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Статті в журналах з теми "Dhaka (Bangladesh) Economic conditions"
1
Z, Jabbar. "Pattern of Eye Diseases in Dhaka City District Level and Village Areas in Bangladesh." Open Access Journal of Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajo-16000210.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Ocular morbid conditions are responsible for partial or total blindness. Ocular morbidities by its sheer magnitude form an enormous problem, not only in human suffering, but also in terms of economic loss and social burden. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of eye Diseases. Methods: This was a cross sectional study. This study was done in Dhaka city, different districts of Dhaka Division and different Upazilla of Dhaka district. From these three sites 3124 patients were randomly selected. All the members of a family were cross-examined and then diseased individuals were isolated for detail history taking and clinical assessment. Results: The results revealed that 3124 study subjects were had ocular morbidity. Common ocular morbidity was 1153 had Refractive error (36.9%), 105 had Cataract, 15(0.5) had Glaucoma, 63(2.0) had Chronic Dacryocystitis, 14(0.4) had Pterygium, 6(0.2) had Diabetic Retinopathy, 56(0.2) had Retinitis pigmentosa and 1763 (56.4) others. Males were more affected as compared to females. It was observed that as the age increases the prevalence of ocular morbidity increases. Conclusion: The leading cause of eye diseases in this study was Refractive error, Cataract, Glaucoma, Chronic Dacryocystitis, Pterygium, Diabetic Retinopathy, Retinitis pigmentosa and others etc.
2
Reza, Md Hasan, and Nicole F. Bromfield. "Poverty, Vulnerability and Everyday Resilience: How Bangladeshi Street Children Manage Economic Challenges through Financial Transactions on the Streets." British Journal of Social Work 49, no. 5 (June 25, 2018): 1105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcy047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In Bangladesh, an estimated one to three million street children face poverty, violence and social stigma daily. This qualitative study of seventy-five child participants from three sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh, explores how street children in Bangladesh engage in financial transactions in their social networks to build resiliency and sustain contextual well-being under conditions of extreme adversity. For these street children, contextual well-being refers to the context of living and surviving on the street (i.e. access to food, shelter, safety, sense of belonging). Our findings indicate that both significant vulnerabilities and adaptive responses in street children’s lives are common across participants. Daily life for these children consists of attaining money and then spending it quickly as a means of survival. Significant vulnerabilities for these children are the need to engage in daily income generation along with income uncertainty; an adaptive response among the participants is the engagement in financial transactions within their peer networks. Findings also show that street children are deeply embedded in these social networks, which work to sustain their well-being. We argue that interventions for Bangladeshi street children should be peer-based, grounded in a strengths perspective, and promote resilience.
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Islam, Sirajul, Mahmuda Jahan Papia, and Sabrina Yesmin. "The Rural-Urban Migration and its Socio-Economic Consequences: A Study on the Rayerbazar Area of Dhaka City." International Journal of Publication and Social Studies 7, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5050.v7i1.4452.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Movement from villages to cities is a crucial issue for Bangladesh. It influences both urban and rural socio-economic conditions. This paper basically focuses the influences of movement from different rural areas to Rayerbazar area in Dhaka. The questionnaire survey is used to find out the required results. Researchers divide the reasons of rural-urban (RU) migration into four categories as; economic, social, political and personal. This paper shows economic impact and social impact of rural-urban migration. Structural Equation Model (SEM) shows that RU migration due to social, and economic reasons has positive economic impact but RU migration due to political and personal reasons has negative economic impact. RU migration for social and economic reasons have negative social impact but political and personal reasons have positive social impact. Internal movement is one of the biggest problems for Dhaka city which could be reduced by ensuring sufficient income generating opportunities in villages.
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Hossain, Sheikh Abir, and Md Ashraful Alam. "Socio-Economic Status of the Street Children in Bangladesh." International Journal of Social Work 3, no. 1 (January 8, 2016): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v3i1.8668.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Basically, the children who are in situations of poverty, illiteracy, disease and social injustice have been focused on this study and have been prioritized those children who<em> </em>sleep on streets, railway terminals and platforms, bus stations, parks and open spaces, religious centers, construction sites and around graveyard and in other public places with no roof in scale. A survey has been conducted on a sample of 101 children from two purposively selected areas of Dhaka city to gather information on their Socio-economic status by using quantitative method. Findings reveal that the street dwellers had to adopt a very precarious and humiliating life on the streets devoid of all basic amenities of life, under constant threat of eviction and harassment by the bad people and hoodlums. They work hard to meet their demands but due to their involvement in low paying informal sector, their demands are hardly filled out. They cannot improve their conditions at all even after five or more years of street-living. According to them, housing, food, and lack of jobs are the three most common problems for which they are to seek assistance and to live in the street for unknown period.</p>
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Rifat, M. A., Asit Biswas, Hazera Binte Sufian, Faria Azad, and MD Khurshidul Zahid. "Socio-Economic Status, Hygiene Practices and Microbial Exposure of the Waste Collectors of Dhaka City in Bangladesh." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 12 (November 15, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n12p96.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Waste is a discarded part generated from primary use of a material. In most cases, waste is very much unwanted and unusable but may be usable and beneficial for our economy and environment. Waste collectors are playing vital roles for the management of wastes though they are deprived of their basic needs. They are involved directly or indirectly to our economy and environmental development. However, whether waste collection activity has any effect on the socioeconomic status, hygiene practices, and microbial exposure of waste collectors remain unknown. Here we investigated socio-economic status, hygiene practices and microbial exposure of the waste collectors of Dhaka city in Bangladesh.
