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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Dioll"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 28 вересня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Dioll"

Grobelny, Zbigniew, Justyna Jurek-Suliga, and Sylwia Golba. "Application of Monopotassium Dipropylene Glycoxide for Homopolymerization and Copolymerization of Monosubstituted Oxiranes: Characterization of Synthesized Macrodiols by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry." Polymers 12, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 2795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122795.

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Monopotassium dipropylene glycoxide, activated by a 18-crown-6 cation complexing agent (K-DPG/L, where DPG (dipropylene glycol) is a mixture of isomers) was used as an effective initiator of the homopolymerization and copolymerization of several monosubstituted oxiranes, i.e., propylene oxide (PO), 1.2-butylene oxide (BO), and some glycidyl ethers such as allyl, isopropyl, phenyl, and benzyl ones (AGE, IPGE, PGE, and BGE, respectively). The copolymers are novel and can be prospectively used for the fabrication of new thermoplastic or crosslinked polyurethanes. All processes were carried out in homogeneous mild conditions, i.e., tetrahydrofuran solution at room temperature and normal pressure. They resulted in new unimodal macrodiols with Mn = Mcalc in the range of 1500–8300, low dispersity Mw/Mn = 1.08–1.18 and a chemical structure well defined by several techniques, i.e., MALDI-TOF, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), 13C NMR, and FTIR. Monopotassium salts of homopolyether-diols, i.e., PPO-diol, PBO-diol, and PAGE-diol, appeared to be useful macroinitiators for the preparation of new triblock copolyether-diols by polymerization of glycidyl ethers. In BO/BGE random copolymerization initiated with K-DPG/L, macromolecules of copolyether-diol were exclusively formed. Macromolecules of copolyether-diol accompanied by homopolyether PPO-diol were identified in the PO/PGE system. However, AGE and PGE reacted by giving random copolyether-diol as well as homopolymer-diols, i.e., PAGE-diol and PPGE-diol. Macromolecules of prepared copolyether-diols contain various numbers of mers deriving from comonomers; the kind of comonomer determines the composition of the product. Several prepared homopolyether-diols and copolyether-diols could be useful for the synthesis of new thermoplastic polyurethanes.

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Wu, Tong, Yumei Liu, Jinsheng Liu, Zhenya Chen, and Yi-Xin Huo. "Metabolic Engineering and Regulation of Diol Biosynthesis from Renewable Biomass in Escherichia coli." Biomolecules 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12050715.

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As bulk chemicals, diols have wide applications in many fields, such as clothing, biofuels, food, surfactant and cosmetics. The traditional chemical synthesis of diols consumes numerous non-renewable energy resources and leads to environmental pollution. Green biosynthesis has emerged as an alternative method to produce diols. Escherichia coli as an ideal microbial factory has been engineered to biosynthesize diols from carbon sources. Here, we comprehensively summarized the biosynthetic pathways of diols from renewable biomass in E. coli and discussed the metabolic-engineering strategies that could enhance the production of diols, including the optimization of biosynthetic pathways, improvement of cofactor supplementation, and reprogramming of the metabolic network. We then investigated the dynamic regulation by multiple control modules to balance the growth and production, so as to direct carbon sources for diol production. Finally, we proposed the challenges in the diol-biosynthesis process and suggested some potential methods to improve the diol-producing ability of the host.

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Vaughan, GT, and BV Milborrow. "The Occurrence and Metabolism of the 1',4'-Diols of Abscisic Acid." Functional Plant Biology 14, no. 5 (1987): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9870593.

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The 1',4'-cis- and the 1',4'-trans-diols of abscisic acid (ABA) were produced when R,S-[2-14C]ABA was supplied to avocado fruit and broad bean shoots. The trans-diol was also a metabolite of R,S-ABA in peas but not in tomatoes. The diols were derived from both R- and S-ABA with the R- enantiomer predominating. The 1',4'-cis- and 1',4'-trans-diol were found to be endogenous constituents of avocado (14.5 ng/g and 93 ng/g respectively) and the trans-diol was found in pea shoots (5.2 ng/g). At low concentrations, exogenous 1',4'-cis- and 1',4'-trans-diols were metabolised by tomatoes, mainly to dihydrophaseic acid-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. As the concentrations of the diols supplied to tomato shoots increased, a greater proportion was conjugated to form their 4'-glucosides and glucose esters. When the 1',4'-[2-14C, 4'-2H]trans-diol of ABA was supplied to tomato shoots the deuterium atom was lost from the 4'- position during conversion into the 4'-glucoside of DPA. This suggests that the trans-diol is converted into DPA via enzymic oxidation to ABA.

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Versteegh, Gerard J. M., Karin A. F. Zonneveld, Jens Hefter, Oscar E. Romero, Gerhard Fischer, and Gesine Mollenhauer. "Performance of temperature and productivity proxies based on long-chain alkane-1, mid-chain diols at test: a 5-year sediment trap record from the Mauritanian upwelling." Biogeosciences 19, no. 5 (March 18, 2022): 1587–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1587-2022.

