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Готові списки джерел за темами / Discrimination and reproduction

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Discrimination and reproduction"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 22 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Discrimination and reproduction":

1

Shaw, Joshua. "Regulating assisted reproduction: Discrimination and the right to privacy." Clinical Ethics 14, no. 2 (April 23, 2019): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477750919845086.

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Advances in fertility medicine have led some ethicists to call for stricter regulations on assisted reproduction. One counterargument is that such restrictions are unfair, for they impose far more stringent limits on the procreative liberties of individuals who rely on assisted reproductive technology than on those who reproduce through unassisted coital reproduction. This paper argues that a morally relevant distinction can be drawn between these two cases—one that supports stricter regulations on assisted reproduction. The argument, roughly, is this: it is not possible to regulate unassisted reproduction more stringently without violating the right to privacy. However, it is possible to regulate assisted reproduction without violating it, and the moral benefits of doing so warrant stricter regulations. Two arguments are made for this claim. First, it is not possible to regulate procreative rights in cases of unassisted reproduction in isolation from other freedoms—freedoms protected by the right to privacy. However, it is possible to regulate procreative liberties in isolation from other rights in cases of assisted reproduction. Second, procreative rights do not appear in general to be positive rights that entitle their possessors to assistance from others, and hence they are not violated by sterner regulations on assisted reproduction. However, parallel regulations on unassisted reproduction would violate a right to noninterference that is almost certainly protected by the right to privacy.

2

Krickovic-Pele, Ksenija, and Kosana Beker. "Gender and social controversies of in vitro fertilization in Serbia: Discrimination against childless women." Temida 17, no. 3 (2014): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1403049k.

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This paper analyses gender and social controversies of assisted reproductive technologies and the discrimination of childless women in Serbia. Primary goals of this paper are critical analysis of new reproductive technologies phenomenon, discrimination against women without children and critical analysis of the legal framework regulating biomedical assisted reproduction in Serbia from gender studies and feminist methodology perspectives, as well as presentation of the research results on discrimination of childless women. For the purpose of this research the survey and the content analysis have been used. A survey was conducted of 50 female participants in the in vitro fertilization program at the Department for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Novi Sad. The results indicate that the regulations on biomedical assisted reproduction and the criteria for inclusion in the in vitro fertilization program are discriminatory and that women involved in the program feel discriminated against, usually at work and in their own surroundings. The conclusion is that it is necessary to change the regulations governing this area, further work on the elimination of discrimination against childless women and destigmatisation of women and couples that cannot or do not want to have children.

3

Tonkens, Ryan. "Infertilitism: unjustified discrimination of assisted reproduction patients." Monash Bioethics Review 35, no. 1-4 (May 4, 2018): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40592-018-0078-x.

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4

Zivojinovic, Dragica. "The principle of equality and the right to assisted procreation." Stanovnistvo 50, no. 1 (2012): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1201069z.

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The principle of equality is the foundation of developing an entire system of human rights, and its implementation represents the standard of respecting each right individually. With these premises as a starting point, the subject of the author?s interests is whether the right to assisted reproduction, as a segment of reproductive rights, is regulated in conformity with the equality principal. In order to reach an answer, the author examines the concept of human assisted reproduction and analyzes the application of reproductive technologies in the light of legal, social and political reforms which affected marriages, the family and partnership in general at the end of the 20th century. The author finds that the most significant ones among them are the emancipation of women, recognition and legal formation of same sex unions and statements prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation. Furthermore, by considering the right to assisted reproduction in the context of other human rights with which it is interconnected and interdependent (the right to life, right to privacy, the right to a family life, health rights, children?s rights), the author finds there are no absolute, unlimited rights in the contemporary system of human rights, but that they inevitably have certain restrictions. Since the same limitation attribute also characterizes the right to assisted reproduction, the author further researches whether there is discrimination, positive or negative, towards the existing forms of limitations to this right. The following forms of limitations have been singled out, as the key ones for this analysis: request for (non)marital status and heterosexual orientation, sexual affiliation and age and the accessibility (prohibition) of applying certain methods of assisted reproduction which are primarily in the function of eliminating female sterility. The author concludes that there are elements of discrimination based on family status, sexual orientation, age and sexual affiliation. The author finds that emphasizing the need to protect the best interests of children, as a crucial reason for justifying their introduction, can hardly be defended both legally and ethically. The author believes that the basis of limitation lies in the reasons of social suitability, namely buying social peace at the present level of development of social conscience. By appealing to the principal of equality, the author intercedes in favor of accessibility to the right for assisted reproduction under equal conditions and limitations for each user, and prohibiting discrimination on any basis.

