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Готові списки джерел за темами / Diffusion en direct

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Diffusion en direct"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Diffusion en direct":

1

Seljan, Ellen C., and Nicholas Weller. "Diffusion in Direct Democracy." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 11, no. 3 (August 31, 2011): 348–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532440011413087.

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2

Kaur, Shubjeet, Joaquin Cortiella, and Charles A. Vacanti. "DIRECT DIFFUSION OF NITROUS OXIDE." Anesthesiology 89, Supplement (September 1998): 1357A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199809230-00001.

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3

Khasnabish. "Direct Action, Deliberation, and Diffusion." Journal for the Study of Radicalism 8, no. 2 (2014): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/jstudradi.8.2.0111.

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4

Khujadze, George, and Martin Oberlack. "Turbulent diffusion: Direct numerical simulation." PAMM 9, no. 1 (December 2009): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200910198.

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5

Ye, Min. "UTILITY AND CONDITIONS OF DIFFUSION BY DIASPORAS: EXAMINING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT LIBERALIZATION IN CHINA AND INDIA." Journal of East Asian Studies 16, no. 2 (July 2016): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jea.2016.3.

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AbstractDiffusion studies have rightly emphasized external ideas and resources that propel liberalization in the developing world. There remain two gaps: first, the literature has not covered the types of diffusers and the ways diasporas may shape liberalization in their homelands; second, it pays little attention to internal diffusion after national adoption within a country. This article explores the utility and conditions of diffusion by diasporas and examines the roles of diasporas and internal diffusion in China and India's FDI liberalization. In both countries, diasporas were main diffusers that led national adoption of liberalism at home. In China, however, entrepreneurial diasporas' networks with local governments helped expansive internal diffusion. India's professional diasporas did not strongly engage local governments or domestic companies. National adoption in India was followed by reversal and partial internal diffusions. India's software services provide a similar diffusion by diasporas to that in China.

6

Nakagawa, Tsubasa, Isao Sakaguchi, Naoya Shibata, K. Matsunaga, Teruyasu Mizoguchi, Takahisa Yamamoto, Hajime Haneda, and Yuichi Ikuhara. "Direct Measurement of Titanium Pipe Diffusion Coefficients in Sapphire." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.939.

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The diffusion behavior of Ti3+ along basal dislocations in sapphire has been investigated by SIMS technique. High-density unidirectional dislocations were introduced by the high-temperature mechanical deformation, and Ti3+ ions were subsequently diffused along the dislocations. The SIMS diffusion profiles clearly showed diffusion tail due to the short circuit diffusion along the dislocations called pipe diffusion. Lattice diffusion coefficient and pipe diffusion coefficient of Ti3+ at 1300°C were measured to be 1.0±0.2×10-19 [m2/sec] and 2.0±0.6× 10-13 [m2/sec], respectively.

7

Rugeley, Cynthia, John Frendreis, and Raymond Tatalovich. "Direct democracy, policy diffusion, and medicalized marijuana." Politics and the Life Sciences 40, no. 1 (2021): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pls.2020.30.

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AbstractVirtually all studies of policy diffusion are based on statutory enactments by state legislatures. But a substantial number of medicalized marijuana laws were initiated through citizen initiatives and ratified by referenda (I&R). This case study suggests that the diffusion of laws adopted by I&R requires two modifications to the conventional model of policy diffusion. First, early policy adoptions must occur through direct democracy so that horizontal diffusion results when those past adoptions by the I&R process lead to future adoptions. Second, the necessity of bypassing institutions of representative government must be operationalized as an interaction between the availability of direct democracy and the precise political variable that blocks legislative enactments.

8

Yoon, Samson, Bongtae Han, and Zhaoyang Wang. "On Moisture Diffusion Modeling Using Thermal-Moisture Analogy." Journal of Electronic Packaging 129, no. 4 (April 24, 2007): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2804090.

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Thermal-moisture analogy schemes for a moisture diffusion analysis are reviewed. Two schemes for practical applications are described using the governing equations of heat and mass diffusions: (1) direct analogy and (2) normalized analogy. The schemes are implemented to define valid domains of application. The results corroborate that the direct analogy is valid only for single-material systems, but the normalized analogy can be extended to multimaterial systems if thermal loading conditions are isothermal, spatially as well as temporally.

9

Carpenter, J. R., T. Sommer, and A. Wüest. "Stability of a Double-Diffusive Interface in the Diffusive Convection Regime." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 840–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0118.1.

