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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Disasters"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Disasters"

1

Nia, S. P. S., U. Kulatunga, C. Udeaja, and S. Valadi. "IMPLEMENTING GIS TO IMPROVE HOSPITAL EFFICIENCY IN NATURAL DISASTERS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (March 6, 2018): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-369-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Over the past decades, the number of natural disasters has been growing around the world. In addition to damaging communities and infrastructures, unexpected disasters also affect service providers such as hospitals and health centers. Markedly, hospital safety from disasters is a challenge in all countries. With disaster damage to health systems resulting in human tragedy, huge economic losses, devastating blows to developmental goals, and shaken social confidence. Ensuring that hospitals and health facilities are safe and secure from disasters depend on implementing an appropriate method to mitigate adverse impacts on hospitals during incidents. Thus, disaster management becomes even more significant, as the health sector has been particularly vulnerable to damages.<br> So, it is crucial to develop appropriate mitigation and adoption method for healthcare facilities, to withstand the natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. A comprehensive disaster plan is required to ensure a prompt disaster response and coordinated management of a multi causality incident. The aim of this research is to systemically and critically review the importance of hospitals in disaster events and this research attempts to reach a basic understanding to mitigate the risk of disasters in hospitals and improve the continuity of health services during or after disaster events. For this study, secondary information was retrieved from the literature review and document review on sudden-onset natural disasters in different parts of the world was collected. This study found some challenges and deliverables for disaster managers that could mitigate the risk of a natural disaster’s impact on a hospital. Accordingly, this research will evaluate the importance of disaster management for hospitals and the challenges that need to be considered during the disaster response.</p>
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2

Shrestha, Buddhi Raj. "An Assessment of Disaster Loss and Damage in Nepal." Geographic Base 6 (October 27, 2019): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tgb.v6i0.26166.

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A disaster is a natural or manmade hazard resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life or drastic change to the environment. Due to diverse geographical coverage, Nepal is prone to various geological and hydro-meteorological hazards. This paper tries to show the types of disaster, losses and damages induced by disaster and analyze the trend and geographical distribution of disaster in Nepal. This study is based on the secondary data sources. Disaste r events data were collected from NSET and other government research papers, library etc. 26,665 events were reported during a 45 year and 43,868 people were died, 2,828 people were missing by disaster. Fire, flood landslide, accident and thunderstorms are major disasters in terms of occurrences and Earthquake, flood, and landslide are the major disasters in terms of damages and losses. The trend of disaster events is gradually increasing from the 1971 to 2000 but after 2000 the trend of disaster is drastically increasing to 2016. Annually 593 disaster events have occurred in Nepal. The data of impacts caused by the disasters also reveal that the estimated annual economic loss is increasing with the increasing frequency of disasters. The number of natural disasters as well as the number of corresponding casualties, injured and affected people, and economic loss is steadily on the rise. Tarai and Hilly districts are highly vulnerable than Mountain districts and Hill and Tarai region are most affected than Mountain region due different disaster in Nepal. The Tarai and some central hill districts are most vulnerable in terms of disasters occurrences. Among the seven provinces, province no 3 recorded the highest number of human deaths and disasters occurrences.
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Pan, Jian Ping, Jin Hua Tian, and Xiang Ping Liu. "Stability Analysis of Unstable Rock after Strong Earthquake." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.270.

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Body size of unstable rock and the impact scope of disasters are simply presented in Duba elementary school in Beichuan county, Sichuan, China. Based on the disaster’s nature, developmental history and characteristics of destruction, the law of disasters such as the movement mechanism, catastrophic failure modes, have been studied. The stability of post-earthquake unstable rock is analyzed and evaluated, and such the disaster prevention principles against unstable rock are advanced.
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Seddighi, Hamed, Sepideh Yousefzadeh, Mónica López López, and Homeira Sajjadi. "Preparing children for climate-related disasters." BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, no. 1 (October 2020): e000833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000833.

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Анотація:
Climate-related disasters affect different dimensions of children’s health and well-being both directly and indirectly. Reducing children’s vulnerability and exposure to climate-related disasters is crucial to protect them against risks. Children as climate-change agents and future leaders at local, national and international level can obviously contribute to reduce vulnerabilities in families and communities and transfer knowledge to them. Moreover, children can advocate for climate change mitigation. In the long term, participation of children in the climate change mitigation programmes may lead to fewer disasters and, consequently, less risk to their health.As government policies have failed to fully address and respond to the drivers of climate-related disasters, disasters preparedness and education for children should be considered an essential activity to protect children from disaster’s risks.Main factors in shaping children’s behaviour and response to disaster are increasing the risk perception and knowledge of the children. When a child perceived likelihood, susceptibility and severity of a disaster (such as earthquake), then they would be able and willing to learn how to prepare for that.So far, disaster education programmes for children have mostly relied on offline school-based training. Different innovative approaches can be applied to continue education within online and digital formats including virtual reality, digital games and online platforms. However, an advocacy support by influential entities such as companies engaged in entertainment industry is required to raise the awareness of public and particularly the children about disaster preparedness.
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Ingrassia, Pier Luigi, Luca Ragazzoni, Marco Tengattini, Luca Carenzo, and Francesco Della Corte. "Nationwide Program of Education for Undergraduates in the Field of Disaster Medicine: Development of a Core Curriculum Centered on Blended Learning and Simulation Tools." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 5 (August 22, 2014): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14000831.