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Abstract. Proxies based on long-chain alkane-1, mid-chain diols (diol for short) are obtaining increasing interest to reconstruct past upper ocean temperature and productivity. Here we evaluate performance of the sea surface temperature proxies (long-chain diol index (LDI), diol saturation index (DSI), and diol chain length index (DCI)), productivity and upwelling intensity proxies (two diol indices DIR and DIW and the combined diol index (CDI)), and the nutrient diol index (NDI) as a proxy for phosphate and nitrate levels. This evaluation is based on comparison of the diols in sediment trap samples from the upwelling region off NW Africa collected at 1.28 km water depth with daily satellite-derived sea surface temperatures (SSTs), subsurface temperatures, productivity, the plankton composition from the trap location, monthly phosphate and nitrate concentrations, wind speed, and wind direction from the nearby Nouadhibou airport. The diol-based SST reconstructions are also compared the long-chain-alkenone-based SST reconstructions. The alkenone SSTs correlate best with satellite SST (r2= 0.60). Amplitude and absolute values agree very well as do the flux-corrected time series averages. For the diol proxies the situation is more complicated. Diol proxies including 1,14 diols lag trade wind speed by 30 d. Since wind is nearly always from the NNE to NNW and induces the upwelling, we relate the variability in these proxies to upwelling-induced processes. Correlation with the abundance of upwelling species and wind speed is best for the NDI and the 1,14 diol-based DCI and DSI. The DIR, DIW, and CDI perform comparatively poorly. A negative correlation between DSI and wind speed may suggest that the DSI reflects wind-speed-forced upwelling-related reductions in temperature rather than irradiation-induced temperatures. The nutrient proxy NDI shows no significant correlation to monthly phosphate and nitrate concentrations in the upper waters and a negative correlation with both wind-induced upwelling (r2=0.28 and lagging 32 d) and the abundance of upwelling species (r2=0.38). It is suggested that this proxy reflects upwelling intensity rather than upper ocean nutrient concentrations. At the trap site, satellite SST lags wind-speed-forced upwelling by about 4 months. The 1,13 and 1,15 diol-based LDI-derived SSTs lag satellite SSTs by 41 d but correlate poorly (r2= 0.17). Absolute as well as flux-corrected LDI SSTs are on average 3 ∘C too high and rather reflect values prevailing during the more oligotrophic summer period. We attribute outliers to low LDI SST to 1,13 diols added during short upwelling-related events. The use of the LDI in regions with higher productivity is therefore not recommended. It appears thus that at the trap site the 1,14 diols primarily reflect conditions relating to upwelling whereas the 1,15C30 and to a lesser extent the 1,13 diols seem to reflect the conditions of the more oligotrophic ocean.

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Pérez-Palacios, Gregorio, René Santillán, Rocío García-Becerra, Elizabeth Borja-Cacho, Fernando Larrea, Pablo Damián-Matsumura, Leticia González, and Ana E. Lemus. "Enhanced formation of non-phenolic androgen metabolites with intrinsic oestrogen-like gene transactivation potency in human breast cancer cells: a distinctive metabolic pattern." Journal of Endocrinology 190, no. 3 (September 2006): 805–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06407.

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Breast cancer is a sex steroid hormone-dependent malignant neoplasia. The role of oestradiol in this malignancy has been well documented; however, the involvement of androgens has remained controversial. To determine the role of non-phenolic androgen metabolites in human breast cancer, we studied the metabolism of [14C] testosterone and [14C] androstenedione in oestrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells and non-oestrogen-dependent MDA-MB 231 cells, at different substrate concentrations (1–10 μM) and time periods (30 min–48 h). Cultured non-oestrogen-dependent HeLa and yeast cells served as controls. Metabolites were identified and quantified by reverse isotope dilution. A distinctive pattern of androgen metabolism was identified in MCF-7 cells, being the 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (3α,5α-diol) and its 3β epimer (3β,5α-diol), the major conversion products of testosterone (48.3%), with 5α-dihydrotestosterone as intermediary. The formation of 3α,5α-diol and 3β,5α-diol (diols) was substrate concentration- and time-dependent, and abolished by finasteride. In contrast, very little of any diol formation was observed in MDA-MB 231, HeLa and yeast cell incubations. Additional enzyme gene expression studies revealed an overexpression of 5α-steroid reductase type-1 in MCF-7 cells, as compared with MDA-MB 231 cells. The oestrogen-like activities of diols were assessed in HeLa cells co-transfected with expression vectors for α or β subtypes of the human oestrogen receptor (hER) genes and for an oestrogen-responsive reporter gene. The results show that 3β, 5α-diol and to a lesser extent 3α,5α-diol bind with high relative affinity to hERα and hERβ. Both diols induced hER-mediated reporter gene transactivation in a dose–response manner, similar to that induced by oestradiol, though with lower potency, an effect that was abolished by ICI-182 780. Furthermore, 3β,5α-diol and to lesser extent 3α,5α-diol induced MCF-7 cell proliferation. The overall results demonstrated that MCF-7 cells exhibit enhanced expression and activity of androgen-metabolising enzymes, leading to rapid and large diol formation, and provide evidence that these androgen metabolites exert a potent oestrogen-agonistic effect, at genomic level, in oestrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. The data suggest that diols may act as in situ intracrine factors in breast cancer and that its formation can be pharmacologically inhibited.

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Friestad, Gregory K., and Gopeekrishnan Sreenilayam. "1,5-Polyols: Challenging motifs for configurational assignment and synthesis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 3 (January 31, 2011): 461–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-19.