5

Eckert, Henri. "Discrimination et reproduction sociale ou l'emploi qui reste..." Agora débats/jeunesses 57, no. 1 (2011): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/agora.057.0107.

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6

Permatasari, Dian, Hadina Eka Camalia, and Emdat Suprayitno. "PKM KELOMPOK KRR DALAM PENCEGAHAN PERILAKU SEKS PRANIKAH DI MTS TARATE KABUPATEN SUMENEP." Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Kita 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/asta.v1i2.165.

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Reproductive health has the concept that everyone can have a satisfaction and a safe and responsible Sexual life. Therefore it is the right of every youth to be informed and gain access to Seksual and reproductive health true, complete and honest that enables them to make choices and decisions responsible for their reproductive and Sexual health rights. The main objective of reproductive health is to provide reproductive health services comprehensively to each individual and partner, especially to adolescents so that Each individual is able to undergo the reproductive process in a healthy and responsible manner as well as free from discrimination and violence, including recognition and respect for reproductive and Sexual health rights as an integral part of Human Rights. Providing access to education and adolescent reproductive health services is expected to increase the independence of adolescents in regulating functions and processes reproduction, including their Sexual life, so that their reproductive health rights can be fulfilled in improving the quality of life and the quality of their offspring both physically, mentally and social and free from fear, violence and discrimination. The result achieved from this activity is an increase in participants' knowledge about puberty and reproductive health. Specific objectives of the development of the education system and health services Reproduction for adolescents is to protect adolescents from the risk of early marriage, unwanted pregnancies, abortions, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), HIV/AIDS and Sexual violence.

7

Penney, Trevor B., Xiaoqin Cheng, Yan Ling Leow, Audrey Wei Ying Bay, Esther Wu, Sophie K. Herbst, and Shih Cheng Yen. "Saccades and Subjective Time in Seconds Range Duration Reproduction." Timing & Time Perception 4, no. 2 (June 10, 2016): 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002066.

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A transient suppression of visual perception during saccades ensures perceptual stability. In two experiments, we examined whether saccades affect time perception of visual and auditory stimuli in the seconds range. Specifically, participants completed a duration reproduction task in which they memorized the duration of a 6 s timing signal during the training phase and later reproduced that duration during the test phase. Four experimental conditions differed in saccade requirements and the presence or absence of a secondary discrimination task during the test phase. For both visual and auditory timing signals, participants reproduced longer durations when the secondary discrimination task required saccades to be made (i.e., overt attention shift) during reproduction as compared to when the discrimination task merely required fixation at screen center. Moreover, greater total saccade duration in a trial resulted in greater time distortion. However, in the visual modality, requiring participants to covertly shift attention (i.e., no saccade) to complete the discrimination task increased reproduced duration as much as making a saccade, whereas in the auditory modality making a saccade increased reproduced duration more than making a covert attention shift. In addition, we examined microsaccades in the conditions that did not require full saccades for both the visual and auditory experiments. Greater total microsaccade duration in a trial resulted in greater time distortion in both modalities. Taken together, the experiments suggest that saccades and microsaccades affect seconds range visual and auditory interval timing via attention and saccadic suppression mechanisms.

8

Sears, Alan. "Situating Sexuality in Social Reproduction." Historical Materialism 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 138–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341474.

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The years since the rise of gay liberation in 1969 have seen remarkable changes in the realm of sexuality. Lesbians and gay men have won important rights and attained a cultural visibility that would have been impossible to imagine even thirty years ago. Yet these rights are limited, and apply only to specific sections of those who face exclusion, discrimination or violence on the basis of their queerness in the realm of gender and/or sexuality.

9

Jannah, Miftachul, Pedvin Ratna Meikawati, and Swasti Artanti. "Reproduksi Sehat, Remaja Sehat di Posyandu Remaja Pashmina." Jurnal ABDIMAS-HIP : Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (August 25, 2021): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37402/abdimaship.vol2.iss2.152.

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Adolescents are people aged 12 to 24 years. Adolescence is a transition from childhood to adulthood. This means that the process of introduction and knowledge of reproductive health has actually started at this time. In simple terms, reproduction comes from the word "re" which means to return and "production" which means to make or produce. Reproductive health, as part of general health, is thus also a human right of every person, both men and women. Women's human rights are regulated in Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights Article 3 paragraph (3) which states that everyone has the right to the protection of human rights and human freedoms without discrimination. Reproductive health according to Law Number 36 Year 2009 is a complete physical, mental and social condition, not merely free from disease or disability related to the reproductive system, function and process in men and women. The purpose of this community service is to provide reproductive health education about healthy reproduction, healthy adolescents, especially about anemia in adolescents, reproductive health and free sex in adolescents. Methods of reproductive health counseling carried out are (1) Socialization and licensing, (2) Conducting reproductive health counseling, (3) Evaluation of the results of reproductive health counseling activities by means of pre and post tests. The results of the reproductive health counseling activity showed high enthusiasm, indicated by the very good response of participants in receiving material on healthy reproduction, healthy adolescents and the willingness of participants to ask questions. The enthusiasm of the participants is expected to increase the understanding of girls and boys about the importance of healthy reproduction, healthy adolescents.