This study included two types of waste collectors in Dhaka city. One is the household waste collectors (HWCs) who belong to the formal waste management system of the city corporation and the other is the street waste collectors (SWCs) who belong to the informal waste management system that is executed mainly by the vulnerable groups of people locally called "Tokai". The total sample size was 150 (75 HWCs and 75 SWCs) who were randomly selected from 15 different sites (clusters) of the city. The research findings showed that 20% waste collectors were children and 76.67% were illiterate. The majority (72.7%) earned less than 150 BDT/day but the lion’s share was spent on food. The coverage of sanitary toilet facility was 42.0% whereas 70.7% SWCs had no toilet facility. The majority (82.7%) used to drink untreated water and 41.3% had disease episode in previous 30 days of data collection time. Only 28.0% waste collectors had bathing facility at home. Noticeably, no waste collector was wearing mask, gloves and apron while handling the waste. Analysis found that the status of HWCs was better than that of SWCs. Association among the variables showed that significant relationship existed between income level and percentage of expenditure on foods, types of drinking water and disease episode in previous 30 days, types of toilet used and hand washing practices. Microbiological analysis showed that the waste collectors were more exposed to the microbial hazards than the normal people.
HWCs and SWCs included in this study belong to vulnerable groups of Bangladesh. They are playing vital roles for cleaning and developing environmental conditions and living standards of Dhaka city though their contributions were mostly unrecognized. The present results suggested that socio-economic status, hygiene practices and microbial exposure of waste collectors of Dhaka city in Bangladesh are in poor and critical conditions. To address the present needs, proper measures should be taken by the coordinated activities (short and long-term) of both govt. and non-govt. organizations.
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Al Sayem Khan, Muhammed Abdullah, and Mohd Hamdan Ahmad. "EFFECT OF INDOOR CONDITION OF BANGLADESH FACTORY TO WORKERS HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR." Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 7, no. 27 (March 8, 2022): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.727032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The economic growth of Bangladesh depends very much on the garments industries. In Bangladesh, the garments industries contribute directly to the economic growth at about 6 percent of national economic growth rate. A huge number of factories are developed and scattered around Bangladesh. Most of the factories are clustered around the capital city Dhaka and invite thousands of rural inhabitants in search of a job in the city and hoping to lead better life. Today, Bangladesh already confirmed her position as a world-leading clothing exporter. The total workers in these garment industries are around 3.6 million out of 150 million total population. These factories manufacture different types of readymade garments products and export those products to many different countries around the world. However, a good number of factories are not well designed in term of their indoor conditions and which have direct influence in terms of workers' health and wellbeing. The poor indoor conditions may directly affect the employees’ health where they can suffer from various illnesses over prolong durations. This study is aimed at finding out the indoor conditions that has the direct influence towards health and wellbeing of workers at the selected garment factories. For the purpose of this study,14 factories at 6 different locations were selected. A field study was held to assess workers' health and wellbeing while working at the selected garment factories in Bangladesh. During the field study, the questionnaire survey was conducted among the random sample of 405 workers. The workers answered and provided the information about their factory current indoor conditions. From the questionnaire, it is found working environment caused certain illnesses and affected the workers' behavior while they are working at factories. The findings of this research will help introduce measure and guideline to the factory owners so that they can take significant steps to upgrade their management system to improve and provide good indoor conditions for their workers and in term of business wise increase the production margin.