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Despite the well-established methods for stereochemical assignments and synthesis of 1,3-diols, the corresponding 1,5-diols and -polyols present specific challenges which remain unsolved. This article highlights some new strategies and methodologies specifically designed for the 1,5-diol motif.

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Namkajorn, M., Atitsa Petchsuk, Mantana Opaprakasit, and Pakorn Opaprakasit. "Synthesis and Characterization of PLA-Based Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyesters: Effect of Diols." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.785.

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PLA-based aliphatic aromatic copolyesters have been synthesized and characterized in order to incorporate the degradability of PLA and good mechanical properties of aromatic species. Synthesis of the copolymers was conducted by polycondensation of lactic acid with dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and various diols using stannous(II) octoate as a catalyst. Three types of diols with different methylene lengths were employed, i.e., ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG) and 1, 4-butanediol (BD). Effects of diols and comonomer molar ratio on the extent of polycondensation reaction and molecular weight of the resulting copolymers were investigated. Diacids and diol ratios of L-lactic acid (LLA), dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and diol of 1/1/2, 1/2/4 and 2/1/2 were employed. Characterization of chemical structure, molecular weight and thermal and physical properties of the resulting copolymers were conducted by FTIR, NMR, and DSC.

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Balzano, Sergio, Julie Lattaud, Laura Villanueva, Sebastiaan W. Rampen, Corina P. D. Brussaard, Judith van Bleijswijk, Nicole Bale, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten. "A quest for the biological sources of long chain alkyl diols in the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean." Biogeosciences 15, no. 19 (October 10, 2018): 5951–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5951-2018.

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Abstract. Long chain alkyl diols (LCDs) are widespread in the marine water column and sediments, but their biological sources are mostly unknown. Here we combine lipid analyses with 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected in the photic zone of the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean at 24 stations to infer relationships between LCDs and potential LCD producers. The C30 1,15-diol was detected in all SPM samples and accounted for >95 % of the total LCDs, while minor proportions of C28 and C30 1,13-diols, C28 and C30 1,14-diols, as well as C32 1,15-diol were found. The concentration of the C30 and C32 diols was higher in the mixed layer of the water column compared to the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), whereas concentrations of C28 diols were comparable. Sequencing analyses revealed extremely low contributions (≈0.1 % of the 18S rRNA gene reads) of known LCD producers, but the contributions from two taxonomic classes with which known producers are affiliated, i.e. Dictyochophyceae and Chrysophyceae, followed a trend similar to that of the concentrations of C30 and C32 diols. Statistical analyses indicated that the abundance of 4 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the Chrysophyceae and Dictyochophyceae, along with 23 OTUs falling into other phylogenetic groups, were weakly (r≤0.6) but significantly (p value <0.01) correlated with C30 diol concentrations. It is not clear whether some of these OTUs might indeed correspond to C28−32 diol producers or whether these correlations are just indirect and the occurrence of C30 diols and specific OTUs in the same samples might be driven by other environmental conditions. Moreover, primer mismatches were unlikely, but cannot be excluded, and the variable number of rRNA gene copies within eukaryotes might have affected the analyses leading to LCD producers being undetected or undersampled. Furthermore, based on the average LCD content measured in cultivated LCD-producing algae, the detected concentrations of LCDs in SPM are too high to be explained by the abundances of the suspected LCD-producing OTUs. This is likely explained by the slower degradation of LCDs compared to DNA in the oxic water column and suggests that some of the LCDs found here were likely to be associated with suspended debris, while the DNA from the related LCD producers had been already fully degraded. This suggests that care should be taken in constraining biological sources of relatively stable biomarker lipids by quantitative comparisons of DNA and lipid abundances.

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Sui, Jinkai, Chunkai Wang, Xiaofeng Liu, Ning Fang, Yanhua Liu, Wenjing Wang, Ning Yan та ін. "Formation of α- and β-Cembratriene-Diols in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Is Regulated by Jasmonate-Signaling Components via Manipulating Multiple Cembranoid Synthetic Genes". Molecules 23, № 10 (30 вересня 2018): 2511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102511.

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Cembranoids are a group of natural diterpenoid compounds with pharmaceutical potentials, and the cembratriene-diols produced by Nicotiana (tobacco) species display activities in anti-nicotine addiction and neuron protection. Although the enzymes catalyzing cembratriene-diols’ formation in tobacco have been investigated, the regulatory mechanism underlying this physiological process remains unknown. This study has investigated the roles of phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) in regulating cembratriene-diol formation in N. tabacum cv. TN90 and found that JA and COI1, the receptor protein of the bioactive derivative of JA (i.e., JA-Ile), display critical roles in regulating cembratriene-diols’ formation and the expression of cembranoid synthetic genes CBTS, P450 and NtLTP1. Further studies showed that over-expressing either the gene encoding bHLH transcription factor MYC2a or that encoding MYB transcription factor MYB305 could upregulate the cembranoid synthetic genes and enhance the cembranoid production in plants with dysfunction of COI1. Further studies suggest that COI1 and its downstream regulators MYC2a and MYB305 also modulate the trichome secretion, which is correlated with cembranoid formation. Taken together, this study has demonstrated a critical role of JA-signaling components in governing the cembratriene-diol formation and the transcription of cembratriene-diol synthetic genes in tobacco. Findings in this study are of great importance to reveal the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying cembranoid synthesis.

