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Статті в журналах з теми "Digital quantum state implementation"
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Evsikov, K. S. "Information Security of the Digital State in the Quantum Era." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 4 (July 10, 2022): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2022.92.4.046-058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article provides an overview of the digital technology quantum communication and its place among end-to-end digital technologies. Also the problem of quantum threat to the information security of the Russian Federation is considered. The cryptography used today is based on discrete logarithms or factorization, which will lose their cryptographic strength after the implementation of a quantum computer. All countries have started to analyze and develop new information security technologies which are capable to ensure its confidentiality in the quantum era.The article analyzes the experience of building a new information security system in several countries (Great Britain, the European Union, the USA, China). The analysis made it possible to evaluate Russian actions in this area, as well as to identify shortcomings in the regulatory framework governing quantum cryptography, which include quantum key distribution, quantum random number generator, post-quantum cryptography.The author substantiates the need for the introduction of an experimental legal regime and the creation of the «cryptographic agility». The implementation of these proposals will help to prepare a regulatory framework for data migration to an environment protected by cryptographic ciphers resistant to quantum computing. The quantum communication is a new way to protect information in a digital state, where data plays a key role, and their confidentiality and integrity become the key to national security.
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Hlukhov, Valeriy S. "RESEARCH OF DIGITAL QUBITES FOR HETEROGENEOUS DIGITAL QUANTUM COPROCESSORS." Applied Aspects of Information Technology 4, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/aait.01.2021.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently, interest is growing towards real quantum computers, which are analog and probabilistic devices by nature. The interest is also growing to their digital version, both software and hardware. One approach to the construction of real quantum computers is to use quantum chips. The hardware implementation of digital quantum computers involves the use of field programmable gate arrays. A digital quantum coprocessor has already been created which has over a thousand digital qubits and can perform such complex algorithms as a quantum Fourier transformation. The created and working digital quantum coprocessor can already be used to work out various quantum algorithms, algorithms for the interaction of a classic computer and its quantum coprocessor, as well as for research various options for building digital qubits. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of the accuracy of the presentation of the state of digital qubit on the probability of obtaining the correct results of the digital quantum coprocessor. For the study, a heterogeneous digital quantum coprocessor with thirty two digital qubits is selected, which will perform the Fourier quantum transformation. The article describes the basics of building digital quantum coprocessors. Schemes that illustrate the interaction of a classic computer and a quantum coprocessor, the architecture of the coprocessor and the possible structures of its digital qubits are given. Two variants of the coprocessor, homogeneous one with one pseudo-random codes generator and one comparator, and heterogeneous one, with a generator and a comparator in each digital quantum cell, from which digital qubits consist, are shown. Two options for comparators are also shown - with a direct functional converter and with reverse one. In this work, the influence of the length of the qubit state codes of heterogeneous digital quantum coprocessors on the probability of the correct results formation is investigated. It was shown that the probability of obtaining the correct results at the output of the digital heterogeneous coprocessor is sharply (up to fifty percent) improved with a decrease of the qubit state code length, that is, with a decrease in the coprocessor hardware cost. With a length of a code equal to two bits, the quality of the operation of the heterogeneous coprocessor becomes commensurate with the quality of the homogeneous one. The need for additional research in this direction, including with homogeneous coprocessors, is shown.
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Wu, Jiayao, Chen He, Jiahui Xie, Xiaopeng Liu, and Minghui Zhang. "Twin-Field Quantum Digital Signature with Fully Discrete Phase Randomization." Entropy 24, no. 6 (June 18, 2022): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24060839.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Quantum digital signatures (QDS) are able to verify the authenticity and integrity of a message in modern communication. However, the current QDS protocols are restricted by the fundamental rate-loss bound and the secure signature distance cannot be further improved. We propose a twin-field quantum digital signature (TF-QDS) protocol with fully discrete phase randomization and investigate its performance under the two-intensity decoy-state setting. For better performance, we optimize intensities of the signal state and the decoy state for each given distance. Numerical simulation results show that our TF-QDS with as few as six discrete random phases can give a higher signature rate and a longer secure transmission distance compared with current quantum digital signatures (QDSs), such as BB84-QDS and measurement-device-independent QDS (MDI-QDS). Moreover, we provide a clear comparison among some possible TF-QDSs constructed by different twin-field key generation protocols (TF-KGPs) and find that the proposed TF-QDS exhibits the best performance. Conclusively, the advantages of the proposed TF-QDS protocol in signature rate and secure transmission distance are mainly due to the single-photon interference applied in the measurement module and precise matching of discrete phases. Besides, our TF-QDS shows the feasibility of experimental implementation with current devices in practical QDS system.
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Telap, Cherry, Benny Pinontoan, and Jullia Titaley. "Derivation of Quantum Guarded Command Language Program for Average." d'CARTESIAN 4, no. 2 (June 26, 2015): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/dc.4.2.2015.9055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Has conducted research to determine the derivation of quantum guarded command language (qGCL) program for average. Initially calculation of average value was made in guaded command language (GCL) which is then implemented on a digital computer into the Pascal programming language. Furthermore GCL to calculate the average value was analyzed again to be made in the quantum guarded command language (qGCL). qGCL implementation is on a quantum computer is a future computer could perform calculations very quickly because it uses a superposition state is referred to as quantum bits (qubits). Keywords : GCL, qGCL, Quantum Computer
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Khakhanova, A., S. Chumachenko, D. Rakhlis, І. Hahanov, and V. Hahanov. "QUANTUM DIGITAL-ANALOGUE COMPUTING." Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control, no. 4 (December 4, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2022-4-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context. Nature is the relation among processes and phenomena. Nothing exists in the universe without relations. Computer is transactions of relations between data with the help of control and execution mechanisms. Quantum relations are a superposition of particles and their states. Superposition and entanglement are equivalent concepts. Entanglement is a non-local superposition of deterministic states. A quantum computer is unconditional transactions of relations between qubit data. Quantum computer is an analog device for parallel solution of combinatorial problems. Practically oriented definitions of the quantum computer concepts are the path to development of scalable quantum parallel algorithms for combinatorial problems solving. Any algorithm can be reduced to a sequence of operations without conditions, because any truth table is a collection of a complete system of conditions-states. Any sequence of actions can always be reduced to one parallel operation. Conditions and sequences arise only when the developer wants to use previously created primitive constructs to build an always non-optimal computing unit. The paradigm of quantum computer creation is determined through the use of photonic transactions on the electrons of an atom may exclude the use of quantum logic. The evolutionary path of a quantum computer from the classical one: “memory-address-transaction” (MAT) → “electron-addresstransaction” → “electron-address-quantaction” (EAQ) → state-superposition-logic. The meeting point of classical and quantum computers is photon transactions on the structure of electrons. Everything that is calculated on a quantum computer can be calculated in parallel on a classical one on account of memory redundancy. The given example is a memory-driven algorithm for modeling digital products based on qubit-vector forms of functionality description for significant performance boost of computing processes by parallel execution of logical operations.
Objective. Simulation of the correct SoC-component behavior based on vector representation of the logic. Formation of the triggering development of a computing based on the superposition of the classical, quantum and analog computing process, which in its development should be based on technological qubit, tabular and vector data structures for the parallel solution of combinatorial problems.
Method. MAT-computing implements any algorithms on account of transactions (read-write) in memory. Qubit-vector models for describing functionalities, which differ from known truth tables in compactness of description and manufacturability for the implementation of parallel algorithms of the synthesis and analysis of digital devices and SoC-components.