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Khan, Nashid Tabassum, Asma Begum, Tayyaba Musarrat Jaha Chowdhury, Bishwajit Kumar Das, Farhana Shahid, Saizuddin Kabir, and Meherunnessa Begum. "Violence against Women in Bangladesh." Delta Medical College Journal 5, no. 1 (February 4, 2017): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v5i1.31432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Violence against women has many forms including physical aggression or threats, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, controlling or domineering, intimidation, stalking, passive/covert abuse, and economic deprivations. Alcohol consumption and mental illness can be co-morbid with abuse and present additional challenges when present alongside patterns of abuse.Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the status of victims of Violence against Women along with the causes and consequences of this heinous crime.Materials and method: A retrospective cross sectional study was done in Dhaka Medical College on the victims who underwent treatment at One Stop Crisis Centre (OCC) and burn unit. The victims were interviewed and the data received were later on analyzed by computer and organized in tables. Total cases of Violence against Women were 1143 during the study period. Due permission was taken from the authority.Results: Among the victims about 63% belonged to 16 to 30 years of age group. Most of the victims (56%) were from low socioeconomic conditions, 60% of them were housewife and most of the victims (71%) were married. Dowry cases and familial conflict (33% and 32% respectively) were the main background behind Violence against Women.Conclusion: At community level, improvement of economic status of women as well as women empowerment is essential. Mass awareness about Violence against Women through mass media is needed to be diffused.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2017 5(1): 25-29
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Karim, Md Rezaul, B. M. Sadman Sakib, Sk Sadman Sakib, and Monzur Alam Imteaz. "Rainwater Harvesting Potentials in Commercial Buildings in Dhaka: Reliability and Economic Analysis." Hydrology 8, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8010009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite numerous studies on residential rainwater tank, studies on commercial rainwater tank are scarce. Corporate authorities pay little heed on this sustainable feature. With the aim of encouraging corporate authorities, this study presents the feasibility and economic benefits of rainwater harvesting (RWH) in commercial buildings in the capital city of Bangladesh, where water authority struggles to maintain town water supply. The analysis was conducted using a daily water balance model under three climate scenarios (wet, dry and normal year) for five commercial buildings having catchment areas varying from 315 to 776 m2 and the storage tank capacity varying from 100 to 600 m3. It was found that for a water demand of 30 L per capita per day (lpcd), about 11% to 19% and 16% to 26.80% of the annual water demand can be supplemented by rainwater harvesting under the normal year and wet year climate conditions, respectively. The payback periods are found to be very short, only 2.25 to 3.75 years and benefit–cost (B/C) ratios are more than 1.0, even for building having the smallest catchment area (i.e., 315 m2) and no significant overflow would occur during monsoon, which leads to both economic and environmental benefits. Though the findings cannot be translated to other cities as those are dependent on factors like water price, interest rate, rainfall amount and pattern, however other cities having significant rainfall amounts should conduct similar studies to expedite implementations of widescale rainwater harvesting.
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Rozy, Shamima Akter, and Sourav Kumar Ghosh. "Application of Anthony Giddens and Ulrich Beck’s Theories Based on Sociological Study on Women’s Demographic Change in Dhaka City." International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research 7, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ijospervol7iss2pp311-323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Globalization and reflexive modernization are the main reasons for the development of the current social system. The discussion on women's demographic change in Bangladesh is not new rather than this must be voiced issue. Women are playing a significant role in various sectors in the country. Women are making themselves strongly changing socio-economic conditions, not only by indulging in household chores but also involving themselves in different sectors like RMG, banking, IT, teaching, and so on. By discussing some of the theories of Anthony Giddens and Ulrich Beck, presenting the current social context of the women of Bangladesh which has shown how they are self-conscious and self-reliant. These theoretical standpoints have been used to identify causes, consequences, and adaptation mechanisms to deal with the modern social system. This study highlights how relationship patterns and labor markets are changing due to globalization. It also analyzes the responsible elements and symptoms of the individualization of women in Bangladesh. The recent conflicting interests, love, and sexual life are investigated in this paper.
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Bhuiyan, Md Aminul Islam, Zannatun Nahar Jhinu, Jaliluzzaman, and Mandira Mukutmoni. "Personal hygiene practices and socio-economic conditions as influential factors for intestinal parasitic infection in Dhaka city dwellers." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 47, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v47i1.42028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A total of 200 stool samples were examined and five species of intestinal parasites were identified. Two of them were protozoans (Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis) and the rest of which three species were nematode parasites (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloids stercoralis). The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 50%. Individually the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloids stercoralis was 25%, 13%, 6%, 3.5% and 2.5%, respectively. Patients of different age and sex had a variable degree of infection. Children aged under ten years showed the highest prevalence (73.97%) compared to other groups. Accordingly, male patients were found slightly more susceptible to the infection (50.38%) compared to the female (49.29%). People belonging to different occupation and educational qualification had various degree of infection. As expected patients who had no education and poor monthly income, showed the highest prevalence of infection, 77.77% and 90%, respectively. Personal hygiene practices of the patients had much influence on the parasitic prevalence and rate of infection. Respectively 58.82%, 91.42%, 80% and 63.55% prevalence were found among the patients who used to drink unsafe water, wash hands without soap, stay barefooted most of the time and do not trim their nails regularly. The present study supposed to reveal that socioeconomic conditions and behavioral factors may influence the prevalence of parasitic infections.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 129-136, 2019
Дисертації з теми "Dhaka (Bangladesh) Economic conditions"
1
Afsar, Rita. "Causes, consequences and challenges of rural-urban migration in Bangladesh." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha258.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 331-404) Attempts to contribute toward greater understanding of the urbanization process in Bangladesh. Focuses particularly on the rural-urban migration process, explaining the causes of mobility and stability and the consequences flowing from that movement for the wellbeing of migrants and their families.