10

Gill, Richard J., and Robert L. Hammond. "Workers influence royal reproduction." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1711 (November 3, 2010): 1524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1774.

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Understanding which parties regulate reproduction is fundamental to understanding conflict resolution in animal societies. In social insects, workers can influence male production and sex ratio. Surprisingly, few studies have investigated worker influence over which queen(s) reproduce(s) in multiple queen (MQ) colonies (skew), despite skew determining worker-brood relatedness and so worker fitness. We provide evidence for worker influence over skew in a functionally monogynous population of the ant Leptothorax acervorum . Observations of MQ colonies leading up to egg laying showed worker aggressive and non-aggressive behaviour towards queens and predicted which queen monopolized reproduction. In contrast, among-queen interactions were rare and did not predict queen reproduction. Furthermore, parentage analysis showed workers favoured their mother when present, ensuring closely related fullsibs (average r = 0.5) were reared instead of less related offspring of other resident queens ( r ≤ 0.375). Discrimination among queens using relatedness-based cues, however, seems unlikely as workers also biased their behaviour in colonies without a mother queen. In other polygynous populations of this species, workers are not aggressive towards queens and MQs reproduce, showing the outcome of social conflicts varies within species. In conclusion, this study supports non-reproductive parties having the power and information to influence skew within cooperative breeding groups.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Discrimination and reproduction":

1

Cansoy, Mehmet Suleyman. ""Sharing" in Unequal Spaces: Short-term Rentals and the Reproduction of Urban Inequalities." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108139.

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Thesis advisor: Juliet B. Schor
In this dissertation, I argue that questioning the relationship between technological change, specifically the new types of markets and practices enabled by the “sharing economy” and inequality has become an urgent need. While the sector promotes itself as the harbinger of egalitarian access to economic opportunity and consumption, independent studies of its operations and impacts point towards significant discriminatory dynamics favoring the already privileged. As the sector keeps growing, understanding its impact on inequality becomes ever more critical. I focus on one sharing economy platform, Airbnb, which facilitates the practice of “home-sharing,” or more accurately short-term rentals. I investigate the relationship between Airbnb and inequality in three papers that focus on how the deeply unequal urban settings where much of the economic activity on Airbnb takes place operate within the context of economic activity enabled by the platform. The analysis for all three papers is based on the data for more than 450,000 Airbnb listings and the demographic and economic characteristics of the neighborhoods they are located in. In the first paper, I look at how race determines the patterns of participation and outcomes for people who rent out their properties. I show that the economic opportunities generated by the platform are unequally distributed across the urban landscape. There are fewer listings in areas with higher concentrations of non-White residents, the listings that are located in these areas charge lower prices, and have lower earnings. The second paper investigates the relationship between the public reputation system on Airbnb and racial discrimination. I show that characterizing the reputation system as a racially neutral tool, which has the potential to reduce discriminatory outcomes, is highly problematic. Airbnb listings located in neighborhoods with higher percentages of non-White residents have a harder time generating reputation information when they first come on the platform and tend to have systematically lower ratings. The third paper focuses on how short-term rentals generates new dynamics of gentrification in cities, by providing evidence for a new type of “rent gap” between long-term and short-term rentals, and how property owners are exploiting it. I argue that short-term rentals, in the absence of further effective regulation from governments, are likely to drive increasing levels of gentrification as they remain highly profitable and occupy an increasing number of housing units. I believe that studying these aspects of the sharing economy contributes to a fuller understanding of technological change and its understudied interaction with inequality. Moving beyond the mostly theoretical and aggregated understanding of change inherent in the SBTC literature, my research promotes a more concrete and empirical engagement with change in line with some of the research on the “digital divide,” and the emergent literature on inequality on online platforms. Ultimately, I think such an engagement can serve as the basis for a broader theoretical reckoning with the increased pace of technological change as more and more of our social life is “disrupted” by technological interventions, with significant consequences
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology

2

Beatty, Michelle. "Procreation: How Others View Those Who Can Not or Will Not." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1394881812.

