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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 15 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Digested sludges":

1

Hardegen, Justus, Patrick Braeutigam, Christian Abendroth, and Thomas Wichard. "Bisphenol A: Quantification in Complex Matrices and Removal by Anaerobic Sludges." Pollutants 1, no. 4 (October 14, 2021): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pollutants1040016.

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The endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most commonly found micropollutants in the environment. However, the biodegradation of BPA under anaerobic (methanogenic) conditions is still an understudied process in wastewater treatment systems. The current study thus addresses the need for a simple and user-friendly analytical method for the rapid and accurate quantification of BPA in complex matrices such as digested and co-digester sludges. We established a microwave-assisted extraction method, followed by derivatization and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to quantify BPA by comparing it with a deuterated internal standard. The BPA removal capabilities of three digester sludges and three co-digester sludges were examined under mesophilic methanogenic conditions in biogas plants. The endogenous BPA concentration (dry weight) ranged from 1596 to 10,973 µg kg−1 in digested sewage sludges, and from below the limit of quantification to 9069 µg kg−1 in co-digester sludges. When BPA was added to the sludges, the removal capabilities ranged from not significant to 50% after 21 days of incubation. Biogas production was unaffected by the addition of BPA (228 µg kg−1) to the aqueous sludge. The study demonstrated that BPA could be removed under anaerobic conditions in accustomed inoculates. The findings have far-reaching implications for understanding BPA persistence and detoxification under anaerobic conditions.
2

Martel, C. James, and Carl J. Diener. "Pilot-scale studies of sludge dewatering in a freezing bed." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 4 (August 1, 1991): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-083.

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In 1986, a pilot-scale sludge freezing bed was constructed at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.A. This bed was operated for the next three years using both anaerobically and aerobically digested sludges. Results indicate that both sludges were effectively dewatered by this process. The maximum depth of sludge frozen during this study was 1.14 m. The final solid contents were 39.3% and 24.5% for anaerobically digested and aerobically digested sludges respectively. The quality of the meltwater from the bed was similar to raw wastewater. The actual depth of sludge frozen and thawed in the bed during each year of operation was very close to that predicted by design models. Operational experience demonstrated the importance of a sand layer at the bottom of the bed for adequate drainage. Also, odors developed when the meltwater was allowed to accumulate in the bed. Odors were not a problem when the meltwater was drained away as quickly as it formed. Both sludges were easily removed with a front-end loader. Key words: sludge freezing bed, freeze–thaw conditioning, freeze–thaw separation, sludge dewatering, freezing bed.
3

Noyola, Adalberto, and Gloria Moreno. "Granule production from raw waste activated sludge." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0633.

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Granulation is an important characteristic of sludges used in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. As the UASB technology is rapidly spreading, there is a need of granular sludge for inoculation of new reactors, particularly in those countries where anaerobic technologies have been just recently accepted. Alternative sources of inocula are digested sludge, digested manure, septic tank sludges and pond sediments. Raw waste activated sludges have also been identified as a convenient material for reactor seeding, with previous treatment. In this work, anaerobic flocculant sludge obtained from raw waste activated sludge has been granulated with hydraulic stress, in a lab-scale column under different upflow velocities (1 to 50 m h−1). A methodology is proposed for enhancing the quality of non granular anaerobic sludges in batch treatments of less than 8 hours. The granular sludge produced was used as inoculum for a UASB lab scale reactor. The seed sludge improved all its characteristics and maintained the granulation, in spite of the low velocity (0.08 m h−1) applied.
4

Cheng, H. F., S. Y. Chen, and J. G. Lin. "Hazardous organic matters in municipal sewage sludge in Taiwan." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 10 (November 1, 2001): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0582.

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Application of municipal sewage sludge to agricultural land has attracted significant attention in recent years because it conserves abundant nutrients and hydrocarbons that can be used as a soil amendment. The presence of hazardous organic matters (HOMs) in sewage sludge limits the feasibility of reuse of sewage sludge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the types and the concentrations of HOMs in municipal sewage sludge in Taiwan. An efficient SFE/GC/MS method was used to determine HOMs in sludge samples. The results indicated that di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was persistently found in both aerobically and anaerobically digested sludges. 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) was only found in anaerobically digested sludges. Both DEHP and 4-NP have been characterized as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or environmental endorine disruptors (EEDs). It suggested that sludges containing high levels of DEHP and 4-NP need further treatment and reduction of possible impacts on the environment before their reuse as soil fertilizers.
5

Bux, F., B. Atkinson, and H. C. Kasan. "Zinc biosorption by waste activated and digested sludges." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1999): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0640.

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Biological matter is known for its ability to biosorb solubilised heavy metal ions to its surface. Experiments were therefore conducted to assess the biosorptive capacity of two waste products of the wastewater treatment industry ie., waste activated and waste digested sludge. Surface charge of each was determined in order to relate electronegativity with biosorptive potential. Activated sludge was found to be more effective than digested sludge for removal of zinc from a metal plating effluent, viz., 5.9 mg Zn/(g sludge)−1 as opposed to 4.0 mg/g, respectively, as well as producing a higher net negative charge. It was also noted that as initial zinc concentrations in solution increased there was a concomitant increase in sludge biosorption capacity. Activated and digested sludges were capable of biosorbing zinc from a metal plating effluent although activated sludge showed better potential for industrial application.
6

Shang, Y., B. R. Johnson, and R. Sieger. "Application of the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model (ADM1) for simulating full-scale anaerobic sewage sludge digestion." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2005): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0557.