Results. 1) The metric of the technological data structures, focused on parallel troubleshooting in digital systems based on the usage of two logical vector operations, was proposed for the first time. 2) The metric of relations between the individual components of QC, allowing organizing a quantum deterministic computer, has been further developed. 3) Quantum architectural solutions, that allow solving coverage problems in a quasi-parallel mode, were proposed for the first time. 4) Architectural solutions based on an analog-to-digital computing, which can be used to solve the problems of the digital systems parallel analysis, have been further developed. 5) Vector-qubit structures of the logic data, that allow a quasi-parallel simulation of digital circuits, were proposed.
Conclusions. Qubit models, quantum methods and combinatorial algorithms for technical diagnostics of digital devices have been implemented, which can significantly (up to 25%) reduce the time of test synthesis, deductive modeling of faulty and correct behavior, search for defective states by introducing an innovative idea of using qubit-vector data structures for describing logical components. Comparative assessments of qubit models and methods usage show an increase in the efficiency of algorithms for modeling digital devices compared to tabular ones. The superposition of a classical, quantum and analog computer is integrally represented, which allows to find the best solutions for recognition and decision making.
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YANENKOVA, IRYNA. "FACTORS AND WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITALIZATION IN UKRAINE." Economy of Ukraine 2022, no. 3 (March 28, 2022): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2022.03.004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current state of digitalization processes in Ukraine, directions and ways to accelerate its digital development are clarified. The character and factors of promoting and inhibiting of digital transformation are revealed, including: significant human potential of IT sector, availability of Internet connection, implementation of digital initiatives of the European Union, community activities, factors of institutional environment and digital infrastructure. It is shown that the implementation of technical solutions of the European digital single market for electronic data exchange (eCommerce, eDelivery, eCustom) is a secure, reliable and proven way to connect business not only with EU countries but also outside the Union. The formation of the ICT sector in Ukraine over the past 20 years is analyzed through the prism of the development and implementation of laws and regulations, directions and measures of public policy in this area. The advantages, disadvantages and gaps in the institutional environment of the country are revealed. Emphasis is placed on the advantages of the program-targeted approach and methodology of strategic planning for solving the complex problems of socio-economic development. The inefficiency of development and implementation of legislative initiatives in isolation from national goals and priorities is proved. Necessity and expediency of development of the State target program of development of ICT sector in Ukraine, updating of the existing Concept of digital development of economy and society and formation of the state industrial policy are substantiated. Proposals to create a strong production potential of the digital industry in Ukraine and accelerate the construction of national digital infrastructure are developed. Promising areas of digitalization in Ukraine are revealed, which include: artificial intelligence, distributed registry technologies and quantum computing. It is proposed to resume the practice of developing state long- and medium-term plans for socio-economic development of the country as a systemic basis for the deployment of sectoral initiatives on digitalization.
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REFAA, Mokrane. "Thoughts and Strategic Maneuverings of Business Quantum." International Journal of Business & Management Studies 04, no. 03 (March 11, 2023): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56734/ijbms.v4n3a4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective The main purpose of this research is to shed light on possible strategic maneuvers in order to pass the course of the implementation of quantum technologies at the level of companies. The challenge is also cultural and societal. This research is supported by an analysis of the contributions of research with a multidisciplinary analysis - strategy, computer science, linguistics, sociology ... - to the concerns of quantum Information Technologies (IT). Design/Methodology/Approach It is an expertise of four decades of experience in research and IT management this study is focused on a case study methodology in a philosophical approach return of thought on itself. It focuses on thought models that support IT disruptions through an analysis of graphical representations of the evolution of IT innovations. Results This research and analysis realizes, on the one hand, a current state of digital/quantum IT enabling the extended enterprise, and, on the other hand, approaches and models for the development, implementation and operation of the quantum IT service in organizations. Originality Research in critical and conceptual thinking based on the disruptions of IT innovations. It focuses on the key success factors of absorptive capacities in co-trust.
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Singh, Keshaan, and Angela Dudley. "Digital toolbox for vector field characterization." Nanophotonics 11, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0484.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Vectorial structured light fields have displayed properties advantageous in many disciplines ranging from communications, microscopy and metrology to laser cutting and characterizing quantum channels. The generation of these fields has been made convenient through the implementation of nanophotonic metasurfaces amongst other static and digital techniques. Consequently, the detection and characterisation of these fields is of equal importance. Most existing techniques involve using separate polarization optics and correlation filters to perform the projective measurements – or are only able to perform such measurements on a subset of possible vector states. We present a compact, fully automated measurement technique based on a digital micro-mirror device (DMD), which facilitates the complete, local and global, characterisation of the spatial mode and polarization degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) for arbitrary vectorial fields. We demonstrate our approach through the identification of relevant hybrid-order Poincaré spheres, the reconstruction of state vectors on these spheres, as well as the recovery of the non-separability and states-of-polarization for a variety of vector beams.
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Godin, V. V., M. N. Belousova, V. A. Belousov, and A. Е. Terekhova. "Agriculture in a digital era: threats and solutions." E-Management 3, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-3445-2020-1-4-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The need for digitalization of the agro-industrial complex is obvious – implementation of digital economy principles will create an institutional environment that meets modern realities and allows to generally improve production efficiency. Foreign experience of agriculture digitalization in the USA, Germany, Switzerland, and Ireland has been analysed in the article. Main technologies used for agro-industrial complex digitalization have been described. Advantages and potential of the smart farming implementation to control the accuracy of fertilizer application, prediction of adverse environmental events, quality improve of growing products and more open interaction between farmers and consumers, resource costs reduction and increase of farms profitability have been considered. Opportunities and obstacles for implementing technologies of the state project “Digital Agriculture” have been evaluated: big data, blockchain, smart farming, quantum technologies, Internet of things, robotics, wireless communications, virtual and augmented realities. Ingeneral the main obstacles are related to high cost of introducing new technologies, lack of necessary knowledge among farmers, lack of legal framework and standards, and lack of information and software protection mechanism. Barriers and their potential solutions in the process of agriculture digitalization in Russia have been defined in the article. Main solutions to overcome the barriers described include: favorable regulatory environment for digital agriculture development, information and economic security of agricultural producers, nationwide information and communication infrastructure for the industry (including provision of public services on the basis of a single cloud platform), necessary training for “intellectual” agriculture, implementation of digital technologies in related industries, development of the agricultural digital enterprise concept and the way of its implementation.
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Kosorukov, Artem Andreevich. "Advanced technological solutions in the sphere of establishing neuro-digital public administration." Социодинамика, no. 6 (June 2021): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2021.6.35675.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The subject of this research is the advanced technological solutions associated with the transition from digital to neuro-communication technologies in the sphere of public administration. The author explores the current stage of development of the NeuroNet, which is the new-generation information and communication network, which promotes the transition from the data-centrism of digital government towards the intelligence-centrism of neuro-digital public administration. The article also considers the possibility of connecting brain-computer interfaces in the sphere of interpersonal communication, contributing to the formation of neurocognitive level of mass communication, neuro-digital interaction between the government authorities and the citizens. At the same time, one of the crucial aspects of the neuro-communicative environment is the digital equivalents of a human, the Internet of things and objects of material infrastructure, which e shift the management processes to the sphere of virtual and augmented reality. The novelty of the this work consists in disclosure of the applied aspects of implementation of quantum communications in digital infrastructure of public administration, which ensure secure interdepartmental document flow, as well as dialogue with citizens, including on the level of neuro-communications, and allow effectively counteracting quantum hacking. Digital sensorics and technical bionics, combining the capabilities of control of unmanned transport vehicles and robotics, significantly impacting the development of a “smart city” based on the big data and predictive analytics, and reflecting the neural network structure of the digital state, make a considerable contribution to the scientific novelty of this research, and simultaneously actualize the aspect of neuro-communication as personal biodata and biosafety.