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AbstractIn recent years, effective models of disaster medicine curricula for medical schools have been established. However, only a small percentage of medical schools worldwide have considered at least basic disaster medicine teaching in their study program. In Italy, disaster medicine has not yet been included in the medical school curriculum. Perceiving the lack of a specific course on disaster medicine, the Segretariato Italiano Studenti in Medicina (SISM) contacted the Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale in Medicina di Emergenza e dei Disastri ed Informatica applicata alla didattica e alla pratica Medica (CRIMEDIM) with a proposal for a nationwide program in this field. Seven modules (introduction to disaster medicine, prehospital disaster management, definition of triage, characteristics of hospital disaster plans, treatment of the health consequences of different disasters, psychosocial care, and presentation of past disasters) were developed using an e-learning platform and a 12-hour classroom session which involved problem-based learning (PBL) activities, table-top exercises, and a computerized simulation (Table 1). The modules were designed as a framework for a disaster medicine curriculum for undergraduates and covered the three main disciplines (clinical and psychosocial, public health, and emergency and risk management) of the core of “Disaster Health” according to the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM) international guidelines for disaster medicine education. From January 2011 through May 2013, 21 editions of the course were delivered to 21 different medical schools, and 524 students attended the course. The blended approach and the use of simulation tools were appreciated by all participants and successfully increased participants’ knowledge of disaster medicine and basic competencies in performing mass-casualty triage. This manuscript reports on the designing process and the initial outcomes with respect to learners' achievements and satisfaction of a 1-month educational course on the fundamentals of disaster medicine. This experience might represent a valid and innovative solution for a disaster medicine curriculum for medical students that is easily delivered by medical schools.Table 1List of Modules and TopicsModuleTopics1. Introduction to disaster medicine and public health during emergencies- Modern taxonomy of disaster and common disaster medicine definitions- Differences between disaster and emergency medicine- Principles of public health during disasters- Different phases of disaster management2. Prehospital disaster management- Mass-casualty disposition, treatment area, and transport issues- Disaster plans and command-and-control chain structure- Functional response roles3. Specific disaster medicine and triage procedures in the- Mass-casualty triage definitions and principlesmanagement of disasters- Different methodologies and protocols- Patient assessment, triage levels and tags4. Hospital disaster preparedness and response- Hospital disaster laws- Hospital preparedness plans for in-hospital and out-hospital disasters with an all-hazard approach- Medical management for a massive influx of casualties5. Health consequences of different disasters- Characteristics of different types of disasters- Health impact of natural and man-made disasters- Disaster-related injury after exposure to a different disasters with an all-hazard approach6. Psychosocial care- Techniques to deal with psychic reactions caused by exposure to disaster scenarios- Treatment approaches to acute and delayed critical incident stress reactions7. Presentation of past disasters and public health emergencies, andCase study:review of assistance experiences- Haiti earthquake- Cholera outbreaks in Haiti- National and international disaster response mechanismIngrassiaPL, RagazzoniL, TengattiniM, CarenzoL, Della CorteF. Nationwide program of education for undergraduates in the field of disaster medicine: development of a core curriculum centered on blended learning and simulation tools. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(5):1-8.
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Ferro, Giorgia. "Assessment of Major and Minor Events that Occurred in Italy during the Last Century Using a Disaster Severity Scale Score." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20, no. 5 (October 2005): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00002776.

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AbstractIntroduction:Epidemiological research about disasters is difficult to perform. Most often, it must be completed retrospectively, since data collection may not be feasible or possible during the disaster.Now, there is a recognized need for a standard method to assess the severity of a disaster.Objectives:The aim of this paper is to assess the severity of the disasters that occurred in Italy during the 20th century, using a Disaster Severity Scale (DSS). Another goal is to find a standard method for the classification of previous disasters, test the feasibility and reliability of the use of the Disaster Severity Scale, and improvedisaster management and planning.Methods:Data were obtained from formal reports of the Civil Defence Unit (Italy) and were used to calculate the Disaster Severity Scale score. Disasters were classified into major and minor disasters, according tothe numbers of deaths and severity of the damage. The number of deaths was compared with the obtained Disaster Severity Scale score. A seasonal trend for different types of events was obtained to assess if there is a relationship between the type of event and the time of the year in which it occurred, as related to the weather conditions existing at that time.Results:There were enough data to calculate a Disaster Severity Scale score for 26 major events that caused death and economic damage, and occurred in Italy between 18 March 1944 and 11 November 1999, and for 82 minor events, that occurred between October 1982 and December 1999. There were some significant peaks varying from different types of events during particular seasons, but the cause for those with the highest incidence is not clear. Events related to natural hazards were the only type of event that reached the highest Disaster Severity Scale when considering the number of deaths, while no events associated with man-made hazards had a Disaster Severity Scale score >8.Conclusion:The Disaster Severity Scale score could be a reliable index for the assessment of events related to either natural or man-made disasters. Use of the Disaster Severity Scale allows researchers to classify previous hazards by scoring each disaster's severity. Further studies in other countries could be useful to further validate the Disaster Severity Scale.
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Al-Hunaishi, Weiam, Victor CW Hoe, and Karuthan Chinna. "Factors associated with healthcare workers willingness to participate in disasters: a cross-sectional study in Sana’a, Yemen." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e030547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030547.

