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Zhang, Hao Chi, Tie Jun Cui, Yu Luo, Jingjing Zhang, Jie Xu, Pei Hang He, and Le Peng Zhang. "Active digital spoof plasmonics." National Science Review 7, no. 2 (October 4, 2019): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz148.
Abstract Digital coding and digital modulation are the foundation of modern information science. The combination of digital technology with metamaterials provides a powerful scheme for spatial and temporal controls of electromagnetic waves. Such a technique, however, has thus far been limited to the control of free-space light. Its application to plasmonics to shape subwavelength fields still remains elusive. Here, we report the design and experimental realization of a tunable conformal plasmonic metasurface, which is capable of digitally coding and modulating designer surface plasmons at the deep-subwavelength scale. Based on dynamical switching between two discrete dispersion states in a controlled manner, we achieve digital modulations of both amplitude and phase of surface waves with nearly 100% modulation depth on a single device. Our study not only introduces a new approach for active dispersion engineering, but also constitutes an important step towards the realization of subwavelength integrated plasmonic circuits.
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Pamungkas, Wahyu, Anggun Fitrian Isnawati, and Adi Kurniawan. "Modulasi Digital Menggunakan Matlab." JURNAL INFOTEL - Informatika Telekomunikasi Elektronika 4, no. 2 (November 10, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/infotel.v4i2.102.
In telecommunication systems, the determination of the modulation system is an important method in the process of sending information from transmitter to receiver. In the simulation that is done using QPSK modulation system (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), 8-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 16-QAM (16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) that uses AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) channel in the transmission system uses MATLAB software. The execution of the simulation is aimed to describe how the characteristics of the waveform of each block of the modulator, to add noise in the AWGN channel and demodulator. Performance of modulation system testing is used BER (bit error ratio) method. Looking of the faults of comparison bits results of before and after the transmitted bits by using Monte Carlo simulation model. Testing on this simulation using the input data as much as 10.000 data symbols randomly and the level of Eb/No that is various for each modulation used. Performance results BER with the level of Eb / No at 1 dB of the simulated system modulation on the BER values obtained for QPSK 0.0570, 8-QAM at 0.1085 while the 16-QAM at 0.1582 and then the performance of QPSK modulation is the best. If the Eb / No is increased to 8 dB then the becomes BER QPSK smaller modulation is equal to 0.00035, the 8-QAM BER obtained at 0.0076, while the 16-QAM modulation to be 0.0139
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Rong, Li. "Automatic Recognition of M-Nary Digital Modulation Signals." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 1665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1665.
For the using of multi-modulation, the precondition of receiving and demodulating signal is to decide the type of the modulation. So automatic recognition of modulation signal has significant influences on the analysis of communication signals. In this paper, nine types of M-nary digital modulations are recognized by using four effective key features and utilizing the decision-theoretic approachThe simulation results shows that overall success rate is over 99% at SNR4dBThis algorithm is verified its good performance. It has simple structure, less calculation and good performance of real time. It can realize automatic modulation recognition.
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Mohammed, Raya Kahtan, and Hamsa Abdulkareem Abdullah. "Implementation of digital and analog modulation systems using FPGA." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp485-493.
<p><span>FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based implementations of digital and analog modulation techniques play a vital rule in the design of signal processing system. The performance and flexibility provided by reconfigurable computing speeds up the development process in signal processing implementations using FPGA. Different methods for digital and analog modulation are designed in this paper by usinSg System Generator tools & Vivado. Then all designed systems are implemented successfully in an FPGA hardware via the NEXYS 4 DDR with ARTIX 7 XC7A100T. A comparison between five types of digital modulation techniques is discussed in terms of resources utilization in FPGA hardware. And also, the implementation of analog modulations in FPGA is contributed in this work. The hardware implementation shows that the number of slice LUTs in ASK modulation is 0.07% while in FSK modulation is 0.13% of the total number of slice LUTs. And also, the number of bounded IO that used for PSK modulation is 4.8% while in PM modulation is 61.4% of the total number bounded IO.</span></p>
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Muñoz-Ramírez, Mauricio, Hugo Valderrama-Blavi, Marco Rivera, and Carlos Restrepo. "An Approach to Natural Sampling Using a Digital Sampling Technique for SPWM Multilevel Inverter Modulation." Energies 12, no. 15 (July 30, 2019): 2925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152925.