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3

Kushnick, Louis. "Race and class : racism and the reproduction of class-based societies : studies of Britain, the United States and western Europe." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1996. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669670.

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4

Onokoko, Okitongombe François. "L'éducation des enfants et des jeunes du Sankuru à l'épreuve des inégalités de la République Démocratique du Congo." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ2024.

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Les inégalités de scolarisation des enfants (6-12 ans) et des jeunes (12-15 ans) sont préoccupantes dans toute société et particulièrement en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). Objet de débat et de discussion parmi les politiciens, les chercheurs et les organismes nationaux ou internationaux, (Rayou & Van Zanten, 2011 ; Reboul, 2016), le droit d'accéder à l'éducation est loin d'être appliqué à tous les enfants du monde. Il l'est encore moins au Sankuru, notre terrain de recherche. Une jonction des facteurs permet d'expliquer et de comprendre le paradoxe du maintien des inégalités d'accès et de condition de scolarisation des enfants dans un contexte d'expansion de l'enseignement primaire et secondaire au Sankuru : le manque d'écoles publiques, la non application du principe de gratuité, le manque de moyens financiers, matériels et humains. Le rapport entre la politique publique et éducative de la province du Sankuru est ici capital. Notre échantillon diversifié, composé d'écoles et de personnes (élèves, parents, personnel éducatif, décideurs politiques, paysans, commerçants et boutiquiers) nous a permis de mener des entretiens et observation du terrain. L'analyse des données recueillies du terrain nous a permis de constater des inégalités résultant de politiques discriminatoires mises en œuvre par les pouvoirs publics, dont certaines familles et enfants sont victimes. Une violence symbolique (culturelle) intrafamiliale s'observe aussi, expliquant la disparité d'accès à l'école entre les filles et les garçons
Inequalities in the schooling of children (6-12 years old) and young people (12-15 years old) are usually noticed in many societies worldwide has been particularly known in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) for many years. Access to education is a subject of debate and discussion among decision-makers, researchers and national or international bodies and is far from being applied to all children in the World. It is even less so in Sankuru, which is our area of research. A combination of factors makes it possible to explain and understand the paradox of maintaining inequalities in access and in the conditions of schooling of children in a context of expansion of primary and secondary education in Sankuru: the lack of public schools, the inequal implementation of the principle of free education, the lack of financial, material and human resources. The relationship between public and educational policies in the Sankuru province is crucial. Our diverse sample composed of schools and individuals (students, parents, educational staff, policy makers, farmers, trades people and shopkeepers) allowed us to conduct interviews and field observation. The analysis of the data collected from the field allowed us to observe inequalities resulting from discriminatory policies implemented by the public authorities, of which some families and children are victims. Symbolic (cultural) violence within the family is also shown, explaining the disparity in access to school between girls and boys

5

Belanger, Rachelle Marie. "An Interdisciplinary Investigation of the Role of Crayfish Major Chelae in the Discrimination of Conspecific Odours: from Morphology to Behaviour." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1182174766.

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6

Hamidi, Rachid. "Structure sociale et stratégies de reproduction chez la fourmi hautement polygyne Crematogaster pygmaea." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210099.

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La stratégie de reproduction est l’un des principaux facteurs responsables du maintien de l’eusocialité et du succès écologique des fourmis. Chez les fourmis monogynes, la fondation solitaire induit de forts degrés d’apparentement entre les membres de la colonie, ce qui garantit la fitness indirecte des ouvrières. Par ailleurs, la territorialité assure le maintien de l’intégrité de la colonie. Par contre, chez les fourmis polygynes, l’ouverture sociale est plus importante, les reines ont perdu la capacité à fonder de manière indépendante et la présence de plusieurs lignées maternelle peut faire chuter les degrés d’apparentement, ce qui à terme, pourrait pousser les membres de la colonie au népotisme. Crematogaster pygmaea est une fourmi hautement polygyne dont la biologie la rapproche paradoxalement des fourmis monogynes. Dès lors, elle représente un modèle intéressant pour tester ces différentes prédictions, qui dans un cadre plus large, contribuent à une meilleure compréhension de l’évolution et de la maintenance de la coopération des reines chez les fourmis.

A l’aide de confrontations en milieu naturel, nous avons montré que C. pygmaea est clairement une espèce multicoloniale. Les confrontations traditionnelles en boîte de Pétri se sont avérées insuffisantes pour déterminer le degré d’ouverture des colonies de C. pygmaea. Le profil d’hydrocarbures cuticulaires des ouvrières est simple mais présente quelques alcanes branchés et quelques alcènes qui pourraient suffire au codage de l’odeur coloniale. Les colonies de C. pygmaea sont formées de plusieurs calies qui s’échangent des ouvrières. Ces échanges contribueraient à l’homogénéité et à l’intégrité génétique et chimique des colonies au sein des populations.