Дисертації з теми "Digital quantum state implementation"
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Bakolo, Rodwell S. "Design and implementation of a RSFQ superconductive digital electronics cell library." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17936.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) cells are key in the design of complex and applicable RSFQ electronic circuits. These cells are low-level circuit elements that are used repeatedly to build larger, applicable RSFQ circuitry. Making these cells simple to layout and manufacture, but reliable for extensive use demands a careful development process for RSFQ cells. Cell functionality is verified through simulations, thereafter the cell is laid out in special software packages. Inductance of on-chip superconductor structures is extracted through careful modelling with numerical field solver software. A cell library has been developed by incorporating existing or published cells after further analysis and optimization, as well as developing new cells. Cells that have been adapted into the library include the Josephson transmission line (JTL), Splitter, Merger, D-Flip Flop (DFF), T-Flip Flop (TFF), NOT, AND, OR and XOR, DC-SFQ and SFQ-DC and PTL Driver and Receivers. New cells include NOR, NAND and XNOR. The cells were designed for the IPHT’s RSFQ1D 1kA/cmª and Hypres’ 4.5kA/cmª processes. The cells in the library have good bias current operating margins obtained through simulations (> ±26%). All cells have all the parameters listed in the thesis including extracted inductance values. In order to have a complete and verified RSFQ cell library, cells have been sent for fabrication at IPHT and Hypres facilities. These cells can now be tested on-chip, in the laboratory, to establish functionality and practical bias current margins. All test signal patterns and bias currents required for testing are defined to allow co-workers or collaborators to test the cells.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: "Rapid Single Flux Quantum" (RSFQ) selle is van sleutelbelang in die ontwerp van komplekse en toepaslike RSFQ elektroniese stroombane. Hierdie selle is laevlak stroombaanelemente wat herhaaldelik gebruik word om groter RSFQ bane mee te bou. Versigtige ontwikkeling is nodig om hierdie selle eenvoudig vir uitleg en vervaardiging te hou terwyl dit ook betroubaar is vir wye gebruik. Selfunksionaliteit word geverifieer deur middel van simulasies, waarna selle vir vervaardiging uitgelê word in spesiale sagtewarepakette. Induktansie van supergeleierstrukture op vervaardigde skyfies word deur versigtige modellering met behulp van numeriese veldoplossingsagteware onttrek. In hierdie tesis is ’n selbiblioteek ontwerp deur bestaande (gepubliseerde) selle verder te analiseer en optimeer, en deur nuwe selle te ontwerp om die biblioteek volledig te maak. Selle wat aangepas is vir hierdie biblioteek sluit die Josephson-Transmissielyn (JTL), Verdeler, Samevoeger, DWipkring (DFF), T-Wipkring (TFF), NIE, EN, OF en XOF, asook die DC-SFQ en SFQ-DC selle en Passiewe Transmissielyn (PTL) drywers en ontvangers in. Nuwe selle sluit die NOF, NEN en XNOF hekke in. Die selle is ontwerp en uitgelˆe vir beide IPHT se RSFQ1D 1kA/cmª en Hypres se4.5kA/cmª prosesse. Die selle in die biblioteek toon goeie voorspanningstroom-werksmarges, soos verkry deur simulasie (> ±26%). Parameters en berekende induktansies vir alle selle word in die tesis gelys vir naslaandoeleindes. Vir die daarstel van ’n volledige en geverifieerde RSFQ selbiblioteek is selontwerpe vir vervaardiging na IPHT en Hypres gestuur. Aangesien vervaardiging slegs een maal per jaar by IPHT gedoen word, is die skyfies egter nog nie beskikbaar nie. Na vervaardiging kan die skyfies egter getoets word om selfunksionaliteit in die laboratorium te meet. Ten einde hierdie toetsing vir enige medewerker te vergemaklik, word alle toetsparameters soos voorspanningstroom en intreeseinpatrone in die tesis gedefinieer.
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Torres, Erik [Verfasser], and Stefanos [Akademischer Betreuer] Fasoulas. "Ab initio quantum-chemistry database for N2 (v, J) + N in a state-to-state implementation of the DSMC method / Erik Torres ; Betreuer: Stefanos Fasoulas." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1143597060/34.
Повний текст джерела
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Thomas, Tim. "THE IRIG 106 CHAPTER 10 SOLID-STATE ON-BOARD RECORDER STANDARD: A DATA PROCESSING PERSPECTIVE." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604884.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThe Telemetry Group (TG) of the Range Commanders Council (RCC) developed the Chapter 10 addition to the IRIG 106 standard to “establish a common interface standard for the implementation of solid-state digital data acquisition and on-board recording systems” ([1]). This standard is intended to allow the development of a common set of data playback/reduction software, minimizing the need for a large number of unique programs to handle proprietary data structures. This paper analyzes the Chapter 10 standard from a data processing perspective, providing insight into the benefits and challenges developers will face when writing Chapter 10 software.
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McLoughlin, James. "Development and implementation of an Yb+ ion trap experiment towards coherent manipulation and entanglement." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/40783/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Trapped ions are currently one of the most promising architectures for realising the quantum information processor. The long lived internal states are ideal for representing qubit states and, through controlled interactions with electromagnetic radiation, ions can be manipulated to execute coherent logic operations. In this thesis an experiment capable of trapping Yb+ ions, including 171Yb+, is presented. Since ion energy can limit the coherence of qubit manipulations, characterisation of an ion trap heating rate is vital. Using a trapped 174Yb+ ion a heating rate consistent with previous measurements of other ion species in similar ion traps is obtained. This result shows abnormal heating of Yb+ does not occur, further solidifying the suitability of this species for quantum information processing. Efficient creation, and cooling of trapped ions requires exact wavelengths for the ionising, cooling and repump transitions. A simple technique to measure the 1S0 ↔ 1P1 transition wavelengths, required for isotope selective photoionisation of neutral Yb, is developed. Using the technique new wavelengths, accurate to 60 MHz, are obtained and differ from previously published results by 660 MHz. Through a simple modification the technique can also predict Doppler shifted transition frequencies, which may be required in non-perpendicular atom-laser interactions. Using trapped ions, the 2S1=2 ↔ 2P1/2 Doppler cooling and 2D3/2 ↔ 2D[3/2]1/2 repump transitions are also measured to a greater accuracy than previously reported. Many experiments require wavelengths which can only be obtained using complex expensive laser systems. To remedy this a simple cost effective laser is developed to enable laser diodes to be operated at sub zero temperatures, extending the range of obtainable wavelengths. Additional diode modulation capabilities allow for the manipulation of atoms and ions with hyperfine structures. The laser is shown to be suitable for manipulating Yb+ ions by cooling a diode from 372 nm to 369 nm and simultaneously generating 2.1 GHz frequency sidebands. Coherent manipulation such as arbitrary qubit rotations, motional coupling and ground state cooling, are required for trapped ion quantum computing. Two photon stimulated Raman transitions are identified as a suitable technique to implement all of these requirements and an investigation into implementing this technique with 171Yb+ is conducted. The possibility of exciting a Raman transition via either a dipole or quadrupole transitions in 171Yb+ is analysed, with dipole transitions preferred because quadrupole transitions are found to be too demanding experimentally. An inexpensive setup, utilising a dipole transition, is designed and tested. Although currently limited the setup shows potential to be an inexpensive, high fidelity method of exciting a Raman transition.
