Готові списки джерел за темами / Defect dimensions

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Defect dimensions"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Defect dimensions"

1

Kumaresh, Sakthi. "Defect Prevention Based on 5 Dimensions of Defect Origin." International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications 3, no. 4 (July 31, 2012): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijsea.2012.3407.

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2

KUMAR, V. SUNIL, BISWANATH LAYEK, AJIT M. SRIVASTAVA, SOMA SANYAL, and VIVEK K. TIWARI. "SKYRMION FORMATION IN 1+1 DIMENSIONS WITH CHEMICAL POTENTIAL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 06 (March 10, 2006): 1199–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06029508.

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Formation of topological objects during phase transitions has been discussed extensively in literature. In all these discussions, defects and antidefects form with equal probabilities. In contrast, many physical situations, such as formation of baryons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at present energies, flux tube formation in superconductors in the presence of external magnetic field, and formation of superfluid vortices in a rotating vessel, require a mechanism which can bias (say) defects over antidefects. Such a bias can crucially affect defect–antidefect correlations, apart from its effects on defect density. In this paper we initiate an investigation for the basic mechanism of biased formation of defects. For Skyrmions in 1+1 dimensions, we show that incorporation of a chemical potential term in the effective potential leads to a domain structure where order parameter is spatially varying. We show that this leads to biased formation of Skyrmions.
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3

Li, Bao Long, Li Jun Zhou, and Jian Gao Guo. "Influence of Defects on Elastic Buckling Properties of Single-Layered Graphene Sheets." Key Engineering Materials 636 (December 2014): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.636.11.

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Molecular structural mechanics based finite element method has been applied to study the effects of two types of Stone-Wales (SW) defects and vacancy defect on elastic buckling properties of single-layered graphene sheets (SLGSs). The defect effect factors of critical buckling stresses are calculated for the defective SLGSs with different chirality and geometrical dimensions. It is proved that defect effect factors are size-dependent and chirality-dependent. The results show that the vacancy defects will always weaken the SLGSs’ stability, and two types of SW defects have different effects on zigzag and armchair SLGSs. What’s more, the positions of defects also have remarkable influence on the critical buckling stress of SLGSs.
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4

Ye, Bo, Jun Dong, Gefei Qiu, Siqi Li, Fang Zeng, Tanghua Yang, Biao Bai, and Zhangzhou He. "Eddy Current Inversion Models for Estimating Dimensions of Defects in Multilayered Structures." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/649608.

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In eddy current nondestructive evaluation, one of the principal challenges is to determine the dimensions of defects in multilayered structures from the measured signals. It is a typical inverse problem which is generally considered to be nonlinear and ill-posed. In the paper, two effective approaches have been proposed to estimate the defect dimensions. The first one is a partial least squares (PLS) regression method. The second one is a kernel partial least squares (KPLS) regression method. The experimental research is carried out. In experiments, the eddy current signals responding to magnetic field changes are detected by a giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor and preprocessed for noise elimination using a wavelet packet analysis (WPA) method. Then, the proposed two approaches are used to construct the inversion models of defect dimension estimation. Finally, the estimation results are analyzed. The performance comparison between the proposed two approaches and the artificial neural network (ANN) method is presented. The comparison results demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed two methods. Between them, the KPLS regression method gives a better prediction performance than the PLS regression method at present.
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5

Jin, Xian Yu, Nan Guo Jin, and Xiang Lin Gu. "Damage Analysis of Waterproof Layer in Composite Tunnel Lining Based on Theory of Plate with Large Deflection." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.245.

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: In order to analyze the cause of water leakage in highway tunnels, the damage property of waterproof board in composite tunnel lining with concrete matrix defects under hydraulic pressure was studied using Galerkin method for plates with large deflection. The deflection, stress and strain of waterproof boards were calculated in the conditions of rectangular and elliptic boundary due to concrete matrix defects. First strength theory was used to determine the critical load of the board and the critical depth of the defect. Investigation results showed that the maximum principal stress generates in the middle of longer side in the rectangular boundary condition and in the center in the elliptic boundary condition, the failure of the waterproof board under certain hydraulic pressure is related with the dimensions of concrete matrix defects and the dimension of the concrete matrix defect needs to be controlled in the design and construction of waterproof layer for tunnels.
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6

Zheng, Gangfeng, Bolin Wu, Ze Li, Songfeng Liu, Hao Dong, and Haotian Zhang. "Research on 3D Defect Reconstruction in Plate with Phased Array Ultrasonic Test (PAUT)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2171, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2171/1/012017.