Contrairement à ce qui est observé chez d’autres fourmis, la forte polygynie de C. pygmaea n’est pas associée à l’incapacité d’une fondation solitaire. En effet, le dimorphisme reines-ouvrières est très marqué, l’haplométrose et la pléométrose sont possibles en laboratoire et des essaimages et tentatives de fondations solitaires ont été observés dans la nature. La dissémination des colonies par essaimage pourrait avoir lieu sur de courtes distances, comme le suggère la corrélation positive entre les distances génétique et géographique qui séparent les colonies.

Les reines sont capables de suivre des pistes, ce qui pourrait favoriser leur pénétration dans une colonie existante. Néanmoins, les ouvrières sont capables de reconnaître une reine étrangère et les degrés d’apparentements au sein des colonies sont élevés. Les analyses génétiques ont montré que les colonies forment des unités familiales dont les reines sont recrutées au sein d’une même génération. Ces reines sont à l’origine des ouvrières présentes dans la colonie. Chez les colonies pérennes, la présence d’un bottleneck royal pendant la saison sèche, associée à des accouplements intranidaux, devraient atténuer l’érosion des degrés d’apparentement liée au chevauchement entre les générations. Par ailleurs, nos résultats montrent aussi que les ouvrières peuvent produire des mâles fertiles. Le maintien de forts degrés d’apparentement et la présence de worker policing devraient garantir la fitness indirecte des ouvrières.

Enfin, nous montrons dans cette étude que les profils cuticulaires des individus pondeurs et non pondeurs diffèrent par la présence de quatre alcènes. L’accouplement ne modifie par le profil cuticulaire. Le profil des reines matures, très attractives vis-à-vis des ouvrières, est paradoxalement plus proche des individus non pondeurs. Néanmoins, le pentacosene présent uniquement chez les individus fertiles, pourrait être interprété comme un signal de fertilité par les ouvrières.

Dans cette étude, nous montrons que C. pygmaea bien que hautement polygyne possède plusieurs caractéristiques typiques des espèces monogynes. Sa stratégie de reproduction différenciée (la philopatrie des sexués et les essaimages) permet vraisemblablement à la fois la production massive d’ouvrières lors de la dilatation des colonies à la saison des pluies et la colonisation de territoires plus éloignés. La flexibilité de la gynie et de la polydomie de C. pygmaea contribueraient à une meilleure adaptation des colonies face aux saisons marquées du Nordeste brésilien/

Reproductive strategy is one of the main factors explaining eusociality and the ecological success of ants. In monogynous ants, independent foundation lead to high levels of relatedness between workers, ensuring their indiret fitness. Territoriality helps to maintain the social cohesion of the colony. In polygynous ants, nestmate recognition is generally less efficient, queens have lost the capability of solitary foundation and several maternal lineages lead to lower degrees of relatedness. Although highly polygynous, Crematogaster Pygmaea seems to share several biological traits with monogynous ants. These characteristics make this species a particularly interesting model to test several of the assumptions proposed to explain the origin and maintenance of polygyny in ants.

In the field, our results reveal that workers of this species are clearly aggressive towards non-nestmates. Populations of C. pygmaea are therefore multicolonial. Traditional Petri dish confrontations were insufficient to determine colonies’ degree of openness. Despite a simple cuticular hydrocarbon profile, alkenes and branched alkanes could be sufficient to support the colonial odor. Colonies of C. pygmaea consist of thousands of workers exchanged between different calies. Genetic and chemical data show that these exchanges contribute to the homogeneity and integrity of the colonies within populations.

Queen-worker dimorphism is pronounced in C. pygmaea and, in the laboratory, young mated queens are able to initiate a new colony by claustral foundation (in haplometrosis and pleometrosis). In the field, nuptial flights were noted at the beginning of the rain season and several young mated queens were observed digging the wet soil actively, confirming that solitary foundation is likely in this species. Swarming may occur over short distances, as suggested by the positive correlation between genetic and geographic distances among colonies.

Queens are able to follow chemical trails. Therefore, they could enter in established colonies. Nevertheless, since (i) workers are able to discriminate and kill foreign queens and (ii) relatedness is strong within colonies, adoption of foreign queens is probably rare. Genetic analysis rather suggest that colonies form family units in which the queens are recruited within a single generation and produce the workers of this generation.