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Patel, Dipesh Ishwerbhai. "Architectural considerations for a control system processor." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern design methodologies for control systems create controllers with dynamics which are of a similar order to the physical system being controlled. When these are implemented digitally as Infinite Impulse Response (HR) filters the processing requirements are extensive, in particular when high sample rates are necessary to minimise the detrimental effects of sample delay. The aim of the research was to apply signal processing techniques to facilitate the implementation of control algorithms in digital form, with the principal objective of maximising the computational efficiency, either to achieve the highest possible sample rates using a given processor, or to minimise the processor complexity for a given requirement. One of the approaches is to design a fixed point processor whose architecture is optimised to meet the computational requirements of signal processing for control, thereby maximising what can be achieved with a single processor. Hence the aim of the research was to head towards a processor architecture optimised for Control System Processing. The design of this processor is based on a unified structural form and it will be shown that controllers, represented either in state space form or as transfer functions, can be implemented using this unified structure. The structure is based on the σ-operator, which has been shown to be robust to changes in coefficients and hence require shorter coefficient wordlength to achieve a comparable performance to traditional z-operator based structures. Additionally, the σ-operator structures are also shown to have lower wordlength requirements for the internal variables. Also presented is a possible architecture for a Control System Processor and a model for the processor is developed and constructed using VHDL. This is simulated on a test bench, also designed in VHDL. The results of implementing a phase advance controller on the processor are then compared with those obtained from a MATLAB simulation.
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Araujo, Marcos Paulo Mello. "Síntese evolucionária de circuitos sequenciais inspirada nos princípios da computação quântica." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7448.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Esta dissertação investiga a aplicação dos algoritmos evolucionários inspirados na computação quântica na síntese de circuitos sequenciais. Os sistemas digitais sequenciais representam
uma classe de circuitos que é capaz de executar operações em uma determinada sequência.
Nos circuitos sequenciais, os valores dos sinais de saída dependem não só dos valores dos sinais
de entrada como também do estado atual do sistema. Os requisitos cada vez mais exigentes
quanto à funcionalidade e ao desempenho dos sistemas digitais exigem projetos cada vez mais
eficientes. O projeto destes circuitos, quando executado de forma manual, se tornou demorado
e, com isso, a importância das ferramentas para a síntese automática de circuitos cresceu rapidamente.
Estas ferramentas conhecidas como ECAD (Electronic Computer-Aided Design) são
programas de computador normalmente baseados em heurísticas. Recentemente, os algoritmos
evolucionários também começaram a ser utilizados como base para as ferramentas ECAD. Estas
aplicações são referenciadas na literatura como eletrônica evolucionária. Os algoritmos mais
comumente utilizados na eletrônica evolucionária são os algoritmos genéticos e a programação
genética. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo da aplicação dos algoritmos evolucionários inspirados
na computação quântica como uma ferramenta para a síntese automática de circuitos
sequenciais. Esta classe de algoritmos utiliza os princípios da computação quântica para melhorar
o desempenho dos algoritmos evolucionários. Tradicionalmente, o projeto dos circuitos
sequenciais é dividido em cinco etapas principais: (i) Especificação da máquina de estados;
(ii) Redução de estados; (iii) Atribuição de estados; (iv) Síntese da lógica de controle e (v)
Implementação da máquina de estados. O Algoritmo Evolucionário Inspirado na Computação
Quântica (AEICQ) proposto neste trabalho é utilizado na etapa de atribuição de estados. A
escolha de uma atribuição de estados ótima é tratada na literatura como um problema ainda
sem solução. A atribuição de estados escolhida para uma determinada máquina de estados
tem um impacto direto na complexidade da sua lógica de controle. Os resultados mostram que
as atribuições de estados obtidas pelo AEICQ de fato conduzem à implementação de circuitos
de menor complexidade quando comparados com os circuitos gerados a partir de atribuições
obtidas por outros métodos. O AEICQ e utilizado também na etapa de síntese da lógica de
controle das máquinas de estados. Os circuitos evoluídos pelo AEICQ são otimizados segundo
a área ocupada e o atraso de propagação. Estes circuitos são compatíveis com os circuitos
obtidos por outros métodos e em alguns casos até mesmo superior em termos de área e de
desempenho, sugerindo que existe um potencial de aplicação desta classe de algoritmos no
projeto de circuitos eletrônicos.This thesis investigates the application of quantum inspired evolutionary algorithms in the synthesis of sequential circuits. Sequential digital systems represent a class of circuit that is able to execute operations in a particular sequence. In sequential circuits, the values of output signals not only depend on the values of input signals but also on the current state of the system. The increasingly high requirements regarding the functionality and performance of digital systems demand more efficient designs. The design of these circuits, when implemented manually, became slow and thus the importance of tools for automatic synthesis of circuits grew rapidly. These tools known as ECAD (Electronic Computer-Aided Design) are computer programs usually based on heuristics. Recently, evolutionary algorithms also began to be used as a basis in ECAD tools developing. These applications are referenced in literature as evolutionary electronics. The algorithms most commonly used in evolutionary electronics are genetic algorithms and genetic programming. This work presents a study of the application of quantum inspired evolutionary algorithms as a tool for automatic synthesis of sequential circuits. This class of algorithms uses the principles of quantum computing to improve the performance of evolutionary algorithms. Traditionally, the design of sequential circuits is divided into five main steps: (i) State machine specification; (ii) Reduction of states; (iii) State assignment; (iv) Control logic synthesis and (v) Implementation of the state machine. The proposed algorithm AEICQ is used in the state assignment design step. The choice of an optimal state assignment is treated in the literature as an issue still unresolved. The state assignment chosen for a particular state machine has a direct impact on the complexity of its control logic. The results show that the state assignment obtained by AEICQ in fact leads to the implementation of circuits of less complexity when compared with the ones generated from assignments obtained by other methods. The AEICQ is also used in the control logic synthesis of the state machine. The circuits evolved by AEICQ are optimized according to the area occupied and the propagation delay. These circuits are compatible with the circuits obtained by other methods and in some cases even higher in terms of area and performance, suggesting that there is a potential for application of this class of algorithms in the design of electronic circuits.
7
Wolswijk, Louise. "Equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium physics of Bose gases at finite temperature." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/347823.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The physics of ultracold quantum gases has been the subject of a long-lasting and intense research activity, which started almost a century ago with purely theoretical studies and had a fluorishing experimental development after the implementation of laser and evaporative cooling techniques that led to the first realization of a Bose Einstein condensate (BEC) over 25 years ago.