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Abstract In this paper, the authors explore the conditions under which a double-diffusive interface may become unstable. Focus is placed on the case of a cold, freshwater layer above a warm, salty layer [i.e., the diffusive convection (DC) regime]. The “diffusive interface” between these layers will develop gravitationally unstable boundary layers due to the more rapid diffusion of heat (the destabilizing component) relative to salt. Previous studies have assumed that a purely convective-type instability of these boundary layers is what drives convection in this system and that this may be parameterized by a boundary layer Rayleigh number. The authors test this theory by conducting both a linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations of a diffusive interface. Their linear stability analysis reveals that the transition to instability always occurs as an oscillating diffusive convection mode and at boundary layer Rayleigh numbers much smaller than previously thought. However, these findings are based on making a quasi-steady assumption for the growth of the interfaces by molecular diffusion. When diffusing interfaces are modeled (using direct numerical simulations), the authors observe that the time dependence is significant in determining the instability of the boundary layers and that the breakdown is due to a purely convective-type instability. Their findings therefore demonstrate that the relevant instability in a DC staircase is purely convective.

10

Mensi, Mounir, Ruslan Ivanov, Tomas K. Uždavinys, Kathryn M. Kelchner, Shuji Nakamura, Steven P. DenBaars, James S. Speck, and Saulius Marcinkevičius. "Direct Measurement of Nanoscale Lateral Carrier Diffusion: Toward Scanning Diffusion Microscopy." ACS Photonics 5, no. 2 (December 2017): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01061.

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Дисертації з теми "Diffusion en direct":

1

Siotis, Georges. "Technological diffusion, foreign direct investment and convergence." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212218.

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2

Bliersbach, Andreas. "Hydrogen diffusion in nano-sized materials : investigated by direct imaging." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialfysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-156033.

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The kinetics of interstitial hydrogen are of great interest and importance for metal-hydride storage, purification, fusion and fission reactor technology, material failure processes, optical sensors for hydrogen gas and many other technologies. In particular nano-sized materials motivate fascinating applications and scientific questions. If hydrogen is absorbed in vanadium it alters the band structure around the Fermi energy. These modifications of the band structurelead to a change in the absorptance of vanadium which are in first order approximation proportional to the concentration. We present a methodto quantify chemical diffusion of hydrogen in nano-sized materials.The induced changes in the absorptance of vanadium hydride (VHx) thin-films are observed visually and in real-time as a function of position.Concentration profiles and their evolution in time, during chemicaldiffusion, were measured down to a hydrogen content corresponding tojust a few effective monolayers, randomly distributed within VHx. For concentrations reached via phase transitions distinct diffusional behavior was found, where a diffusion-front, a strong concentration gradient, migrates in the direction of the diffusive hydrogen flux. The results show that decreased size strongly influences the energy landscape and reveal different rate limiting steps for absorption and desorption.

3

Schnell, Sondre Kvalvåg, Thijs J. H. Vlugt, Jean-Marc Simon, Signe Kjelstrup, and Dick Bedeaux. "Direct calculation of the thermodynamic correction factor, gamma, from molecular dynamics simulations." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-185607.

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4

Valär, Adrian Luzi. "Direct numerical simulation of cellular structures in jet diffusion flames /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17678.

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5

Pires, Karine. "Diffusion et transcodage à grande échelle de flux vidéo en direct." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066112/document.

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Aujourd'hui, de nombreux appareils sont capables de capturer des vidéos en Full HD et d'utiliser une connexion réseau pour accéder à Internet. La popularisation des dispositifs et les efforts continus pour améliorer la qualité du réseau ont apporté un environnement propice à l'essor de la diffusion en direct. De par la grande quantité de contenu généré par les utilisateurs, la diffusion de flux en direct présente de nouveaux défis. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la distribution et au transcodage des systèmes de diffusion en direct. Pour étudier les différent aspects des systèmes de diffusion en direct nous avons besoin de les caractériser et d'évaluer les solutions proposées avec des traces pertinentes. Par conséquent, notre première contribution est un ensemble de données et son analyse, contenant trois mois de traces de deux services de streaming en direct. Ensuite, nous avons exploré et développé des solutions pour la distribution du contenu produit par ces platesformes. L'un des défis est l'hétérogénéité de popularité des flux. Ceci implique généralement un surdimensionnement des services et par conséquent un gaspillage de ressources. Enfin, nous nous sommes focalisés sur les difficultés posées par le transcodage des flux en direct. Les opérations de transcodage sont coûteuses en ressources CPU et sont des étapes clés pour le Streaming à Débit Adaptatif (SDA). Nous montrons que le SDA est capable de réduire le coût en bande passante pour la distribution et d'augmenter la qualité d'expérience des téléspectateurs en échange d'un coût en ressources CPU. Pour comprendre le compromis entre les avantages et les coûts, nous formulons deux problèmes de gestion
Today many devices are capable to capture full HD videos and to use its network connection to access Internet. The popularization of devices and continuous efforts to increase network quality has brought a proper environment for the rise of live streaming. Associated to the large scale of Users Generated Content (UGC), live streaming presents new challenges. In this thesis we target the delivery and transcoding of live streaming systems.First, to study the aspects we target of live streaming systems we need to characterize them and evaluate the proposed solutions with relevant traces. Therefore our first contribution is a data set, and its analysis, containing three months traces of two UGC live streaming services.Second, we explored and developed solutions for the delivery of the content produced by these platforms. One of the challenges is the heterogeneity among streams popularity, which generally implies over-provisioning and consequently resource waste. We show that there is a trade-off between the number of servers involved to broadcast the streams and the bandwidth usage among the servers. We also stress the importance to predict streams popularity in order to efficiently place them on the servers.Lastly, we target the difficulties concerning transcoding of live streams. The transcoding operations over streams are computing consuming and are key operations on adaptive bit rate streaming. We show that adaptive streaming is able to reduce the delivery bandwidth cost and to increase viewer quality of experience at the cost of computing resources. We formulate two management problems to address the trade-off between benefits and costs