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Анотація:
ObjectivesWillingness to participate in disasters is usually overlooked and not addressed in disaster preparedness training courses to ensure health service coverage. This will lead to issues during the disaster’s response. This study, therefore, aims to assess healthcare workers willingness to participate in biological and natural disasters, and to identify its associated factors.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to 1093 healthcare workers. The data were analysed using multiple logistic regression with significance level p<0.05. Ethical clearance and consent of the participants were duly obtained.SettingIn three public hospitals that provide tertiary-level healthcare in Sana’a City, Yemen.ParticipantsThere were 692 nurses and doctors (response rate 63.3%) completed the questionnaires.ResultsAlmost half of the participants 55.1% were nurses and 44.9% were doctors. The study found that self-efficacy was associated with willingness to participate in disaster response for any type of disasters (OR 1.319, 95% CI 1.197 to 1.453), natural disasters (OR 1.143, 95% CI 1.069 to 1.221) and influenza pandemic (OR 1.114, 95% CI 1.050 to 1.182). The results further show that willingness is associated with healthcare workers being young, male and having higher educational qualifications.ConclusionSelf-efficacy has been found to be an important factor associated with willingness. Improving self-efficacy through training in disaster preparedness may increase willingness of healthcare workers to participate in a disaster.
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Caldera, H. Jithamala, and S. C. Wirasinghe. "A universal severity classification for natural disasters." Natural Hazards 111, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 1533–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-05106-9.

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AbstractThe magnitude of a disaster’s severity cannot be easily assessed because there is no global method that provides real magnitudes of natural disaster severity levels. Therefore, a new universal severity classification scheme for natural disasters is developed and is supported by data. This universal system looks at the severity of disasters based on the most influential impact factor and gives a rating from zero to ten: Zero indicates no impact and ten is a worldwide devastation. This universal system is for all types of natural disasters, from lightning strikes to super-volcanic eruptions and everything in between, that occur anywhere in the world at any time. This novel universal severity classification system measures, describes, compares, rates, ranks, and categorizes impacts of disasters quantitatively and qualitatively. The severity index is useful to diverse stakeholder groups, including policy makers, governments, responders, and civilians, by providing clear definitions that help convey the severity levels or severity potential of a disaster. Therefore, this universal system is expected to avoid inconsistencies and to connect severity metrics to generate a clear perception of the degree of an emergency; the system is also expected to improve mutual communication among stakeholder groups. Consequently, the proposed universal system will generate a common communication platform and improve understanding of disaster risk, which aligns with the priority of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. This research was completed prior to COVID-19, but the pandemic is briefly addressed in the discussion section.
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Киреев, V. Kireev, Гуменюк, V. Gumenyuk, Карнюшкин, A. Karnyushkin, Кармишин, A. Karmishin, Резничек та V. Reznichek. "General Integrated Representations оf Technogenic Accidents Danger Indicators". Safety in Technosphere 2, № 6 (25 грудня 2013): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2161.

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The questions of justification of total and integral spatial-temporal hazard indices related to industrial disasters are considered from the perspective of qualimetry. The problem definition about casual time of destruction effects occurrence on all square of disaster striking action is formulated. General integral solution of formulated task is given. It is shown, that general integral expressions related to total and integral spatial-temporal hazard indices of industrial disaster follow from this solution. Particular cases of disaster’s spatial-temporal indices are considered. For the first time the disaster’s integral temporal indices such as reduced time of injury effect occurrence and reduced time of retention of injury effect are proved. Practically relevant tasks, which have to be solved with the use of proved hazard indices of industrial disasters, are formulated so that the hazard can be reduced to the allowed (psychologically acceptable) level.
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Basaria, Areeba A. A., Areeba Ahsan, Abdullah Nadeem, Rabeea Tariq, and Nahid Raufi. "Infectious diseases following hydrometeorological disasters: current scenario, prevention, and control measures." Annals of Medicine & Surgery 85, no. 8 (July 7, 2023): 3778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000001056.

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Natural disasters are catastrophic occurrences that can seriously harm infrastructure, inflict property damage, and even result in fatalities. Water supply and sanitation systems can be disrupted in flooded areas, raising the risk of infectious diseases. It is advised that public health responders do a disease risk assessment of such a catastrophic event to ascertain the disaster’s consequences and the health requirements. This editorial provides an overview of the transmission of infectious illnesses after hydrometeorological disasters. It also discusses the effects of such catastrophes on individuals’ psychological and physical health who live in disaster-prone locations.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Disasters"

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Stover, Timothy V. "Myth, ritual and symbol in natural disasters and disaster management." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com.

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Davidson, Clayton Simmons. ""Natural Disasters"." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538761/.

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"Natural Disasters" is a cycle of five extractable movements for septet, conductor and computer. Each movement in the cycle is inspired by the ways that humans are affected by and respond to five different classes or categories of natural disasters: meteorological, such as hurricanes, tornados, and haboobs; geological, like earthquakes and landslides; hydrological, including flooding and sea level rise; wildfires; and extra-planetary disasters such as meteors and solar flares. The disaster types are used as overarching themes and also as sources for the organization of the movements and their surface details. This paper presents an overview of the conception and organization of cycle, the themes addressed in each movement and the compositional techniques used. The history of composers using weather or disaster-related themes in prior music is reviewed, and a survey of contemporary disaster-related compositions is presented.
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Fugate-Whitlock, Elizabeth. "Natural Disasters and Older Adults: The Social Construction of Disaster Planning." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2617.