In recent years, a great interest in ultracold atoms has developed for their use as platforms for quantum technologies, given the high degree of control and tunability offered by ultracold atom systems. These features make ultracold atoms an ideal test bench for simulating and studying experimentally, in a controlled environment, physical phenomena analogous to those occurring in other, more complicated, or even inaccessible systems, which is the idea at the heart of quantum simulation. In the rapidly developing field of quantum technologies, it is highly important to acquire an in-depth understanding of the state of the quantum many-body system that is used, and of the processes needed to reach the desired state. The preparation of the system in a given target state often involves the crossing of second order phase transitions, bringing the system strongly out-of-equilibrium. A better understanding of the out-of-equilibrium processes occurring in the vicinity of the transition, and of the relaxation dynamics towards the final equilibrium condition, is crucial in order to produce well-controlled quantum states in an efficient way. In this thesis I present the results of the research activity that I performed during my PhD at the BEC1 laboratory of the BEC center, working on ultracold gases of 23Na atoms in an elongated harmonic trap. This work had two main goals: the accurate determination of the equilibrium properties of a Bose gas at finite temperature, by the measurement of its equation of state, and the investigation of the out-of-equilibrium dynamics occurring when a Bose Einstein condensate is prepared by cooling a thermal cloud at a finite rate across the BEC phase transition.To study the equilibrium physics of a trapped atomic cloud, it is crucial to be able to observe its density distribution in situ. This requires a high optical resolution to accurately obtain the density profile of the atomic distribution, from which thermodynamic quantities can then be extracted. In particular, in a partially condensed atomic cloud at finite temperature, it is challenging to resolve well also the boundaries of the BEC, where the condensate fraction rapidly drops in a narrow spatial region. This required an upgrade of the experimental apparatus in order to obtain a high enough resolution. I designed, tested and implemented in the experimental setup new imaging systems for all main directions of view. Particular attention was paid for the vertical imaging system, which was designed to image the condensates in trap with a resolution below 2 μm, with about a factor 4 improvement compared to the previous setup. The implementation of the new imaging systems involved a partial rebuilding of the experimental apparatus used for cooling the atoms. This created the occasion for an optimization of the whole system to obtain more stable working conditions. Concurrently I also realized and included in the experiment an optical setup for the use of a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) to project time-dependent arbitrary light patterns on the atoms, creating optical potentials that can be controlled at will. The use of this device opens up exciting future scenarios where it will be possible to locally modify the trapping potential and to create well-controlled barriers moving through the atomic cloud. Another challenge in imaging the density distribution in situ is determined by the fact that the maximum optical density (OD) of the BEC, in the trap center, exceeds the low OD of the thermal tails by several orders of magnitude. In order to obtain an accurate image of the whole density profile, we developed a minimally destructive, multi-shot imaging technique, based on the partial transfer of a fraction of atoms to an auxiliary state, which is then probed. Taking multiple images at different extraction fractions, we are able to reconstruct the whole density profile of the atomic cloud avoiding saturation and maintaining a good signal to noise ratio. This technique, together with the improvements in the imaging resolution, has allowed us to accurately obtain the optical density profile of the Bose gas in trap, from which the 3D density profile was then calculated applying an inverse Abel transform, taking advantage of the symmetry of the trap. From images of the same cloud after a time-of-flight expansion, we measured the temperature of the gas. From these quantities we could find the pressure as a function of the density and temperature, determining the canonical equation of state of the weakly interacting Bose gas in equilibrium at finite temperature. These measurements also allowed us to clearly observe the non-monotonic temperature behavior of the chemical potential near the critical point for the phase transition, a feature that characterizes also other superfluid systems, but that had never been observed before in weakly interacting Bose gases. The second part of this thesis work is devoted to the study of the dynamical processes that occur during the formation of the BEC order parameter within a thermal cloud. The cooling at finite rate across the Bose-Einstein condensation transition brings the system in a strongly out-of-equilibrium state, which is worth investigating, together with the subsequent relaxation towards an equilibrium state. This is of interest also in view of achieving a better understanding of second order phase transitions in general, since such phenomena are ubiquitous in nature and relevant also in other platforms for quantum technologies. A milestone result in the study of second order phase transitions is given by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism, which provides a simple model capturing important aspects of the evolution of a system that crosses a second-order phase transition at finite rate. It is based on the principle that in an extended system the symmetry breaking associated with a continuous phase transition can take place only locally. This causes the formation of causally disconnected domains of the order parameter, at the boundaries of which topological defects can form, whose number and size scale with the rate at which the transition is crossed, following a universal power law. It was originally developed in the context of cosmology, but was later successfully tested in a variety of systems, including superfluid helium, superconductors, trapped ions and ultracold atoms. The BEC phase transition represents in this context a paradigmatic test-bench, given the high degree of control at which this second-order phase transition can be crossed by means of cooling ramps at different rates. Already early experiments investigated the formation of the BEC order parameter within a thermal cloud, after quasi-instantaneous temperature quenches or very slow evaporative cooling. In the framework of directly testing the Kibble-Zurek mechanism, further experiments were performed, both in 2D and 3D systems, focusing on the emergence of coherence and on the statistics of the spontaneously generated topological defects as a function of the cooling rate. The Kibble-Zurek mechanism, however, does not fully describe the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the system at the transition, nor the post-quench interaction mechanisms between domains that lead to coarse-graining. Most theoretical models are based on a direct linear variation of a single control parameter, e.g. the temperature, across the transition. In real experiments, the cooling process is controlled by the tuning of other experimental parameters and a global temperature might not even be well defined, in a thermodynamic sense, during the whole process. Moreover, the temperature variation is usually accompanied by the variation of other quantities, such as the number of atoms and the collisional rate, making it difficult to accurately describe the system and predict the post-quench properties. Recent works included effects going beyond the Kibble-Zurek mechanism, such as the inhomogeneity introduced by the trapping potential, the role of atom number losses, and the saturation of the number of defects for high cooling rates. These works motivate further studies, in particular of the dynamics taking place at early times, close to the crossing of the critical point. The aim of the work presented in this thesis is to further investigate the timescales associated to the formation and evolution of the BEC order parameter and its spatial fluctuations, as a function of the rate at which the transition point is crossed. We performed experiments producing BECs by means of cooling protocols that are commonly used in cold-atom laboratories, involving evaporative cooling in a magnetic trap. We explored a wide range of cooling rates across the transition and found a universal scaling for the growth of the BEC order parameter with the cooling rate and a finite delay in its formation. The latter was already observed in earlier works, but for a much more limited range of cooling rates. The evolution of the fluctuations of the order parameter was also investigated, with an analysis of the timescale of their decay during the relaxation of the system, from an initial strongly out-of-equilibrium condition to a final equilibrium state. This thesis is structured as follows: The first chapter presents the theoretical background, starting with a brief introduction to the concept of Bose Einstein condensation and a presentation of different models describing the thermodynamics of an equilibrium Bose gas. The second part of this chapter then deals with the out-of-equilibrium dynamics that is inevitably involved in the crossing of a second-order phase transition such as the one for Bose-Einstein condensation. The Kibble-Zurek mechanism is briefly reviewed and beyond KZ effects are pointed out, motivating a more detailed investigation of the timescales involved in the BEC formation. In the second chapter, I describe the experimental apparatus that we use to cool and confine the atoms. Particular detail is dedicated to the parts that have been upgraded during my PhD, such as the imaging system. In the third chapter I show our experimental results on the measurement of the equation of state of the weakly interacting uniform Bose gas at finite temperature. In the fourth chapter I present our results on the out-of-equilibrium dynamics in the formation of the condensate order parameter and its spatial fluctuations, as a function of different cooling rates.
8
Priyadarsini, Anjali V. "Efficient Quantum Algorithms for Linear Algebra Problems." Thesis, 2018. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5386.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many simulation problems can be expressed as time evolution under specific interactions,
from some simple initial state to a final state whose properties are to be investigated. In this
context, the Hamiltonian evolution problem has been extensively studied. Quantum simulations
can sum multiple evolutionary paths contributing to a quantum process in superposition at one
go, while classical simulations need to evaluate these paths one by one. Real physical systems are
governed by local Hamiltonians, i.e. where each component interacts only with a limited number
of its neighbours independent of the overall size of the system, which helps in parallelisation
of their simulations. The procedure is not simple, however. Although, in the 2n-dimensional
Hilbert space of n qubits, we can superpose 2n components evolving in parallel, we can measure
only n binary observables at the end. So the exponential gain of superposition is limited by
the restriction to extract only a small number of results at the end. This dichotomy means that
quantum algorithms will be advantageous only when the final observables are local in some
manner; no general prescription is available, and one has to look at the problems on a case by
case basis.