This paper introduces an approach that applies a digital sampling technique for a sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) multilevel inverter modulation that reduces the total harmonic contents in the output voltage compared to that of classical regular sampling techniques. This new modulation emulates with a high degree of fidelity a natural sampling pulse width modulation (PWM). The theoretical analysis of this new digital technique compared with natural sampling has been validated by simulations and through experiments with a built prototype that performed five–level inverter modulations with vertically displaced carriers in phase disposition. Both simulation and experimental results generate a SPWM output voltage with higher fidelity than classic regular sampling techniques, allowing a reduction of the filtering demands on the inverter output, which in turn can decrease the converter size and its manufacturing costs. As the presented technique is digital, the resulting modulation is more robust against switching noise, jitter, and other system perturbations and the modulation parameters can be changed easily, even in an automated way. For this reason, the modulation introduced here can be a useful tool to perform spectral analysis for different multilevel modulations and systems.
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Volkov, A. A., V. A. Kuzyukov, and M. S. Morozov. "MODEM OPTIONS FOR DIGITAL RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS." World of Transport and Transportation 15, no. 6 (December 28, 2017): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-6-4.
[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT New versions of the modulator and demodulator (modem) for the digital railway radio communication system GSM-R have been developed, which increase the noise immunity twofold. To realize «cos» and «sin» blocks, a phase modulator is used, two coherent quadrature demodulators are connected to its output in parallel. It is shown that «cos» block generates the signal cos [msinφ(t)], which is transferred to the operating frequency of the transmitter by means of subsequent blocks representing the structure of the one-side amplitude modulation driver, forming the final phase-modulated signal. It is proposed to detect an FM signal not from the modulation envelope, as it is done customary, but coherently, which excludes the quadrature component of the interference. Keywords: railway, radio communication, digital signal, Gaussian filter, modulation, coherent FM signal detector, noise immunity, frequency efficiency.
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Luţă, Alexandru-Daniel, and Paul Bechet. "An Algorithm for Automatic Recogniton of Digital QAM Modulations." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 25, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0114.
Abstract This paper proposes a new Matlab-developed algorithm for automatic recognition of digital modulations using the constellation of states. Using this technique the automatic distinction between four digital modulation schemes (8-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM and 64-QAM) was made. It has been seen that the efficiency of the algorithm is influenced by the type of modulation, the value of the signal-to-noise ratio and the number of samples. In the case of an AWGN noise channel the simulation results indicated that the value of SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) has a small influence on the recognition rate for lower-order QAM (8-QAM and 16-QAM). The length of the signal may change essentially the recognition rate of this algorithm especially for modulations with a high number of bits per symbol. Consequently, for the 64-QAM modulation in a case of 25dB signal-to-noise ratio the recognition rate is doubled if the sample rate is incresed from 5400 to 80640.
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Kushnirenko, N. I., and V. Ya Chechelnytskyi. "Digital modulation method based on perfect binary arrays." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet. Pratsi, no. 1 (June 10, 2014): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.1.43.2014.37.
Prakasam, P., and M. Madheswaran. "Digital Modulation Identification Model Using Wavelet Transform and Statistical Parameters." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2008 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/175236.
A generalized modulation identification scheme is developed and presented. With the help of this scheme, the automatic modulation classification and recognition of wireless communication signals with a priori unknown parameters are possible effectively. The special features of the procedure are the possibility to adapt it dynamically to nearly all modulation types, and the capability to identify. The developed scheme based on wavelet transform and statistical parameters has been used to identify M-ary PSK, M-ary QAM, GMSK, and M-ary FSK modulations. The simulated results show that the correct modulation identification is possible to a lower bound of 5 dB. The identification percentage has been analyzed based on the confusion matrix. When SNR is above 5 dB, the probability of detection of the proposed system is more than 0.968. The performance of the proposed scheme has been compared with existing methods and found it will identify all digital modulation schemes with low SNR.