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Examining older adults’ experiences with and response toward hurricanes within the context of the community of residence is key to both understanding their experiences and planning for future hurricanes. Specific to this research, the objective was to understand the current social network of older adults, or who provides care for whom under what circumstances, using the social constructionist perspective. Grounded theory combined with action research was the theoretical orientation guiding the study. Sources of data included the collection of household disaster plans, semi-structured interviews with older adult residents of housing authority neighborhoods, semi-structured interviews with community planners, and observation of community planning meetings. Data were gathered from older adults living in housing authority communities in Southeastern North Carolina using guidelines established by the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services to develop individual disaster plans. The individual disaster plans were completed during face to face meetings with the older adults, as were semi-structured interviews. Semi-structured interviews were also completed with area planners. Agendas, minutes, and observational notes from disaster planning meetings were collected. The content of the individual disaster plans, semi-structured interviews, and observation notes were then analyzed to determine gaps that must be addressed in order to meet the overall needs of the community. Working with participants, the housing authority disaster response committee, and county planners, a neighborhood plan will be developed that reflects the social construction of all concerned for use in response to future hurricanes. The impact of the multiple levels of communities was apparent in this research. While common thematic processes emerged in data analysis, planners, housing authority personnel and residents of housing communities define community differently. There is discordance when they identify needed resources, and when they reflect on past experience. A power differential which resulted in stifling was also observed.
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White, David Keith. "Learning From Disasters." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Management, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7440.

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Two projects are documented within this MEM Report: I. The first project examined what was learnt involving the critical infrastructure in the aftermath of natural disasters in the Canterbury region of New Zealand – the most prominent being the series of earthquakes between 2010 and 2011. The project identified several learning gaps, leading to recommendations for further investigations that could add significant value for the lifeline infrastructure community. II. Following the Lifeline Lesson Learnt Project, the Disaster Mitigation Guideline series was initiated with two booklets, one on Emergency Potable Water and a second on Emergency Sanitation. The key message from both projects is that we can and must learn from disasters. The projects described are part of the emergency management, and critical infrastructure learning cycles – presenting knowledge captured by others in a digestible format, enabling the lessons to be reapplied. Without these kinds of projects, there will be fewer opportunities to learn from other’s successes and failures when it comes to preparing for natural disasters.
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5

Darbutaité, Martina. "Architecture after disasters." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18389.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
Nesta tese investigamos a situação pós-guerra na cidade velha de Alepo para uma futura intervenção e aplicação da sustentabilidade respeitando a arquitectura tradicional do mundo Árabe. A pesquisa aponta-nos para as hipóteses de, recriar uma transformação do património urbano e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos habitantes da cidade, aplicando estratégias de sustentabilidade, mobilidade e qualidade de vida, isto, respeitando a religião local, a tradição e a volumetria urbana existente. A destruição provocada pela guerra e o conflito que se arrasta há anos pela Síria, talvez nos dê a nós arquitectos, uma oportunidade para ilustrar de maneira convincente soluções reais para a intervenção e resolução de situações problemáticas da população e da sociedade depois de um longo conflito permanente. O objectivo do projecto é propor um único equipamento que se integre suavemente no ambiente. Oferecendo modernidade, seguindo os princípios de sustentabilidade e baseando-se em valores tradicionais, vernaculares e culturais. A pesquisa foi dividida em três partes. A primeira parte teve como objectivo construir os fundamentos teóricos que representam os conceitos, reconstrução pós-desastre e a posição de sustentabilidade na arquitectura. A segunda parte foi dedicada à cidade velha de Alepo descrevendo propriedades geográficas, históricas e culturais, evolução do tecido urbano, arquitectura local e materiais. Além disso, contém a pré-introdução do tema do projecto final, representando o problema actual da educação e o ramo de equipamento escolhido. Por fim, a terceira parte foi dedicada à proposta final de projecto, analisada na escala do território e na escala do edifício.
ABSTRACT: This thesis is advocated to investigate post-war situation in Aleppo old town with potential of application of sustainability respecting traditional architecture in the Arab World. This research points us towards the hypotheses of re-creating an urban heritage transformation and improving the quality of life for the inhabitants of the city with an indication of sustainability, mobility and quality of life respecting local religion, tradition and existing urban volumetry. The war destruction and the conflict that has dragged on for years in Syria, perhaps gave us architects, an opportunity to illustrate in a convincing way a realistic solutions in the intervention of solving the problematic situation of the people and it is society after a long-standing conflict. The goal of the project is to propose an equipment unit which would smoothly integrate into the environment. Offering modernity which follows sustainability principles and based on traditional, vernacular and cultural values. The research was divided into three parts. The first part aimed to build the theoretical background representing post-disaster reconstruction and position of sustainability in architecture. The second part was dedicated to represent Aleppo old town describing geographical properties, history and culture, urban fabric evolution, local architecture and materials. In addition this part contains the pre-introduction of final project theme by representing current problem of education and chosen branch of equipment. The third part was dedicated to the final project proposal, analysed at the scale of the territory and the scale of the building.
N/A
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Lee, Dalbyul. "The impact of natural disasters on neighborhood change:longitudinal data analysis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50113.

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This dissertation seeks to explore the association between natural disasters and neighborhood change and further to examine the differential impact of natural disasters on neighborhood change according to the disaster itself, the rehabilitation efforts of local jurisdictions, and the characteristics of the affected neighborhoods. Using the longitudinal model, it examines the shifts in neighborhood change trajectory before and after natural disaster for three indicators (home values, poverty rate and racial diversity). The results find that natural disasters have a significant impact on the trend of neighborhood change, reducing variation in the indicators within neighborhood. Home values and racial diversity of neighborhoods are likely to immediately decrease after natural disasters but not to shift in subsequent rate of change,while poverty rates are likely to instantly increase in the aftermath of the disasters and to annually decline over time. This dissertation also explores the differential effects on neighborhood change according to intensity of natural disaster, neighborhoods? average income and the location. The results of the analyses are like the following: 1) the neighborhoods which the more intense disasters hit are more likely to experience the rapid decline in home values and an instant increase in their poverty rates than those which the less intense disaster hit. On the other hand, the more intense natural disasters are more likely to increase neighborhoods? racial diversity than the less intense natural disasters, while natural disasters themselves are likely to decrease it. 2) natural disasters might have the more adverse impacts on low- and high-income neighborhoods than moderate-income neighborhoods and that the impacts on low-income neighborhoods are most severe. More importantly, the adverse impacts in low-income neighborhoods might be long lasting. 3)neighborhoods in suburban areas, compared to neighborhoods in the central cities, are likely to decrease in their home values after natural disasters and to increase in their poverty rates. Finally, the findings of this dissertation confirms its main arguments that a natural disaster affects the trend of neighborhood change and intervenes in the path of change over time and that natural disasters differentially shift neighborhoods according to their characteristics. Further it suggests that these neighborhood changes, once accelerated by a natural disaster, further polarize residential populations on a metropolitan neighborhood scale.
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Blackburn, Nerina June. "Psychologists' perceived influences of early strategies on the psychosocial response to those affected by disasters." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1416.