Early quantum evolution algorithms exploited locality of Hamiltonians for efficient use of
time and space resources during evolution [3, 4]. More recently, the error complexity of the
evolution has been reduced from power-law to logarithmic in the inverse error, using large step
discrete time algorithms [5–7]. After the Hamiltonian evolution, investigation of final state
properties requires expectation values of various observables to be measured. The problem of
how to do this efficiently has not been adequately addressed so far. Since quantum measurements
are probabilistic, determination of the expectation values needs multiple repetitions of the same
algorithm. Thereafter, importance sampling or phase estimation based results yield errors that
decrease as power-law in the number of repetitions [8, 9], e.g. Niter × *2 as per the central
limit theorem, and that is not efficient. What we want is a strategy that decreases the errors
exponentially with the number of repetitions, e.g. finding zeroes of a function by bisection
is efficient with Niter × log , and finding them by Newton’s method is super-efficient with
Niter × log log . While that may not be possible for generic observables, it can be achieved
for k-local observables that appear in evaluations of k-point Green’s functions for many-body
systems. We explicitly show how to do that.
The novel concept we introduce is a digital state representation of quantum states, which
maps non-unitary linear algebra operations to unitary operators. High precision calculations need
3 1.1. Scope of the Thesis
a digital representation instead of an analog one. Our digital representation for both the quantum
states and the operators maintains the expectation values of all physical observables. It combines
classical reversible logic with equally weighted linear superposition, and is essentially free of
the unitarity constraint for quantum states. This digital implementation can help in construction
of efficient quantum algorithms for many linear algebra problems.
9
Tawfik, Ayman El-Sayed. "Realization and implementation of state-space IIR digital filters." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6176.
Повний текст джерела
10
Mundkur, Sameer Shailesh. "Design and implementation of a digital controller for high power converters." 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11062008-124151/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Digital quantum state implementation"
1
Pashencev, Dmitriy, Aleksandra Dorskaya, and Maksim Zaloilo. The concept of a digital state and a digital legal environment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1288140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of digital technologies, large-scale digitalization that has covered all advanced countries, the entry of states into the era of the sixth technological order lead to significant changes in the state itself, its structure and functions. The monograph reveals the fundamental transformations of the modern state under the influence of the digital and technological vector of its development.
Special attention is paid to qualitative technological changes in the main areas of state activity, the processes of creating legal norms (law-making) and their practical implementation (legal realization).
The digital state emerging under the influence of new technologies acts as a theoretical model of the state of the future. Going beyond the strict scientific rationality in its classical sense allowed us to study the post-modern state, the phenomenon of which is increasingly becoming a reality and is embodied through the digital legal environment.
For scientists, practitioners of public authorities, graduate students, students of law faculties.
2
Agamagomedova, Elena, Irina Androsova, Tat'yana Babich, Anastasiya Bragina, Yuliya Vertakova, Ol'ga Nepochatyh, Mariya Klevcova, Vladimir Plotnikov, Yuliya Polozhenceva, and Ekaterina Charochkina. Implementation of the state economic policy in the era of the formation of a neo-industrial society. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1836242.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph examines the implementation of state economic policy in the era of the formation of a neo-industrial society. The authors have developed new conceptual approaches, methodologies and scientifically based recommendations for the formation of new fundamental principles for the implementation of the state's economic policy in the era of technological and social transformation to ensure promising technological leadership and the creation of an "adaptive territory" in the conditions of the new industrial revolution and the digital economy, which corresponds to modern and promising trends of socio-economic development.
It is intended for researchers, teachers of economic and managerial disciplines, specialists of enterprises, organizations and institutions, as well as graduate students and undergraduate and graduate students.
3
Bobyr', Maksim, Vitaliy Titov, and Vladimir Ivanov. Design of analog and digital devices. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1070341.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook contains the material necessary for the formation of students ' knowledge of the basics of analog and digital circuitry and the principles of building digital nodes, instilling skills in the development and design of digital devices, as well as performing practical work and a course project in the discipline "electrical Engineering, electronics and circuit engineering". Methods of calculation of analog circuits and synthesis of discrete devices of combinational type and automata with memory are considered. Examples of calculation of analog circuits and implementation of digital devices for various purposes on integrated circuits are given. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher education institutions studying in the field of training 09.03.01 "computer Science and engineering". It can be useful for students of the areas of training "Design and technology of electronic means", "Biotechnical systems and technologies"and" Information security".
4
SAVEL'EVA, Ekaterina, Anna Fedchenko, and Ol'ga Gegechkori. Fundamentals of labor organization in digital ecosystems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1063619.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook comprehensively presents the regularities of the formation of the theory and practice of labor organization in digital ecosystems. The key issues of digital labor organization are considered: development and implementation of project-network forms of division and cooperation of labor; design of optimal labor processes based on modern information and communication technologies; formation of rational labor mobility and labor flows; development and implementation of sound norms and rules in the field of digital labor; training of labor agents to work in the digital space; creation of balanced remuneration systems, recruitment and retention of labor agents, etc. Methodological principles of digital labor organization are highlighted, as well as approaches for studying and solving theoretical and practical issues of modern labor organization.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the areas of training 38.03.03 "Personnel Management", 38.03.02 "Management", 38.03.01 "Economics", studying labor organization issues, as well as project managers, HR specialists, labor organization engineers, ergonomists, production coordinators in distributed communities, community development program coordinators, course students, graduate students, teachers.
5
Petrova, Inga. Digital technologies as a financial control tool. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1234413.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook reveals the concept and meaning of digital technologies, the legal nature of information interaction in the implementation of control measures based on general theoretical concepts and regulatory legal acts. Special attention is paid to the types of information systems used in the control process in the financial and budgetary sphere. The necessity of creating information systems based on international experience, global indices and rules of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is justified. The article defines the specific characteristics of the state information systems used in the control (monitoring) in the financial and budgetary sphere, and also considers the subsystems that make up the state integrated information system "Electronic Budget" and other information systems in the information space of the Russian Federation. The article analyzes interdepartmental information interaction and digital methods that ensure the protection of information in the course of financial control. For graduate students, postgraduates and teachers of law and non-legal universities, as well as for practitioners.
6
Vlasov, Vladimir, Veniamin Bogumil, and Ali Baytulaev. Digital infrastructure and telematics systems for monitoring the maintenance of roads. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1014643.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook gives the concept of digital infrastructure, shows its role as the technological basis of modern telematics systems for monitoring the maintenance of roads. The issues of creating and using elements of digital infrastructure in the road sector, as well as technological processes of automated control of maintenance of roads, streets, and highways are considered. The requirements for the main functions and characteristics of the telematics equipment of road vehicles and mechanisms are given.
The material of the manual is based on the results of theoretical research and practical work on the creation and implementation of automated control systems for the maintenance of roads.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in technical areas of training and specialties.
7
Balynin, Igor', Natal'ya Vlasova, Aleksey Gubernatorov, Lyudmila Koreckaya, Dmitriy Kuznecov, Evgeniy Lomov, Tat'yana Nikerova, et al. Corporate finance. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1013023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook deals with the organization of corporate management in the innovation and digital economy, describes the direction of investment policy and the mechanism of its implementation in the activities of the Corporation. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms and methods of financing the Corporation's activities, as well as applied aspects of modeling business processes and their effectiveness.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
It is intended for students studying in the areas of "management" and "Economics", and can also be useful for graduate students and teachers.
8
Agamagomedova, Saniyat, Ol'ga Bakaeva, and Ol'ga Grechkina. Control and supervisory activities of customs authorities in the context of digitalization and integration of the economy. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1907066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph is devoted to the implementation of the control and supervisory functions of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation in the context of digital and integration agendas. The theoretical foundations of the construction of control and supervisory activities of customs authorities are investigated, the author's methodology of its doctrinal positioning is proposed, the correlation of various types of state control and supervision in the activities of customs authorities is substantiated. It is of interest to consider the control and supervisory activities of customs authorities in the context of the introduction of digital mechanisms, the use of artificial intelligence, as well as the development of integration processes on the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union.