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A steady-state implementation of the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) has been applied to the anaerobic digesters in two wastewater treatment plants. The two plants have a wastewater treatment capacity of 76,000 and 820,000 m3/day, respectively, with approximately 12 and 205 dry metric tons sludge fed to digesters per day. The main purpose of this study is to compare the ADM1 model results with full-scale anaerobic digestion performance. For both plants, the prediction of the steady-state ADM1 implementation using the suggested physico-chemical and biochemical parameter values was able to reflect the results from the actual digester operations to a reasonable degree of accuracy on all parameters. The predicted total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) concentration in the digested biosolids, as well as the digester volatile solids destruction (VSD), biogas production and biogas yield are within 10% of the actual digester data. This study demonstrated that the ADM1 is a powerful tool for predicting the steady-state behaviour of anaerobic digesters treating sewage sludges. In addition, it showed that the use of a whole wastewater treatment plant simulator for fractionating the digester influent into the ADM1 input parameters was successful.
7

Watanabe, Haruki, Tomokazu Kitamura, Shuichi Ochi, and Masaaki Ozaki. "Inactivation of pathogenic bacteria under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 6-7 (September 1, 1997): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0571.

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This paper concerns field survey and laboratory experiment on the inactivation of pathogenic bacteria during sludge treatment processes with particular emphasis on anaerobic digestion process. We surveyed the inactivation of pathogenic bacteria processes by sampling various types of sludges from 17 wastewater treatment plants located in Japan and counting the number of bacteria in the sampled sludges. The bacteria we counted included fecal coliform groups, enterococcus and salmonella. The median number of fecal coliform groups in primary sludge was found to be 105 MPN/g, while the number of fecal coliform groups in digested sludge decreased to 103 MPN/g. We also confirmed that the treatments of dewatering using inorganic coagulant, drying and composting are also effective in inactivating pathogenic bacteria. In addition, we studied the performance conditions of anaerobic digestion and the degree of inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in the experiment of anaerobic treatment of the primary sludge. This study showed that the number of fecal coliform groups in mesophilic digestion sludge was in the range of 102 to 104 MPN/g regardless of the HRT, whereas the number of bacteria in thermophilic digestion sludge was of the order of 100 MPN/g, clearly indicating that the number of bacteria substantially decreases when the sludge is digested at thermophilic temperature. The number of enterococcus in digested sludge was in the range of 102 to 105 MPN/g after the sludge was subjected to mesophilic digestion while the number decreased to 100 MPN/g after the sludge was digested at thermophilic temperature. The number of salmonella in digested sludge was in the range of 1.8 to 30 MPN/4g after the sludge was digested at mesophilic temperature, but the number decreased to less than 1.8 MPN/4g after the sludge went through thermophilic digestion process. The thermophilic digestion is thus effective in inactivating pathogenic bacteria.
8

Scheminski, A., R. Krull, and D. C. Hempel. "Oxidative treatment of digested sewage sludge with ozone." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 9 (November 1, 2000): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0193.

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A process to improve anaerobic biodegradation of wastewater treatment sludges is investigated. Recalcitrant organic compounds which are contained in biologically stabilized digested sludge become biodegradable by partial oxidation using ozone and ozone in combination with hydrogen peroxide respectively. By oxidation with ozone, cell walls of microorganisms were destroyed and cytoplasm dissolved in sludge water. Water insoluble substances with high molecular weight were split into smaller, water soluble and biodegradable fragments. Sludge matrix composition regarding protein, lipid and polysaccharide content changed. After ozone consumption of 0.2 gram ozone per gram organic dry matter, the degree of biodegradation of organic matter during the following anaerobic treatment increased to 42%. Due to the oxidizing pretreatment, the dewatering results of the sludges after biological decomposition deteriorated. The polymer demand to reach isoelectric point increased with ozone consumption. Compared to mechanical, thermal and thermochemical disintegration, partial oxidation by ozone achieved highest degrees of organic matter decomposition in the following anaerobic biodegradation.
9

Sarikaya, Hasan Z., and Salah Al-Marshoud. "Improvement of Dewatering Characteristics of Aerobically Digested Sludges." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 1 (July 1, 1993): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0013.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of both sludge characteristics and operational parameters on polymer selection and optimal dose requirements to improve the dewatering characteristics of aerobically digested sludges of a contact stabilization activated sludge plant in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. In order to determine the dewatering characteristics of the sludge samples, capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) were measured. Cationic conditioning polymers were found more effective than the anionic types. The optimum polymer dose was equal to 4.2 kg of polymer/ton of dry matter for three of the cationic polymers used in this study namely Zeetag 57, Superfloc C420, and Zeetag 92. The optimum dose requirements are increased substantially with increasing pH values. A linear relationship was found between the optimal polymer dose in mg/l and the sludge solids concentration. The optimum total mixing time was found to be 2 min: 30 sec of rapid mixing at 100 rpm and 90 sec of slow mixing at 40 rpm. The sludge temperature variations were found to have a slight effect on polymer dose requirements. A linear relationship was obtained between the CST and SRF with a correlation coefficient of 0.99.
10

Novak, J. T., N. Verma, and C. D. Muller. "The role of iron and aluminium in digestion and odor formation." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 9 (November 1, 2007): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.705.