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Hossain, Md Shahadat School of Sociology & Anthropology UNSW. "Urban poverty and adaptations of the poor to urban life in Dhaka City, Bangladesh." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology and Anthropology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25762.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores urban poverty and the adaptations of the urban poor in the slums of the megacity of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It seeks to make a contribution to understanding and analysis of the phenomenon of rapid mass urbanisation in the Third World and its social consequences, the formation of huge urban slums and new forms of urban poverty. Its focus is the analysis of poverty which has been overwhelmingly dominated by economic approaches to the neglect of the social questions arising from poverty. This thesis approaches these social questions through an ???urban livelihood framework???, arguing that this provides a more comprehensive framework to conceptualise poverty through its inclusion of both material and non-material dimensions. The study is based on primary data collected from slums in Dhaka City. Five hundred poor households were surveyed using a structured questionnaire to investigate the economic activities, expenditure and consumption, access to housing and land, family and social networking and cultural and political integration. The survey data was supplemented by qualitative data collected through fifteen in-depth interviews with poor households. The thesis found that poverty in the slums of Dhaka City was most strongly influenced by recent migration from rural areas, household organisation, participation in the ???informal??? sector of the economy and access to housing and land. Almost half of the poor households in the study locations were identified as ???hardcore poor???, that is having insufficient income for their physical needs. The remainder were found to be ???absolute poor???, those who experienced poverty and vulnerability but varied in their levels of income and consumption. This level of poverty was also characterised by their social, cultural and political marginalisation. In summary, the urban poor remain very much dependent on their household and social networking, the main social capital they use to adapt to life in Dhaka City. Overall, the urban poor in this study experience the highest level of poverty and vulnerability in their everyday life. The thesis argues that the experience of poverty in the megacity of Dhaka for these households follows the pattern of urbanisation without development, the very opposite to their expectations and aspirations.
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Selim, Gul Rukh. "Peasant political practice in Bangladesh : an analysis of changing relations of appropriation." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63256.
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Mathbor, Golam Mohammed. "Dynamics and prospects of non-farm employment in the coastal regions of Bangladesh." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22711.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The coast of Bangladesh, comprising the complex delta of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna river system has immense resources for development. In the concept of present development efforts, this zone is among the most neglected in Bangladesh. It is very often affected by natural calamities and the situation is further aggravated by some man-made hazards, which cause heavy casualties in human lives, cattle, in reducing the size of the coastal areas and in severe damage of properties worth billions of dollars. This thesis envisages looking into the particular issue of non-farm employment. This is more important in an economy in which the land-person ratio is continuously on the decrease and dissemination of intensive crop culture has limitations. This study is exploratory in nature and uses both quantitative and qualitative methods, employing survey interviews for 80 households, 20 key informant interviews and a case study on an organization in order to assess the dynamics and prospects of non-farm employment in the coastal regions of Bangladesh. Findings of the study indicate that practically all of the non-farm field of the entire coastal belt is not yet a government priority. As such, there is need for some persuasive work in formulating some policies to develop sustainable harvests from the abundant maritime resources of the area. This will create provision for non-farm employment as well as producing a vast quantity of exportable commodities for the national well-being. It is expected that it will benefit the people of the area in particular and the entire country in general.
5
Jaim, Jasmine. "The influence of gender upon women business-owners' access to debt finance in Bangladesh, a patriarchal developing nation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35932/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is growing attention to analyse the influence of gender upon women’s entrepreneurship. Nonetheless, the body of literature almost entirely concentrates on developed nations, specifically on the USA and Europe. The research context for the thesis is Bangladesh, a South Asian developing nation, where there was a government initiative to support small businesses of women through bank loans. Recognising that entrepreneurship is a social phenomenon, it is important to explore how gender subordination is articulated in the experiences of women business-owners in developing countries. Placing women at the centre of the study, this feminist standpoint research undertook interviews with 21 Bangladeshi women business-owners. Considering finance as a major area of entrepreneurship, this thesis analyses the influence of gender upon women business-owners’ access to debt finance in the context of a patriarchal developing nation. To address this aim, the study investigates the family as well as the broader societal context. The thesis contributes to advance the understanding of gender subordination of women business-owners within the context of debt financing from developed nations to developing nations. The extant literature on debt finance of developed nations focuses almost solely on discrimination-related issues. It is individual woman business-owner centric, ignoring the family or the broader societal context. Nevertheless, the empirical evidence of this study suggests that male family members were inevitably involved in the process. Further, in developed nations, the exploration of patriarchal practices is primarily limited to the adverse effect of societal expectation of work (i.e., domestic responsibilities and childcare) on the businesses of women. This study extends the view by demonstrating that the dominating, oppressing and exploiting roles of male family members were evident at the individual level with a direct influence on the business activities. The husbands of many women were even found to share the bank loans entirely or partially. This has implications for the effectiveness of the government policy, aiming at the emancipation of the women. Moreover, the study significantly adds to the prevailing knowledge by identifying certain context specific family related issues (for instance, child marriage) or the structural, cultural issues of the broader society (such as, corruption) in relation to gender subordination of women business-owners. While explaining gender subordination of women business-owners, the contribution of the thesis is not limited to its understanding in a developing nation. Given the highly patriarchal nature of the context, the study provides opportunity to extend the comprehension of some of the issues of gender subordination (for instance, the respectable position of women) that are existing in developed nations in a more subtle form. Thus, it provides a platform for future research in the field of entrepreneurship, gender and finance in developing nations as well as in developed nations.