Our results also show that workers are able to produce fertile males in the absence of queens. Despite this ability to reproduce, reproductive altruism in workers is probably maintain by high degree of relatedness between colony members and worker policing behaviours.

Our data show that cuticular lipid of non-fertile individuals (workers and winged virgin queens) differ from those of fertile ones by the presence of four alkenes. Mating does not alter the cuticular profile. Surprisingly, the cuticular lipid profile of mature queens is more similar to those of infertile individuals than to those of young egg-laying queens, although mature laying queens are twice as attractive as young laying queens. However, the relative proportion of one alkene (pentacosene) is clearly higher in mature queens than in their non-laying nestmates. It is therefore suggested that alkenes, and more particularly pentacosene, could be involved in fertility signalling but that queen attractiveness to workers could be released by other, non-cuticular compounds.

The biological traits of C. pygmaea have been interpreted in terms of adaptation to its environment characterized by sharply contrasting seasons. It is suggested that high number of related queens and polydomy ensure a rapid expansion of the colonies during the rainy season, allowing this species to exploit available resources with efficiency.

Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

7

Ribeiro, Corossacz Valeria. "Le corps de la nation : classification raciale et gestion sociale de la reproduction dans un hôpital public de Rio de Janeiro." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0138.

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La thèse propose une analyse de la reproduction comme lieu de l'identité nationale brésilienne, et se base sur une recherche sur le terrain dans deux hôpitaux publics de Rio de Janeiro. Deux aspects spécifiques sont traités: la classification raciale des nouveaux nés et des femmes dans le milieu médical, et la gestion sociale de la reproduction par rapport à la stérilisation féminine. La classification raciale et la stérilisation féminine représentent deux champs dans lesquels les acteurs sociaux établissent le lien entre individu et communauté par rapport au discours sur le Brésil comme communauté mélangée. La thèse examine la relation entre racisme et démocratie raciale, la dynamique entre discrimination des descendants africains et valorisation du métissage. On fait également une sociologie historique des catégories de race, métissage, nation et reproduction utilisées pour définir l'idée de communauté dans le processus de formation de l'identité nationale
The thesis examines reproduction as a site of Brazilian national identity. In particular it investigates the racial classification of new-borns and mothers in the medical environment and the social management of reproduction in reference to female sterilisation. The thesis explores the relationship between racism and racial democracy, and the dynamic between the discrimination of African descendants and the valorisation of métissage at the core of Brazilian national identity. Racial classification and female sterilisation are the sites where the link between individual and community is established by social actors in a discourse that refers to Brazil as a mixed community. This thesis is based on fieldwork in two public hospitals in the suburbs of Rio de Janeiro. It also includes a sociological history of the categories of race, métissage, nation and reproduction, used to define the idea of community in the process of national identity formation in Brazil

8

Krahn, Timothy. "Reflections on the Law and Ethics of Regulating Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis in the United Kingdom." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30172.

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The purpose of this thesis is to query the legitimacy of offering preimplantation genetic diagnostic (PGD) testing against Down's syndrome on the basis of United Kingdom (UK) law and policies. I will argue that extending PGD testing for Down’s syndrome as a permissible use of this technology does not (straightforwardly) adhere with the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) Code of Practice's stated factors which are to be considered when assessing the appropriateness of PGD applications. Indeed, due consideration of the evidence given in the relevant literature about the capacities and quality of life possible for persons living with Down's syndrome would seriously call into question the validity of a positive judgment recommending PGD as a treatment service for Down's syndrome according to the current UK regulatory instruments. I end the thesis by considering why the HFEA's relatively recent decision to limit client access according to an exclusive list of "serious" and therefore "in principle" test-worthy genetic conditions—understood as legitimate applications for PGD—stands to entrench prejudice, stigma, social bias, and unfair discrimination against the disadvantaged social group of persons living with Down's syndrome.

9

Ziegler, Barbara. "Die sprachliche Konzeptualisierung des Eigenen und des Fremden in den aktuellen Parteiprogrammen der SPD und der CDU : Eine linguistische Untersuchung." Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm University, Department of Baltic Languages, Finnish and German, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-26262.

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The present essay examines the linguisitc conceptualisation of otherness in the present party platforms of the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD, Social Democratic Party of Germany) and the Christliche Demokratische Union Deutschlands (CDU, Christian Democratic Union of Germany). The language and the textual structure of their party platforms is analysed, its function described and compared with each other by using representative text excerpts. The theoretical background of this study is grounded in cultural studies. The methodological framework consists of a combination of critical discourse analysis and textual analysis. Criterias of the linguistic analysis are: coherence (including implicit meanings, propositions and presuppositions), modality, thematic roles, deixis and pronouns and keywords.

