Готові списки джерел за темами / Differentiating therapy

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Differentiating therapy"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 29 березня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Differentiating therapy"

Mauss, Stefan, Juergen Stechel, Reinhard Willers, Guenther Schmutz, Florian Berger, and Werner O. Richter. "Differentiating hyperlipidaemia associated with antiretroviral therapy." AIDS 17, no. 2 (January 2003): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200301240-00008.

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Akita, Sadanori, Keiji Suzuki, Hiroshi Yoshimoto, Akira Ohtsuru, Akiyoshi Hirano, and Shunichi Yamashita. "Cellular Mechanism Underlying Highly-Active or Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Lipodystrophy: Atazanavir, a Protease Inhibitor, Compromises Adipogenic Conversion of Adipose-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells through Accelerating ER Stress-Mediated Cell Death in Differentiating Adipocytes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042114.

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Lipodystrophy is a common complication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or antiretroviral therapy (ART). Previous studies demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) is involved in lipodystrophy; however, the detailed mechanism has not been fully described in human adipogenic cell lineage. We utilized adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) obtained from human subcutaneous adipose tissue, and atazanavir (ATV), a protease inhibitor (PI), was administered to ADSCs and ADSCs undergoing adipogenic conversion. Marked repression of adipogenic differentiation was observed when ATV was administered during 10 days of ADSC culture in adipogenic differentiation medium. Although ATV had no effect on ADSCs, it significantly induced apoptosis in differentiating adipocytes. ATV treatment also caused the punctate appearance of CCAAT-enhancer-binding (C/EBP) protein homologous protein (CHOP), and altered expression of CHOP and GRP78/Bip, which are the representation of ER stress, only in differentiating adipocytes. Administration of UPR inhibitors restored adipogenic differentiation, indicating that ER stress-mediated UPR was induced in differentiating adipocytes in the presence of ATV. We also observed autophagy, which was potentiated in differentiating adipocytes by ATV treatment. Thus, adipogenic cell atrophy leads to ATV-induced lipodystrophy, which is mediated by ER stress-mediated UPR and accelerated autophagy, both of which would cause adipogenic apoptosis. As our study demonstrated for the first time that ADSCs are unsusceptible to ATV and its deleterious effects are limited to the differentiating adipocytes, responsible target(s) for ATV-induced lipodystrophy may be protease(s) processing adipogenesis-specific protein(s).

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Waheed, Zeeshan, Muhammad Irfan, Mohammad Salih, and Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi. "Differentiating Asthma from its mimics." Chest Disease Reports 1, no. 1 (October 26, 2011): e17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/cdr.1.191.

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All that wheezes is not asthma this adage accredited to Chevalier Jackson emphasizes the importance of differentiating asthma from its mimics, particularly if the patient is not responding to usual therapy. The above statement also warrants further diagnostic evaluation and management of non-asthma conditions that mimic asthma. We present here a case of a middle aged female who presented with severe bronchospasm, initially labeled as asthma but was resistant to usual anti-asthma therapy. After further workup she was eventually diagnosed to have esophageal achalasia.

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Waheed, Zeeshan, Muhammad Irfan, Mohammad Salih, and Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi. "Differentiating Asthma from its mimics." Chest Disease Reports 1, no. 1 (October 26, 2011): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/cdr.2011.e17.

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<em>All that wheezes is not asthma</em> this adage accredited to Chevalier Jackson emphasizes the importance of differentiating asthma from its mimics, particularly if the patient is not responding to usual therapy. The above statement also warrants further diagnostic evaluation and management of non-asthma conditions that mimic asthma. We present here a case of a middle aged female who presented with severe bronchospasm, initially labeled as asthma but was resistant to usual anti-asthma therapy. After further workup she was eventually diagnosed to have esophageal achalasia.

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Danielian, Alfred, and Ankit B. Shah. "Differentiating Physiology from Pathology." Clinics in Sports Medicine 41, no. 3 (July 2022): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2022.02.005.

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Lin, Tara L., William Matsui, Milada S. Vala, Sarah Brennan, B. Douglas Smith, and Richard J. Jones. "Anti-Leukemic Effect of Maintenance Chemotherapy Is Mediated by Induction of Differentiation." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.865.865.

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Abstract The clinical benefit of maintenance therapy (prolonged post-remission low-dose therapy) has been limited to two diseases, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), despite extensive study in many malignancies. Moreover, the mechanisms responsible for the anti-leukemic effects of maintenance therapy in both ALL and APL are unclear. Maintenance therapy in ALL consists of the low-dose cytotoxic agents methotrexate (MTX) and 6-mercaptopurine (6MP), while maintenance therapy in APL has primarily been all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Interestingly, the addition of low-dose MTX and 6MP to maintenance ATRA has recently been shown to improve disease-free survival in APL. These clinical results, combined with our recent data and that from others showing that low-dose cytotoxic agents are potent differentiating agents, suggest that these agents may induce the differentiation of leukemic progenitors responsible for disease relapse. Therefore, we examined the differentiating effects of ATRA and low-dose MTX and 6MP on human APL and ALL cells. The APL cell line NB4 was treated with ATRA (1 μM), MTX (0.01 μM) and 6MP (1 μM) for 48 hours and then analyzed for apoptosis, clonogenic growth and surface expression of the myeloid differentiation antigens CD11b and CD15 by flow cytometry. As expected, ATRA did not induce immediate apoptosis, but inhibited clonogenic growth associated with markedly increased expression of both myeloid antigens, consistent with induction of terminal differentiation. Both MTX and 6MP had similar effects on the NB4 cells, and, thus, similarly appeared to induce terminal differentiation rather than cytoxicity. We then examined the effects of these agents on two ALL cell lines: REH, which is derived from pediatric ALL and contains the t(12;21) chromosomal translocation producing the TEL-AML1 fusion protein, and RS4;11, which is derived from adult ALL and contains the t(4;11) chromosomal translocation producing the MLL-AF4 fusion gene. ATRA, MTX and 6MP induced upregulation of CD19 and CD38 surface antigen expression. Similar to their effects on the NB4 APL line, the agents also inhibited clonogenic growth of the ALL cells without induction of immediate apoptosis. ATRA, MTX, and 6MP produce similar effects on APL and ALL cells in vitro. These results suggest that low-dose MTX and 6MP used as maintenance therapy improve clinical outcomes in ALL and APL by inducing the terminal differentiation of leukemic progenitors responsible for disease relapse. As the addition of low-dose MTX and 6MP has improved the results of maintenance ATRA in APL, the addition of pharmacologic differentiating agents such as ATRA to MTX and 6MP may improve ALL therapy, particularly for adults.