6

Pires, Karine. "Diffusion et transcodage à grande échelle de flux vidéo en direct." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066112.

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Aujourd'hui, de nombreux appareils sont capables de capturer des vidéos en Full HD et d'utiliser une connexion réseau pour accéder à Internet. La popularisation des dispositifs et les efforts continus pour améliorer la qualité du réseau ont apporté un environnement propice à l'essor de la diffusion en direct. De par la grande quantité de contenu généré par les utilisateurs, la diffusion de flux en direct présente de nouveaux défis. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la distribution et au transcodage des systèmes de diffusion en direct. Pour étudier les différent aspects des systèmes de diffusion en direct nous avons besoin de les caractériser et d'évaluer les solutions proposées avec des traces pertinentes. Par conséquent, notre première contribution est un ensemble de données et son analyse, contenant trois mois de traces de deux services de streaming en direct. Ensuite, nous avons exploré et développé des solutions pour la distribution du contenu produit par ces platesformes. L'un des défis est l'hétérogénéité de popularité des flux. Ceci implique généralement un surdimensionnement des services et par conséquent un gaspillage de ressources. Enfin, nous nous sommes focalisés sur les difficultés posées par le transcodage des flux en direct. Les opérations de transcodage sont coûteuses en ressources CPU et sont des étapes clés pour le Streaming à Débit Adaptatif (SDA). Nous montrons que le SDA est capable de réduire le coût en bande passante pour la distribution et d'augmenter la qualité d'expérience des téléspectateurs en échange d'un coût en ressources CPU. Pour comprendre le compromis entre les avantages et les coûts, nous formulons deux problèmes de gestion
Today many devices are capable to capture full HD videos and to use its network connection to access Internet. The popularization of devices and continuous efforts to increase network quality has brought a proper environment for the rise of live streaming. Associated to the large scale of Users Generated Content (UGC), live streaming presents new challenges. In this thesis we target the delivery and transcoding of live streaming systems.First, to study the aspects we target of live streaming systems we need to characterize them and evaluate the proposed solutions with relevant traces. Therefore our first contribution is a data set, and its analysis, containing three months traces of two UGC live streaming services.Second, we explored and developed solutions for the delivery of the content produced by these platforms. One of the challenges is the heterogeneity among streams popularity, which generally implies over-provisioning and consequently resource waste. We show that there is a trade-off between the number of servers involved to broadcast the streams and the bandwidth usage among the servers. We also stress the importance to predict streams popularity in order to efficiently place them on the servers.Lastly, we target the difficulties concerning transcoding of live streams. The transcoding operations over streams are computing consuming and are key operations on adaptive bit rate streaming. We show that adaptive streaming is able to reduce the delivery bandwidth cost and to increase viewer quality of experience at the cost of computing resources. We formulate two management problems to address the trade-off between benefits and costs

7

Schnell, Sondre Kvalvåg, Thijs J. H. Vlugt, Jean-Marc Simon, Signe Kjelstrup, and Dick Bedeaux. "Direct calculation of the thermodynamic correction factor, gamma, from molecular dynamics simulations." Diffusion fundamentals 16 (2011) 72, S. 1-2, 2011. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13814.