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Currently some confusion exists as to how health professionals should best respond to the psychological needs of those affected by disasters. Some have argued that early psychological intervention is essential and others have argued that early formal psychological interventions have no useful role in post trauma response. This study highlights the importance of considering both counselling and non-counselling factors as potentially influencing the psychosocial response of disaster victims. Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is not the only mental disorder that can develop as a result of exposure to disasters, it is probably the most frequent and debilitating psychological disorder associated with traumatic stress. In this exploratorydescriptive study the researcher aimed to explore and describe psychologists’ perceived influences of early strategies on the psychosocial response to those affected by disaster. The researcher used non-probability snowball sampling to access participants. The sample consisted of 5 participants. Semi structured interviews were conducted. Content analysis was used to analyse the data obtained from interviews. Results that emerged from the data suggest that there are many factors that influence the psychosocial response to those affected by disasters. These factors include the screening process, needs of survivors, the method of choice for treatment, the timing of intervention, pharmacology, the South African context, training and planning. The study makes a contribution to the growing knowledge of early strategies in response to those affected by disasters.
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Garber, Nikola Marie. "Natural disasters in international affairs formulating reconstruction planning in NOAA /." [Hattiesburg, MS : The University of Southern Mississippi], 2004. http://www.usm.edu/international/files/Garber-FullDissertation.pdf.

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McCall, Valerie M. "Designing and prepositioning humanitarian assistance pack-up kits (HA PUKs) to support Pacific fleet emergency relief operations." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FMcCall.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Gerald G. Brown. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-95). Also available in print.
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Tean, Ee Shen. "Optimized positioning of pre-disaster relief force and assets." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FTean.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Javier Salmeron. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-38). Also available in print.
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Книги з теми "Disasters"

1

Turner, Barry A. Man-made disasters. 2nd ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.

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Murray, Toby. Bibliography on disasters, disaster preparedness and disaster recovery. [Tulsa, Okla.?: University of Tulsa?], 1987.

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Murray, Toby. Bibliography on disasters, disaster preparedness and disaster recovery. [Tulsa, Okla: University of Tulsa], 1990.

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Haerens, Margaret, and Lynn M. Zott. Natural disasters. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013.

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5

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. World disasters report. Geneva: Nijhoff., 1993.

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6

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. World disasters report. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Nijhoff, 1994.

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7

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. World disasters report. Dordrecht: Nijhoff, 1995.

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8

Forty, Sandra. Disasters. Hoo: Grange, 2005.

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9

Halley, Ned. Disasters. New York: Kingfisher, 1999.

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Halley, Ned. Disasters. New York: Kingfisher, 1999.

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Частини книг з теми "Disasters"

1

Levi, Liliana López. "Disasters and Disaster Prevention." In Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural School Psychology, 375–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71799-9_133.

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Karácsonyi, Dávid, and Andrew Taylor. "Introduction: Conceptualising the Demography of Disasters." In The Demography of Disasters, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49920-4_1.

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Abstract Understanding and documenting intersects between disasters and human demographic change is an emerging academic field. Both the study of disasters and demographic issues are broad constructs in their own rights. While it may seem obvious to link the two, as we have in this book, disasters can impact on populations and population change in multifarious, obtuse and complex ways. Our aim in this book is to extend the nascent work to improve disaster policy and planning processes through enhancing knowledge about the demography-disaster nexus. In this chapter, we overview contemporary debates and paradigm shifts within the field of disaster studies to provide conceptual links between these and the field of demography. To conclude, we outline the topics and case studies which form the basis for individual chapters in this book.
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Stewart, Ian. "Disasters." In Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, 175–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_88.

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O’Mathúna, Dónal P. "Disasters." In Handbook of Global Bioethics, 619–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2512-6_107.

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O’Mathúna, Dónal P. "Disasters." In Encyclopedia of Global Bioethics, 884–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09483-0_142.

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O’Mathúna, Dónal P. "Disasters." In Encyclopedia of Global Bioethics, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05544-2_142-1.

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Ensor, Marisa O. "Disasters." In Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health, 551–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_211.

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Glittenberg, Jody. "Disasters." In Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology, 155–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-29905-x_17.

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Murphy, Raymond. "Disasters." In Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance, 66–67. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367816681-27.

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Larkham, Peter J. "Disasters." In The Routledge Handbook of Planning History, 428–40. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315718996-33.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Disasters"

1

Kumar, Rahul, Dr Suman Sharma, and Hima Saxena. "DISASTER GUARD AI: A SYNERGISTIC SOLUTION FOR INTELLIGENT DISASTER MANAGEMENT." In Computing for Sustainable Innovation: Shaping Tomorrow’s World. Innovative Research Publication, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/csistw.2024.12.1.21.