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Sundareshan, B. "Digital Modulation—Baseband Techniques." IETE Journal of Education 33, no. 1 (January 1992): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09747338.1992.11436355.
In this thesis work, automatic recognition algorithms for digital modulated signals are surveyed.
Feature extraction and classification algorithm stages are the main parts of a modulation recognition system. Performance of the modulation recognition system mainly depends on the prior knowledge of some of the signal parameters, selection of the key features and classification algorithm selection.
Unfortunately, most of the features require some of the signal parameters such as carrier frequency, pulse shape, time of arrival, initial phase, symbol rate, signal to noise ratio, to be known or to be extracted. Thus, in this thesis, features which do not require prior knowledge of the signal parameters, such as the number of the peaks in the envelope histogram and the locations of these peaks, the number of peaks in the frequency histogram, higher order moments of the signal are considered. Particularly, symbol rate and signal to noise ratio estimation methods are surveyed. A method based on the cyclostationarity analysis is used for symbol rate estimation and a method based on the eigenvector decomposition is used for the estimation of signal to noise ratio. Also, estimated signal to noise ratio is used to improve the performance of the classification algorithm.
Two methods are proposed for modulation recognition:
1) Decision tree based method
2) Bayesian based classification method
A method to estimate the symbol rate and carrier frequency offset of minimum-shift keying (MSK) signal is also investigated.
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Ozturk, Uygar. "Chaotic Digital Modulation And Demodulation." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606895/index.pdf.
This thesis considers a communication system with chaotic modulation. Noise-like signals are generated by chaotic systems with different parameters to modulate binary digital signals. Demodulation is performed by both the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Optimum Decoding Based Smoothing Algorithm (ODSA). Simulations are performed using both of these algorithms for different parameters affecting the performance of the communication system. Simulation results of these algorithms are compared.
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Shankar, Udaya. "Implementation of digital modulation techniques using direct digital synthesis." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020333/.
Kempson, C. N. "Statistical techniques for digital modulation recognition." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277938.
Automatic modulation recognition is an important part of communications electronic monitoring and surveillance systems where it is used for signal sorting and receiver switching. ' This thesis introduces a novel application of multivariate statistical techniques to the problem of automatic modulation classification. The classification technique uses modulation features derived from time-domain parameters of instantaneous signal envelope, frequency and phase. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed for data reduction and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is used to investigate the data and to construct a discriminant function to enable the classification of modulation type. MANOVA is shown to offer advantages over the techniques already used for modulation recognition, even when simple features are used. The technique is used to construct a universal discriminator which is independent of the unknown signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal. The universal discriminator is shown to extend the range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) over which discrimination is possible, being effective over an SNR range of 0-4OdB. Development of discriminant functions using MANOVA is shown to be an extensible technique, capable of application to more complex problems. i
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Ramakonar, Visalakshi S. "Modulation classification of digital communication signals." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2002. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/752.