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The role of iron and aluminium in determining volatile solids reduction and odors from anaerobically digested, dewatered sludge cakes was evaluated from data collected from a variety of wastewater treatment plants. It was found that volatile solids reduction generally increased as the iron content of the sludge increased. It was also observed that odors increased with increasing iron. No correlation with aluminium or divalent cations was found. Based on these data it appears that the volatile solids reduction by anaerobic digestion is not useful for predicting the odors from anaerobically digested sludges.
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Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "Digested sludges":

1

Erkan, Muge. "Reactivation Potential Of Indicator Bacteria In Anerobically Digested Sludges After Dewatering Processes." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613656/index.pdf.

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Anaerobic digestion process which has long been known to successfully reduce the organic content of sludge is one of the most common alternatives to meet pathogen reduction requirements for particular classes of biosolids. However, it has recently been reported that, significantly higher densities of indicator bacteria have been measured in dewatered cake samples compared to samples collected right after anaerobic digestion. In addition, this increase in bacterial population has been commonly observed after centrifugation but not after belt filter dewatering. Even though several theories have emerged to explain this occurrence, with the use of molecular tools such as Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (Q
2

Oliveira, Ivo Miguel Delgado Bandeira. "Evaluation of sewage digested sludge conditioning and dewatering through qualitative and quantitative laboratory methodologies towards process monitoring." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2017. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/evaluation-of-sewage-digested-sludge-conditioning-and-dewatering-through-qualitative-and-quantitative-laboratory-methodologies-towards-process-monitoring(5a847c8f-77dc-47c8-86cf-20a64900fb42).html.

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This thesis reports on investigations that have contributed to an advancement in the applied and fundamental understanding on how the nature, related storage and processing of digested sewage sludge can influence polymer conditioning and dewatering. The work concentrated more specifically on evaluating the impact of thermal hydrolysis as a pre-treatment to anaerobic digestion (AD) of mainly secondary sewage sludges (Advanced AD, AAD plants) in comparison with conventional mesophilic AD (CMAD) on conditioning and dewatering of the digestate, as this knowledge seemed to be lacking for an AAD technology that is increasingly being implemented. An additional contribution to knowledge from this study relates to the evaluation of how polymer conditioning and dewatering of digested sludges could be monitored using rheometric measurements. It was concluded that digested sludge biofloc characteristics (size, shear viscosity and organic matter composition) affected the most the conditioning and dewatering results but these varied depending on the process conditions i.e. AAD versus CMAD and digestate handling conditions. The reduction in particle size and shear viscosity (η[0.1 s-1]) per g Total Solids as well as the increased solubilization of protein, organically bound nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand of the digestates which contributed to the increased conditioning requirements affected also the dewatering rate and the strength of the flocs produced after conditioning. The changes in the digested sludge biofloc characteristics were detected by rheometric measurements which were well correlated with changes in organic matter composition and polymer conditioning requirements (r of 0.9 and 0.8). It was proposed that the variations in η[0.1 s-1] and organic matter content such as soluble protein could be used to predict polymer dose requirements to achieve good filterability (R2 of 0.7; significance F and p < 0.05). Future work is however required in order to consolidate these findings by monitoring conditioning, dewatering and η[0.1 s-1] of the digestate at full scale.
3

Charles, Antoine Henri Etienne. "Étude thermo-rhéologique de boues digérées : application à l’écoulement en conduite dans les procédés de méthanisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023MTLD0008.