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Abstract In order to clarify the distribution and shape information of the defects inside the workpiece, it has become a new industrial testing requirement to display the defects more intuitively in three dimensions(3D). In this paper, by introducing 3D volume rendering method, the expansion of PAUT from 2D to 3D is realized. The method is used to reconstruct specific “gu-shaped [[CHECK_DOUBLEQUOT_ENT]] (“Gu” is the Pinyin in Chinese characters, and at the same time, “Gu” is the shape of the defect in the plate discussed in the paper.) defects, and the results of reconstruction are compared with actual defects. By using ultrasonic phased array focusing to detect defect C-scan images of different depths, the collected C-scan images were preprocessed and reconstructed according to the defect contour by volume rendering. The results show that the defect morphology with different depths can be well obtained by focused detection, and the reconstruction effect is good, which is consistent with the actual defect.
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7

Kim, Sang-Kon. "Computational Study of Extreme Ultraviolet Vote-Taking Lithography for Defect Repair." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 4994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17822.

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Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is a prospective technology for the fabrication of integrated chips with critical dimensions (CDs) under 10-nm. However, since chips with similar CDs have similar defect sizes, one of the most critical problems in extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is mask defect and repair. Defects cause local areas of undesired absorption, reflectivity, or phase change, which ultimately lead to imperfections in the printed image. For example, phase defects may cause substantial changes in image anomalies with different focuses. In this paper, the results of EUV vote-taking lithography are calculated and compared with other repair methods using the scattering matrix (S-matrix) method. Vote-taking lithography with the assumed perfect defect-free masks (N = 4) can maximize 90% and 91% repair improvements at pit defect and dump defect, respectively.
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8

Ellis, John, N. E. Mavromatos, and D. V. Nanopoulos. "M-Theory from Worldsheet Defects in Liouville String." Modern Physics Letters A 12, no. 36 (November 30, 1997): 2813–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397002946.

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We have argued previously that black holes may be represented in a D-brane approach by monopole and vortex defects in a sine–Gordon field theory model of Liouville dynamics on the worldsheet. Supersymmetrizing this sine–Gordon system, we find critical behavior in 11 dimensions, due to defect condensation which we interpret as the worldsheet analog of D-brane condensation around an extra space–time dimension in M-theory. This supersymmetric description of Liouville dynamics has a natural embedding within a 12-dimensional framework suggestive of F-theory.
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9

Phanitwong, Wiriyakorn, and Sutasn Thipprakmas. "Finite element analysis of piping defect formation in the sheet-extrusion process." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 06, no. 01 (March 2015): 1550010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962315500105.

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The pressing process, as compared to the machining process, makes good utilization of work piece material and shortens the production time, and as such it is increasingly used for production of complex shaped parts. A particular type of pressing is sheet-extrusion which controls the flow of material into special punch and die sets to produce an extruded shape. However, some particularly complex shaped parts cannot be made by sheet-extrusion due to the formation of piping defects. In this study, the finite element method (FEM) was used to investigate the formation of piping defects. In addition, the relationship between the characteristic dimensions of the extruded shape and the piping defect was also examined. Laboratory pressing experiments were performed to validate the accuracy of the FEM simulation results. Based on the stress distribution and velocity profiles within the extruded work piece, the relationship between the extruded shape and the piping defect was clearly identified. Furthermore, the FEM simulation results showed good agreement with the experimental results with regards to the dimensions of the extruded shape and the piping defect.
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10

Jo, Soo-Ho, and Byeng D. Youn. "A Phononic Crystal with Differently Configured Double Defects for Broadband Elastic Wave Energy Localization and Harvesting." Crystals 11, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060643.