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Wang, Jian, Chenyi Li, Yusong Zou, and Yajun Yan. "Bacterial synthesis of C3-C5 diols via extending amino acid catabolism." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 32 (July 27, 2020): 19159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003032117.

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Amino acids are naturally occurring and structurally diverse metabolites in biological system, whose potentials for chemical expansion, however, have not been fully explored. Here, we devise a metabolic platform capable of producing industrially important C3-C5 diols from amino acids. The presented platform combines the natural catabolism of charged amino acids with a catalytically efficient and thermodynamically favorable diol formation pathway, created by expanding the substrate scope of the carboxylic acid reductase toward noncognate ω-hydroxylic acids. Using the established platform as gateways, seven different diol-convertible amino acids are converted to diols including 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol. Particularly, we afford to optimize the production of 1,4-butanediol and demonstrate the de novo production of 1,5-pentanediol from glucose, with titers reaching 1.41 and 0.97 g l−1, respectively. Our work presents a metabolic platform that enriches the pathway repertoire for nonnatural diols with feedstock flexibility to both sugar and protein hydrolysates.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Dioll"

Ibanez, Sébastien. "Caractérisation physicochimique des membranes cellulaires lors de la cancérogénèse : application à la plasticité cellulaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6tt4qsz.

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Le tissu mammaire est intrinsèquement hétérogène et son développement ainsi que son homéostasie impliquent des mécanismes génétiques et épigénétiques permettant des modifications contrôlées de l’identité cellulaire tout au long de la vie d’une femme. Dans un contexte tumoral, les mécanismes liés à cette modulation de l’identité cellulaire peuvent être en revanche perturbés. Ceci facilite une grande dynamique épigénétique et l’acquisition d’une plasticité phénotypique située au cœur du développement et de la progression tumorale. La plasticité phénotypique décrit la capacité d’un système biologique à s’adapter et exprimer différents phénotypes en réponse à des conditions environnementales changeantes. Les cellules perdent dans ce contexte leur identité cellulaire et subissent des modifications profondes de leur métabolisme. L’une des conséquences de ces dérégulations métaboliques est le remodelage des lipides lors de l’acquisition d’un phénotype plastique. Nous avons pu corréler ce remodelage lipidique à une modification de la fluidité membranaire des membranes cellulaires. Cette mesure de fluidité membranaire s’effectue à l’aide d’une sonde de fluorescence ratiométrique synthétisée pour la première fois dans notre équipe. La première partie de cette thèse a concerné la validation dans un contexte biologique de la capacité de cette sonde fluorescente, le Dioll, à rendre compte de l’alignement des chaînes lipidiques directement au sein des membranes d’une cellule. L’analyse des propriétés physicochimiques de la sonde de fluorescence lors du marquage des membranes cellulaires a mis en avant les avantages de cette molécule par rapport aux sondes préexistantes, notamment un meilleur rapport quantique, une meilleure répartition au sein des phases liquides désordonnées permettant ainsi une meilleure discrimination des endomembranes et un marquage des membranes cellulaires avec une résolution sans précédent. Lors de la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous avons utilisé les propriétés du Dioll pour mettre en évidence la corrélation existant entre fluidité membranaire et des variations phénotypiques à l’origine de la plasticité cellulaire. L’analyse d’un ensemble de lignées cellulaires cancéreuses mammaires a montré que nous pouvions discriminer les différents sous-types cellulaires à partir de ces mesures corrélées le plus souvent à une plus grande fluidité membranaire. Dans un second temps, nous avons utilisé un modèle isogénique de modulation de la plasticité cellulaire par induction d’un processus de perte des caractéristiques épithéliales au sein de cellules mammaires humaines immortalisées initialement épithéliales (HMEC). À partir de ce modèle, nous avons pu observer une diminution de l’alignement des chaînes lipidiques membranaires lors de l’acquisition d’un phénotype plus indifférencié. Finalement en modulant l’environnement hormono-nutritif de la cellule, il a été possible de créer un modèle permettant l’acquisition et la stabilisation d’un phénotype très indifférencié, hybride en termes de composante épithéliale et mésenchymateuse et multipotent. Ce phénotype dit « métastable » permet de rediriger de façon très efficace ces cellules dans les différentes voies de différenciation mammaire luminale ou myoépithéliale. Nous avons pu ainsi corréler les variations phénotypiques dans ce modèle à des variations biophysiques associées à une plus grande fluidité membranaire, les cellules métastables possédant un désordre très important au niveau de leurs chaînes lipidiques membranaires en comparaison de leur descendance ayant acquis une identité cellulaire luminale ou myoépithéliale. L’ensemble de ces résultats est discuté dans la perspective d’utiliser ces mesures indirectes de fluidité membranaire pour déterminer un indice de plasticité phénotypique ou de dynamique épigénétique qui servirait alors d’outil diagnostic et d’aide à la mise en place de stratégies thérapeutiques plus efficaces et personnalisées
The mammary tissue is inherently heterogeneous and its development as well as homeostasis involve genetic and epigenetic mechanism allowing controlled switches of cell identity during woman’s lifetime. During tumoral context, the mechanisms linked to this cell identity modulation can be disturbed. This facilitates a large epigenetic dynamic and the acquisition of phenotypic plasticity essential for tumour development and progression. Phenotypic plasticity describes the ability of a biological system to adapt and express different phenotypes in response to variations of environmental conditions. In this context, the cells lose their cell identity and undergo profound changes in their metabolism. One of the consequences of these metabolic dysregulation is the remodelling of cell lipid composition during the acquisition of a plastic phenotype. We were able to correlate this lipid remodelling with a change in lipid chains arrangement within cell membranes, a phenomenon known to modify the membrane fluidity. The membrane fluidity is measured by a ratiometric fluorescent probe synthesized for the first time in our team. The first part of this thesis concerned the validation in a biological context of this probe, Dioll, to report its capacity of following the membrane fluidity of cell membranes. The analysis of the physicochemical properties of the fluorescent probe during the labeling of cell membranes has highlighted the advantages of this molecule compared to pre-existing probes (better quantum ratio, better distribution within disordered liquid phase and better discrimination of endomembranes). The second part of this thesis, we used the properties of Dioll to highlight the correlation between membrane fluidity and phenotypic variations at the origin of cell plasticity. Analysis of a set of breast cancer cell lines showed that we could discriminate different cell subtypes. Secondly, we used an isogenic model of modulation of cellular plasticity by inducing a process of loss of epithelial characteristics within initially epithelial immortalized human mammary cells (HMEC). From this model, we were able to observe an increase of membrane fluidity during the acquisition of a more undifferentiated phenotype. Finally, by modulating the hormonal-nutritive environment of the cell, it was possible to create a model allowing the acquisition and stabilization of a much undifferentiated phenotype, hybrid in terms of epithelial and mesenchymal component and multipotent. This so-called “metastable” phenotype makes it possible to redirect these cells into the various luminal or myoepithelial mammary differentiation pathways. We were thus able to correlate the phenotypic variations in this model with biophysical variations associated with greater membrane fluidity, the metastable cells having a very significant disorder at the level of their membrane lipid chains in comparison with their progeny having acquired a luminal cell identity or myoepithelial. All of these results are discussed with a view to using these measurements of membrane fluidity to determine an index of phenotypic plasticity or epigenetic dynamics which would then serve as a diagnostic tool and aid in the implementation of therapeutic strategies more efficient and personalized