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Le besoin en traitement des eaux usées par la société est assurée en usine d’épuration par des traitements menant à la production de boues. Afin d’anticiper l’augmentation de ce besoin à l’avenir, les filières de traitement de ces boues doivent atteindre une certaine efficacité, en termes de traitement et de valorisation des boues. Parmi ces filières, le procédé de méthanisation permet de réduire significativement le volume des boues générées et permet par la suite une valorisation agronomique et énergétique, sous forme de digestat, de biogaz, d’électricité ou de chaleur. Il est néanmoins limité par un contrôle inefficace du transport des boues digérées en son sein, du fait de la méconnaissance de la thermo-rhéologie, en termes de connaissances et de méthodes de caractérisation et en termes d’hydrodynamique en conduite de ces boues très diverses. Cela se manifeste opérationnellement, en aval de la phase de dimensionnement et de conception, lors de l’opération par des pompages inefficaces, des hétérogénéités de la matrice ou des colmatages de composants.C’est dans cette optique d’apport des éléments scientifiques, de la caractérisation thermo-rhéologique des boues digérées d’une part et de la mise en évidence de l’hydrodynamique en conduite de ces fluides d’autre part, que le travail de recherche mené dans le cadre de cette thèse s’inscrit.Premièrement, des protocoles dédiés à caractériser spécifiquement chaque comportement non-newtonien sont établis pour cela. L’application de ces protocoles, au centre de recherche Energie Environnement de l’IMT Nord Europe et sur la plateforme Caractérisation du partenaire industriel, montre que les caractéristiques thermo-rhéologiques des boues digérées sont fidèlement modélisées par un modèle d’Herschel-Bulkley non modifié. En effet, la contrainte seuil et la rhéofluidification sont significativement pré-pondérantes devant les autres caractéristiques thermo-rhéologiques de thixotropie, de visco-élasticité et de thermo-dépendance. Le phénomène physique non anticipé de glissement aux parois est observé sur ces boues digérées, menant à une hydrodynamique hétérogène de l’écoulement en conduite de faible inertie et de faible rugosité des parois.Deuxièmement, un dispositif expérimental dédié à l’étude de l’écoulement en conduite de tels fluides est mis en place en vue de déterminer leurs comportements hydrodynamiques. Il permet de démontrer, à l’aide de fluides de travail (solution s de Carbopol), que ces fluides suivent une transition rhéo-inertielles (RIT) vers la turbulence. Cette transition se distingue par l’existence d’un régime de pré-transition, inexistant pour un fluide newtonien, au sein duquel l’écoulement présente une asymétrie, qui est observée par visualisation directe. Ces visualisations, couplées à la mesure des pertes de charges, permettent de quantifier l’intermittence de la RIT à partir des structures turbulents visualisées. Cela permet de contrôler le mouvement de tels fluides par la connaissance de la stabilisation de leurs écoulements et de l’augmentation du temps de séjour des structures turbulentes, du fait des caractéristiques non-newtoniennes (sans visco-élasticité).Ainsi, ce manuscrit synthétise les éléments scientifiques développés dans le cadre de cette thèse pour répondre aux problématiques opérationnelles rencontrées. Les verrous découlant du mande de connaissances fondamentales de la thermo-rhéologie et de l’hydrodynamique des boues qui y circule, l’étude axe sa recherche sur ces deux domaines pour apporter les fondamentaux qui pourront permettre l’amélioration de la maîtrise du transport des boues au sein du procédé de méthanisation en usine d’épuration
The society’s wastewater treatment needs are met by waste water treatment plants that produce sludges. In order to anticipate the increase in this requirement in the future, the sludge treatment processes must achieve a certain level of efficiency in terms of sludge treatment and recovery. The anaerobic digestion process significantly reduces the volume of sludge generated and can the be used for agricultural and energy purposes, in the form of digestate, biogas, electricity or heat. It is nevertheless limited by ineffective control of the transport of digested sludge within it, due to a lack of knowledge of thermo-rheology, in terms of understanding and characterisation methods, and of the hydrodynamics involved in handling these very diverse sludges. This manifests itself operationally, downstream of the sizing and design phase, in inefficient pumping, matrix heterogeneity or component clogging.It is in this context of providing scientific elements, on the one hand of the therm-rheological characerisation of digested sludge and on the other hand of the demonstration of the hydrodynamics of these fluids in operation, that the research work carried out within the framework of this thesis falls within the scope of.Firstly, protocols dedicated to the specific characterisation of each non-Newtonian behaviour have been established. The application of these protocols, at the ITM Nord Europe – Energy Environment research centre and on the industrial partner’s Characterisation plateform, shows that the thermo-rheological characteristics of digested sludge are accurately modelled by a non-modified Herschel-Bulkley model. Yield stress and shear-thinning are significantly more important than the other thermo-rheological characteristics of thixotropy, viscoelasticity and thermo-dependence. The unanticipated physical phenomon of wall slip is observed in these digested sludges, leading to heterogeneous flow hydrodynamics under conditions of low inertia and loaw wall roughness.Secondly, an experimental set-up dedicated to studying the flow of such fluids in pipe is being set up, with a visualisation to determining their hydrodynamic behaviour. Using working fluids (Carbopol solutions), it was demonstrated that these fluids undergo a rheo-inertial transition (RIT) towards turbulence. This transition is characterised by the existence of a pre-transition regime, non-existent for a Newtonian fluid, within which the flow exibits an asymmetry, which is observed by direct visualisation. These visualisations, coupled with the measurement of pressure drops, also make it possible to quantify the intermittency of the RIT on the basis of the turbulent structures visualised. This makes it possible to control the movement of such fluids through knowledge of the stabilisation of their flows and the increase in the residence time of turbulent structures, due to the non-Newtonian characteristics without viscoelasticity.Thus, this thesis manuscipt summarises the scientific elements developed within the framework of this thesis to respond to the problems of the operational obstacles encountered. As these problems stem from a lack of fundamental knowledge of the thermo-rheology and hydrodynamics of the sludge that flows through it, the study focuses its research on these two areas in order to provide the fundamentals that will make it possible to improve the control of sludge transport within the anaerobic digestion process in wastewater treatment plants
4

Kidby, David W. "Biogas hydrogen as an indicator of digester instability in anaerobic sewage sludge digesters." Thesis, University of Essex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280473.