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Mehrazin, Reza, and Matthew D. Galsky. "Systemic therapy—differentiating the achievable from the achieved." Nature Reviews Urology 12, no. 3 (January 20, 2015): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2014.358.

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Cassinat, Bruno, Sylvie Chevret, Fabien Zassadowski, Nicole Balitrand, Isabelle Guillemot, Marie-Laurence Menot, Laurent Degos, Pierre Fenaux, and Christine Chomienne. "In vitro all-trans retinoic acid sensitivity of acute promyelocytic leukemia blasts: a novel indicator of poor patient outcome." Blood 98, no. 9 (November 1, 2001): 2862–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v98.9.2862.

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Abstract Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) blasts possess a unique sensitivity to the differentiating effects of all-transretinoic acid (ATRA). Multicenter trials confirm that the combination of differentiation and cytotoxic therapy prolongs survival in APL patients. However relapses still occur, and exquisite adaptation of therapy to prognostic factors is essential to aim at a possible cure of the disease. A heterogeneity was previously reported in the differentiation rate of patients' APL blasts, and it was postulated that this may reflect the in vivo heterogeneous outcome. In this study, it is demonstrated that patients of the APL93 trial whose leukemic cells achieved optimal differentiation with ATRA in vitro at diagnosis had a significantly improved event-free survival (P = .01) and lower relapse rate (P = .04). This analysis highlights the importance of the differentiation step in APL therapy and justifies ongoing studies aimed at identifying novel RA-differentiation enhancers.

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Callens, Celine, Séverine Coulon, Jerome Naudin, Isabelle Radford-Weiss, Nicolas Boissel, Emmanuel Raffoux, Pamella Huey Mei Wang, et al. "Targeting iron homeostasis induces cellular differentiation and synergizes with differentiating agents in acute myeloid leukemia." Journal of Experimental Medicine 207, no. 4 (April 5, 2010): 731–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20091488.

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Differentiating agents have been proposed to overcome the impaired cellular differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, only the combinations of all-trans retinoic acid or arsenic trioxide with chemotherapy have been successful, and only in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (also called AML3). We show that iron homeostasis is an effective target in the treatment of AML. Iron chelating therapy induces the differentiation of leukemia blasts and normal bone marrow precursors into monocytes/macrophages in a manner involving modulation of reactive oxygen species expression and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). 30% of the genes most strongly induced by iron deprivation are also targeted by vitamin D3 (VD), a well known differentiating agent. Iron chelating agents induce expression and phosphorylation of the VD receptor (VDR), and iron deprivation and VD act synergistically. VD magnifies activation of MAPK JNK and the induction of VDR target genes. When used to treat one AML patient refractory to chemotherapy, the combination of iron-chelating agents and VD resulted in reversal of pancytopenia and in blast differentiation. We propose that iron availability modulates myeloid cell commitment and that targeting this cellular differentiation pathway together with conventional differentiating agents provides new therapeutic modalities for AML.

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Martire, Joseph R. "Differentiating Stress Fracture From Periostitis." Physician and Sportsmedicine 22, no. 10 (October 1994): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1994.11710503.

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Дисертації з теми "Differentiating therapy"

Sutha, Ken. "Osteoinductive material derived from differentiating embryonic stem cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51722.

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The loss of regenerative capacity of bone, from fetal to adult to aged animals, has been attributed not only to a decline in the function of cells involved in bone formation but also to alterations in the bone microenvironment that occur through development and aging, including extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and growth/trophic factor content. In the development of novel treatments for bone repair, one potential therapeutic goal is the restoration of a more regenerative microenvironment, as found during embryonic development. One approach to creating such a microenvironment is through the use of stem cells. In addition to serving as a differentiated cell source, pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), may possess the unique potential to modulate tissue environments via local production of ECM and growth factors. ESC-produced factors may be harnessed and delivered to promote functional tissue regeneration. Such an approach to generate a naturally derived, acelluar therapy has been employed successfully to deliver osteoinductive factors found within adult bone, in the form of demineralized bone matrix (DBM), but the development of treatments derived instead from developing, more regenerative tissues or cells remains attractive. Furthermore, the derivation of regenerative materials from an ESC source also presents the added benefit of eliminating donor to donor variability of adult, cadaveric tissue derived materials, such as DBM. Thus, the objective of this project was to examine the osteoinductive potential harbored within the embryonic microenvironment, in vitro and in vivo. The osteogenic differentiation of mouse ESCs as embryoid bodies (EBs) was evaluated in response to phosphate treatment, in vitro, including osteoinductive growth factor production. The osteoinductivity of EB-derived material (EBM) was then compared to that of adult tissue-derived DBM, in vivo. Phosphate treatment enhanced osteogenic differentiation of EBs. EBM derived from phosphate treated EBs retained bioactive, osteoinductive factors and induced new bone formation, demonstrating that the microenvironment within osteogenic EBs can be harnessed in an acellular material to yield in vivo osteoinductivity. This work not only provides new insights into the dynamic microenvironments of differentiating stem cells but also establishes an approach for the development of an ESC-derived, tissue specific therapy.

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Dashottar, Amitabh. "Posterior Shoulder Tightness Measurements: Differentiating Capsule, Muscle and Bone." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337880690.

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Danilewitz, Larry Mark. "A phenomenological investigation into the psychoanalytic psychotherapist's experience of identifying, differentiating and processing the patient's transference-based and reality-oriented reactions." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002469.