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Roggenbuck, Rafael. "Darstellung von Sauerstoff-Heterocyclen durch rhodiumkatalysierte Tandem-Hydroformylierung von ungesättigten Alkoholen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962720844.

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Dieme, Jean-Louis. ""La mort diola" (ou la seconde naissance) : esquisse des éléments d'une anthropologie et d'une théologie diola de la mort." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040316.

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Анотація:

Comment l'homme diola conçoit-il la mort ? Pour l'homme diola du pays gassylai, brin ou bandial en Casamance (Sénégal), la mort est conçue comme un grand passage, un grand voyage, une grande traversée. La vie et la mort constituent, pour lui, une seule et même réalité vivante qui porte deux noms différents et se manifeste sous deux visages différents. La mort est un autre nom, une autre réalité de la vie. La mort, c'est l'autre vie ; et le mort, un autre vivant. Celui ou celle qui meurt entreprend un grand voyage qui lui permet de passer d'un monde à un autre. Il passe du monde visible au monde invisible. Le premier monde, le monde visible, est celui des hommes ; le second, le monde invisible, est celui des morts et des ancêtres. Dieu, quant à lui, habite, à la fois, le monde visible et le monde invisible, parce qu'il en est l'unique créateur, le pie-mère de tous les hommes et de tous les vivants, le maitre de la vie et de la mort
How does the diola man conceive death ? For the diola man of the gassylai country side, brin or bandial in Casamance (Senegal), death is conceived like a great passage, a great voyage, a great crossing. Life and death constitute for him one and the same living reality which has got two different faces. Death is another name, another reality of life. Death is another life and dead is another living. He who dies undertakes a great voyage which permits him to go over from one world to another. He passes from the visible world to the invisible world. The first, the visible world, is the one of men; the second, the invisible world, is the one of the dead and of the ancestors. God, as for him, lives both in the visible world, for he is their sole creator, the father and mother of all the men and the living, the master of life and death

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Cullen, Bernard. "Selective hydrogenation of a multifunctional compound : 2-butyne-1,4-diol to cis-2-butene-1,4-diol." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412969.

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Mpuhlu, Batsho. "Synthesis of P-Methane-3,8-Diol." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/570.