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5

Geminiani, Andrea. "Sustainable valorization of digested sewage sludge into added-value products." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Before being discharged in a water body, municipal wastewater undergoes filtration, sedimentation, biological oxidation, and nutrient abatement in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP); typically, the resulting sewage sludge is anaerobically digested for biomethane production. The sludge management practices currently involve landfill disposal and energy-intensive treatments, such as incineration or co-incineration, while agricultural soil applications and composting account for a minor amount. From a sustainability point of view, landfill disposal and incineration of sludge are not efficient in terms of energy consumption or waste material recovery. Thus, scientific research led to the development of innovative technologies aiming to decrease the sewage sludge volume and odour issues and to promote the valorization of the feedstock. In particular, the process described in this thesis, devised by HBI Srl., combines hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge with hydrochar gasification. The HTC products are hydrochar and HTC liquor; the former can be used for energy production and carbon capture and storage, while the latter can increase the methanogenic sludge potential. Hydrochar then undergoes gasification in an upstream (counter-current) fixed-bed reactor, resulting in syngas and ash production. Once purified from fly ash by a cyclone, the produced syngas is nowadays burned in a torch. Future applications might involve heat and power cogeneration and the production of useful platform chemicals. Since the water excess is recirculated back to the WWTP, the only process by-product is the gasification ash, which can be potentially valorized as a fertilizer additive thanks to its significantly high content of phosphorous and relatively low content of heavy metals. Lastly, CHNS, SEM-EDX, TGA were performed on digested sewage sludge and hydrochar samples, confirming the potential of this promising sludge valorization technology.
6

Campbell, Alison June. "The behaviour of pharmaceuticals in anaerobic digester sludge." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-behaviour-of-pharmaceuticals-in-anaerobic-digester-sludge(995bec06-33fd-4c74-96a3-db4aba5a1c30).html.

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Pharmaceuticals are biologically active compounds that may be consumed in hundreds of tonnes per year, and which are excreted into municipal sewerage systems. Many pharmaceuticals persist during sewage treatment, and significant environmental risk has been linked to incomplete removal of pharmaceuticals. Evaluation of this risk is important and should be as representative as possible, taking into consideration all significant exposure routes and removal processes. Sludge treatment processes are of particular interest because they offer a final opportunity for the removal of persistent compounds before the disposal of treated biosolids. During environmental risk assessment, it is currently assumed that anaerobic sludge treatment results in insignificant removal of persistent and adsorptive compounds from sewage sludge. This project was undertaken to address whether this assumption is valid. This thesis describes research into the behaviour and fate of pharmaceuticals in anaerobic digester sludge, and examines how redox conditions influence removal efficiency. Nine commonly used pharmaceuticals (caffeine, cimetidine, fluoxetine, ibuprofen, metformin, naproxen, paroxetine, propranolol and salicylic acid) were selected for use based upon detection levels within sewage sludge and predicted anaerobic biodegradability. Initial experiments were conducted to identify toxicity to anaerobic microorganisms and anaerobic biodegradability. No toxicity to the microorganisms in anaerobic sludge was identified at ≤ 50 mg C L-1for any of the selected pharmaceuticals. The extent of removal in anaerobic sludge and the principal removal mechanism was found to vary between the selected pharmaceuticals. Metformin and salicylic acid were removed by 82 and 93% through mineralisation, respectively; naproxen was completely removed through primary biodegradation; fluoxetine, paroxetine and propranolol were removed by 92 and 96 and 55% due to adsorption, respectively. It was hypothesised that the removal of pharmaceuticals in anaerobic sludge through biodegradation and adsorption would be observed at varying rates under differing redox conditions. Test systems using headspace gas flushing and chemical amendment were evaluated for the control of redox conditions, with Eh measurements and DOC removal being used to indicate the stability of the system and its capacity for biodegradation. The addition of nitrate, sulfate and carbonate resulted in poised Eh values in the region of +200, -200 and -200 mV, respectively and 81, 78 and 74% removal of DOC, respectively. This methodology was subsequently used to evaluate the removal of naproxen, propranolol and fluoxetine under carbonate-, nitrate- and sulfate-amended conditions. Significant differences (p = 0.001) in the removal of naproxen through primary biodegradation were found to exist between different redox conditions. Naproxen was completely removed under control conditions, while 26, 98 and 61% removal was observed under nitrate- sulfate- and carbonate amended conditions, respectively. Some differences were observed in Kd values, however, redox amendment was found to have little influence upon the elimination of propranolol and fluoxetine through adsorption. It was identified from this work that pharmaceuticals within the aqueous phase degraded under anaerobic conditions as predicted, while pharmaceuticals associated with the biosolids were removed through adsorption and present a potential threat to the environment on the disposal of treated biosolids. This work supports the current industry assumption that anaerobic treatment of biosolids offers limited opportunity for the removal of adsorptive pharmaceuticals, and also found no evidence for their enhanced removal under redox-controlled conditions. While research described within this thesis increases knowledge of the behaviour of pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge under anaerobic conditions, data is presented for a limited range of test substances only, and further investigation into the behaviour of additional compound classes is recommended.
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Ishaq, Farryad. "Trace metal supplementation in wastewater sludge digesters." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3896/.

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Multiple studies have shown the importance of transition metals for the microorganisms involved in anaerobic digestion. Deficiencies in metals can translate into suboptimal digester performances and therefore where present an opportunity to stimulate anaerobic digestion exists. Previous supplementation studies that have used EDTA complexed metals have shown conflicting results. Assays supplemented with cobalt-EDTA on its own consistently responded to a level equal to or higher than that from assays supplemented with a combination of metals. The results seemingly indicate that cobalt was the most commonly deficient metal in the sludge digesters. However this study has raised questions about the bioavailability of other metals as EDTA chelates, particularly nickel-EDTA. Differing levels of bioavailability for different EDTA complex metals explain how conflicting results for EDTA complexed metals can exist. Metal deficiencies were present 69% of the time in the wastewater sludge digesters samples. Given the questions raised about the bioavailability of metal-EDTA chelates the prevalence of deficiencies was likely to have been higher. At a site specific level it was found that a lower than expected Vmax for a given sites acetoclastic methanogen population corresponded with a positive response from supplementation and therefore it can act as an indicator of metal requirement.
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Qi, Yinan. "Effect of centrifugal dewatering on the regrowth of fecal coliforms and Salmonella in anaerobically digested biosolids." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 192 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1601522491&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2008.
Principal faculty advisors: Steven K. Dentel, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering; and Diane S. Herson, Dept. of Biological Sciences. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lau, Shiew Wei. "Conditioning and dewatering of anaerobically digested sludge from municipal wastewater treatment processes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1594.