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The aim of this study was to describe the psychoanalytically-oriented therapist's experience of identifying, differentiating and processing the patient's transference-based and reality-oriented reactions. In order to investigate the therapist's lived experience of being receptive to the total communication of the patient in the analytic situation, the researcher adopted the empirical phenomenological method. This descriptive and intuitive method grounded the researcher in the concreteness of the everyday life-world of the therapist, and enabled him to explicate the therapist's immediate, pre-theoretical experiences of his patient. The appropriate central research question, formulated to elicit the experience of this phenomenon, emerged through the process of enquiry during the pilot study. Thirteen experienced, psychoanalytically-oriented psychotherapists were interviewed and the five protocols considered most revelatory of the phenomenon under investigation were analyzed in detail. The remaining eight protocols were used to illuminate central themes and to clarify areas of uncertainty during the phase of formal explication. The central findings revealed that the oscillating process of the therapist as he shifts from being immersed in the world of his patient to being in a position of observation and self reflection is the fulcrum around which he evaluates the nature of his patient's communications. During this ongoing process of discrimination, living in duality, the therapist comes to experience himself as a patient scrutinized by his own and his patient's confrontations. His journey of disentanglement, the endeavour to differentiate his responses from his patient's actions, is dependent on his ability to engage in honest selfreflection and to access his pre-theoretical and articulated cognitions of his patient. This allows him to acknowledge his own role in what has unfolded interpersonally and to appropriate his previously denied feelings for and attitudes towards his patient, a prerequisite for the accurate and full appraisal of the nature of his patient's communications. Forsaking fixed judgements, the therapist becomes open to the confluence between the reality-oriented responses and transference-based reactions of his patient. This salient discovery, when dialogued with the literature, reinforced the theories of Greenson and Langs that not all the interactions between the patient and the analyst/therapist are transference-based and that it is therefore imperative that the analyst/therapist reflect on his participation in the analytic situation.

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Knerr, Michael R. "Differentiation and Power in Couples Therapy." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1221759872.

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Queron, Brenda. "Étude du mode d'action du DV188 dans l'inhibition des propriétés souches et tumorigéniques des cellules souches cancéreuses de gliome." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ6050.

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Les glioblastomes se classent parmi les tumeurs cérébrales les plus agressives, caractérisées par une hétérogénéité intratumorale, une faible espérance de vie et une résistance prononcée aux traitements par radio-chimiothérapie. La complexité de ces tumeurs réside notamment dans la présence de cellules souches de gliomes (CSG), impliquées dans la prolifération clonale, l'invasivité et la récidive tumorale. Les CSG expriment divers marqueurs de cellules souches et de pluripotence tels que NANOG et SOX2. Ces facteurs de transcription doivent être transloqués dans le noyau cellulaire pour activer desprogrammes géniques qui maintiennent les propriétés souches et la tumorigénicité des CSG. Le traitement conventionnel consiste en une chirurgie, lorsque cela est possible, suivie d'une radiochimiothérapie. Malheureusement, ce traitement demeure limité, et les tumeurs récidivent en raison dela sélection et de la persistance des CSG résistantes après l'arrêt du traitement. Pour surmonter ce phénomène dû à la pression cytotoxique, nous avons cherché à élaborer une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique visant à induire la différentiation des CSG en un phénotype moins agressif et plus sensible au traitement conventionnel. Dans ce contexte, nous avons identifié un composé chimique, le DV188, issu d'une bibliothèque de molécules synthétisée par l'Institut de Chimie de Nice. Nos résultats ont montré que ce composé est capable d'induire la différentiation des CSG dérivées de patients, d’inhiberleur capacité de prolifération clonale et de les sensibiliser à l’agent chimiothérapeutique de référence, le temozolomide (TMZ). Plus important encore, le DV188 empêche in vivo l'initiation et la progression tumorale sans affecter la survie de la souris après des mois de traitement. De plus, la combinaison de traitement du DV188 et du TMZ a démontré une efficacité deux fois supérieure à celle du TMZ seul. Au niveau moléculaire, nous avons mis en évidence un effet du DV188 sur le transport nucléaire de facteurs essentiels au maintien de l'état souche, perturbant ainsi les mécanismes favorisant l'agressivité et la tumorigénicité des CSG. Ces données soutiennent fortement l'idée que le ciblage de la différentiation des CSG représente une voie thérapeutique prometteuse contre le glioblastome. Dans la lignée de cette avancée, et compte tenu de l'efficacité démontrée du DV188 dans les modèles murins, l'exploration de sa combinaison avec l'agent chimiothérapeutique de référence s'impose comme une nouvelle stratégie synergique potentielle pour le traitement de cette maladie dévastatrice
Glioblastomas are the most aggressive brain tumors, characterized by intratumoral heterogeneity, poor life expectancy, and significant resistance to radio-chemotherapy treatments. The complexity of these tumors is further exacerbated by the presence of glioma stem cells (GSC), which play a crucial role in clonal proliferation, invasiveness, and tumor recurrence. GSC express various stem cell and pluripotency markers, such as NANOG and SOX2. These transcription factors must be translocated into the nucleus to activate gene programs that maintain stemness and tumorigenic properties of GSCs. The conventional treatment involves surgical intervention, when possible, followed by radio- chemotherapy. Unfortunately, this conventional treatment is limited, and tumors relapse due to the selection and the persistence of resistant GSC upon treatment cessation. To overcome this issue resulting from cytotoxic pressure, we aimed to develop a novel therapeutic strategy based on the differentiation of GSC into a less aggressive phenotype that is more sensitive to conventional treatments. In this context, we identified a chemical compound, DV188, synthesized from a molecule library by the Institute of Chemistry in Nice. Our results indicate that this compound effectively induces differentiation of patient-derived GSC, inhibits their clonal proliferation capacity, and sensitizes them to the standard chemotherapeutic agent, temozolomide (TMZ). Importantly, DV188 prevents in vivo tumor initiation and progression without affecting mouse survival following months of treatment. Additionally, the combination of DV188 and TMZ treatment demonstrated twice the efficacy compared to TMZ alone. At the molecular level, we identified an effect of DV188 on the nuclear transport of essential factors required for maintaining stem cell properties, thereby disrupting mechanisms that drive GSC aggressiveness and tumorigenicity. Our data strongly support the idea that targeting GSC differentiation, through the inhibition of nuclear transport of transcription factors involved in maintaining stemness properties, represents a promising therapeutic avenue against glioblastoma. In line with this advancement and considering the demonstrated efficacy of DV188 in murine models, the exploration of its combination with the standard chemotherapeutic agent emerges as a potential new synergistic strategy for treating this devastating disease

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Enane, Francis Obunyakha. "HEPATOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: RATIONALE FOR P53 INDEPENDENT THERAPY." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1491570319727552.