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Анотація:
Several previous studies have been dedicated to incorporating double defect modes of a phononic crystal (PnC) into piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) systems to broaden the bandwidth. However, these prior studies are limited to examining an identical configuration of the double defects. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a new design concept for PnCs that examines differently configured double defects for broadband elastic wave energy localization and harvesting. For example, a square-pillar-type unit cell is considered and a defect is considered to be a structure where one piezoelectric patch is bonded to a host square lattice in the absence of a pillar. When the double defects introduced in a PnC are sufficiently distant from each other to implement decoupling behaviors, each defect oscillates like a single independent defect. Here, by differentiating the geometric dimensions of two piezoelectric patches, the defects’ dissimilar equivalent inertia and stiffness contribute to individually manipulating defect bands that correspond to each defect. Hence, with adequately designed piezoelectric patches that consider both the piezoelectric effects on shift patterns of defect bands and the characteristics for the output electric power obtained from a single-defect case, we can successfully localize and harvest the elastic wave energy transferred in broadband frequencies.
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Дисертації з теми "Defect dimensions"

1

Söderberg, Alexander. "Anomalous Dimensions in the WF O(N) Model with a Monodromy Line Defect." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317546.

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General ideas in the conformal bootstrap program are covered. Both numerical and analytical approaches to the bootstrap equation are reviewed to show how it can be manipulated in different ways. Further analytical approaches are studied for theories with defects. We consider the three-dimensional CFT at the corresponding WF fixed point in the O(N) \phi^4 model with a co-dimension two, monodromy defect. Anomalous dimensions for bulk- and defect-local fields as well as one of the OPE coefficients are found to the first loop order. Implications of inserting this defect and constraints that arises from symmetries of the theory are investigated.
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2

Pavlovitch, André. "Problemes de structure et de defauts de structure dans les pavages aperiodiques bi-dimensionnels (quasi-cristaux)." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066467.

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Etude geometrique des proprietes structurales des pavages de penrose bidimensionnels servant de base aux modeles des phases decagonales d'alliages d'aluminium-manganese. Etude de la statistique de propagation privilegies des phasons: les tubes. Description des pavages generalises, obtenus par transformation structurale
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3

Нощенко, Сергій Петрович. "Автоматизований вихрострумовий дефектоскоп для моніторингу стану елементів конструкцій літальних апаратів". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/38193.

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Магістерська дисертація містить 112 листа, 25 рисунків, 23 таблиць, 18 джерел за переліком посилань. У дисертації приведений аналіз елементів конструкцій, як об’єкта НК контролю. Підтверджена доцільність використання вихрострумового неруйнівного контролю для виявлення дефектів типу поверхневих та підповерхневих утомних тріщин та оцінки їх параметрів. Проведений огляд можливих методів опрацювання прийнятих сигналів за наявними годографами відносної внесеної напруги. Розглянуто типи накладних та прохідних вихрострумових перетворювачів. Проведений аналіз підтвердив доцільність використання вихрострумового перетворювача трансформаторного типу з диференційно з’єднаними вимірювальними котушками. Підчас аналізу годографів внесеної напруги від дефекту було виявлено можливості більш детального кількісного оцінювання параметрів дефекту за вихідним сигналом ВСП. Отримані за годографом внесеної напруги від дефекту орієнтовні градуювальні характеристики для параметрів дефектів дали змогу прослідкувати особливості зміни фази та амплітуди прийнятого сигналу ВСП від глибини залягання та глибини дефекту. . Запропоновані технічні рішення дають змогу автоматизувати процес контролю щодо прийняття рішення про наявність дефекту та оцінювання числових показників дефектів.
The master's dissertation contains 82 letters, 25 figures, 23 tables, 18 sources according to the list of references. The dissertation presents an analysis of structural elements as an object of NC control. The expediency of using eddy current non-destructive testing to detect defects such as surface and subsurface fatigue cracks and evaluate their parameters has been confirmed. A review of possible methods of processing the received signals according to the available hodographs of the relative applied voltage. Types of overhead and through-flow eddy current converters are considered. The analysis confirmed the feasibility of using an eddy current transducer of the transformer type with differentially connected measuring coils. During the analysis of hodographs of the applied stress from the defect, the possibilities of a more detailed quantitative assessment of the defect parameters according to the VSP output signal were revealed. The approximate calibration characteristics for the defect parameters obtained from the hodograph of the applied stress from the defect made it possible to trace the peculiarities of the phase and amplitude change of the received GSP signal from the depth and depth of the defect. . The proposed technical solutions make it possible to automate the process of control over the decision on the presence of a defect and the evaluation of numerical indicators of defects.
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4

Fornara, Pascal. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de la croissance des siliciures pour la microélectronique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10082.