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This thesis presented the dewatering performance improvement of anaerobically digested sludge with novel application and assessment of conditioning aids. The effectiveness of sludge conditioning was evaluated by batch experiments using a series of 250-mL jar test beakers. The optimal dosage was found at 15–20 g/kg chitosan with enhanced dewaterability and rheological behaviour. The dual-chemical conditioning results indicate a higher rate of water removal at the expense of dry solids content compared to single conditioning.
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Chiarella, Renato. "Laboratory study of H¦2S reduction in anaerobic digester sludge." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0001/MQ34346.pdf.

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Книги з теми "Digested sludges":

1

Federation, Water Environment, ed. Sludge digest. Alexandria, Va: Water Environment Federation, 1992.

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2

Authority, Massachusetts Water Resources. Boston Harbor Project: Sludge digesters. Boston, Mass.]: Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, 1993.

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3

Gerardi, Michael H. The microbiology of anaerobic digesters. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2002.

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Gerardi, Michael H. The microbiology of anaerobic digesters. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley, 2003.

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5

Yang, Xiaoyi. Potential of activated sludge utilization. Hauppauge, NY, USA: Nova Science, 2009.

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Rich, Kevin Kinnaird. Biological solubilization of metals from anaerobically digested sludge in a semicontinuous system. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1993.

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Mavi, Avtar S. Bacterial leaching of metals from anaerobically digested sludge disinfected with copper sulphate. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1991.

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8

Higgins, Matthew J. Evaluation of bacterial pathogen and indicator densities after dewatering of anaerobicall digested biosolids phase II and III. Alexandria, Va: Water Environment Research Foundation, 2008.

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9

Agency, OECD Nuclear Energy. Anaerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in digested sludge: By measurement of gas production. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2006.

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10

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. and Dynatech Scientific Inc, eds. Methane from partially digested sewage sludge using a stream injection rapid thermal reactor: Final report. [Albany, N.Y: The Authority, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Digested sludges":

1

Towner, J. V., J. A. Campbell, and R. D. Davis. "Effect of Sample Storage on the Extraction of Metals from Raw, Activated and Digested Sludges." In Processing and Use of Organic Sludge and Liquid Agricultural Wastes, 543–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4756-6_52.

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2

Gooch, Jan W. "Sludge Digester." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 924. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14817.

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3

Arias, M. Cruz. "Immobilization of a Digested Anaerobic Sludge." In Environmental Biotechnology, 598–604. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1435-8_53.

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4

Koga, Daisuke. "Struvite Recovery from Digested Sewage Sludge." In Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling, 255–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8031-9_17.

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5

Ashraf, R. J., Jonathan D. Nixon, and J. Brusey. "Multi-objective Optimisation of a Wastewater Anaerobic Digestion System." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 265–74. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_25.

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AbstractThis paper looks at multi-objective optimisation of a wastewater AD system where the model is demonstrated for a case study plant. Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) was used to predict biogas yields from the digester. Interviews, with plant owners, and plant data were used to identify the objective functions and decision variables. The decision variables were defined to be the substrate feeding rate for each of the digesters and the ratio of biogas sent between a combined heat and power (CHP) plant and a biogas upgrading unit (BUU). The objectives set were to maximise the overall substrate feeding rate through the AD plant, maximise the overall energy output and minimise the running cost of the plant. Results from the optimisation study showed that the amount of sludge processed through the AD plant increased by 17.7% and the running cost of the plant reduced by 6.2%. These results demonstrate how performance of AD plants can be significantly improved by multi-objective optimisation techniques.
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Arsov, R. V. "Sizing of Wastewater Sludge Anaerobic Digesters." In Urban Water Management: Science Technology and Service Delivery, 223–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0057-4_23.

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7

Joyce, Alyssa, Mike Timmons, Simon Goddek, and Timea Pentz. "Bacterial Relationships in Aquaponics: New Research Directions." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 145–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_6.

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AbstractThe growth rates and welfare of fish and the quality of plant production in aquaponics system rely on the composition and health of the system’s microbiota. The overall productivity depends on technical specifications for water quality and its movement amongst components of the system, including a wide range of parameters including factors such as pH and flow rates which ensure that microbial components can act effectively in nitrification and remineralization processes. In this chapter, we explore current research examining the role of microbial communities in three units of an aquaponics system: (1) the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for fish production which includes biofiltration systems for denitrification; (2) the hydroponics units for plant production; and (3) biofilters and bioreactors, including sludge digester systems (SDS) involved in microbial decomposition and recovery/remineralization of solid wastes. In the various sub-disciplines related to each of these components, there is existing literature about microbial communities and their importance within each system (e.g. recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), hydroponics, biofilters and digesters), but there is currently limited work examining interactions between these components in aquaponics system, thus making it an important area for further research.
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Obarska-Pempkowiak, Hanna, Magdalena Gajewska, Ewa Wojciechowska, and Janusz Pempkowiak. "Reject Water from Digested Sludge Centrifugation Treatment in HTW." In GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences, 121–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13794-0_7.