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Yang, Ya-Ting. "Molecularly targeted therapy for ovarian cancer." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1149015359.

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EL, SAID DALYA. "Blood derived stem cells (BDSCs): neural differentiation protocols for human therapy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/209984.

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La tecnologia delle cellule staminali hanno causato un notevole entusiasmo tra gli interessati alla salute degli animali e degli uomini. Molte persone stanno cercando nuove cure per le malattie e la terapia i vivo. Noi sappiamo che tutti i tipi di cellule possono essere rigenerate eccetto le cellule neuronali di mammifero, sebbene il tessuto nervoso periferico si rigeneri la guaina mielinica che permette l’orientamento della fibra. L’importanza di ottenere cellule neuronali funzionali è vitale per le malattie neurodegenerative. Le malattie neurodegenerative sono per definizione delle malattie progressive corniche caratterizzate da una selettiva perdita di neuroni in aree motori simmetriche, sensoriali e cognitive appartenenti al SNC, o perdita/ disfunzione delle fibre mieliniche o non mieliniche nel SNP. Oggi è possibile deprogrammare cellule adulte in cellule staminali pluripotenti in vitro utilizzando specifici protocolli e sostanze non tossiche per l’uomo, ottenere neurosfere (corpi cellulari da dove è possibile isolare e studiare le cellule staminali neuronali). In questo lavoro di tesi ho dimostrato come è possibile utilizzando cellule deprogrammate del sangue ottenere neurosfere e differenziarle in neuroni adulti in vitro e come questi miei risultati siano in accordo con i risultati ottenuti in vivo.
Stem cells technology has provoked considerable excitement among people interested in welfare of animals and humans. Many people are searching for new treatments of diseases and in vivo therapy. We know that all types of cells can be regenerated except neural cells of mammals such as don’t regenerate, although the peripheral nervous tissue regenerate if neurillematic sheath allow the orientation of fiber. the importance of obtaining functional nerve cells is vital in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are by definition progressive chronic diseases characterized by a selective loss of neurons in areas, symmetric motor , sensory , cognitive and member ship of CNS, or loss / dysfunction of myelinated or non myelinated fibers in the PNS. It has been possible today to use BDSCs after Deprogrammation of adult peripheral blood, and using specific protocols to obtain “neurospheres” from these cells in specific medium and non toxic substances addition. Neurospheres (composed of neural stem cells) provide a method for investigating neural precursor in vitro instead of embryonic stem cells. In this study I have demonstrated how BDSCs being able to form neurospheres and differentiated into mature neurons in vitro, and how it is possible to use stem cells therapy as treatment in vivo.

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Harrison, Adrian Paul. "Regulation of porcine skeletal muscle growth and differentiation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360936.

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Razvadauskaite, Giedre. "Survival and differentiation of implanted skeletal myoblasts in the native and in the cryoinjured myocardium." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0106103-155714.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Keywords: myoblasts; dexamethasone; infarction; cryoinjury; desmin; myosin heavy chain; differentiation. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-59).

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Книги з теми "Differentiating therapy"

1946-, D'Alessandro Natale, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., and NATO Advanced Study Institute on Specific Approaches in Cancer Therapy: Differentiation, Immunomodulation, and Angiogenesis (1992 : Erice, Italy), eds. Cancer therapy: Differentiation, immunomodulation, and angiogenesis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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1936-, Waxman Samuel, Rossi G. B, Takaku Fumimaro, Conference on Differentiation Therapy (2nd : 1987 : Bermuda Islands), and Conference on Differentiation Therapy (4th : 1990 : Chiba-ken, Japan), eds. The Status of differentiation therapy of cancer. New York: Raven Press, 1988.

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A, Firestone Lisa, and Catlett Joyce, eds. The self under siege: Voice therapy and differentiation. New York: Routledge, 2012.

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Fritz, Zahnd, ed. Differentiation, examination, and treatment of movement disorders in manual therapy. Edinburgh: Butterworth-Heinemann Elsevier, 2006.

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Symposium on Advances in Neuroblastoma Research. (6th 1993 Philadelphia, Pa.). Advances in neuroblastoma research 4: Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Advances in Neuroblastoma Research, held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 13-15, 1993. Edited by Evans Audrey E. 1925-. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1994.

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Sherbet, G. V. Growth factors and their receptors in cell differentiation, cancer and cancer therapy. London: Elsevier, 2011.

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Ulrich, Henning. Perspectives of Stem Cells: From tools for studying mechanisms of neuronal differentiation towards therapy. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010.

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Davis, Sanberg Cyndy, and Sanberg Paul R, eds. Cell therapy, stem cells, and brain repair. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2006.

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1945-, Blanchard Ray, and Steiner Betty W, eds. Clinical management of gender identity disorders in children and adults. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1990.

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1949-, Bernal Samuel D., Hesketh Paul J. 1952-, and International Conference on Lung Cancer (1990), eds. Lung cancer differentiation: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1992.

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Hewitt, Elizabeth Sheppard. "Differentiating Grief and Depression." In New Techniques of Grief Therapy, 143–47. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351069120-24.

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Redfern, Emma E. "Differentiating between key IFS concepts and practices." In Transitioning to Internal Family Systems Therapy, 105–26. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003243571-8.

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Giacomucci, Scott. "Trauma, Social Work, and Psychodrama." In Social Work, Sociometry, and Psychodrama, 127–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6342-7_7.

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AbstractThe history and principles of trauma-informed practice in social work are presented while differentiating trauma-informed and trauma-focused practices. The practice of trauma-focused group therapy and trauma-focused psychodrama is outlined while acknowledging the recent calls for increased trauma content in graduate curriculums. Safety, play, and spontaneity are elevated as core elements in psychodrama’s effectiveness in working with trauma survivors. Psychodrama’s unique capacity for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is presented while outlining two trauma-focused psychodrama models—the Therapeutic Spiral Model and the Relational Trauma Repair Model.