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Khondker, Bazlul Haque. "Analysis of tariff and tax policies in Bangladesh : a computable general equilibrium approach." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36239/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The prime objectives of the study are to analyse the effects of tax and tariff policies in Bangladesh. Toward this end, different variants of computable general equilibrium models are developed and used to assess the distributional consequence of tax reform and to examine the resource allocation and income distribution effects of tariff liberalisation within the paradigm of both 'traditional' and 'new' trade theories. A computable general equilibrium model of the Bangladesh economy is developed to assess the distributional consequences of the indirect tax reform which involves the introduction of a value added tax system. The model captures specific features of a consumption-type and destination principle-based value added tax system which has been adopted in Bangladesh. An alternative model of the Bangladesh economy is also developed to analyse the effects of tariff liberalisation on resource allocation and income distribution under both competitive and non-competitive assumptions. The model explicitly incorporates 'market structure' variables such as marginal costs, the number of domestic firms, the excess profit condition, the market demand elasticities for domestic firms and increasing returns to scale. The models are static in nature and are calibrated to a 1988/89 data set compiled within the framework of a social accounting matrix (SAM). The social accounting matrix integrates different data sources and the input-output table to depict the major macroeconomic relations and provides a consistent macroeconomic data set for policy modelling. Such a framework is particularly useful for a country such as Bangladesh with sparse and conflicting data sources. The SAM is an attractive framework for locating inconsistencies and for resolving them in best the possible ways. The incidence effects of the indirect tax system under pre-VAT and VAT systems are based on two approaches: a simple approach and a computable general equilibrium approach. Two sets of policy experiments are carried out. First, excise duties of domestic production activities and sales taxes on imports are replaced by a revenue-neutral single rate of value-added tax. In the second experiment, the VAT system is extended to the service sector with a revenue-neutral VAT rate. The results of policy experiments indicate that because of exemptions on subsistence agricultural products, and because of the progressive structure of the tariffs, the overall indirect tax system would remain progressive even after the introduction of a single rate VAT. However, the overall indirect tax incidence appears to be less progressive under the VAT system compared with the pre-VAT system. The effects of tariff liberalisation on resource allocation and income distribution are also examined in this study. It is observed that the results of tariff liberalisation are sensitive to the way the model is specified. It is also observed that in the competitive and constant returns to scale model variant, resources move from the heavily protected sector to the less protected sectors as a result of tariff liberalisation. In contrast, the heavily protected manufacturing sectors turn out to be the main beneficiary of liberalisation when imperfect competition is introduced. Expansion of manufacturing output appears to come from the pro-competitive effects of tariff liberalisation. On the other hand, almost all the manufacturing sectors show much larger output growth with the incorporation of increasing returns to scale. The larger expansion of output of manufacturing sectors is due to a reduction in unrealised scale economies. The income distribution effects of tariff liberalisation are captured through the changes in income levels of the six household groups and changes in factor income and factor returns. The redistribution of income under liberalisation appears to favour the low income household groups. However, it appears that the relative progressivity and regressivity in the distribution of household income depend on the relative changes of capital and labour income. The association between market structure variables and profitability in the manufacturing sector of Bangladesh is also analysed in this study. This exercise provides some evidence on the association between industrial structure and profitability and assesses the importance of foreign and domestic factors on industry profitability. Two alternative measures of concentration namely concentration ratio and Hirschman-Herfindahl index and two foreign competition variables such as import shares and effective tariff rates are used to examine this association. The results of this exercise indicate that profitability is significantly related to concentration levels in the manufacturing sector of Bangladesh. It also reports that foreign competition variables play a significant role in affecting profitability in domestic industries. It is observed that the profitability is higher in those industries where concentration levels are high and import shares are low and effective tariff rates are high.
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Halim, Sadeka. "Invisible again : women and social forestry in Bangladesh." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ64569.pdf.
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Ngan, Ching-ching Dora, and 顔菁菁. "Alleviating poverty of rural landless women: paths taken by Bangladesh and the Philippines." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195229X.
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Akpan, Iniobong Wilson. "The Grameen Bank model of microcredit and its relevance for South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002714.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Among the reasons for financial exclusion is the fact that the poor, being largely illiterate and unemployed, are traditionally perceived as ‘bad credit risks’. This is the dominant perception of the poor in the formal credit markets – a perception that also exists in the microcredit sector. In other words, while information asymmetry is a recognized problem in lender-borrower relationships, lenders consider the problem particularly severe when they contemplate doing business with the poor. A contrasting paradigm, such as the one adopted by Grameen Bank of Bangladesh, views the poor as possessing economic potentials that have not been tapped – that is, as ‘good credit risks’. Grameen Bank’s microcredit features appear to have successfully mitigated the problems of information asymmetry and, to a large extent, made it possible for the poor to access microenterprise credit. Using the Grameen Bank model as a benchmark, this study examined the lending features of private sector microlenders in South Africa and those of KhulaStart (credit) scheme. The aim was to identify how the lending features affect microenterprise credit access. Primary data were obtained through interviews, while relevant secondary data were also used in the study. A key finding of the study was that while the Khulastart scheme was, like Grameencredit, targeted at the poor, the method of its delivery appeared diluted or unduly influenced by the conventional (private sector) paradigm that pre-classifies people as ‘good’ or ‘bad’ credit risks. As a result, the scheme was not robust enough to support microenterprise credit access. This has consequences for job-creation and poverty reduction. Based on the findings, the study maintains that a realistic broadening of microenterprise credit access will not occur unless there is a fundamental paradigm shift in microcredit practices, and unless measures designed to mitigate information asymmetries are sensitive to the historical, economic and sociocultural realities of the South African poor.