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8

Florin, Ernst-Ludwig, Tobias F. Bartsch, and Martin Kochanczyk. "Seeing is believing: direct visualization of fluctuations in biopolymer networks with 3D thermal noise imaging." Diffusion fundamentals 20 (2013) 10, S. 1, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13531.

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9

Driss, Slim. "Investissement direct étranger et diffusion technologique dans les pays en voie de développement." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10023.

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L'objet de ce travail consiste à analyser le problème d'accès des pays en voie de développement (PVD) aux technologies nouvelles. L'investissement direct se présente comme le moyen le plus efficace de transfert technologique. Ce dernier doit naturellement s'accompagner d'une diffusion de bonne qualité dans le pays hôte : si cette dernière ne se produit pas les maigres flux à destination des PVD perdent une bonne part de leur intérêt. Autant la littérature a traité des incitations au transfert, autant elle a laissé de côté la problématique de la diffusion. La thèse vise à contribuer à combler cette lacune. Afin d'isoler le phénomène de diffusion, nous avons proposé un modèle d'investissement direct vertical, en supposant donc que le problème de la qualité de la technologie transférée est réglé. Le gouvernement du pays hôte intervient, dans un premier temps, en proposant une prime à l'investissement pour compenser l'insuffisance des avantages de localisation. Au regard du problème de diffusion au profit des firmes locales, une seconde intervention peut être requise lorsque le niveau endogène de diffusion technologique est trop faible. Le gouvernement fixe alors un niveau prédéterminé de qualité de la diffusion supérieur à celui qui serait choisi par la firme locale en l'absence d'intervention. Si la firme locale refuse la volonté du gouvernement en raison de la baisse de ses profits, celui-ci peut envisager d'autres mécanismes incitatifs. Il peut verser une subvention à la firme locale afin qu'elle réalise son profit optimal tout en absorbant la technologie nouvelle avec le niveau prédéterminé de qualité de diffusion. Le modèle sert à poser les termes du problème de diffusion. Les conclusions sont intéressantes pour ce qui concerne la stratégie des gouvernements des PVD. Ces derniers doivent sélectionner les firmes étrangères qu'il convient d'attirer en choisissant celles qui offrent le maximum de chances de diffusion
The aim of this work is to focus on developing countries access to the so-called "new" technologies. Foreign direct investment appears as the more efficient channel of technological transfer. However, technological spillovers must be of high quality in order to be of high interest. The economic literature has focus on the transfer incentives leaving on one side the problem of spillovers. The thesis fills this gap. In order to isolate the technological spillovers phenomena, we propose a model of direct vertical investment, supposing the degree of spillovers quality settled. In a first step, the host-country government proposes an "investment" premium in order to compensate location disadvantages. When endogenous spillovers of local firms are low, the government can intervene in second step fixing thus a higher predetermined quality. If the local firms refuse the previous intervention for profits reasons, the government can provide other incentives mechanism taking the form of subsides. The government proposes a subsidy to the local firm in order to induce an optimal profit meanwhile the new technology is absorbed with a high quality spillovers level. The model proposes to establish the problem generated by technological spillovers. Our conclusions are interesting concerning the leading government strategies in developing countries. They have to select foreign firms offering the best chance of technological spillovers

10

Merriam, Susan Carol. "Direct demonstration of self-similarity in a hydrodynamic treatment of polymer self-diffusion." Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0501102-142449.

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Книги з теми "Diffusion en direct":

1

Wood, Lesley J. Direct action, deliberation, and diffusion: Collective action after the WTO protests in Seattle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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2

Branstetter, Lee. Is foreign direct investment a channel of knowledge spillovers?: Evidence from Japan's FDI in the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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3

Rasiah, Rajah. Foreign direct investment and technology diffusion: Impact on economic growth and development in South Africa. Sandton, South Africa: Chambers of Commerce and Industry South Africia, 2005.

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4

Ray, Barrell, and Pain Nigel, eds. Innovation, investment and the diffusion of technology in Europe: German direct investment and economic growth in postwar Europe. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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5

Wood, Lesley J. Direct Action, Deliberation, and Diffusion: Collective Action after the WTO Protests in Seattle. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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6

Wood, Lesley J. Direct Action, Deliberation, and Diffusion: Collective Action after the WTO Protests in Seattle. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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7

Wood, Lesley J. Direct Action, Deliberation, and Diffusion: Collective Action after the WTO Protests in Seattle. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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8

Wood, Lesley J. Direct Action, Deliberation, and Diffusion: Collective Action after the WTO Protests in Seattle. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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9

Wood, Lesley J. Direct Action, Deliberation, and Diffusion: Collective Action after the Wto Protests in Seattle. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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10

Wood, Lesley J. Direct Action, Deliberation, and Diffusion: Collective Action After The Wto Protests In Seattle (Cambridge Studies in Contentious Politics). Cambridge University Press, 2014.