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Fazio, Vito M., Giuseppina Barrera, Roberto Muraca, Monica Rinaldi, Silvia A. Ciafrè, Marzia Lazzari, Mario U. Dianzani, and Maria Giulia Farace. "Differentiating Agents and Cancer Therapy. Role of Cellular Lipid Peroxidation and its Product 4-Hydroxynonenal in the Control of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation." In Combination Therapies 2, 105–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2964-4_13.

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Lin, Tara L., and William Matsui. "Differentiation Therapy in AML." In Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, 293–312. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-322-6_14.

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Ozpolat, Bulent. "Resistance to Differentiation Therapy." In Drug Resistance in Cancer Cells, 233–55. New York, NY: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89445-4_10.

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Malik, S. T. A. "Differentiation Therapy of Cancer." In Developmental Biology and Cancer, 457–77. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003575153-18.

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Rossi, G. B., G. Romeo, A. Battistini, E. Affabris, E. M. Coccia, and G. Fiorucci. "Interferon Regulation of Differentiation and Mechanisms." In Cancer Therapy, 71–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84613-7_6.

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Peseschkian, Nossrat. "Using the Differentiation Analytical Inventory (DAI)." In Positive Family Therapy, 192–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70680-6_41.

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Beyhan, Yunus Emre. "Cystic Echinococcosis and Molecular Diagnosis." In Molecular Approaches in Medicine, 1–20. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359524.1.

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic disease caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus. It predominantly affects the liver but can also impact the lungs, kidneys, spleen, brain, bones, and heart. CE is prevalent in regions with low socio-economic status and is associated with significant health and economic burdens due to medical costs and reduced livestock productivity. Diagnosis typically involves radiological and serological methods, and treatment primarily consists of surgery, though drug therapy and less invasive procedures like PAIR are also used. Prevention focuses on controlling animal slaughter practices, improving public hygiene, and providing education on the disease. The molecular approach in cystic echinococcosis (CE) involves identifying and differentiating species within the Echinococcus genus using DNA-based methods. PCR and its variations, such as PCR-RFLP, RAPD-PCR, LAMP, mPCR, and DNA sequencing, are employed to determine genetic diversity and specific genotypes. These methods are highly sensitive and specific, aiding in accurate diagnosis and epidemiological studies. The E. granulosus complex comprises several genotypes (G1-G10), with G1 being the most significant for human infections. Molecular techniques, including sequencing of mitochondrial genes (cox1, nad1) and nuclear genomic regions (ITS1), provide insights into the parasite’s genetic diversity, host specificity, and epidemiology. Studies in various regions have identified multiple genotypes, highlighting the importance of accurate molecular typing for effective epidemiological studies and control measures. In summary, CE is a significant parasitic disease with widespread implications. Effective diagnosis, treatment, and prevention require a multifaceted approach, incorporating clinical, radiological, and molecular techniques.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Differentiating therapy"

Magda, Zolubak, Pelc Mariusz, and Kawala-Janik Aleksandra. "Challenges in differentiating between attention disorders based on EEG recordings in neurofeedback therapy." In 2018 Applications of Electromagnetics in Modern Techniques and Medicine (PTZE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ptze.2018.8503119.

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Reddick, Wilburn E., John O. Glass, and Ching-Hon Pui. "Differentiating therapy-induced leukoencephalopathy from unmyelinated white matter in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)." In Medical Imaging 2003, edited by Milan Sonka and J. Michael Fitzpatrick. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.480479.

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Sakamoto, N., S. Hara, H. Ishimoto, S. Nakashima, H. Yura, T. Miyamura, D. Okuno, et al. "Serum Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor Is a Candidate Marker Differentiating Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia and Methotrexate-Induced Pneumonia in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Under Methotrexate Therapy." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6165.

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Liu, Chun, Seungik Baek, and Christina Chan. "The Complementary Effect of Mechanical and Chemical Stimuli on the Neural Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80131.

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), derived from bone marrow stroma, are a promising source for tissue repair and regeneration, due to their excellent abilities for proliferation and multipotent differentiation. While accumulated evidences during the past decade have shown that MSCs are able to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myoblasts and adipocytes, more recent research suggest their potential in neuronal differentiation [1]. Chemical stimuli, including growth factors, hormones, and other regulatory molecules, are used traditionally to direct MSC differentiation. Our group has previously shown that the intracellular second messenger, cAMP, is able to initiate early phase neuron-like morphology changes and late phase neural differentiation in MSCs [2]. Studies using chemical stimuli alone, however, have shown limited success in differentiating MSCs to mature neurons, thereby suggesting other factors are necessary for this process. In recent years, interest has grown on the impact of mechanical stimulation, such as stiffness, surface topography, and mechanical stretching, on cell fate decision [3].

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Nelson, S. D., A. J. Moriarty, M. McLoughlin, and K. Balnave. "INVERSE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PLASMA BETA-THROMBOGLOBULIN LEVEL AND: (1) TIME FROM ONSET OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (2) MEAN TIME TO CLOT LYSIS FOLLOWING SYSTEMIC STREPTOKINASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643018.

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The platelet specific protein, beta-thromboglobulin (²-TG) is released into the circulation when blood platelets undergo the release reaction as in platelet aggregation and clotting. This paper describes a study of a cohort of patients (N = 40) in which ²-TG was serially assayed by a radioimmunassay technique at various times from the onset of acute myocardial infarction.It shows a negative correlation (R = -0.76, p = 0.01) between initial ²-TG level and time elapsed since the onset of symptoms. Furthermore, patients fell into two groups - those with high initial or rising levels, and those in whom the levels were not elevated and did not rise. Both groups underwent thrombolytic therapy with intravenous streptokinase, the former manifesting significantly earlier ECG evidence of re-perfusion. Respective mean lysis times and standard errors of the mean (hours) were 0.798 (0.139) and 3.490 (0.498) with p = 0.001 on t-testing. Clearly when the clotting process is well established it is much more difficult to lyse the clot. ²-TG is a marker for the age of the clot in that it reflects the platelet secretion in vivo that accompanies the early stages of clot formation.We conclude that ²-TG assay is not purely an esoteric research technique but has everyday clinical application in differentiating between early streptokinase-induces lysis, when some at-risk myocardium is still viable, and later spontaneous recanalization. Angiography cannot make this distinction.