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Tighe, Eleanor G. "Stakeholder capitalism and workers' rights in the Bangladesh garment industry." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/377151/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis provides an original contribution to understanding of stakeholder capitalism and applications of stakeholder capitalism to labour governance in globalised clothing production networks. Specifically, this thesis draws on primary qualitative and ethnographic field-data collected in Dhaka, Bangladesh to provide new insight to the challenge of poor working conditions and workers’ rights in the global garment industry. The research presented here questions the potential of retail-led stakeholder capitalism to contribute positive development outcomes to the lives of workers employed in cut and stitch garment manufacture. Adopting the Global Production Network’s (GPN) framework, the thesis argues that the ability of stakeholder capitalism to engage and advance the voice of workers in clothing and retail GPNs is influenced by the nature of the relationship and strategic coupling between transnational retailers and their localised factory suppliers. It argues that civil society demands for labour standards have generated a compliance-based response to stakeholder capitalism whereby expectations and acceptance of labour standards are negotiated between retailers and their suppliers. While these negotiations appear discursive, the voices of workers in these negotiations appear largely absent. Thus, it makes an original contribution to understanding relational processes in clothing production systems, moving away from top-down, buyer-driven linear approaches,to conceive power relations in retail production networks as dynamic, subjective and negotiated. This thesis argues that how these power relationships are negotiated and the impacts and interactions of these relations needs to be understood and accounted for if stakeholder capitalism is going to have a serious impact on improving the lives of workers in globalised production systems.
Книги з теми "Dhaka (Bangladesh) Economic conditions"
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Bangladesh, Japan Economic Forum (1st 1991 Dhaka Bangladesh). Bangladesh Japan Economic Forum, September 02, 1991, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Dhaka]: Bangladesh Japan Society, 1991.
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Non-Resident Bangladeshi Conference (1st 2007 Dhaka, Bangladesh). First Non-Resident Bangladeshi Conference, 2007: December 27, 28 & 29, Hotel Sheraton, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dhaka: Scholars Bangladesh, 2007.
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Kalam, Abul, and University of Dhaka, eds. Bangladesh in the new millennium: A University of Dhaka study. Dhaka: University Press, 2004.
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Poverty and vulnerability in Dhaka slums: The urban livelihoods study. Great Britain: Ashgate Pub Co, 2003.
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Ainun, Nishat, Waliuzzaman Mir, Tabassum Shehrina, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources., and Earth Council, eds. Proceedings of the National Forum on Multi-stakeholder Sustainability Planning in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dhaka: IUCN-Bangladesh, 2000.
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Bangladesh, country assistance strategy 2006-2009. Dhaka: World Bank Office Dhaka, 2005.
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Urbanization in Bangladesh, and the growth of Dhaka: Land use, poverty, and governance : four lectures. Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi & Co., 1999.
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Bangladesh Social and Economic Forum. Workshop. Key messages arising from deliberations of Bangladesh Social and Economic Forum 2001, Dhaka, 3-5 May 2001. Dhaka: Bangladesh Social and Economic Forum, 2001.
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Dacca: A study in urban history and development. London: Curzon Press, 1986.
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Secretariat, Commonwealth, and Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific., eds. Governance, partnership, and poverty: Report of The Commonwealth Secretariat-CIRDAP Workshop on Governance, Partnership, and Poverty, 14-17 December 2002, CIRDAP, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dhaka: Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific, 2003.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Dhaka (Bangladesh) Economic conditions"
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Huq, Md Enamul, Zhenfeng Shao, Ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi, Md Nazirul Islam Sarker, Cai Bowen, Abdullah Al Mamun, Nayyer Saleem, Akib Javed, and Md Mahabubur Rahman. "Measuring Vulnerability to Flash Flood of Urban Dwellers." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 317–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_12.
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AbstractFlash floods are unexpected, localized flood events that occur when an exceptional amount of rain falls happens over a short period of time. In South Asia, it is mostly disastrous, for example, in 2017 flash floods killed approximately 1200 people from India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. However, it is also common in Dhaka megacity, Bangladesh due to its geographic location, monsoon climatic condition and surrounding rivers. Though it is impossible to avoid them, the losses and damages of hazards can be reduced effectively by using appropriate techniques. This study aims to determine the responsible factors and measure the household vulnerability to flash flood as a tool of mitigation. The study has been conducted based on primary data. Therefore, data were collected from both slum and non-slum population to cover the entire urban habitats. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire based on five factors (social, economic, institutional, structural, and environmental) of vulnerability to flash flood. The key feature of this paper is to provide an insight into real picture of vulnerability to flash flood for urban habitants. Moreover, this practical approach is useful to quantify hazard-induced vulnerabilities not only for Dhaka megacity but also for other cities of the globe.
