approximation in the Light of the Gravity Model." In Export Diversification and Economic Growth, 101–19. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2742-2_4.

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Kitchell, Jennifer A., and Timothy R. Carr. "Chapter 8. Nonequilibrium Model of Diversification: Faunal Turnover Dynamics." In Phanerozoic Diversity Patterns, 277–310. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400855056.277.

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Brieden, Andreas, Peter Gritzmann, and Michael Öllinger. "Supply Chain Safety: A Diversification Model Based on Clustering." In Supply Chain Safety Management, 327–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32021-7_21.

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Yamamoto, Daisuke. "GCC Countries’ Diversification and Industrial Development: Looking Beyond the Asian Model." In Economic Diversification in the Gulf Region, Volume II, 179–212. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5786-1_8.

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Cummings (née Deffner), Veronika. "Economic Diversification and Empowerment of Local Human Resources: Could Singapore Be a Model for the GCC Countries?" In Economic Diversification in the Gulf Region, Volume II, 241–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5786-1_10.

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Lunardi, Gabriel Machado. "Representing the Filter Bubble: Towards a Model to Diversification in News." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 239–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34146-6_22.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Diversification model"

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Sun, Yuemei. "Discussion on the Diversification of Economic Research Methods." In 2019 International Conference on Economic Management and Model Engineering (ICEMME). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemme49371.2019.00052.

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Oliveira, Amanda, and Frederico Durao. "A Group Recommendation Model Using Diversification Techniques." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2021.326.

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Li, Yuanyuan, Andrii Biloshchytskyi, Sergiy Bronin, and Tamara Liashchenko. "A Conceptual Model for Diversification Strategies Choice." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Smart Information Systems and Technologies (SIST). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sist50301.2021.9465934.

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Wang, Jiaze, and Lin Li. "Traffic Flow Velocity Prediction Based on Real Data LSTM Model." In Vehicle Electrification and Powertrain Diversification Technology Forum Part I. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-7014.

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Onek, Tristan. "A Genetic Algorithm Model for Financial Asset Diversification." In SoutheastCon 2019. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/southeastcon42311.2019.9020556.

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Pin Keong, Er, Muhammad Ehsan Rana, and Vazeerudeen Abdul Hameed. "Crop Suitability Prediction Model for Malaysian Crop Diversification." In 2022 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Applications (DASA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasa54658.2022.9765283.

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Trifonov, Vladimir A. "Model Of Engineering Products Consumption Based On Price Diversification." In International Conference «Responsible Research and Innovation. Cognitive-crcs, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.07.02.124.

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Zulkifli, Mohamed, Mohamed Daud, and Samat Omar. "Maximizing portfolio diversification benefit via extended mean-variance model." In 2010 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ISIEA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isiea.2010.5679379.

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Yin, Xiaoshi, Zhoujun Li, Jimmy Xiangji Huang, and Xiaohua Hu. "A relevance-novelty combined model for genomics search result diversification." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2010.5706654.

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Ghoulmié, F., M. Bartolozzi, C. P. Mellen, and T. Di Matteo. "Effects of diversification among assets in an agent-based market model." In Microelectronics, MEMS, and Nanotechnology, edited by Derek Abbott, Tomaso Aste, Murray Batchelor, Robert Dewar, Tiziana Di Matteo, and Tony Guttmann. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.758912.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Diversification model"

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Banerjee, Onil, Martin Cicowiez, and Adela Moreda. Export Diversification Through Public Investment in Cultural Tourism: Insights from a Multi-Regional Model of Bolivia. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001983.

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Ayele, Seife, and Vianney Mutyaba. Chinese-Funded Electricity Generation in Sub-Saharan Africa and Implications for Public Debt and Transition to Renewable Energy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.063.

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While China has been increasingly contributing to the recent growth in electricity generation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the effects of China-funded investment on host countries’ debt burden and transition to renewable energy sources have not been sufficiently explored. Drawing on secondary data, combined with deep dive studies of Ethiopia and Uganda, this paper shows that despite significant liberalisation of the power sector in SSA, Chinese investments in the electricity industry continue to follow state-led project contract-based models. We show that this approach has failed to encourage Chinese firms to build compelling investment portfolios for competitive procurements within the region and, instead and inadvertently, it has exacerbated the debt burden of host country governments. Second, in spite of the global drive towards climate resilient energy generation, Chinese funding of electricity generation in SSA is not sufficiently channelled towards modern renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power that could reduce vulnerability to climate change. While recognising that the private sector-led competitive model of power generation is not without limitations, we argue that SSA’s electricity generation strategy that leads to less public debt and more climate resilience involves increased involvement of Chinese investment in the competitive model, with more diversification of such investment portfolios towards modern renewables such as wind and solar energy resources.
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Weller, Joshua, Gulbanu Kaptan, Rajinder Bhandal, and Darren Battachery. Kitchen Life 2. Food Standards Agency, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.wom249.