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Campbell, Kirby R., and Paul J. Campagnola. "Wavelength-dependent Second Harmonic Generation Circular Dichroism for Differentiation of Col I and Col III Isoforms in Stromal Models of Ovarian Cancer." In Cancer Imaging and Therapy. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cancer.2016.jm3a.35.

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Oberheide, Uwe, Birte Jansen, Ingo Bruder, Holger Lubatschowski, Herbert Welling, and Wolfgang Ertmer. "Optoacoustical tissue differentiation for on-line therapy control." In EOS/SPIE European Biomedical Optics Week, edited by Irving J. Bigio, Gerhard J. Mueller, Gerwin J. Puppels, Rudolf W. Steiner, and Katarina Svanberg. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.409333.

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Enane, Francis O., Xiaorong Gu, Murray Korc, and Yogen Saunthararajah. "Abstract 2917: Differentiation therapy and the mechanisms that terminate malignant proliferation." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2917.

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Wingate, Kathryn, Yan Tan, and Wei Tan. "The Effects of Mechanical and Chemical Stimuli on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Vascular Trans-Differentiation and Paracrine Signaling." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14742.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) show great promise for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by tissue engineering and cell therapy. MSCs are particularly useful for vascular therapies as they are easily obtainable, allogenic, trans-differentiate into specific vascular cells, and assist in regenerating vascular tissue through paracrine signaling. [1] However, the mechanisms which direct MSC trans-differentiation and paracrine signaling are not well defined. [2] Incorrect differentiation of MSC can lead to catastrophic side effects such as the development of a dysfunctional endothelium. [3] To safely utilize these cells for the treatment of vascular diseases it is critical to understand the underlying mechanisms that direct MSC differentiation and paracrine signaling.

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Barbieri, Eveline, Zaowen Chen, Mirthala Moreno-Smith, and Jason M. Shohet. "Abstract A02: The epigenetic modifier CHAF1A opposes neuroblastoma differentiation via metabolic reprogramming." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Myc: From Biology to Therapy; January 7-10, 2015; La Jolla, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3125.myc15-a02.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Differentiating therapy"

จันทรวิสูตร, นพัต. การใช้ Differentiation Therapy ในการเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาวะเหนือพันธุกรรมและความรุนแรงของเซลล์มะเร็งในการรักษามะเร็งสมองชนิดกลัยโอบลาสโตมา. คณะแพทยศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2018. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2018.38.

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มะเร็งสมองชนิดกลัยโอบาสโตมา (Glioblastoma) เป็นมะเร็งสมองชนิดที่พบมากที่สุด และมีความรุนแรงมากที่สุดชนิดหนึ่งเมื่อเทียบกับมะเร็งชนิดอื่น ๆ โดยมีอัตราการรอดชีวิตของผู้ป่วยต่ำ เนื่องจากทางเลือกของวิธีการรักษามีน้อย และผู้ป่วยมักเกิดการกลับเป็นซ้ำ นำมาซึ่งความจำเป็นในการศึกษาเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับชีววิทยาของเซลล์มะเร็งชนิดนี้ เพื่อเพิ่มความเข้าใจที่จะทำให้นำไปสู่หนทางการรักษาได้ในอนาคต การศึกษาวิจัยนี้ต้องการศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างความรุนแรงของมะเร็งสมองชนิดกลัยโอบลาสโตมา กับการแสดงออกของยีนที่มีความเกี่ยวข้องกับความเป็นเซลล์ต้นกำเนิด (Stemness-related genes) โดยเฉพาะ LIN28/let-7 pathway และวิถีการส่งสัญญาณในเซลล์มะเร็ง โดยมุ่งเน้นศึกษาวิถีเอ็มทอร์สอง (Mtorc2 signaling pathway) นอกจากนี้ ยังต้องการวิเคราะห์ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่าง Mtorc2 signaling pathway ในเซลล์มะเร็งสมองกับยีนดังกล่าว โดยในการศึกษานี้ได้ทำการเปรียบเทียบคุณสมบัติของเซลล์มะเร็งกลัยโอมาชนิดเกรดสูง (U87MG) และเกรดต่ำ (H4) ได้แก่ ความสามารถในการเจริญ ความสามารถในการเคลื่อนที่การแสดงออกของยีนและการแสดงออกของโปรตีนที่เกี่ยวข้อง ซึ่งพบว่า ปริมาณการแสดงออกของโปรตีน LIN28B และระดับกิจกรรมของโปรตีนในวิถี mTORC2 ในเซลล์ U87MG มีความสอดคล้องกับความสามารถในการเคลื่อนที่ และความมีลักษณะคล้าย mesenchymal cells นอกจากนี้ ยังพบว่าตำแหน่งของกลุ่มโปรตีน mTORC2 ในเซลล์ น่าจะเป็นปัจจัยสำคัญที่ทำให้เซลล์มะเร็งสมองชนิดกลัยโอบลาสโตมามีความรุนแรงมากกว่าเซลล์มะเร็งกลัยโอมาระยะเริ่มต้น ทั้งนี้ ในประชากรของ U87MG พบว่ามีลักษณะของความหลากหลายทางกายภาพสูง โดยมีเซลล์ที่มี ขนาดต่างๆ กันอยู่ในประชากร ซึ่งสามารถแบ่งออกเป็นสองกลุ่ม ได้แก่ ประชากรเซลล์ขนาดใหญ่ และประชากรเซลล์ขนาดเล็ก ซึ่งเมื่อทำการแยกเซลล์ทั้งสองประชากรออกจากกัน ก็พบว่าการแสดงออกของยีนที่เกี่ยวข้องกับความเป็นเซลล์ต้นกำเนิด (OCT4, SOX2 และ LIN28B) และยีนที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ mTORC2 (RICTOR) มีการแสดงออกที่เปลี่ยนแปลงไป และส่งผลต่อความสามารถในการเจริญ โดยหากเซลล์ประชากร ขนาดต่าง ๆ อยู่แยกจากกัน จะทำให้ความเป็นเซลล์ต้นกำเนิดและอัตราการเจริญลดน้อยลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ ซึ่งเป็นข้อมูลที่จะสามารถนำไปต่อยอดในการศึกษาได้ในอนาคตเพื่อเข้าใจถึงพื้นฐานและการสื่อสารภายใน เซลล์มะเร็งสมองชนิดกลัยโอบลาสโตมา รวมไปถึงมะเร็งชนิดอื่น ๆ ที่มีความรุนแรง เพื่อใช้สำหรับการพัฒนาวิธีการรักษาแบบใหม่โดยไม่มุ่งเน้นที่การทำลายเซลล์มะเร็งเป็นหลักแต่เป็นการปรับให้ความรุนแรงของเซลล์มะเร็งลดลง

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Pasternack, Gary R. Target Identification for Differentiation Therapy of Prostate Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada508627.