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Mort, N. R., H. T. Hofstede, and R. A. Gibbs. "Giardia Die Off in Anaerobically Digested Wastewater Sludge During Composting." In The Science of Composting, 1242–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1569-5_151.

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Wong, Daniel, and Harrie Hofstede. "Optimisation of Anaerobically Digested Primary Sludge as a Composting Substrate." In The Science of Composting, 585–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1569-5_56.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Digested sludges":

1

DAPKIENĖ, Midona, Laima ČESONIENĖ, and Tomas PILIPAUSKAS,. "COMPARISON OF OPERATION OF KAUNAS AND KLAIPĖDA WWTPS DIGESTERS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.042.

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The article provides comparison of operation of digesters for 2014, installed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of two Lithuanian cities Kaunas and Klaipėda. It was established that the temperature and decomposition degree of organic materials had impact on biogas discharge in digesters of both wastewater treatment plants. Increase of these technological parameters resulted in increase of biogas output. Actual output of biogas of Kaunas wastewater treatment plant digester was by 5.8 % less than theoretical output, in Klaipėda WWTP anaerobic reactor – by 4.2 %. After comparison of biogas discharge generated from 1 m3 of sludge in Kaunas and Klaipėda WWTPs it was established that the efficiency of Klaipėda WWTP digester exceeded the efficiency of Kaunas WWTP reactor by 7 %.
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El Achkar, Jean H., Abrar Ben Husain, Nadeen Alotaibi, Noor Alhaddad, Taiyeba Alamgir, Husain Alshamali, Yousef Alshammari, et al. "Could Petroleum Sludge be Used to Produce Biomethane as a Renewable Energy Source?" In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210953-ms.

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Abstract During the exploration, production, and refining of crude oil, as well as the effluent treatment facilities of refineries, the petroleum sector produces a substantial quantity of sludge. This review offers in-depth insights into the methods used to treat and dispose of petroleum sludge today. It also explores the possibility of valorizing such waste while converting it to a sustainable energy source using anaerobic digestion technology. Aside from health concerns, the random disposal of untreated petroleum sludge causes land pollution, water pollution, and ecosystem devastation. Consequently, the adequate treatment and disposal of this sludge provide a substantial challenge to the oil and gas sector, which has become a worldwide concern. Various methods used, such as incineration, oxidation, ultrasounds, stabilization, and landfarming will be presented. On another note, this review imparts a new insight into the possibility of generating biomethane from petroleum sludge. It also investigates its anaerobic co-digestion with food waste and other byproducts, promoting the transition toward a circular bioeconomy. Most conventional sludge treatment methods are unstainable and insufficient to deal with a large amount of generated sludge. Ultrasonic treatment, solvent extraction, and incineration are all expensive processes. Moreover, incineration contributes to air pollution, whereas landfarming and degradation are inefficient and contribute to heavy metals leaching. Considering those disadvantages, creating a greener and more cost-effective approach to securely disposing of these hazardous materials is vital. The bacterial degradation of any substrate without oxygen is known as anaerobic digestion (AD). It is one of the highly efficient systems for recovering bioenergy from small to large sizes. Sludge treatment in anaerobic digesters yields biomethane, a substitute for natural gas, recovered while microorganisms reduce the organic matter in the sludges. However, the sludges have poor anaerobic degradability, and the presence of heavy metals might interfere with anaerobic microorganisms' ability to function. Suitable pretreatment of sludge and its co-digestion with organic wastes such as food waste can be an option to solve the above problems, tackling at the same time the food waste management issues alongside petroleum sludge management.
3

Komulainen, Tiina, Bilal Mukhtar, Truls Ødegaard, Hilde Johansen, Kristine Haualand, Kjell Rune Jonassen, and Simen Antonsen. "Modeling and control of WRRF biogas production." In 64th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2023 Västerås, Sweden, September 25-28, 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp200027.

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Wastewater treatment sector uses about 1 percent of total energy consumption in European Union, hence development of energy-efficient digital technologies is an urgent challenge. The aim of this article is to develop energy-efficient control strategies for biogas production from sewage sludge at water resource recovery facilities (WRRF). The case study is developed in collaboration Veas WRRF, Norway. The Veas biogas plant is operated semi-continuously in mesophilic conditions. The process includes inlet sludge pumps, four anaerobic digesters, heat exchangers for sludge heating, pumps for sludge recirculation and a compressor for gas recirculation. The process has two controlled variables, biogas flowrate and digester temperature, the main disturbance is the inlet substrate composition. The manipulated variables are flowrates of the inlet sludge, heating medium, and sludge recirculation. The real semicontinuous operation approximated as continuous operation with two hour moving averaging. Transfer functions were identified from the pre-processed data. The accuracy of the models was sufficient 14−60%. The transfer functions were used to design control strategies with PID-controllers and model predictive controller (MPC). The results show that both control strategies can increase biogas production and decrease variability in controlled and manipulated variables compared to the plant operation. MPC gave the best results, increasing biogas production up to 10 % and decreasing variability in controlled variables by 50−80% and by 92−99% in manipulated variables. These results indicate that implementation of advanced control technologies can improve the energy efficiency of biogas production.
4

Cheng, Jun, Junhu Zhou, Binfei Xie, Lin Xie, Jianzhong Liu, and Kefa Cen. "Biohydrogen Production From Food Waste by Anaerobic Fermentation." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50334.