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Disaster Guard AI is a novel and synergistic approach to intelligent disaster management, combining advanced artificial intelligence, advanced sensor networks, and real-time data analytics. This innovative solution aims to revolutionize the way we prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. As the frequency and intensity of natural disasters continue to rise, there is an urgent need for advanced technologies to enhance disaster response and mitigation strategies. Disaster Guard AI combines machine learning algorithms, real-time data analytics, and advanced sensor networks to provide a comprehensive and adaptive approach to disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. The paper presents the conceptual framework, architecture, and potential applications of Disaster Guard AI, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize the way we approach disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. The escalating frequency and intensity of natural disasters have underscored the pressing need for advanced technologies to enhance disaster management strategies. By combining advanced machine learning algorithms, real-time data analytics, and state-of-the-art sensor networks, Disaster Guard AI aims to mitigate the impact of disasters and improve overall response efficiency. In conclusion, Disaster Guard AI is a pioneering solution that combines the power of AI, machine learning, and sensor technologies to revolutionize disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. Its potential to enhance resilience and mitigate the devastating impacts of various types of disasters underscores the urgent need for advanced and intelligent disaster management solutions.
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Martins Razera, Tatiele, Matheus Dos Santos, and Ademir Camillo Junior. "Rain Alert - Mapeamento de Desastres Naturais." In Computer on the Beach. Itajaí: Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/cotb.v13.p302-303.

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Natural disasters, such as floods, floods and inundations, arefrequent in Brazil, and it is important to know the placesthat experience these disasters. In this context, this work ispresented, which proposes an application, with which it willbe possible to make disaster markings and visualize on themap the disasters according to the region of interest of theuser, thus making it possible to avoid risk areas and promotepreventive planning of occurrence control.
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Arghius, Viorel, Horatiu Stefanie, Octavian Liviu Muntean, Nicolae Baciu, and Corina Arghius. "ANALYSIS OF HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL DISASTERS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES IN THE PERIOD 2000-2021." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/4.1/s19.33.

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Over time, hydro-meteorological disasters, also called weather and/or climate-related disasters have recorded the highest occurrence of natural disasters, not only in European Union (EU) countries, but also worldwide, causing a total of most damage and life losses. Using available updated EM-DAT international disaster database, this study aim to provide the results derived from the analysis of the weather and climate-related disaster at EU countries level. Countries and disaster type disparities in terms of frequency, distribution, mortality and economic losses are highlighted. Since the reported losses have a certain amount of uncertainty, or are missing for some events, only the relevant disasters that resulted in at least ten people death and/or 10 million US$ have been assessed in this study. The EU countries population and GDP/capita time-series data were collected from the statistical database of European Environmental Agency (EEA). Between 2000 and 2021, EM-DAT reported 225 relevant natural disasters in EU countries, causing 86,390 deaths and total estimated direct damages of 186 billion US$. Among all these disasters those triggered by floods prove to be the most prevalent (40 %), followed by storms (28 %). In terms of mortality, most of the killed people were caused by heat waves, with a total of 81,673 registered deaths. Focusing on direct economic losses, floods provide more than half of the damages recorded so far, accounting 59.2 % of losses. Average annual economic losses in EU countries were around 8.5 billion US$, while the average losses per capita were almost 400 US$, which means an average annual loss of about 18 US$ per capita. During this period, no relevant trend was found for the variables analysed.
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Pasquini, Rafael, Rodrigo S. Miani, Paulo R. Coelho, Augusto V. Neto, Nicolás Hidalgo, Martín Gutiérrez, Erika Rosas, Javier Baliosian, and Eduardo Grampín. "ADMITS: Architecting Distributed Monitoring and Analytics in IoT-based Disaster Scenarios." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Ubíqua e Pervasiva. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcup.2020.11207.

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The ADMITS project aims to develop algorithms, protocols and architectures to enable a distributed computing environment to provide support for monitoring, failure detection, and analytics in IoT disaster scenarios. We face a context where, every year, millions of people are affected by natural and man-made disasters, whereby governments all around the world spend huge amounts of resources on preparation, immediate response, and reconstruction. Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has been extensively used for efficiently managing disaster scenarios, such as volcanic disasters, floods, forest fire, land- slides, earthquakes, urban disasters, industrial and terrorists attacks, and so on. However, in a disaster scenario the communication/processing infrastructure and the devices themselves may fail, producing either temporary or permanent network partitions and loss of information. Moreover, it is expected that in the years to come, IoT will generate large amounts of data, making processing and analysis challenging in time-critical applications. Considering such challenges, ADMITS targets the development of a architecture in which IoT, Fog, and Cloud computing technologies participate to provide required capabilities for IoT data analytics, real-time stream processing, and failure monitoring for environments potentially subject to disasters. In this positional paper, we discuss the motivation, objectives, architecture, research challenges (and how to overcome them) and initial efforts for the ADMITS project.
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Yuta, Nagae, Takeo Kondo, Kazukiyo Yamamoto, and Hasikawa Takasi. "Study of the Measures Manual for Natural Disasters in a Marina." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57297.

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Currently, natural disaster management at marinas depends on the experience of the marina managers. To improve the safety of marinas, it is necessary to prepare a manual for natural disaster management according to the local conditions at each marina. In this study, we focused on the basic information required for preparing effective manuals to deal with typhoons and tidal waves. We investigated the damage caused by typhoons and tidal waves, and the measures taken by marinas against natural disasters. The damage caused by natural disasters strongly depends on the storage system and shape of the marina.
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Dharmadasa, K. H. K., U. Kulatunga, M. Thayaparan, and K. P. Keraminiyage. "Review on the importance of capacity building for enhancing disaster resilience through the effective utilisation of resources." In World Construction Symposium - 2023. Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.74.