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Straume, Odd Rune, and Paulo Bastos. Globalization, Product Differentiation and Wage Inequality. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010990.

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This paper develops a two-country, general equilibrium model of oligopoly in which the degree of horizontal product differentiation is endogenously determined by rms strategic investments in product innovation. Consumers seek variety and product innovation is more skill intensive than production. Stronger import competition increases innovation incentives, and thereby the relative demand for skill. An intraindustry trade expansion following trade liberalization can therefore increase wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. In addition, since product differentiation is resource consuming, freer trade entails a potential trade-off between production and variety. The import competition effect highlighted by the model, which plays a key role in determining the general equilibrium, is consistent with panel data on Chilean manufacturing plants.

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Chansiripornchai, Piyarat, and Thanaphum Osathanon. In vitro differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from dental and oral tissues into Islet-like cell cluster. Chulalongkorn University, 2013. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2013.93.

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Diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disorder resulting in hyperglycemia and long-term complications e.g. diabetic encephalopathy and neuropathy. Treatments of diabetes and its complications have faced many obstacles. Trend of stem cells (SCs)-based therapy has been proposed as a novel approach. Though, the study using dental SCs in this regard is yet lacking. In this study, human dental pulp SCs (hDPSCs) and human periodontal ligament SCs (hPDLSCs) were employed. The results illustrated the capability of differentiation toward islet-like cells (ILCs) cluster / insulin-producing cells (IPCs) by hDPSCs and hPDLSCs. In addition, higher capacity of differentiation toward ILCs cluster / IPCs by hDPSCs was apparently showed in respects of colony number, gene and protein marker expression. In addition, the hDPSCs-derived ILCs cluster / IPCs released C-PEPTIDE upon glucose stimulation in dose-dependent manner. After induction, Notch target genes, HES-1 and HEY-1, were upregulated. Notch inhibition during each step or throughout the induction protocol resulted in variation of ILCs cluster / IPCs morphology, mRNA and protein marker expression, and functional property. Thus, the results suggested the capability of dental SCs in differentiation toward ILCs cluster / IPCs which might be implied to the possibility of dental SCs used in diabetes treatment. In addition, Notch signaling might participate in the regulation of dental SCs differentiation toward ILCs cluster / IPCs.

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Chu, Isabel. A Novel Differentiation Therapy Approach to Reduce the Metastatic Potential of Basal, Highly Metastatic, Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada563851.

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Chu, Isabel M. A Novel Differentiation Therapy Approach to Reduce the Metastatic Potential of Basal, Highly Metastatic, Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada553169.

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Chen, Shu-xian, Mei-ying Ao, Xing-qian Yi, Qing-ying He, Qian Chen, Rui-rong Zhang, Jia-wei Dong, Jia-hui Zhang, and Xiao-fan Chen. Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation diet therapy in intervention of type 2 diabetes: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.6.0097.

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Petitte, James, Hefzibah Eyal-Giladi, and Malka Ginsburg. The Study of Primordial Germ Cell Development as a Tool for Gene Transfer in Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1991.7561071.bard.

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The ability to introduce novel genetic material into the genome of commercial poultry has been impeded by a lack of kowledge regarding the origin in the early embryo of the target cell of interest, namely, the germ cell. Hence, this project investigated the emergence of primordial germ cells (PGCs) during the early development of the avian embryo to aid in efforts to produce transgenic poultry on a routine basis. The strategy was to introduce foreign DNA into the area of the unincubated embryo that is destined to give rise to the germ line. The objectives of this project were: 1) to identify and localize a subpopulation of cells in the early embryo which will give rise to PGCs, 2) to determine the best location and stage of development to transfer donor cells for efficient germline chimerism, and 3) to transfect donor cells to produce transgenic/germline chimeric embryos. We show that by using the monoclonal antibody SSEA-1 and by various cell culture techniques that germ cells appear to segregate from the somatic lineages at St. X., a process that is gradual and continues through St. XIV. Using microsurgical transplantation between quail and chick embryos, we demonstrated that the inner 1/3 of the area pellucida between states X-XII gives rise to about 2/3 of the germ cell population at the time of their residence in the germinal crescent. Because of the non-localized emergence of PGCs, attempts to introduce foreign DNA into clonal precursors of germ cells through liposome-mediated transfection yielded unacceptable levels of efficiency. However, through our investigation of germ cell origins, an in vitro model of germ cell differentiation was developed that could offer a means of determining the factors required for the long term culture of avian PGCs thereby providing a convenient means of manipulating the avian genome.

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Chamovitz, A. Daniel, and Georg Jander. Genetic and biochemical analysis of glucosinolate breakdown: The effects of indole-3-carbinol on plant physiology and development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597917.bard.