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The aim of the Kitchen Life 2 project is to identify the key behaviours relating to food safety that occur in domestic and business kitchens, as well as the factors that may reduce the likelihood to enact recommended food safety and hygiene behaviours. The outcomes will inform risk assessment and development of hypotheses for behavioural interventions. The goal of this literature review was to ensure that the research design and fieldwork techniques identify existing key behaviours, actors, triggers and barriers in domestic and business kitchens to develop successful behavioural interventions and risk assessment models. Additionally, we have included the impacts of Covid-19 pandemic and national lockdowns on food safety practices in domestic and business kitchens. This addition is important because FSA policy response to the pandemic should address the needs of both consumers and food businesses due to reduced ability to deliver inspection and enforcement activities, business diversification (for example, shifting to online delivery and takeaway), increasing food insecurity, and change in food consumption behaviours (for example, cooking from scratch) (FSA, 2020).
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Kimhi, Ayal, Barry Goodwin, Ashok Mishra, Avner Ahituv, and Yoav Kislev. The dynamics of off-farm employment, farm size, and farm structure. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695877.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Preparing panel data sets for both the United States and Israel that contain a rich set of farm attributes, such as size, specialization, and output composition, and farmers’ characteristics such as off-farm employment status, education, and family composition. (2) Developing an empirical framework for the joint analysis of all the endogenous variables of interest in a dynamic setting. (3) Estimating simultaneous equations of the endogenous variables using the panel data sets from both countries. (4) Analyzing, using the empirical results, the possible effects of economic policies and institutional changes on the dynamics of the farm sector. An added objective is analyzing structural changes in farm sectors in additional countries. Background: Farm sectors in developed countries, including the U.S. and Israel, have experienced a sharp decline in their size and importance during the second half of the 20th century. The overall trend is towards fewer and larger farms that rely less on family labor. These structural changes have been a reaction to changes in technology, in government policies, and in market conditions: decreasing terms of trade, increasing alternative opportunities, and urbanization pressures. As these factors continue to change, so does the structure of the agricultural sector. Conclusions: We have shown that all major dimensions of structural changes in agriculture are closely interlinked. These include farm efficiency, farm scale, farm scope (diversification), and off-farm labor. We have also shown that these conclusions hold and perhaps even become stronger whenever dynamic aspects of structural adjustments are explicitly modeled using longitudinal data. While the results vary somewhat in the different applications, several common features are observed for both the U.S. and Israel. First, the trend towards the concentration of farm production in a smaller number of larger farm enterprises is likely to continue. Second, at the micro level, increased farm size is negatively associated with increased off-farm labor, with the causality going both ways. Third, the increase in farm size is mostly achieved by diversifying farm production into additional activities (crops or livestock). All these imply that the farm sector converges towards a bi-modal farm distribution, with some farms becoming commercial while the remaining farm households either exit farming altogether or continue producing but rely heavily on off-farm income. Implications: The primary scientific implication of this project is that one should not analyze a specific farm attribute in isolation. We have shown that controlling for the joint determination of the various farm and household attributes is crucial for obtaining meaningful empirical results. The policy implications are to some extent general but could be different in the two countries. The general implication is that farm policy is an important determinant of structural changes in the farm sector. For the U.S., we have shown the different effects of coupled and decoupled (direct) farm payments on the various farm attributes, and also shown that it is important to take into account the joint farm-household decisions in order to conduct a meaningful policy analysis. Only this kind of analysis explains the indirect effect of direct farm payments on farm production decisions. For Israel, we concluded that farm policy (or lack of farm policy) has contributed to the fast structural changes we observed over the last 25 years. The sharp change of direction in farm policy that started in the early 1980s has accelerated structural changes that could have been smoother otherwise. These accelerated structural changes most likely lead to welfare losses in rural areas.
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