The study shows that the Other is cleary conceptualized by using binary oppositions whereas those who are reperesented by we can not always be clearly identified. By using both objective and subjective modality authority and legitimacy are linguistically constructed by those who represent we. The analysis shows that stipulations and issues are mentioned which are supposed to be abided by the Others without being justified by those who represent we. Consequently the Other is excluded. Analysing both party platforms shows that the Other is subcategorized, too. Myths about the Others are confirmed by representing a stereotypical image of the Other through language. However there are differences in the linguistic conceptualization of alterity. The representatives of CDU speak out more explicitly on specific issues concerning the Other than representatives of SPD do. Consequently SPD’s statements concerning the Other are more implicit.

The study shows that meaning is created by language and that myths of the Other are reproduced in political discourse.

10

Del, Re Alisa. "Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente : Etat et rapports sociaux de sexe." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080745.

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Dans les annees trente sont adoptees en france toute une serie de lois liees a l'etablissement des garanties de reproduction des individus (assurances sociales, allocations familiales, lois de 1936, code de la famille). L'etat penetre dans la vie quotidienne du milieu ouvrier urbain pour garantir un certain mode de reproduction des individus. Ce systeme de controle implique un investissement dansun sujet social - les femmes - qui devient sujet politique en raison de son rapport historiquement determine avec la reproduction
Some laws brought into force in france in the thirties were designed to establish guarantees regarding reproduction (social insurances, family allowances, 1936 laws, code de la famille). The state penetrated the daily life of the urban working class to ensure that reproduction followed a certain pattern. This system of control called for investment in women, a social subject wich became a political subject because of its historically determined link with reproduction

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Книги з теми "Discrimination and reproduction":

1

Weldon-Johns, Michelle. Assisted Reproduction, Discrimination, and the Law. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465895.

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2

Lynch, Kathleen. The hidden curriculum: Reproduction in education, a reappraisal. London: Falmer Press, 1989.

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3

Coombe, Rosemary. Feminist perspectives on law: The legal regulation of reproduction. Toronto, Ont: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1992.

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4

Martin, Lauren Jade. Who is fit for motherhood?: Why abortion is not the only reproductive right. Portland, OR: the author, 1999.

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5

E, Roberts Dorothy. Killing the black body: Race, reproduction, and the meaning of liberty. New York: Vintage Books, 1999.

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6

E, Roberts Dorothy. Killing the black body: Race, reproduction, and the meaning of liberty. New York: Pantheon Books, 1997.

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7

Bullivant, Brian Milton. The ethnic encounter in the secondary school: Ethnocultural reproduction and resistance : theory and case studies. London: Falmer Press, 1987.

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8

Stenning, Alison. Domesticating neo-liberalism: Spaces of economic practice and social reproduction in post-socialist cities. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

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9

João Batista do Nascimento Filho. A dignidade da pessoa humana e a condição feminina: Um olhar sobre a descriminalização do aborto. Curitiba: Juruá Editora, 2013.

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10

Moghadam, Valentine M. The reproduction of gender inequality in Muslim societies: A case study of Iran in the 1980's. [East Lansing, Mich.]: Michigan State University, 1990.

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Частини книг з теми "Discrimination and reproduction":

1

Weldon-Johns, Michelle. "Introduction." In Assisted Reproduction, Discrimination, and the Law, 1–13. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465895-1.

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2

Weldon-Johns, Michelle. "Current conceptions of equality and the limitations for those involved in assisted reproduction." In Assisted Reproduction, Discrimination, and the Law, 14–43. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465895-2.

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3

Weldon-Johns, Michelle. "Conceiving a more social model of disability." In Assisted Reproduction, Discrimination, and the Law, 44–78. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465895-3.

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4

Weldon-Johns, Michelle. "Conceiving a new interpretation of pregnancy and sex discrimination." In Assisted Reproduction, Discrimination, and the Law, 79–103. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465895-4.

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5

Weldon-Johns, Michelle. "A right to time off work to undergo ART treatments." In Assisted Reproduction, Discrimination, and the Law, 104–19. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465895-5.

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6

Weldon-Johns, Michelle. "Conclusions." In Assisted Reproduction, Discrimination, and the Law, 120–24. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465895-6.

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7

Bossen, Laurel. "Reproduction and Property in Rural China: Development and Discrimination." In Critical Reflections on Development, 207–37. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230389052_12.

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8

Schüßler, Michael. "Conflicting Masculinities in Christianity: Experiences and Critical Reflections on Gender and Religion." In Pathways for Ecumenical and Interreligious Dialogue, 139–58. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56019-4_9.