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The synthesis of para-menthane-3,8-diol in a batch reactor was investigated in some detail with the view to evaluate the potential of producing said p-menthane- 3,8-diol in a continuous-flow reactor from the results obtained from the batch process. The methodology used as base for this investigation was a published procedure by Takasago of Japan. The Takasago-method produced 92.3 percent Yield for the product para-menthane-3,8-diol, and 2.7 percent Yield of the by-product, acetal. The objective for this investigation was to produce a minimum p-menthane-3,8- diol content of 97.0 percent and a maximum content of 3.0 percent for the by-product acetal. The batch production process was evaluated in detail using statistical experimental design methodologies. Three process variables, namely catalyst loading, organic/aqueous phase ratio and reaction temperature were selected for the study. The experimental method was based on the Takasago procedure, however the substrate was added as a single slug as opposed to gradual addition method and the reaction period was reduced to 30 minutes. Apart from statistical analysis, mechanistic aspects were also used to interpret the following results. Using a central composite design, three response models (one for the conversion of citronellal, p-menthane-3,8-diol and acetal formation) were determined. An analysis of the response surfaces indicated that, to increase the citronellal conversion all three variables should be increased. To increase the amount of pmenthane- 3,8-diol, the reaction temperature and acid concentration should be increased, but the Aq/org ratio should be decreased as the acid catalyst concentration is increased. To minimize the amount of acetals formed during the reaction, the Aq/org ratio should be decreased; temperature and acid concentration can be decreased or increased. The reaction mechanism suggested that p-menthane-3,8-diol may be formed along two pathways: One pathway directly forms p-menthane-3,8-diol, whilst the second pathway forms the isopulegol first, then proceeds to form product by hydrolysis. The acetal is formed as result of the reaction between unreacted citronellal and p-menthane-3,8-diol. From the design experiments it was suggested that reaction time can be reduced to 8 minutes at reaction temperatures between, 80-85 0C The product and acetal were isolated by simple vacuum evaporation of the low boiling citronellal and isopulegol. Results from recycling the catalyst phase were similar to those of the initial process. The results of this investigation has clearly shown that with a proper understanding of the effect of process variables on the performance of the batch synthesis route, the conversion of this traditionally batch (actually semi-batch) process into a continuous process is quite feasible provided that suitable equipment is available. The most important features required for such equipment would be: Intense mixing throughout the reaction zone so as to maximise the surface area between the two immiscible phases, hence the rate of mass transfer between the two phases; and the ability to run reactions above the boiling point of water. Plans for the further study of the process are already well underway and sections of static mixing tubes have been acquired to build a continuous lab scale tubular reactor that would be capable of providing the level of mixing required.

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Seoane, Gustavo A. "Synthesis of pyrrolizidine diols via azide-diene cycloadditions." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81012.

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The generality of the [4+1] annulation methodology in the context of natural product synthesis was demonstrated by extending its applicability to the heteroatom (nitrogen) case thus allowing access to the alkaloid field. This novel methodology involved the intramolecular union of a hypovalent nitrogen atom equivalent and a conjugated diene to afford a pyrroline ring. The flexibility of this strategy was exemplified by the formal synthesis of ring-A oxygenated pyrrolizidine alkaloids platynecine 8, turneforcidine 9, hastanecine 10, and dihydroxyheliotridane 11. The key features of this technology involved preparation of azidodiene ill, its cyclization, via the intermediate triazoline which was not isolated, to vinylaziridines 234, and the vinylaziridine-pyrroline rearrangement of several derivatives of 234 to pyrrolizidines 239, 241, and 242. A study of the thermal decomposition of oxygenated azidodienes such as 196 and 233 was carried out. Conclusive results regarding the stereochemical control of the C-7 substituent were attained and used for the formal stereospecific syntheses of pyrrolizidinediols 8, 9, 10, and 11. The possibility of asymmetric induction was also investigated, and was realized in the microbial reduction of only one of the enantiomers of alcohol ill protected as ester 248, providing potential access to either enantiomeric series of pyrrolizidine diols. [see document for diagram of chemical reaction]
Ph. D.

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Ayari, Abdelhamid. "Synthèse et réactivité de diols-1,2 F-alkylés." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4336.

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Le travail réalisé concerne la synthèse et la réactivité de F-alkyl ethanediols-1,2 de structure générale R indice F CHOHCH indice2 OH. Le matériau de départ est constitué par les F-alkyléthenes R indice F,CH=CH indice 2. Ces diols sont caractérisés par la présence d'un groupement hydroxyle adjacent à la chaine fluorée. Ils sont susceptibles de présenter des propriétés particulières dues à la réactivité, a priori, différentes des deux fonctions alcools. A partir d'alcènes, trois voies de synthèse ont été testées : oxydation par le permanganate de l'hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium dans du cichlorométhane ; oxydation par le permanganate de potassium dans un système binaire : eau-éthanol et en présence de 5% d'Aliquat 336 ; oxydation par le permanganate de potassium dans de l'acétone. Quatre familles de produits issus de la réactivité de ces F-alkyl-ethanediols-1,2 nous ont paru très prometteurs : 1) l'azoture de F-alkyl-2 hydroxy-2 éthane; 2) le méthacrylate de F-alkyl-2 hydroxy-2 éthyle ; 3) l'oxyde d'allyle de F-alkyl-2 hydroxy-2 éthyle ; 4) les sels d'ammonium. Ces ammoniums sont susceptibles, a priori, de mettre en solution dans l'eau aussi bien des hydrocarbures que des fluorocarbures ; de conduire à des mousses stables et de moduler l'hydrophobie considérable de la chaine fluorée

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Reeve, Toby Benjamin. "Diol-functionalised polystyrene resins : synthesis and applications." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30088.