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Considering the increase in catastrophic events, resilience is now a widely accepted concept. Building resilience among the physical structures, infrastructure, and communities has become a necessity to improve the capacity to face future disasters. Effective utilisation of resources is one of the possible ways of building capacity within communities with the perception of enhancing resilience to future disasters. Therefore, identifying the correlation between resilience, capacity building, and resource utilisation is highly important to face future calamities. The resources required for enhancing disaster resilience vary depending on the type of disaster and the area affected by the disaster. Hence, resource constraints have been acknowledged as a factor in the ongoing failure of numerous recovery efforts. As such, capacity must be developed by utilising the resources effectively to address the deficiencies in resilience levels. Thus, a narrative literature review was carried out to establish the resource requirement in terms of capacity building to form disaster resilience. As the outcome of this comprehensive review, a conceptual framework was developed to support future decision-making processes with regard to disaster resilience. As per the findings, resource requirements exist in different forms such as infrastructure, institutional, economic, social, and environmental, and addressing them collectively, one after the other will enhance the resilience to future disasters in a considerable manner.
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Radaković, Jelena Andreja, Dragana Makajić-Nikolić, Nataša Petrović, Marko Ćirović, and Nemanja Milenković. "Challenges Of Disaster Risk Reduction Knowledge: The Case Study of Floods." In Society’s Challenges for Organizational Opportunities: Conference Proceedings. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2022.60.

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In the last 50 years of human development, waterrelated hazards have been dominating among the disasters, that have caused both human casualties and economic damage. Floods are among the top ten worst types of natural disasters, positioning on an unenviable third place, when taking in account, above all, the number of human lives that have been lost. Unfortunately, forecasts show that the negative trend of flood impact will continue to grow, mainly as a result of climate change, population growth and economic development. For these reasons, the need for implementing Disaster Risk Reduction has been recognized globally as a way to reduce the risk and impact of all natural disasters, including floods. On top of this, the need to include education in this area is also recognized, especially in the field of knowledge-based decision-making process. When it comes to Disaster Risk Reduction knowledge, it should be noted that despite the efforts related to the wider implementation of this type of education, practice shows that it is still been poorly represented at all necessary levels of formal and non-formal education, although in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 precisely emphasizes the critical role of knowledge in Disaster Risk Reduction.
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Kyutoku, Yasushi, Mitsuru Yamashina, Masayoshi Tanishita, Hidetsugu Nanba, Satoshi Fukuda, and Hiroko Shoji. "Depth of information processing rather than its content affects proactive behavioral intentions towards risk." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002990.

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Increasing incidences of climate-change-related extreme weather is known to cause risk perception and anxiety. When these psychological reactions lead to proactive behaviors such as an intention to purchase a disaster insurance policy, the psychological reactions are regarded as adaptive. According to the deficit model, information contents should strongly affect psychological reactions and proactive behaviors. However, the causal model postulates that the processing depth of information should affect psychological reactions and proactive behaviors. These models led to an examination of the deficit model in Study 1 and of the causal model in Study 2. In Study 1, 505 participants, who did not have disaster insurance at the time of the study, were randomly assigned to either the informative or less informative condition. Then, they responded to an online questionnaire which included items for demographics, risk perceptions regarding climate-change-related disasters, efficacy in dealing with climate-change-related disasters, anxiety about climate-related disasters, absence of worry about a climate-related disasters, and intention to buy disaster insurance. The results revealed no significant difference between the informative and less informative conditions, implying that the deficit model was not supported. In Study 2, 445 participants, who did not have disaster insurance at the time, were randomly assigned to shallower or deeper processing conditions, and all participants responded to the same questionnaires used in Study 1. The results indicated that risk perception and insurance purchase intentions were higher in the deeper processing condition, implying that the deficit model is partially supported. Taken together, manipulating the manner in which information is processed can be an effective way to promote proactive behavior.
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Mohammed, Amir, Craig Ramlal, Arvind Singh, Sean Rocke, and Daniel Goitia. "A SIMULATION FRAMEWORK FOR CONTROLLED CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SUBJECT TO NATURAL DISASTERS." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/fzep7016.

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Natural disasters are inherently unpredictable and can cause major damage to critical infrastructures in cities and loss of life. In this study, a simulation and control framework was developed for evaluating response decisions for natural disaster scenarios with the objective of minimizing the casualties generated from within the simulation. The package was developed in MATLAB Simulink using the infrastructure interdependencies simulator (I2Sim) with a test system of six small residences, one large residence, two health centres, one large hospital, three water pumps of varying capacities and one energy production cell. The research focused on the development of heuristic controllers to evaluate the best possible outcome given the disaster scenario simulated to affect critical infrastructure. Response decisions were generated for 625 unique scenarios, this information once grouped, can be used to inform response policies after natural disasters.
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Dahi-Taleghani, Negar, and Mayank Tyagi. "Economic Effects of Multiple Disasters in the Gulf of Mexico." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42204.

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With the recent exploration/discovery of deep-water reservoirs andcontinued developments of drilling and production, it remains very important to have a comprehensive and quantitative risk assessment ofthe drilling/production processes including effective response to deal with such disasters. What measures must be taken to recover from the disaster scenario of a hurricane impacting the same region in the aftermath of an oil spill? The Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the largest marine oil spill in history, was caused by an explosion on a semi-submersible drilling rig about 50 miles southeast of the Mississippi River delta on April 20, 2010. Catastrophic events such as oil spills have enormous impact for the local economy of the area and even for the local labor markets. Another regional disaster, Hurricane Katrina impacted Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, as it ripped over the core of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) producing zone, one of the important oil and gas production areas of the worldin 2005. Also, if acatastrophic disaster occurs and the emergency response supply chain is not adequately prepared, then the economic consequences of sucheventcan be huge. Whenever a disaster happens, another reaction to this event that should be considered is resiliency. It is the ability to reduce or remove potential losses due to disaster events. The impact of different shocks on various aspects of a state’s economic performance is estimated using a Vector Autoregressive model (VAR). In this study, the dynamic response of a variety of industrial sectors in Louisiana to each of these disasters is considered. The responses of different impulses in this model are shown to demonstrate the interdependence of various time series data.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Disasters"

1

Brouillette, Greg A. C41SR and Urban Disasters Disaster Response & Recovery Tools. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1321614.