Modulation classification of digital communications signals plays an important role in both military and civilian sectors. It has the potential of replacing several receivers with one universal receiver. An automatic modulation classifier can be defined as a system that automatically identifies the modulation type of the received signal given that the signal exists and its parameters lie in a known range. This thesis addresses the need for a universal modulation classifier capable of classifying a comprehensive list of digital modulation schemes. Two classification approaches are presented: a decision-theoretic (DT) approach and a neural network (NN) approach. First classifiers are introduced that can classify ASK, PSK, and FSK signals. A decision tree is designed for the DT approach and a NN structure is formulated und trained to classify these signals. Both classifiers use the same key features derived from the intercepted signal. These features are based on the instantaneous amplitude, instantaneous phase, and instantaneous frequency of the intercepted signal, and the cumulates of its complex envelope. Threshold values for the DT approach are found from the minimum total error probabilities of the extracted key features at SNR of 20 to -5dB. The NN parameters are found by training the networks on the same data. The DT and NN classifiers are expanded to include CPM signals. Signals within the CPM class are also added to the classifiers and a separate decision tree and new NN structure are found far these signals. New key features to classify these signals are also introduced. The classifiers are then expanded further to include multiple access signals, followed by QAM, PSK8 and FSK8 signals. New features arc found to classify these signals. The final decision tree is able to accommodate a total of fifteen different modulation types. The NN structure is designed in a hierarchical fashion to optimise the classification performance of these fifteen digital modulation schemes. Both DT and NN classifiers are able to classify signals with more than 90% accuracy in the presence of additive white Gaussian within SNR ranging from 20 to 5dB. However, the performance of the NN classifier appears to be more robust as it degrades gradually at the SNRs of 0 and -5dB. At -5dB, the NN has an overall accuracy of 73.58%, whereas the DT classifier achieves only 47.3% accuracy. The overall accuracy of the NN classifier, over the combined SNR range of 20 to -5dB, is 90.7% compared to 84.56% for the DT classifier. Finally, the performances of these classifiers are tested in the presence of Rayleigh fading. The DT and NN classifier structures are modified to accommodate fading and again, new key features are introduced to accomplish this. With the modifications, the overall accuracy of the NN classifier, over the combined SNR range of 20 to -5dB and 120Hz Doppler shift, is 87.34% compared to 80.52% for the DT classifier.
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Arani, Faramarz Shayan. "Trellis coded modulation techniques." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387324.
Doerr, Michael B., William H. Jr Hallidy, Gary B. McMillian, Lawrence W. Jr Burke, and Jonah N. Faust. "Digital FDM for the HSTSS DAC Program." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608712.
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada This paper presents the design of an innovative approach to Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) for the STRICOM Hardened Subminiature Telemetry and Sensor System (HSTSS) Data Acquisition Chipset (DAC) program. An ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is being developed by Systems & Processes Engineering Corporation (SPEC) that implements this new digital FDM approach for telemetry applications. The FDM ASIC provides six channels that are IRIG-106 compatible, and may be used in conjunction with a Delay/Repeater ASIC. Together these ASICs make a complete instrumentation system for those applications requiring very small size, simplicity of use, and low cost, e.g. munitions/armament testing.
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Han, Yu. "Optimization of Modulation Constrained Digital Transmission Systems." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37097.
The regular waterfilling(WF) policy maximizes the mutual information of parallel channels, when the inputs are Gaussian. However, Gaussian input is ideal, which does not exist in reality. Discrete constellations are usually used instead, such as $ M $-PAM and $ M $-QAM. As a result, the mercury/waterfilling (MWF) policy is introduced, which is a generalization of the regular WF. The MWF applies to inputs with arbitrary distributions, while the regular WF only applies to Gaussian inputs. The MWF-based optimal power allocation (OPA) is presented, for which an algorithm called the internal/external bisection method is introduced.
The constellation-constrained capacity is discussed in the thesis, where explicit expressions are presented. The expression contains an integral, which does not have a closed-form solution. However, it can be evaluated via the Monte Carlo method. An approximation of the constellation-constrained capacity based on the sphere packing method is introduced, whose OPA is a convex optimization problem. The CVX was used initially, but it did not generate satisfactory results. Therefore, the bisection method is used instead.
Capacities of the MWF and its sphere packing approximation are evaluated for various cases, and compared with each other. It turns out the sphere packing approximation has similar performances to the MWF, which validates the approximation. Unlike the MWF, the sphere packing approximation does not suffer from the loss of precision due to the structure of MMSE functions, which demonstrates its robustness.
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Sandberg, Sara. "Modulation and channel effects in digital communication /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2005/49.
Wong, Dennis Mou Ling. "Automatic classification of digital communication modulation schemes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400128.
Anderson, John B., Tor Aulin, and Carl-Erik Sundberg. Digital Phase Modulation. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2031-7.
Moose, Paul H. A progress report on communications digital signal processing: Theory and performance of frequency domain differentially encoded multi-frequency modulation. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990.
Lee, Edward A., and David G. Messerschmitt. "Modulation." In Digital Communication, 146–248. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1303-5_6.
Lee, Edward A., and David G. Messerschmitt. "Modulation." In Digital Communication, 178–278. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0004-5_6.