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Частини книг з теми "Diffusion en direct":

1

Roos, K. R., and M. C. Tringides. "A Direct Measure of the Barrier to Interlayer Diffusion." In Surface Diffusion, 219–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0262-7_19.

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2

Peigney, Michaël. "On Cyclic Steady States and Elastic Shakedown in Diffusion-Induced Plasticity." In Direct Methods, 167–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48834-5_9.

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3

Lodder, A. "Direct Force Controversy in Electromigration Exit." In Defect and Diffusion Forum, 77–84. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-37-x.77.

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4

Fink, H. W. "Direct Observation of Atomic Motion on Surfaces." In Diffusion at Interfaces: Microscopic Concepts, 75–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73632-2_9.

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5

Shao, Muhan, Aaron Carass, Arnold D. Gomez, Jiachen Zhuo, Xiao Liang, Maureen Stone, and Jerry L. Prince. "Direct Reconstruction of Crossing Muscle Fibers in the Human Tongue Using a Deep Neural Network." In Computational Diffusion MRI, 69–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73018-5_6.

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6

Portegies, Jorg, Stephan Meesters, Pauly Ossenblok, Andrea Fuster, Luc Florack, and Remco Duits. "Brain Connectivity Measures via Direct Sub-Finslerian Front Propagation on the 5D Sphere Bundle of Positions and Directions." In Computational Diffusion MRI, 309–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05831-9_24.

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7

Dietzsch, F., C. Hasse, G. Fru, and D. Thévenin. "The Influence of Differential Diffusion in Turbulent Oxygen Enhanced Methane Flames." In Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation IX, 511–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14448-1_65.

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8

Thevenin, D., E. Van Kalmthout, and S. Candel. "Two-Dimensional Direct Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Diffusion Flames Using Detailed Chemistry." In Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation II, 343–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5624-0_32.

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9

Colombo, Fabrizio, and Jonathan Gantner. "The direct approach to the S-functional calculus." In Quaternionic Closed Operators, Fractional Powers and Fractional Diffusion Processes, 45–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16409-6_3.

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Martens, Kerstin, and Dennis Niemann. "Introduction: International Organisations and Transnational Diffusion." In International Impacts on Social Policy, 147–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_12.

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AbstractInternational organisations (IOs) have long been vibrant actors that influence global governance and transnational diffusion processes of social policies. IOs use a variety of mechanisms to influence international spheres and national policy-making processes. A few are able to distribute financial resources and implement projects, which directly affect people’s lives, and they may also (re)direct national social policies. Many other IOs active in global social policy rather exert soft governance and act as regionally or globally active think tanks that develop and diffuse ideas and norms about social policy issues. Moreover, such IO-induced norms may also become global norms and affect not only member states but all states. This chapter provides a brief overview about current research on IOs in the domain of social policies.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Diffusion en direct":

1

Gosse, Ryan, and Graham Candler. "Diffusion Model Comparisons for Direct Reentry Applications." In 36th AIAA Thermophysics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3635.

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Grabowski, Matthew W., Amy C. Sullivan, and Robert R. McLeod. "3D direct-write waveguides in diffusion photopolymers." In Integrated Photonics Research and Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipra.2006.itud5.

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Wang, Xu, Li-Ao Cao, and Xin-Ping Qu. "Direct copper electrodeposition on novel CoMo diffusion barrier." In 2015 IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference and 2015 IEEE Materials for Advanced Metallization Conference (IITC/MAM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iitc-mam.2015.7325637.

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4

Ho, Ken-Chung, and Jing-Cheng Liao. "Error-Diffusion Fitting of Direct-Binary-Search Halftones." In Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia Workshops (ISMW 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismw.2007.4475957.

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Ho, Ken-Chung, and Jing-Cheng Liao. "Error-Diffusion Fitting of Direct-Binary-Search Halftones." In Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia Workshops (ISMW 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ism.workshops.2007.28.

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Samaras, Nicholas S., and Foteini S. Triantari. "On Direct Diffusion Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks." In 2016 Advances in Wireless and Optical Communications (RTUWO). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtuwo.2016.7821862.

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Gosse, Ryan, and Graham Candler. "Diffusion Flux Modeling: Application to Direct Entry Problems." In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-389.

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Seebauer, E. G., K. A. Schultz, I. I. Suni, and C. E. Allen. "Direct imaging of surface diffusion by optical second harmonic microscopy." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.tuss3.