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Genetic and biochemical analysis of glucosinolate breakdown: The effects of indole-3-carbinol on plant physiology and development Glucosinolates are a class of defense-related secondary metabolites found in all crucifers, including important oilseed and vegetable crops in the Brassica genus and the well-studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Upon tissue damage, such as that provided by insect feeding, glucosinolates are subjected to catalysis and spontaneous degradation to form a variety of breakdown products. These breakdown products typically have a deterrent effect on generalist herbivores. Glucosinolate breakdown products also contribute to the anti-carcinogenic effects of eating cabbage, broccoli and related cruciferous vegetables. Indole-3-carbinol, a breakdown product of indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, forms conjugates with several other plant metabolites. Although some indole-3-carbinol conjugates have known functions in defense against herbivores and pathogens, most play as yet unidentified roles in plant metabolism, and possibly also plant development. At the outset, our proposal had three main hypotheses: (1) There is a specific detoxification pathway for indole-3-carbinol; (2) Metabolites derived from indole-3-carbinol are phloem-mobile and serve as signaling molecules; and (3) Indole-3-carbinol affects plant cell cycle and cell-differentiation pathways. The experiments were designed to enable us to elucidate how indole-3-carbinol and related metabolites affect plants and their interactions with herbivorous insects. We discovered that indole-3- carbinol rapidly and reversibly inhibits root elongation in a dose-dependent manner, and that this inhibition is accompanied by a loss of auxin activity in the root meristem. A direct interaction between indole-3-carbinol and the auxin perception machinery was suggested, as application of indole-3-carbinol rescued auxin-induced root phenotypes. In vitro and yeast-based protein interaction studies showed that indole-3-carbinol perturbs the auxin-dependent interaction of TIR1 with Aux/IAA proteins, supporting the notion that indole-3-carbinol acts as an auxin antagonist. Furthermore, transcript profiling experiments revealed the influence of indole-3-carbinol on auxin signaling in root tips, and indole-3-carbinol also affected auxin transporters. Brief treatment with indole-3-carbinol led to a reduction in the amount of PIN1 and to mislocalization of PIN2. The results indicate that chemicals induced by herbivory, such as indole-3-carbinol, function not only to repel herbivores, but also as signaling molecules that directly compete with auxin to fine tune plant growth and development, which implies transport of indole-3- carbinol that we are as yet unsuccessful in detecting. Our results indicate that plant defensive metabolites also have secondary functions in regulating aspects of plant metabolism, thereby providing diversity in defense-related plant signaling pathways. Such diversity of of signaling by defensive metabolites would be beneficial for the plant, as herbivores and pathogens would be less likely to mount effective countermeasures. We propose that growth arrest can be mediated directly by the herbivory-induced chemicals, in our case, indole-3-carbinol. Thus, glucosinolate breakdown to I3C following herbivory would have two outcomes: (1) Indole-3-carbinaol would inhibit the herbivore, while (2) at the same time inducing growth arrest within the plant. Thus, our results indicate that I3C is a defensive phytohormone that modulates auxin signaling, leading to growth arrest.

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Wolfenson, David, William W. Thatcher, and James E. Kinder. Regulation of LH Secretion in the Periovulatory Period as a Strategy to Enhance Ovarian Function and Fertility in Dairy and Beef Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586458.bard.

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The general research objective was to increase herd pregnancy rates by enhancing corpus luteum (CL) function and optimizing follicle development, in order to increase conception rate and embryo survival. The specific objectives were: to determine the effect of the duration of the preovulatory LH surge on CL function; to determine the function of LH during the postovulatory period on CL development; to optimize CL differentiation and follicle development by means of a biodegradable GnRH implant; to test whether optimization of CL development and follicle dynamics in timed- insemination protocols would improve fertility in high-yielding dairy cows. Low fertility in cattle results in losses of hundreds of millions of dollars in the USA and Israel. Two major causes of low fertility are formation of a functionally impaired CL, and subsequent enhanced ovarian follicle development. A functionally impaired CL may result from suboptimal LH secretion. The two major causes of low fertility in dairy cattle in US and Israel are negative energy status and summer heat stress; in both situations, low fertility is associated with reductions in LH secretion and impaired development of the ovulatory follicle and of the CL. In Florida, the use of 450-mg deslorelin (GnRH analogue) implants to induce ovulation, under the Ovsynch protocol resulted in a higher pregnancy rates than use of 750-mg implants, and pregnancy losses tended to decrease compared to controls, due probably to decrease in follicular development and estradiol secretion at the time of conceptus signaling to maintain the CL. An alternative strategy to enhance progesterone concentrations involved induction of an accessory CL by injection of hCG on day 5 after the cows were inseminated. Treatment with hCG resulted in 86% of the cows having two CLs, compared with 23% of the control cows. Conception rates were higher among the hCG-treated cows than among the controls. Another approach was to replace the second injection of GnRH analogue, in a timed-insemination protocol, with estradiol cypionate (ECP) injected 24 h after the injection of PGF₂ₐ Pregnancy rates were comparable with those obtained under the regular Ovsynch (timed- AI) program. Use of ECP induced estrus, and cows inseminated at detected estrus are indeed more fertile than those not in estrus at the time of insemination. Collectively, the BARD-supported programs at the University of Florida have improved timed insemination programs. In Ohio, the importance of the frequency of LH episodes during the early stages of the estrous cycle of cattle, when the corpus luteum is developing, was studied in an in vivo experiment in which cows were subjected to various episodic exposures to exogenous bovine LH. Results indicate that the frequent LH episodes immediately following the time of ovulation are important in development of the corpus luteum, from the points of view of both size and functionality. In another study, rates of cell proliferation and numbers of endothelial cells were examined in vitro in CLs collected from cows that received post-ovulation pulsatile LH treatment at various frequencies. The results indicate that the corpora lutea growth that results from luteal cell proliferation is enhanced by the episodes of LH release that occur immediately after the time of ovulation in cattle. The results also show that luteal endothelial cell numbers did not differ among cows treated with different LH doses. In Israel. a longer duration of the preovulatory LH surge stimulated the steroidogenic capacity of granulosa-derived luteal cells, and might, thereby, contribute to a higher progesterone output from the bovine corpus luteum. In an in vivo study, a subgroup of high-yielding dairy cows with extended estrus to ovulation interval was identified. Associated with this extended interval were: low plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations and a low preovulatory LH surge prior to ovulation, as well as low post- ovulation progesterone concentration. In experiments based on the above results, we found that injection of GnRH at the onset of estrus increased the LHpeak, prevented late ovulation, decreased the variability between cows and elicited high and uniform progesterone levels after ovulation. GnRH at estrus onset increased conception rates, especially in the summer, and among primiparous cows and those with low body condition. Another study compared ovarian functions in multiparous lactating cows with those in nulliparous non-lactating heifers. The results revealed differences in ovarian follicular dynamics, and in plasma concentrations of steroids and gonadotropins that may account for the differences in fertility between heifers and cows.

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