Lee, Edward A., David G. Messerschmitt, and Robert Gallager. "Modulation." In Digital Communication, 146–248. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0044-1_6.
Alencar, Marcelo Sampaio de. "Digital Modulation Theory." In Modulation Theory, 167–203. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003338864-6.
Bhagyaveni, M. A., R. Kalidoss, and K. S. Vishvaksenan. "Digital Modulation." In Introduction to Analog and Digital Communication, 43–82. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003338673-5.
Weik, Martin H. "digital modulation." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 411. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_5040.
Barry, John R., Edward A. Lee, and David G. Messerschmitt. "Advanced Modulation." In Digital Communication, 203–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0227-2_6.
Gibson, Jerry D. "Coded Modulation." In Digital Communications, 135–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19588-4_4.
Barry, John R., Edward A. Lee, and David G. Messerschmitt. "Pulse-Amplitude Modulation." In Digital Communication, 131–201. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0227-2_5.
Trajtenberg-Mills, Sivan, Mohamed ElKabbash, Cole Brabec, Christopher Panuski, Ian Christen, and Dirk Englund. "GHz speed 1D light modulation in a scalable resonant Lithium Niobite platform." In Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/dh.2023.hw5c.5.
We present a 1D light modulator based on thin film Lithium Niobite enhanced by a high quality factor guided mode resonance with large field overlap. The device offers GHz speed scalable 1D modulation.
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Rashid, Imran, Hassan Maqbool, Mehmood-ur-Rehman, and Fahad Nadir. "Digital Modulation Identification by Basic Modulation Parameters." In 2005 Pakistan Section Multitopic Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inmic.2005.334451.
Li, Yuanxuan, Fanggang Wang, and Gang Zhu. "Hybrid digital modulation classification." In 2012 8th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2012.6314340.
Zhang, Yan. "Digital metasurface for wavefront modulation." In SPIE Digital Optical Technologies, edited by Bernard C. Kress, Wolfgang Osten, and H. Paul Urbach. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2268981.
Luepken, Hermann, Frank Wyrowski, T. Pauka, Ralf Braeuer, and Olof Bryngdahl. "Modulation schemes of diffractive elements." In Workshop on Digital Holography, edited by Frank Wyrowski. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.138571.
Hahn, Joonku, Yongjun Lim, and Byoungho Lee. "Phase and amplitude modulation by complementarily combined TNLC spatial light modulator." In Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/dh.2008.dwb3.
Shikder, Allarakha, Naveen K. Nishchal, and Praveen Kumar. "Production of structured light beams through in-line wavefront shaping using spatial light modulator." In Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/dh.2022.th2a.4.
Structured light beams have many applications in different areas of optics. This paper demonstrates a method to generate structured beams using a spatial light modulator through in-line configuration for phase modulation.
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Yingyu Li, Guangming Shi, Xuemei Xie, and Chongyu Chen. "Compressive modulation in digital communication." In 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2013.6572254.
Marinovic, Nenad M., Douglas J. Nelson, Leon Cohen, and Srinivasan Umesh. "Classification of digital modulation types." In SPIE's 1995 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Franklin T. Luk. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.211392.
Dodge, M., and B. Ray. Definitions of Managed Object Extensions for Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Lines (VDSL) Using Single Carrier Modulation (SCM) Line Coding. RFC Editor, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4069.
Dodge, M., and B. Ray. Definitions of Managed Object Extensions for Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Lines (VDSL) Using Multiple Carrier Modulation (MCM) Line Coding. RFC Editor, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4070.
Jorgensen, Lars. Digital Data Rate Interpolator and Modulator. SBIR. Phase 1. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada300496.
Mahurin, Eric, and Ray Siford. GaAs Sigma-Delta Modulator Modeling for Analog to Digital Converters (ADCS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada263419.
Inamdar, Amol, Sergey Rylov, Anubhav Sahu, Saad Sarwana, and Deepnarayan Gupta. Quarter-Rate Superconducting Modulator for Improved High Resolution Analog-to-Digital Converter. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada466524.