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The relaxation of a submonolayer step concentration profile of Sb on Ge(111) has been imaged directly by using a newly developed microscopy based on surface second harmonic generation. The step is created in ultrahigh vacuum near room temperature with a beam source and retractable mask. The sample is heated to the diffusion temperature (~800 K) so that the step relaxes. After quenching back to room temperature to freeze the profile, the entire profile is illuminated with a pulsed laser and the reflected second harmonic light is imaged into a photodiode array. SH yield vs. coverage is calibrated independently with Auger spectroscopy. Boltzmann-Matano analysis of the diffusion profile yields the coverage dependence of the diffusivity D. This method avoids the surface damage problems often associated with related laser desorption/grating techniques. We find that D decreases by an order of magnitude as the coverage increases, with a diffusional activation energy near 2 eV. The significance of these results for dopant incorporation chemistry in Ge molecular beam epitaxy is discussed.

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Kaplan, Carolyn, Seung Baek, and Elaine Oran. "Direct numerical simulations of stabilized lifted jet diffusion flames." In 32nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-547.

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Arroyo Ramo, Andrea, Stéphane Moreau, Richard D. Sandberg, Michaël Bauerheim, and Marc C. Jacob. "Direct Numerical Simulation of Controlled Diffusion airfoil self-noise." In 28th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics 2022 Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2815.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Diffusion en direct":

1

Abebe, Girum, Margaret McMillan, and Michel Serafinelli. Foreign Direct Investment and Knowledge Diffusion in Poor Locations: Evidence from Ethiopia. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24461.

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Gundel, L. A., and D. A. Lane. Sorbent-coated diffusion denuders for direct measurement of gas/particle partitioning by semi-volatile organic compounds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/674987.

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3

Orozco, Jeffrey, John Hewitt, Keynor Ruiz, Ricardo Monge-González, and Juan Antonio Rodríguez-Álvarez. Internet Diffusion, Innovation and Employment Growth in the Costa Rican Manufacturing Sector. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009029.

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This study assesses the direct impact of Internet diffusion on total labor demand, the demand for skilled labor, and the demand for female labor. Using data from a sample of manufacturing firms in Costa Rica from 2006 to 2007, the study finds that both process and product innovations are positively related to employment growth and that the use of the Internet by workers for business purposes does not impact demand for labor. The positive impact of product innovation on labor demand increases when workers use the Internet for business purposes. This relationship was not found in cases of skilled and female labor demand. These findings underscore the Internet's importance in improving the impact of product innovation on employment growth and suggest that employee use of the Internet is neither a labor displacement innovation nor a gender or skill-biased innovation.

4

Stucchi, Rodolfo, Alessandro Maffioli, Sofía Rojo, and Victoria Castillo. Knowledge Spillovers of Innovation Policy through Labor Mobility: An Impact Evaluation of the FONTAR Program in Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011534.

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Although knowledge spillovers are at the core of the innovation policy's justification, they have never been properly measured by any impact evaluation. This paper fills this gap by estimating the spillover effects of the FONTAR program in Argentina. We use an employer-employee matched panel dataset with the entire population of firms and workers in Argentina for the period 2002-2010. This dataset allows us to track the mobility of qualified workers from FONTAR beneficiary firms to other firms and, therefore, to identify firms that indirectly benefit from the program through knowledge diffusion. We use a combination of fixed effect and matching to estimate the causal effect-direct and indirect-of the program on various measures of performance. Our findings are robust to a placebo test based on anticipatory effects and show that the program increased employment, wages, and the exporting probability of both direct and indirect beneficiaries. The analysis of the dynamic of these effects confirms that performance does not improve immediately after the treatment for neither direct nor indirect beneficiaries.

5

Glasscott, Matthew, Johanna Jernberg, Erik Alberts, and Lee Moores. Toward the electrochemical detection of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43826.

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Analytical methods to rapidly detect explosive compounds with high precision are paramount for applications ranging from national security to environmental remediation. This report demonstrates two proof-of-concept electroanalytical methods for the quantification of 2,4-dinitroanisol (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). For the first time, DNAN reduction was analyzed and compared at a bare graphitic carbon electrode, a polyaniline-modified (PANI) electrode, and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrode utilizing PANI to explore the effect of surface-area and preconcentration affinity on the analytical response. Since some explosive compounds such as PETN are not appreciably soluble in water (<10 μg/L), necessitating a different solvent system to permit direct detection via electrochemical reduction. A 1,2-dichloroethane system was explored as a possibility by generating a liquid-liquid extraction-based sensor exploiting the immiscibility of 1,2-dichloroethane and water. The reduction process was explored using a scan rate analysis to extract a diffusion coefficient of 6.67 x 10⁻⁶ cm/s, in agreement with literature values for similarly structured nitrate esters. Once further refined, these techniques may be extended to other explosives and combined with portable electrochemical hardware to bring real-time chemical information to soldiers and citizens alike.