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Hasan, Abu Hena Reza. "Internal Migration and Employment in Bangladesh: An Economic Evaluation of Rickshaw Pulling in Dhaka City." In Internal Migration, Urbanization and Poverty in Asia: Dynamics and Interrelationships, 339–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1537-4_12.
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Grime, Paul. "Fashion victims." In Why I Became an Occupational Physician and Other Occupational Health Stories, 134–35. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198862543.003.0110.
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In Fashion victims Paul Grime briefly explores the work conditions for those in the garment manufacturing industry, remembering the fatal collapse of a garment factory at the Rana Plaza complex in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2013 due to unsafe conditions.
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Grime, Paul. "Fashion victims campaign: responses from clothing retailers." In Why I Became an Occupational Physician and Other Occupational Health Stories, 172–73. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198862543.003.0139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Fashion victims campaign: responses from clothing retailers Paul Grime briefly explores the responses he received from seven clothes retailers, after questioning them on their workplace conditions for garment workers. (A follow-up article to Grime’s previous piece on the 2013 collapse of a garment factory in Dhaka, Bangladesh.)
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Mahbubur Rahman, Mohammad, and Mohammad Harun-Or-Rashid. "Analysis of Social Vulnerability to Earthquake Hazards in Dhaka South City, Bangladesh Using a Modified PAR Model." In Natural Hazards - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108714.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study aims at investigating the root causes, dynamic pressures, and unsafe conditions to the progression of the vulnerability of earthquake hazards among the people residing in the 22nd ward of Hazaribagh Thana of Dhaka South City (DSC) in Bangladesh. Following a purposive sampling procedure, the study selected the 22nd Ward of Dhaka South city. As part of qualitative methods, a total of 20 Key Informants Interviews (KII) were carried out and six focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. By adopting a modified Pressure and Release (PAR) model, the study revealed that the low-income status of the family, lack of proper health services, single-headed family, gender, differently able person, and the interpersonal good relation members, the availability of urban emergency center has found root causes for the progression of the vulnerability of earthquake hazards. Lack of appropriate skills, unplanned residences, and industry contribute to the production of dynamic pressures of the vulnerability of earthquake hazards. The unsafe conditions involve poor housing materials, dangerous locations for residents, and a lack of first aid documents associated with the production of the vulnerability of earthquake hazards.
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Alam, Md Jahangir. "Who Chooses School?" In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education, 85–107. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4435-8.ch005.
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Universally, research shows that early childhood education (ECE) contributes to children's development in the very early years. Governments among developed countries subsidize an ample amount of money for children's early education development to generate and enhance human capital. Consequently, in developing countries like Bangladesh, ECE is driven by the family, where family socio-economic conditions make a significant contribution to children's transition from home to school, and to ensure their children begin school at a very early age. This qualitative case study explores parental socio-economic aspirations and the phenomena of ECE initiatives by the government for child transitions from home to schools in Bangladesh. This empirical research contributes by placing parental aspirations for child schooling and focusing on the information-gathering actions by parents in line with the social conditions that inspire parents to choose schools for their children.
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Khan, Md Shahadat Hossain, Mahbub Hasan, and K. M. Md Golam Rabbani. "Current Trends and Issues in TVET of Bangladesh." In Technical Education and Vocational Training in Developing Nations, 128–50. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1811-2.ch007.
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This chapter discussed current trends and issues in TVET of Bangladesh and challenges faced by the TVET programme in Bangladesh. The chapter drew attentions to the fact that due to tremendous development in the socio-economic status and technological changes around the world, consumers' expectations towards the products and services have been changing rapidly thereby resulting into a highly competitive globalized market. In order to compete with these demands, government and private organizations should ensure best quality products and services for their customers. Every nation throughout this global village needs to have updated means, particularly in the area of updated knowledge and skills, to survive in this globalized open market. Many developing countries particularly from Asia and Africa are facing growing pressure to compete with the changing global market. Besides, most of the least developing and underdeveloped countries of the world are located in these geographical regions (Asia and Africa) where most of the poor people with low per capita income are living. In order to improve these conditions, they put emphasis on developing their manpower as per the global requirements. Most of the developing countries, therefore, consider Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) as one of the main key agents to play the vital role for educating and training their huge unemployed population to become competitive human recourses to enter into national and global market.
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Raihan, Selim, and Sunera Saba Khan. "The Challenges of Structural Transformation, Inequality Dynamics, and Inclusive Growth in Bangladesh." In The Developer's Dilemma, 138–56. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192855299.003.0007.