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The biohydrogen production from food wastes by anaerobic fermentation of digested sludge is studied. It is found by gas chromatography analysis that the volumetric ratios of H2 to CO2 in the biogases derived from rice, potato, lean meat and fat are respectively 0.77, 0.82, 0.93 and 0.82. The yield of methane is quite little, because the methane-producing activity is restrained and the hydrogen-producing activity is simultaneously kept when the digested sludge is preheated in the boiling water. Ethanol (0.43%) is the highest volatile fatty acid in the fermentation solution derived from lean meat, implying that it belongs to ethanol-type fermentation. The butyric acid concentrations are the highest (respectively 0.96%, 0.44% and 0.34%) in the fermentation solutions derived from rice, potato and fat, which implies that they all belong to butyric acid-type fermentation.
5

Koyama, Masamichi, and Hiroshi Fujiwara. "Development of a Dual-Fuel Gas Turbine Engine of Liquid and Low-Calorific Gas." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50365.

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We developed a dual-fuel single can combustor for the Niigata Gas Turbine (NGT2BC), which was developed as a continuous-duty gas turbine capable of burning both kerosene and digester gas. The output of the NGT2BC is 920 kW for continuous use with digester gas and 1375 kW for emergency use with liquid fuel. Digester gas, obtained from sludge processing at sewage treatment plants, is a biomass energy resource whose use reduces CO2 emissions and take advantage of an otherwise wasted energy source. Design features for good combustion with digester gas include optimized the good matching of gas injection and swirl air and reduced reference velocity. The optimal combination of these parameters was determined through CFD analysis and atmospheric rig testing.
6

Kasprzyk, Magda, Ewa Wojciechowska, Hanna Obarska–Pempkowiak, and Marta Thomas. "Preliminary Results from the Removal of Phosphorus Compounds with Selected Sorption Material." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.080.

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Due to the fact that resources of phosphorous are limited and are expected to get exhausted in the next 30 years the management of this resource has become extremely important. Most of the phosphorus compounds are lost forever, because they are discharged with sewage into surface water, causing eutrophication and in this way generating further issue and challenge. The aim of the study was to investigate the capacity to retain phosphorus compounds on sorption material. During the experiments, both synthetic and real wastewater were used. The synthetic wastewater simulated the composition of the reject water (RW) generated during the mechanical dewatering of the digested sewage sludge, and the real RW comes from WWTP in Gdansk. The investigation in steady conditions was carried out with Phoslock® which is chemically lanthanum clay. The results of the investigation are related to the determination of the sorption capacity with respect to the analyzed content of phosphorus compounds for stable conditions the determination of hydraulic load and way and time of mixing. For the synthetic wastewater the removal efficiency of phosphorous was 99.8% while for reject water (RW) generated during the mechanical dewatering of the digested sewage sludge was lower and equal to 85%.
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Alonso-Vicario, A., A. M. Macarulla-Arenaza, I. Oribe-García, and A. Macarulla-Arenaza. "A comparative study for energetic valorisation of partially digested sewage sludge." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm120101.

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8

Elled, AnnaLena, Lars-Erik A˚mand, Bengt-A˚ke Andersson, and Bo Leckner. "Phosphorous in Ash From Co-Combustion of Municipal Sewage Sludge With Wood in a CFB Boiler: A Comparison of Experimental Data With Predictions by a Thermodynamic Equilibrium Model." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78072.

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Combustion tests have been carried out in a circulating fluidised bed (CFB) boiler co-firing wood and municipal, digested and mechanical dewatered sewage sludge from two Swedish wastewater treatment plants, using either iron sulphate or aluminum sulphate as precipitating chemicals. Experimental data on the concentration of various phosphorous compounds in the ashes are compared with theoretical equilibrium predictions. A clear relationship is not found between the employed precipitation chemical and the formation of phosphorous compounds in the ash. Hematite (Fe2O3(s)) is predicted to be the stable iron compound, and even in the sludge precipitated by iron sulphate, the aluminium content is sufficient to form aluminium phosphate (AlPO4(s)) in similar amounts as in the sludge precipitated by aluminium sulphate. Lime addition to the bed gives a decreased formation of AlPO4(s) in favour of calcium orthophosphate (Ca3(PO4)2(s)), which interferes with the sulphur capture efficiency of lime.
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Ke Wang, Weiguang Li, Duoying Zhang, Jinlin Zou, Yunbei Li, and Weiguang Li. "The effects of sludge particle size on oxygen transfer and dynamics in the composting of digested sludge." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (ICBEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbee.2010.5653983.

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Mažeikienė, Aušra, and Regimantas Dauknys. "Removal of ammonium ions from digested sludge liquors using natural sorbent zeolite." In The 9th International Conference "Environmental Engineering 2014". Vilnius, Lithuania: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Press “Technika” 2014, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2014.087.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Digested sludges":

1

Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo, and Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2141.

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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
2

Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo, and Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2141.

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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
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Reduced gas pressure operation of sludge digesters: Expanded studies. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10186304.

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