For teachers, researchers, postgraduates and practitioners interested in the activities of customs authorities.
9
Maslevich, Tat'yana. Business process management: from theory to practice. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1037144.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook examines the theoretical foundations of business process management of a modern enterprise, presents a practical approach to the identification, classification of processes and implementation of process management, which can be applied in practice in the activities of organizations in the context of innovation and digital transformation of business. At the end of the chapters, there are questions, test and practical tasks for the purpose of self-control on the development of the material. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is recommended for use by teachers, undergraduate and graduate students and students of MBA programs studying in economic disciplines, management and management activities, as well as specialists of economic, consulting, innovation, and planning departments of enterprises.
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Ismailov, Nariman, Samira Nadzhafova, and Aygyun Gasymova. Bioecosystem complexes for the solution of environmental, industrial and social problems (on the example of Azerbaijan). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1043239.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A key objective of the modern development of society is the observance of ecological and socio-economic unity in human life
and comprehensive improvement of environment and quality of life should be considered in close connection with the quality of the natural landscape. The formation of scientific understanding of the unity of society and nature is driven by the need for practical implementation of such unity. This defines the focus of this monograph. Given the overall assessment of the current state of the environment in Azerbaijan, considers the scenarios for the future development of the area. The prospects of the use of biotechnology in integrated environmental protection. In the framework of the above to address complex social, environmental and production problems in Azerbaijan developed scientific basis of integrated system of industrial farms — biclusters with a closed production cycle through effective utilization of regional biological resources,
whose interactions and relationships take on the character of vzaimodeistvie components for obtaining focused final result with high practical importance. Microbiological, biochemical
and technological processes are the basis of all development of biotechnology. Presents the development will help strengthen the ties between science and production, establishing mechanisms to conduct applied research in the field of innovation and creation of knowledge-based technologies in solving current and future environmental problems in Azerbaijan.
We offer innovative ideas distinguishes the potential need for their materialization into new products, technologies and services, including the widespread use of digital technologies to design dynamic digital environmental map in space and in time.
For students, scientific and engineering-technical workers, students and specializing in environmental technology, environmental protection.
Частини книг з теми "Digital quantum state implementation"
1
Putz, Stefan. "Experimental Implementation—Solid-State Hybrid Quantum System." In Circuit Cavity QED with Macroscopic Solid-State Spin Ensembles, 51–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66447-7_4.
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Beckwith, Luke, Robert Wallace, Kamyar Mohajerani, and Kris Gaj. "A High-Performance Hardware Implementation of the LESS Digital Signature Scheme." In Post-Quantum Cryptography, 57–90. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40003-2_3.
Повний текст джерела
3
Wang, Sen, and Li Cai. "Novel Exclusive-OR Gate and Full Adders Implementation Using Quantum Cellular Automata." In Solid State Phenomena, 565–70. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-30-2.565.
Повний текст джерела
4
Cappellaro, Paola. "Implementation of State Transfer Hamiltonians in Spin Chains with Magnetic Resonance Techniques." In Quantum State Transfer and Network Engineering, 183–222. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39937-4_6.
Повний текст джерела
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Hajji, Bekkay, Adel Mellit, and Loubna Bouselham. "Finite State Machines." In A Practical Guide for Simulation and FPGA Implementation of Digital Design, 175–205. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0615-2_5.
Повний текст джерела
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Sgouros, Nikitas M. "Embedding and Implementation of Quantum Computational Concepts in Digital Narratives." In Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2015, 140–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24589-8_11.
Повний текст джерела
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Imhof, Christof, Per Bergamin, and Stéphanie McGarrity. "Implementation of Adaptive Learning Systems: Current State and Potential." In Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age, 93–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48190-2_6.
Повний текст джерела
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Mergel, Ines. "Digital Transformation of the German State." In Public Administration in Germany, 331–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53697-8_19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractDigital transformation of the German public sector is embedded in a large-scale reform focussing on digitalisation and de-bureaucratisation of public services. By 2022, 575 public services will have been digitised. Digitalisation is, however, a contested topic in Germany: modernisation efforts have been stalled resulting in backlogs and the delay of IT consolidation of outdated legacy systems. At the same time, however, innovation pockets are emerging across all levels of government. The chapter first provides an overview of the legal basis of digital transformation, centralised and decentralised organisational embeddedness of administrative responsibilities and then highlights insights into selected implementation cases.
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Lee, L. H. Charles, and Patrick G. Farrell. "Scarce-State-Transition Viterbi Decoding of Punctured Convolutional Codes for VLSI Implementation." In Digital Signal Processing for Communication Systems, 327–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6119-4_36.
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Karmakar, Supriya. "Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) and Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) Using Quantum Dot Gate Field-Effect Transistor (QDGFET)." In Novel Three-state Quantum Dot Gate Field Effect Transistor, 81–104. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1635-3_7.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Digital quantum state implementation"
1
Salemian, Shamsolah, and Shahram Mohammad Nejad. "A novel approach to implementation of quantum entanglement purification in optical quantum communication." In Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2008.4610738.
Повний текст джерела
2
Ali, Sellami, and Omer Mahmoud. "Implementation of SARG04 decoy state quantum key distribution." In 2011 6th International Conference on Telecommunication Systems, Services, and Applications (TSSA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tssa.2011.6095412.
Повний текст джерела
3
Stefanov, A., R. Prevedel, P. Bohi, T. Jennewein, R. Kaltenbaek, F. Tiefenbacher, P. Walther, and A. Zeilinger. "Implementation of Quantum Algorithms using Optical Cluster State." In 2007 European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the International Quantum Electronics Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2007.4386754.
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Urrego, Daniel F., M. H. M. Passos, and Juan P. Torres. "Experimental implementation of a quantum Differential Interference Constrast (DIC) microscope." In Advanced Solid State Lasers. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assl.2022.jw6a.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We demonstrate experimentally a quantum version of Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) microscopy that makes use of the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect for phase retrieval. Contrary to other methods that use the HOM effect for imaging, our scheme does not require either the use of a reference photon with a well characterized spatial shape, neither numerical processing of the signal measured. The method can generate images of samples with subwavelength thickness, and these images can be obtained from experimental data in a straightforward manner.
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Manouchehri, K., J. B. Wang, Hsi-Sheng Goan, and Yueh-Nan Chen. "Solid State Implementation of Quantum Random Walks on General Graphs." In SOLID-STATE QUANTUM COMPUTING: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Solid-State Quantum Computing & Mini-School on Quantum Information Science. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3037138.
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Beckert, Adrian, Joe Bailey, Guy Matmon, Simon Gerber, Hans Sigg, and Gabriel Aeppli. "LiY1-xHoxF4: a candidate material for the implementation of solid state qubits (Conference Presentation)." In Quantum Technologies, edited by Andrew J. Shields, Jürgen Stuhler, and Miles J. Padgett. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2307317.
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Galimberti, Andrea, Davide Galli, Gabriele Montanaro, William Fornaciari, and Davide Zoni. "FPGA implementation of BIKE for quantum-resistant TLS." In 2022 25th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsd57027.2022.00078.
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Boden, M., M. Koegst, J. L. T. Badia, and S. Rulke. "Cost-efficient implementation of adaptive finite state machines." In Euromicro Symposium on Digital System Design, 2004. DSD 2004. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsd.2004.1333270.
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Sobreira, Gustavo, Claudio Lima, Alok Kumar, David J. Rossi, and Robert Edward Sauve. "State-of-Art Digital Oilfield Implementation in Petrobras Campos Basin." In SPE Intelligent Energy Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/128766-ms.