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La miniaturisation des transistors mos n'est plus envisageable sans une etape de metallisation auto-alignee des contacts source/drain et grille (procede salicide: self aligned silicide). Dans les technologies mos actuelles, le siliciure le plus couramment utilise est le disiliciure de titane: tisi#2. La siliciuration ayant une influence a la fois sur les dopants et sur la topographie, elle a un impact evident sur les dispositifs. Afin de garantir des simulations electriques precises, la modelisation des procedes technologiques submicroniques doit donc etre capable de prendre en compte cette etape. Dans ce travail, nous avons developpe un modele general de croissance des siliciures et nous l'avons implemente dans un simulateur de procede bidimensionnel. Nous avons demontre qu'il etait possible de simuler la croissance d'un siliciure aussi bien par diffusion du silicium que par diffusion du metal, ainsi que la siliciuration par depot selectif en phase vapeur. Les parametres du modele ont ete ajustes afin d'obtenir des cinetiques de croissance du tisi#2 en bon accord avec les resultats experimentaux. Nous avons montre que notre modele permettait de rendre compte d'effets topographiques bidimensionnels (absence de croissance sous l'espaceur, courbure de la couche de tisi#2 sur les grilles de polysilicium,), a condition de faire dependre certains parametres des contraintes mecaniques generees pendant la croissance de la couche. L'influence de la siliciuration sur la redistribution des dopants a ete analysee ; la simulation a confirme que la segregation du bore a l'interface tisi#2/si etait responsable de la degradation des resistances d'acces des contacts siliciures sur silicium dope au bore. L'injection de lacunes pendant la siliciuration a egalement ete calibree grace aux resultats experimentaux et, par des simulations de procedes et de dispositifs, nous avons montre que ce phenomene pouvait induire une redistribution des dopants a longue distance. L'outil que nous avons developpe apporte donc une aide a l'optimisation du procede de siliciuration dans les technologies silicium
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5

Bogaert, Kevin Christopher. "Defect-driven processing of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122072.

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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 149-161).
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are an emerging class of semiconductor materials that offer exciting new properties for future electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, many ongoing challenges related to synthesis and processing must be overcome before this nascent technology can become industrially viable. In this thesis, processing-related phenomena relevant to the fabrication of TMD heterostructures, alloys, and nanoporous membranes are presented. This thesis begins with an investigation of the role of substrate temperature in two-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of MoS₂/WS₂ heterostructures. We demonstrate diffusion-mediated synthesis of inverted lateral heterostructures following low MoS2 growth temperatures in the second CVD step and homogeneous Mo[subscript x]W[subscript 1-x]S₂ alloyed crystals following higher MoS₂ growth temperatures.
Investigating the nature of this diffusion-mediated process, we identify an energetically favorable atomistic model proposing that transition metal diffusion is driven by a heterogeneous distribution of sulfur vacancies. This model is corroborated by the synthesis of a composition-graded Mo[subscript x]W[subscript 1-x]S₂ alloy crystals in which the final-stage spatial distribution of transition metal atoms correlates with intermediate-stage distribution of point defects. These heterogeneous crystals allow for correlation of the local optical properties with the local composition, demonstrating a variation in photoluminescence intensity spanning two orders of magnitude and reaching the maximum value for equicompositional alloy Mo₀.₅W₀.₅S₂ (x=0.5). Furthermore, the correlation between intermediate-stage distribution of point defects and final-stage spatial distribution of transition metal atoms enables the opportunity for bespoke patterning.
Utilizing a laser annealing technique, we demonstrate the ability to locally induce defects that define the regions of preferential nucleation during subsequent CVD growth. Finally, defect processing is also demonstrated in nanoporous TMD membrane applications. Combining modeling with experimentation, we demonstrate the relationship between vacuum annealing time and temperature with nanopore properties such as average radius and edge structure. Control of these properties is essential for the fabrication of functional nanoporous membrane devices for sensing, filtration, and energy applications. This thesis motivates further work on TMD processing in pursuit of developing a fundamental understanding of the defect-driven diffusion mechanism, a larger library of interesting TMD compositions and structures, as well as industrially viable TMD devices.
by Kevin Christopher Bogaert.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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6