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Abstract Over the past four decades, Bangladesh’s economy has experienced major structural changes. Agriculture’s share of gross domestic product has decreased, while manufacturing and service sectors have grown in importance. These structural changes have been associated with systemic problems such as lack of diversification, poor working conditions, low competitiveness, and a high level of informality, which have hampered progress towards sustainable economic development. Though manufacturing is now the most important component of Bangladesh’s export composition, this is largely due to the rapid growth of the ready-made garments sector, while other sectors have performed poorly. The manufacturing sector must concentrate on extending and diversifying its base in order to become a long-term, inclusive driver of economic growth and job creation. This chapter examines the main policy-induced and systemic challenges to the Bangladesh economy’s structural transition, with the goal of reducing inequalities and promoting inclusive development.
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Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad, and M. Rezaul Islam. "Health and Human Hazards of COVID-19 Among Poor People in Bangladesh." In Handbook of Research on Asian Perspectives of the Educational Impact of COVID-19, 33–45. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8402-6.ch004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
COVID-19 seems to have two-dimensional consequences in Bangladesh: it has a direct negative influence on health system, and healthcare access becomes very expensive; and the poor people are facing critical situation due to lockdown and joblessness, resulting in more health and human hazards. This chapter documents the pandemic-related major health and human hazards in Bangladesh by content analysis, using a socioecological lens, of available literature. The overall results showed a significant health burden and a large-scale economic conditional change among the Bangladeshi poor households. A low level of health access and health inequality intensified this health hazard to the poor people. Human hazards are mainly relating to poor economic conditions including loss of jobs, lack of access to income/savings, food insecurity, and lack of welfare support. This observation may benefit the policymakers, development partners, human rights workers, and non-government organizations of the country to make a collaborative effort for the people during and after the pandemic.
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Parvin, Mayeena, and Md Jahangir Alam. "The Shifting Paradigm of Early Childhood Education and Hurdles of Remote Learning in Bangladesh." In Handbook of Research on Adapting Remote Learning Practices for Early Childhood and Elementary School Classrooms, 598–613. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8405-7.ch034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a thinkable paradigm shift in educational settings for children enrolled in Early Childhood Education. The ECE is regarded as the foundation for children's lifetime learning. Bangladesh has challenges aiding children and families. With the swift change in learning approaches from the classroom to remote learning, many children are not learning. Due to parental socioeconomic status, they seldom assist children in remote learning. This chapter demonstrates the present situation of ECE facilities in Bangladesh and remote learning opportunities in light of the pandemic. The case study approach is utilized to examine the phenomena of supply- and demand-side interventions to comprehend the unique paradigm shift occurring in ECE settings in Bangladesh. Most schools, particularly in rural regions, are unwilling to offer remote learning facilities, considering the socio-economic conditions of locality, and many children are not fetching in remote education due to a deficiency of technical equipment.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Dhaka (Bangladesh) Economic conditions"
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Jones, V., R. Halliday, M. King, and Shafiqul Islam. "The realisation of the 6.2km long Padma Multipurpose Road and Rail Bridge in Bangladesh." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0652.
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<p>The Padma is one of the world’s mightiest rivers, being a distributary of the Ganges and the Jamuna rivers, winding its way through Bangladesh to the Bay of Bengal. It is a major division between the country’s south-west region and the capital city and economic centre of Dhaka. During the monsoon season, the Padma River becomes fast flowing and capable of causing deep scour. Crossing the Padma with a 6.2km long steel truss bridge, carrying road and rail, presents technical challenges to the client, consultants and contractors, including significant river training work and deep foundations in an alluvial flood plain, where the rock formation lies several km below the river bed, and in an area subject to considerable seismic activity leading to possible liquefaction of the soil. Other challenges include major vessel traffic and ship impact. Once these technical challenges are overcome, the construction of the bridge will bring considerable social, political and economic advantages to Bangladesh and development to the south-west region, giving greater access to the country’s second port at Mongla and to the proposed Payra Port, which is currently under construction. This paper describes some of the technical challenges faced and overcome in bringing this landmark multipurpose crossing to fruition.</p>
Звіти організацій з теми "Dhaka (Bangladesh) Economic conditions"
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Ton, Giel, Keetie Roelen, Neil Howard, and Lopita Huq. Social Protection Intervention: Evaluation Research Design. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2022.004.
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This paper describes the research design for investigating and evaluating the Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) social protection cash-plus intervention in a slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. After an introductory section, the second section elaborates on contribution analysis – the methodological approach underpinning the research design. The third section provides an overview of the intervention, and the fourth explores the overall design of the evaluation, its guiding framework, and the timeline of the intervention rollout and data collection. The fifth and sixth sections address the project’s suite of quantitative and qualitative methods, and the approach to data analysis. Using four panel surveys, bi-monthly monitoring, in-depth interviews, group discussions and direct observations, the research will zoom in on specific behaviours. First, at the individual level, we want to learn how people adopt alternative livelihoods in response to the intervention. Second, at the household level, we consider how community mobilisation and cash transfers help households to resolve intra‑household problems. Third, at the group level, we consider how groups manage collective action in response to community mobilisation. For each of these behaviour change outcomes, we want to understand the realist evaluation question, ‘Why does the intervention work, for whom, and under what conditions?’ We also want to assess whether these new behaviours change the propensity for children to be involved in the worst forms of child labour.