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Wang, Fu-yuan, Yong-liang Li, Jiang-tao Xi, and Joe Chicharo. "Implementation of a Quasi-digital ADC on PLD." In 2006 8th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology Proceedings. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsict.2006.306449.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Digital quantum state implementation"
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Vakaliuk, Tetiana A., Dmytro S. Antoniuk, and Vladimir N. Soloviev. The state of ICT implementation in institutions of general secondary education: a case of Ukraine. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3855.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of digital technology in various fields of education today is one of the most important trends in the educational process in the world. The article presents the results of the analysis of the current state of implementation of ICT in the educational process of institutions of general secondary education in Ukraine. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among students of the first year of the Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, within which 17 questions were asked to students related to the use of information and communication technologies in the educational process. As a result of the research, the introduction of the discipline “Educational technologies and digital education” into the training of future information technology specialists was substantiated, as well as the certification educational program “Information systems and cloud technologies in the educational process”, designed for general education teachers, educators for higher education institutions, experts in the field of additional educational services, and other professionals.
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Allende López, Marcos, Diego López, Sergio Cerón, Antonio Leal, Adrián Pareja, Marcelo Da Silva, Alejandro Pardo, et al. Quantum-Resistance in Blockchain Networks. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003313.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes the work carried out by the Inter-American Development Bank, the IDB Lab, LACChain, Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC), and Tecnológico de Monterrey to identify and eliminate quantum threats in blockchain networks. The advent of quantum computing threatens internet protocols and blockchain networks because they utilize non-quantum resistant cryptographic algorithms. When quantum computers become robust enough to run Shor's algorithm on a large scale, the most used asymmetric algorithms, utilized for digital signatures and message encryption, such as RSA, (EC)DSA, and (EC)DH, will be no longer secure. Quantum computers will be able to break them within a short period of time. Similarly, Grover's algorithm concedes a quadratic advantage for mining blocks in certain consensus protocols such as proof of work. Today, there are hundreds of billions of dollars denominated in cryptocurrencies that rely on blockchain ledgers as well as the thousands of blockchain-based applications storing value in blockchain networks. Cryptocurrencies and blockchain-based applications require solutions that guarantee quantum resistance in order to preserve the integrity of data and assets in their public and immutable ledgers. We have designed and developed a layer-two solution to secure the exchange of information between blockchain nodes over the internet and introduced a second signature in transactions using post-quantum keys. Our versatile solution can be applied to any blockchain network. In our implementation, quantum entropy was provided via the IronBridge Platform from CQC and we used LACChain Besu as the blockchain network.
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Nelson, Jennifer, Luis Tejerina, Alexandre Bagolle, Donghyun Kang, Elisa Martinez, Pablo Orefice, Myrna Marti, et al. Digital Health For All: Social Protection and Health Division Regional Policy Dialogue Report 2022. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004575.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Social Protection and Health (SPH) Division of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) held its annual Regional Policy Dialogue (RPD) Digital Health for All: Latin America and the Caribbeans golden opportunity to improve the efficiency, quality and equity of sector on September 12-14th 2022 in Panama City, Panama. The RPD brought together over 120 participants, including leaders from over 20 countries, vice-ministers of health and directors of technology and communications, and regional and global experts in digital health. The meeting sought to provide a setting to discuss what the IDB and different countries have learned in the past four years of implementation of digital health, structural challenges to scale digital health, and the measures needed to ensure that decisions made today are both sustainable and transformational. The meetings objectives broadly included discussing three topics: 1) how to ensure that digital health adds value in terms of improved efficiency, quality, and equity;2) policy considerations for linking digital health to health outcomes; and3) the future state of our region in terms of digital transformation of the health sector.This report provides an overview of the meeting, its main findings, and the steps that lie ahead on this journey.
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Gregor, Nicholas, Kofi Addo, Linda Al Atik, Gail Atkinson, David Boore, Yousef Bozorgnia, Kenneth Campbell, et al. Comparison of NGA-Sub Ground-Motion Models. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ubdv7944.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ground-motion models (GMMs) for subduction earthquakes recently developed as part of the NGA-Subduction (NGA-Sub) project are compared in this report. The three models presented in this comparison report are documented in their respective PEER reports. Two of the models are developed for a global version and as well regionalized models. The third model is developed based on earthquakes contain in the NGA-Sub dataset only from Japan and as such is applicable for Japan. As part of the comparisons presented in this report, deterministic calculations are provided for the global and regional cases amongst the models. The digital values and additional plots from these deterministic comparisons are provided as part of the electronic supplement for this report. In addition, ground-motion estimates are provided for currently published subduction GMMs. Two example probabilistic seismic hazard analysis calculations are also presented for two sites located in the Pacific Northwest Region in the state of Washington. Based on the limited comparisons presented in this report, a general understanding of these new GMMs can be appreciated with the expectation that the implementation for a specific seismic hazard study should incorporate similar and additional comparisons and sensitivity studies similar to the ones presented in this report.
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Osadcha, Kateryna, Viacheslav Osadchyi, Serhiy Semerikov, Hanna Chemerys, and Alona Chorna. The Review of the Adaptive Learning Systems for the Formation of Individual Educational Trajectory. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to the review of the adaptive learning systems. We considered the modern state and relevance of usage of the adaptive learning systems to be a useful tool of the formation of individual educational trajectory for achieving the highest level of intellectual development according to the natural abilities and inclination with the help of formation of individual trajectory of education, the usage of adaptive tests for monitoring of the quality of acquired knowledge, the formation of complicated model of the knowledge assessment, building of the complicated model of the subject of education, in particular considering the social-emotional characteristics. The existing classification of the adaptive learning systems was researched. We provide the comparative analysis of relevant adaptive learning systems according to the sphere of usage, the type of adaptive learning, the functional purpose, the integration with the existing Learning Management Systems, the appliance of modern technologies of generation and discernment of natural language and courseware features, ratings are based on CWiC Framework for Digital Learning. We conducted the research of the geography of usage of the systems by the institutions of higher education. We describe the perspectives of effective usage of adaptive systems of learning for the implementation and support of new strategies of learning and teaching and improvement of results of studies.
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Baral, Aniruddha, Jeffery Roesler, and Junryu Fu. Early-age Properties of High-volume Fly Ash Concrete Mixes for Pavement: Volume 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) is more cost-efficient, sustainable, and durable than conventional concrete. This report presents a state-of-the-art review of HVFAC properties and different fly ash characterization methods. The main challenges identified for HVFAC for pavements are its early-age properties such as air entrainment, setting time, and strength gain, which are the focus of this research. Five fly ash sources in Illinois have been repeatedly characterized through x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, and laser diffraction over time. The fly ash oxide compositions from the same source but different quarterly samples were overall consistent with most variations observed in SO3 and MgO content. The minerals present in various fly ash sources were similar over multiple quarters, with the mineral content varying. The types of carbon present in the fly ash were also characterized through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, loss on ignition, and foam index tests. A new computer vision–based digital foam index test was developed to automatically capture and quantify a video of the foam layer for better operator and laboratory reliability. The heat of hydration and setting times of HVFAC mixes for different cement and fly ash sources as well as chemical admixtures were investigated using an isothermal calorimeter. Class C HVFAC mixes had a higher sulfate imbalance than Class F mixes. The addition of chemical admixtures (both PCE- and lignosulfonate-based) delayed the hydration, with the delay higher for the PCE-based admixture. Both micro- and nano-limestone replacement were successful in accelerating the setting times, with nano-limestone being more effective than micro-limestone. A field test section constructed of HVFAC showed the feasibility and importance of using the noncontact ultrasound device to measure the final setting time as well as determine the saw-cutting time. Moreover, field implementation of the maturity method based on wireless thermal sensors demonstrated its viability for early opening strength, and only a few sensors with pavement depth are needed to estimate the field maturity.
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Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.