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Muscato, Shane P., and Joey P. Sullivan. Death, Taxes, and Disasters: AFSOF's Utility in Disaster Response. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1009171.

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Noy, Ilan, and Eduardo A. Cavallo. The Economics of Natural Disasters: A Survey. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010924.

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Natural disasters are by no means new, yet the evolving understanding of their relevance to economic development and growth is still in its infancy. This paper summarizes the state of the economic literature examining the aggregate impact of disasters. The paper reviews the main disaster data sources available, discusses the determinants of the direct effects of disasters, and distinguishes between short- and long-run indirect effects. The paper then examines some of the relevant policy questions and follows up with projections about the likelihood of future disasters. The paper ends by identifying several significant gaps in the literature.
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4

Coletta, Nat J. Human-Driven Disasters: Violent Conflict, Terrorism and Technology. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008815.

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The intended goal of this paper is to expand the IDB's current disaster policy in the area of human-driven disasters. This paper explores and expands on the definition and scope of "human-driven" disasters in order to strengthen the policy in its present area of "unexpected" disasters. This paper also discusses risk management financing instruments and provides recommendations on delivery mechanisms and systems and coverage and costs.
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Ashwill, Maximillian, and Lourdes Alvarez Prado. Background Paper: Disaster Risk Reduction. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009225.

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The frequency of natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, and earthquakes, is increasing in LAC as in the rest of the world. During the 1960s and 1970s, fewer than 20 disasters occurred per year, while during the 2000s the average increased to 50 disasters per year.This sector study describes the state of natural disaster risk in the Region. It looks at LAC's progress in reducing disaster risk and examines the major challenges that it still confronts. OVE also describes and analyzes the IDB's Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change strategies, the DRM portfolio and assesses its DRM work.
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Vela, Mauricio A., and Sebastián J. Miller. Is Disaster Risk Reduction Spending Driven by the Occurrence of Natural Disasters? Evidence from Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011629.

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This paper studies the allocation of total disaster risk reduction public spending among regions in Peru. The main objective of this work is to identify the main determinants of the distribution of these resources, and for this purpose an index of historical physical impacts of natural disasters, social vulnerability, and institutional capacity was created. It is found that historical impacts of climatological disasters are positively correlated with the per capita amount received by region in order to prevent future natural disasters. Impacts of geological disaster, on the other hand, affect the amount of executed and budgeted resources used to cope with the effects of past disasters. The prevention expenditure is mainly driven by climatological effects on the agriculture sector. Additionally, results confirm that higher social vulnerability is a main determinant of the distribution of prevention spending but conditioned on being affected by climatological disasters. Institutional capacity seems to define only the amount of recovery expenditure, positively for regions more seriously affected by geological disasters and negatively for regions devastated by climatological disasters.
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Funderburk, Brianna, and Lucas J. Misera. The Impact of Natural Disasters on Small Businesses. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55350/sbcs-20221115.

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The 2021 Small Business Credit Survey (SBCS) found that 1 in 10 small employer businesses suffered losses from a natural disaster during the prior 12 months. According to the National Centers for Environmental Information, the United States experienced 20 billion-dollar natural disasters in 2021, making it one of the costliest years in recent history. Major events included Hurricane Ida, the historic cold wave in Texas and other southern states, and the destructive wildfire season in the West. To more deeply explore the impact of these and other natural disasters on small businesses, the SBCS includes a module of natural disaster-related questions for affected firms. This fact sheet outlines some of the major findings from the 2021 SBCS for employer firms with respect to natural disaster impact.
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Barro, Robert, and José Ursua. Rare Macroeconomic Disasters. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17328.

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Charvériat, Céline. Natural Disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Overview of Risk. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010938.

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This paper integrates information from both economics and the physical sciences to survey the effects of natural disasters in the region. A first section surveys the human and economic impact of natural disasters in the region at both the household and aggregate levels, noting both the geographical distribution of disaster risk and its long-term implications for development. A second section reviews types of disasters prevalent in the region, and future disaster risks, as well as the socio-economic sources of vulnerability to disasters resulting from development and migration patterns. A third section discusses risk management strategies at the household and community level, with public policy options and proposals for emergency response and finding an appropriate mix of local, national and market-based solutions.
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Noy, Ilan, Oscar Becerra, and Eduardo A. Cavallo. Foreign Aid in the Aftermath of Large Natural Disasters. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011405.

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This paper examines Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the aftermath of large natural disasters between 1970 and 2008. Using an event-study approach, the paper finds that while the median increase in ODA is 18 percent compared to pre-disaster flows, the typical surge is small in relation to the size of the affected economies. Moreover, aid surges typically cover only 3 percent of the total estimated economic damages caused by the disasters. The main determinants of post-disaster aid surges are found to be the intensity of the event itself and the recipient country's characteristics such as level of development, country size and stock of foreign reserves. The paper does not find evidence that political considerations or strategic behavior on the part of donors determine the size of post-disaster aid surges.
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