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Chapter 1 introduces the motivation behind and the methods for the use of insoluble polymers for the heterogenisation of well-defined homogenous catalysts. The use of diol ligands and polymer-supported catalysts in the Diels-Alder reaction and dialkylzinc addition to aldehydes is also reviewed. Finally, the aims of this work are outlined. Chapter 2 evaluates various routes for the synthesis of diol-functionalised resins. The grafting of triol compounds to preformed chloromethylated resins was undertaken through formation of an ether linkage, leaving a pendant diol. Emphasis was placed on incorporating an alkyl spacer between the diol moiety and the resin in order to distance the supported Lewis acid from the polymer matrix in subsequent catalysis applications. A relationship between the size of alcohol substrates and ease of reaction with chloromethylated resins is reported; due to mass transport effects, the grafting of larger residues is considerably more difficult. Chapter 3 discusses the synthesis of polystyrene resins possessing a chiral diol-functionality introduced via asymmetric dihydroxylation of alkenes. The asymmetric dihydroxylation process is reviewed. Two contrasting strategies for diol-functionalised resin preparation are described: (a) solution-phase alkene dihydroxylation followed by grafting and (b) dihydroxylation of an alkene moiety already bound to the solid-phase. Chapter 4 investigates supported-diol-titanium species as Lewis acids and probes the effect of alkyl spacer length on their activity in the Diels-Alder reaction of methyl acrylate and cyclopentadiene. The incorporation of a nine-carbon methylene spacer led to an improvement in catalyst activity. The application of polymer-bound Ti-based Lewis acids in the asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of methacrolein and cyclopentadiene and diethylzinc addition to benzaldehyde is also reported. In both cases low ee's were observed.

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Xu, Su-Ying. "Supramolecular systems for diol and fluoride recognition." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.642049.

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Determination of a target molecule is of great importance both in industrial applications and human health. For a long time, this has attracted the extensive attention of researchers to develop new strategies. One of the vigorous sub-branches lies in supramolecular field. its ability to mimic a natural occurring event and unearth the mode of interaction for a targeted molecule. By varying the structure of a probe, researchers could rationally design synthetic sensors with selective binding affinity to target molecules and also satisfy different requirements for a certain application by combining different functional groups. The growing incidence of diabetes has promoted scientists to develop new effective strategies for early and quickly monitoring saccharide concentration. Interest in boronic acid-based saccharide probes has dramatically increased in the past several decades due to the unique properties of forming boronate esters with cis-diols. Previous work in James group demonstrated that by the introduction of a proximal amine group, the binding between boronic acid and saccharide can occur at neutral, i.e., physiological pH and the binding between boronic acids and saccharides can induce fluorescent "turn-on" responses. Acrylamide hydrogels with boron-additives have potential applications in separating saccharides and recognising glycation process in electrophoresis. Two monoboronic acid-based gel monomers 27 and 28 with different fluorophores have been synthesised and analysis measurements were carried out both in hydrogel, as well as in solution. As a Lewis acid, the strong binding affinity between boron and fluoride was also extensively explored to develop fluoride sensors. By investigating boron-containing 1,8-naphthalimide derivative 33, it is found that the binding between boron and fluoride could induce a red-shift of absorption (about 20 nm) with obvious colour changes and unique changes of NMR chemical shift. By comparison with control compounds (34 and 35), it was found that the addition of the boronic acid moiety would improve the selectivity, though at the expense of loss of sensitivity towards anions. Traditional molecular recognition is mainly based on host-guest interaction, where a synthetic host molecule could selectively interact with a guest molecule via weak and generally reversible interactions. The reaction-based sensing strategy is a new strategy in designing a high sensitivity probe toward a specific analyte, in which an irreversible reaction is normally utilised. Boronic acid moieties were extensively used both in exploring saccharide sensors and organic synthesis (Suzuki Homocoupling reaction). Here these two aspects were combined together to develop a Suzuki Homocoupling reaction-based saccharide sensing strategy. Different boronic acid substrates were employed and the sensing mechanism was investigated. Furthermore, as a collaboration project, colorimetric enantioselective recognition of chiral secondary alcohols was achieved via hydrogen bonding to a chiral metallocene containing chemosensor (38 and 39).The observed enantioselectivity of 38 could partly be due to the steric effect of the formed hydrogen bond complexes and the distance to the chiral centres.

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Barbour, Leonard James. "Clathration by diol hosts : thermodynamics and structure." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21427.

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Inclusion properties of the following seven diol host compounds were investigated: Host 1 9,9'-bis(9,91-dihydroxy-fluorene) Host 2 1, 1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-bis( diphenylhydroxymethyl) Host 3 2,2'-bis(9-hydroxy-9-fluorenyl)biphenyl Host 4 trans-9, 10-dihydroxy-9,10-diphenyl-9, 10-dihydroanthracene Host 5 trans-9, 10-dihydroxy-9,10-di-p-tolyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene Host 6 trans-9, 10-dihydroxy-9, 10-di-p-tert-butylphenyl-9, 10-dihydroanthracene Host 7 trans-9, 10-dihydroxy-9, 10-di-a-naphthyl-9, 10-dihydroanthracene These compounds all possess molecular planes with bulky substituents and opposing hydroxyl moieties as probes for possible coordination to guest molecules by means of hydrogen bonding. Sixteen different inclusion compounds were formed with common organic solvents as the guests. Various characterisation techniques were used and the crystal structures of the inclusion compounds and of the a-phases of Hosts 2 and 5 were elucidated using single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Thermal decomposition studies using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were carried out in order to relate the strength of the host-guest interactions to the structures of the inclusion compounds. Owing to practical limitations, the DSC technique is not suitable for the measurement of '1H for the decomposition of an inclusion compound where the guest is relatively volatile. Therefore an apparatus was devised to yield accurate '1H0 values for this process.

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Книги з теми "Dioll"

Dill spill. Edina, Minn: Abdo Pub., 2004.

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Kapetani, Albana. Diell Jonik: Poezi. [Albania?]: Fondacioni "Soros", 1998.