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Shapira, Philip, Jan Youtie, Debbie Cox, Elvira Uyarra, Abullah Gök, Juan Rogers, and Chris Downing. Institutions for Technology Diffusion. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009253.

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This technical note analyzes international experiences and practices of public technology extension service programs. Technology extension services comprise varied forms of assistance provided directly to enterprises to foster technological modernization and improvement, with a focus on established small and mid-sized enterprises. The note discusses the definitions, rationales, and characteristics of selected technology extension service programs, drawing on examples from Europe, North America, and other regions. It presents four detailed case studies: the U.S. Manufacturing Extension Partnership; the National Research Council-Industrial Research Assistance Program in Canada; England's Manufacturing Advisory Service; and Tecnalia, an applied technology organization in Spain. The case studies address several program elements including the history and evolution of the program, structure, program scale, financing structure, services and clients, governance, personnel, monitoring, and evaluation. The analysis highlights common and distinctive characteristics as well as program strengths, weaknesses, and key practices. The note provides a framework for positioning technology extension services within the broader mix of policies for technology transfer, business upgrading, and innovation, and offers conclusions and insights to support efforts to strengthen technology extension services in Latin America.

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Lajosi, Krisztina. ECMI Minorities Blog. Disinformation, Digital Nationalism and the Hungarian Minority in Ukraine. European Centre for Minority Issues, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/slwe2333.

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The Hungarian minority in Ukraine living mainly in the region of Transcarpathia (Zakarpattia Oblast) has not yet been directly exposed to the horrors of the war. However, roughly since 2014, it has been targeted by online propaganda and disinformation serving the interests of the Kremlin in both Russian and Hungarian media. Several studies have demonstrated how the right-wing media supporting the Hungarian government have come increasingly under Russian influence either directly by translating pieces from Russian media outlets, or indirectly by channeling the talking points of the Kremlin. This digital propaganda has merged with the offline diffusion of ideologies supporting the illiberal democracy that Viktor Orbán declared official policy in Hungary in his infamous speech from 2014. This blog post explores the intricate web of nationalisms that influence political opinions among the Hungarian minority in Ukraine.

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Brydie, Dr James, Dr Alireza Jafari, and Stephanie Trottier. PR-487-143727-R01 Modelling and Simulation of Subsurface Fluid Migration from Small Pipeline Leaks. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011025.

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The dispersion and migration behavior of hydrocarbon products leaking at low rates (i.e. 1bbl/day and 10 bbl/day) from a pipeline have been studied using a combination of experimental leakage tests and numerical simulations. The focus of this study was to determine the influence of subsurface engineered boundaries associated with the trench walls, and the presence of a water table, upon the leakage behavior of a range of hydrocarbon products. The project numerically modelled three products including diesel, diluted bitumen (dilbit) and gasoline; which were chosen to span a range of fluid types and viscosities. Laboratory simulations of leakage were carried out for the most viscous product (i.e. dilbit) in order to capture plume dispersion in semi-real time, and to allow numerical predictions to be assessed against experimental data. Direct comparisons between observed plume dimensions over time and numerically predicted behavior suggested a good match under low moisture conditions, providing confidence that the numerical simulation was sufficiently reliable to model field-scale applications. Following a simulated two year initialization period, the leakage of products, their associated gas phase migration, thermal and geomechanical effects were simulated for a period of 365 days. Comparisons between product leakage rate, product type and soil moisture content were made and the spatial impacts of leakage were summarized. Variably compacted backfill within the trench, surrounded by undisturbed and more compacted natural soils, results porosity and permeability differences which control the migration of liquids, gases, thermal effects and surface heave. Dilbit migration is influenced heavily by the trench, and also its increasing viscosity as it cools and degases after leakage. Diesel and gasoline liquid plumes are also affected by the trench structure, but to a lesser extent, resulting in wider and longer plumes in the subsurface. In all cases, the migration of liquids and gases is facilitated by higher permeability zones at the base of the pipe. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) migrate along the trench and break through at the surface within days of the leak. Temperature changes within the trench may increase due liquid migration, however the change in predicted temperature at the surface above the leak is less than 0.5�C above background. For gasoline, the large amount of degassing and diffusion through the soil results in cooling of the soil by up to 1�C. Induced surface displacement was predicted for dilbit and for one case of diesel, but only in the order of 0.2cm above baseline. Based upon the information gathered, recommendations are provided for the use and placement of generic leak detection sensor types (e.g liquid, gas, thermal, displacement) within the trench and / or above the ground surface. The monitoring locations suggested take into account requirements to detect pipeline leakage as early as possible in order to facilitate notification of the operator and to predict the potential extent of site characterization required during spill response and longer term remediation activities.