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AbstractThe article discusses the challenges arising from an essentialist approach to masculinity as a stable category with a set of given, unchangeable characteristics developed in contrast to femininity. Such a hegemonic view is a stumbling block in the development of more diverse and inclusive environments, to which the Catholic Church contributes by its defense of “traditional” family, the ideal of clerical men or the discrimination of queer living. The text argues for recognition and normalization of diversity, instead of a continuous reproduction of toxic ideals of masculinity. In this sense, conflicting masculinities in church and theology could be a perspective of hope for transformation: Hegemonic masculinity no longer goes unchallenged, not even in Catholic Church.

9

Scheffer, Jörg. "Stratification, Socialisation and Space." In Mirrored Spaces, 9–51. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42793-1_2.

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AbstractThe social upheavals happening in Western countries through a drifting apart of society—creating a wealthy minority on the one hand and increasing insecurity on the other—carry a great potential for conflict especially when they seem to become structurally entrenched. Starting with the development and the causes of social inequality today, the process of social reproduction needs to be examined closely, the goal being a step-by-step comprehension of upward mobility in the internet age. To this end, the acquisition of knowledge and qualification (according to Pierre Bourdieu and Martina Löw, among others) must be put in the larger context of socialisation and its spatial contingency in order to be able to identify group-specific mechanisms of privilege and discrimination more thoroughly.

10

Sheaff, W. R. "Screening and Discriminating: Resource Implications of the New Technology." In Ethics in Reproductive Medicine, 133–44. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1895-4_13.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Discrimination and reproduction":

1

Khoshnoud, Shiva, Mohammad Nazari, and Mousa Shamsi. "Source-based Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis for Discrimination of ADHD Children in a Time Reproduction Paradigm." In 13th International Conference on Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008876700380048.

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2

Khoshnoud, Shiva, Mohammad Nazari, and Mousa Shamsi. "Source-based Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis for Discrimination of ADHD Children in a Time Reproduction Paradigm." In 13th International Conference on Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008876700002513.

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3

Rašević, Mirjana. "Reflections on the Past and Future of the ICPD Programme of Action in the UNECE Region." In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.7.

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In 1994, the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo In 1994, the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo produced the groundbreaking Programme of Action, adopted by 179 nations. This pivotal document highlighted the interconnectedness of population, development, and individual well-being. Emphasizing environmental sustainability, women's empowerment, and gender equality, it expanded the scope of family planning to encompass sexual and reproductive health and rights. Additionally, the Programme of Action went beyond a limited economic understanding of development, extending its scope to include the well-being and quality of life for both current and future generations. The United Nations subsequently incorporated many Programme of Action goals into the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The United Nations Commission on Population and Development is now reviewing the five-year implementation of the Programme of Action, with a new assessment slated for its thirtieth anniversary next year. The recent UNECE Regional Conference in Geneva, titled Population and Development: Ensuring Rights and Choices, played a crucial role in this process, providing insights into the Programme of Action's implementation in the broader European region. While overall improvements were noted, challenges persist, particularly in education, health, and the protection of vulnerable groups. Progress is still uneven across and within countries, adding complexity to the implementation landscape. Concerningly, multiple forms of inequality and discrimination continue to hinder individuals from realizing their full potential. The Regional Conference Report not only identifies these challenges but also offers proactive recommendations. Addressing declining fertility rates, an aging population, and demographic shifts in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, the report stresses the need for innovative approaches to bolster societies’ demographic resilience. Investing in human capital, dismantling barriers to unleash individual potential, and fostering inclusive societies are key strategies. The report emphasizes the importance of listening to people's needs and desires, presenting various good practices as examples. These recommendations hold significant relevance for policymakers in post-Yugoslav countries and beyond.

Звіти організацій з теми "Discrimination and reproduction":

1

Sun, Pu. Reproduction of 'A Note on Posttreatment Selection in Studying Racial Discrimination in Policing'. Social Science Reproduction Platform, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48152/ssrp-5snr-tq82.

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Sun, Pu. Reproduction of 'Sorting or Steering: The Effects of Housing Discrimination on Neighborhood Choice'. Social Science Reproduction Platform, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48152/ssrp-jtn0-dq40.

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Reproduction of 'Can Information Reduce Ethnic Discrimination? Evidence from Airbnb'. Social Science Reproduction Platform, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.48152/ssrp-yjrj-1d42.

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4

Reproduction of 'The Unequal Distribution of Opportunity: A National Audit Study of Bureaucratic Discrimination in Primary School Access'. Social Science Reproduction Platform, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.48152/ssrp-ep28-1y61.

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