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Diola. Diola dīāṃ kahāṇīāṃ. Dillī: Ārasī Pabalisharaza, 2015.

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editor, Mugnier Jacques 1952, ed. Samo le Diola: Roman. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2013.

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Çuli, Diana. Diell në mesnatë: Roman. Tiranë: Botime Toena, 2000.

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S, Ong Yasmin, ed. Diola: Ang bayani ng Philippine eagle = Diola : heroine of Philippine eagles. Kidapawan City, Ph: ABC Educational Development Center, 2000.

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Lospinoso, Mariannita. Diario africano: Ricerche e memorie delle donne diola del Senegal. Napoli: Liguori, 1993.

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Parlons jola: Langue et culture. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1998.

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W.E.C. International. Jola Literacy Dept. Asukateen =: Orphan. 2nd ed. Banjul, the Gambia: WEC International, Jola Literacy Department, 2009.

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Réget: Búfajulum bújoola. [Dakar: s.n.], 1999.

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Частини книг з теми "Dioll"

Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Dill." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 159. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_3051.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Diol." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 230. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3755.

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Passam, Harold C. "Dill." In Carrots and related Apiaceae crops, 296–301. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789240955.0296.

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Charles, Denys J. "Dill." In Antioxidant Properties of Spices, Herbs and Other Sources, 281–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4310-0_24.

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Benjamin, Ludy T. "Scott, Walter Dill." In Encyclopedia of psychology, Vol. 7., 195–96. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10522-081.

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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Anethum graveolens (Dill)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 135–37. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_53.

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Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of benzene-1,3-diol in propane-1,2-diol." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes, 845. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54089-3_521.

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Gooch, Jan W. "2-Butene-1,4-diol." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 100. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1715.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Cyclohexane-1,2-diol dehydrogenase." In Enzyme Handbook 10, 81–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57756-7_24.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Para-Menthane-3,8-diol." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 2039–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_4153.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Dioll"

Gal, Jong-Ku, Jung-Hyun Kim, and Kyung-Hoon Shin. "A Novel Paleo Sea Surface Nutrient Proxy Based on Long Chain Alkyl Diols: Nutrient Diol Index (Ndi)." In 29th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201902989.

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Nascimento, R. X., J. G. Ferreira, and J. L. Princival. "Enzimatic Kinetic Resolution of Alkynylic Diols." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0360-1.

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Mitić, Milan, Pavle Mašković, and Jelena Mitić. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF TOTAL FLAVONOID COMPOUNDS EXTRACTION FROM DILL (Anethum graveolens L.) LEAVES." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.389m.

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In this paper, extraction of the total flavonoid compounds from dill (Anethum graveolens L) leaves using an aqueous ethanol solution (50% by volume) was studied at different temperatures (30, 40, and 50 0C). A physical unsteady- state diffusion model and empirical Ponomarev model were developed to model the extraction process’s kinetics. The enthalpy and entropy changes were positive, while the Gibbs free energy was negative and decreased when temperature increased during the thermodynamic analysis. Therefore, extraction of total flavonoids from dill leaves was endothermic, spontaneous, and irreversible.

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Hartwig, Beppo, and Martin Suhm. "CHIRALITY ASPECTS IN THE DIMERIZATION OF VICINAL DIOLS." In 74th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2019.mh05.

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St. Clair, David J. "Polyolefin Diol in Coatings for Thermoplastic Polyolefins." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/980707.

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ROUILLARD, HERVE, and VALERIE THIERY. "Microwave-assisted kinetic resolution of homochiral diols using lipase." In The 17th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-17-c005.

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Kharchenko, V. A., Z. A. Amagova, M. S. Antoshkina, and A. A. Koshevarov. "Leafy vegetables and spicy flavoring plants, biofortified with selenium in production of functional spices." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-159.

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Biochemical parameters and levels of selenium accumulation in selenium biofortified and non-fortified dill, parsley, chervil, celery, A.ursinum, A.scheoprasum and A.sativum were determined. Prospects of selenium biofortified vegetables for production of functional food products are discussed.

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Jianu, Calin. "CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF DILL ESSENTIAL OIL." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018v/6.4/s08.012.

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Hannis Fadzillah Mohsin, Ibtisam Abdul Wahab, and Jean-Frederic Faizal Weber Abdullah. "A derivative of furan-2,3-diol from pandan extract." In 2010 International Conference on Science and Social Research (CSSR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cssr.2010.5773758.

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Liu, Ren, Jin Jin Zheng, H. J. Zhou, Y. C. Tian, G. Liu, and L. G. Shen. "A Generalized Dill Exposure Model for Negative Thick Photoresist." In 2007 International Conference on Information Acquisition. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icia.2007.4295744.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Dioll"

Huber, George W., та Jiayue He. Catalytic Processes for Production of α,ω-diols from Lignocellulosic Biomass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), жовтень 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1480118.

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Khasaeva, Fatima, Igor Parshikov, and Evgeny Zaraisky. Degradation of 2,6-dimethylpyridine by Arthrobacter crystallopoietes. Intellectual Archive, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2463.

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Degradation of pyridines in waste water is an important issue for chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The biodegradation of 2,6-dimethylpyridine was investigated by the bacterium Arthrobacter crystallopoietes KM-4, which resulted in the formation of three metabolites: 2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-ol, 2,6-dimethylpyridin- 3,4-diol, and 2,4-dioxopentanoic acid.

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