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Allen, Jeffrey, Robert Moser, Zackery McClelland, Md Mohaiminul Islam, and Ling Liu. Phase-field modeling of nonequilibrium solidification processes in additive manufacturing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42605.

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This project models dendrite growth during nonequilibrium solidification of binary alloys using the phase-field method (PFM). Understanding the dendrite formation processes is important because the microstructural features directly influence mechanical properties of the produced parts. An improved understanding of dendrite formation may inform design protocols to achieve optimized process parameters for controlled microstructures and enhanced properties of materials. To this end, this work implements a phase-field model to simulate directional solidification of binary alloys. For applications involving strong nonequilibrium effects, a modified antitrapping current model is incorporated to help eject solute into the liquid phase based on experimentally calibrated, velocity-dependent partitioning coefficient. Investigated allow systems include SCN, Si-As, and Ni-Nb. The SCN alloy is chosen to verify the computational method, and the other two are selected for a parametric study due to their different diffusion properties. The modified antitrapping current model is compared with the classical model in terms of predicted dendrite profiles, tip undercooling, and tip velocity. Solidification parameters—the cooling rate and the strength of anisotropy—are studied to reveal their influences on dendrite growth. Computational results demonstrate effectiveness of the PFM and the modified antitrapping current model in simulating rapid solidification with strong nonequilibrium at the interface.

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Fallik, Elazar, Robert Joly, Ilan Paran, and Matthew A. Jenks. Study of the Physiological, Molecular and Genetic Factors Associated with Postharvest Water Loss in Pepper Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593392.bard.

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The fruit of pepper (Capsicum annuum) commonly wilts (or shrivels) during postharvest storage due to rapid water loss, a condition that greatly reduces its shelf life and market value. The fact that pepper fruit are hollow, and thus have limited water content, only exacerbates this problem in pepper. The collaborators on this project completed research whose findings provided new insight into the genetic, physiological, and biochemical basis for water loss from the fruits of pepper (Capsicum annuum and related Capsicum species). Well-defined genetic populations of pepper were used in this study, the first being a series of backcross F₁ and segregating F₂, F₃, and F₄ populations derived from two original parents selected for having dramatic differences in fruit water loss rate (very high and very low water loss). The secondly population utilized in these studies was a collection of 50 accessions representing world diversity in both species and cultivar types. We found that an unexpectedly large amount of variation was present in both fruit wax and cutin composition in these collections. In addition, our studies revealed significant correlations between the chemical composition of both the fruit cuticular waxes and cutin monomers with fruit water loss rate. Among the most significant were that high alkane content in fruit waxes conferred low fruit water loss rates and low permeability in fruit cuticles. In contrast, high amounts of terpenoids (plus steroidal compounds) were associated with very high fruit water loss and cuticle permeability. These results are consistent with our models that the simple straight chain alkanes pack closely together in the cuticle membrane and obstruct water diffusion, whereas lipids with more complex 3-dimensional structure (such as terpenoids) do not pack so closely, and thus increase the diffusion pathways. The backcross segregating populations were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with water loss (using DART markers, Diversity Arrays Technology LTD). These studies resulted in identification of two linked QTLs on pepper’s chromosome 10. Although the exact genetic or physiological basis for these QTLs function in water loss is unknown, the genotypic contribution in studies of near-isogenic lines selected from these backcross populations reveals a strong association between certain wax compounds, the free fatty acids and iso-alkanes. There was also a lesser association between the water loss QTLs with both fruit firmness and total soluble sugars. Results of these analyses have revealed especially strong genetic linkages between fruit water loss, cuticle composition, and two QTLs on chromosome 10. These findings lead us to further speculate that genes located at or near these QTLs have a strong influence on cuticle lipids that impact water loss rate (and possibly, whether directly or indirectly, other traits like fruit firmness and sugar content). The QTL markers identified in these studies will be valuable in the breeding programs of scientists seeking to select for low water loss, long lasting fruits, of pepper, and likely the fruits of related commodities. Further work with these newly developed genetic resources should ultimately lead to the discovery of the genes controlling these fruit characteristics, allowing for the use of transgenic breeding approaches toward the improvement of fruit postharvest shelf life.