Schmidt, Robert. "Defects in Higher-Dimensional Quantum Field Theory." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-71937.

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7

Caulier, Yannick. "Surface defect classification based on one-dimensional sensors and structured illumination." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991379101/04.

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8

Rezaei, Seyed Emad. "Defect Engineering: Novel Strengthening Mechanism for Low- Dimensional Zinc Oxide Nanostructures." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1532902032338622.

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9

任穎華 and Wing-wa Yam. "Two dimensional membrane and bending elements with defects." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226991.

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Yam, Wing-wa. "Two dimensional membrane and bending elements with defects /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24367370.

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Книги з теми "Defect dimensions"

1

Turkey) Technological Dimensions of Defence Against Terrorism (Workshop) (2011 Ankara. Technological Dimensions of Defence against Terrorism. Amsterdam: Ios Press, 2013.

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2

Simpson, William Turner. Method for adjusting warp measurements to a different board dimension. Madison, WI (One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison 53705-2398): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2000.

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3

Jain, B. M. India's defence and security: Intra-regional dimension. Jaipur: INA Shree Pub., 1998.

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4

Mill, G. J. van. Atlas of two-dimensional echocardiography in congenital cardiac defects. Boston: Nijhoff, 1985.

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5

Van Mill, G. J., A. J. Moulaert, and E. Harinck. Atlas of Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in Congenital Cardiac Defects. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5042-9.

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6

Kelly, Kate. The ADDed dimension: Everyday advice for adults with ADD. New York: Scribner, 1997.

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7

Ukraine) NATO Advanced Training Course on Defence Against Terrorism (2011 Kiev. Analyzing different dimensions and new threats in defence against terrorism. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2012.

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8

Ge, Shuping. Real-time 3D echocardiography for congenital heart disease: From fetus to adult. Shelton, Connecticut: People's Medical Publishing House-USA, 2014.

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9

Afghanistan) NATO Advanced Training Course on Defence Against Terrorism: Different Dimensions and Trends of the Emerging Threat - Terrorism (2010 Kabul. Defence Against Terrorism: Different Dimensions and Trends of an Emerging Threat. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2012.

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10

Diskin, Boris. Solving upwind-biased discretizations: Defect-correction iterations. Hampton, VA: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 1999.

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Частини книг з теми "Defect dimensions"

1

Andrade, Neelam N., Paul Mathai, and Neha Aggarwal. "Facial Asymmetry." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 1549–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_70.

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AbstractAny abnormality of the soft or hard tissues of the face can lead to asymmetry. This could be a consequence of a congenital anomaly, a developmental or an acquired defect. Asymmetry can be progressive in nature, while those acquired due to trauma or ablative surgeries are non- progressive. It is prudent for the clinician to consider the aetiology of the asymmetry, the extent and its severity in all three dimensions in order to provide an optimal treatment plan. Besides, it is important to take into consideration factors such as growth, timing of treatment and psychological aspirations of the patients. The present chapter will discuss the etiopathogenesis and classifications, clinical considerations and diagnosis, evaluation and treatment planning of facial asymmetries. Few interesting case scenarios will also be discussed for a better understanding of clinical presentations and various surgical procedures available for management.
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Mahgoun, Hafida, Fakher Chaari, Ahmed Felkaoui, and Mohamed Haddar. "The Time-Frequency Filtering (TFF) Method Used in Early Detection of Gear Faults in Variable Load and Dimensions Defect." In Applied Condition Monitoring, 56–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96181-1_5.

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Pantelides, Sokrates T. "Point Defects: The Zero-Dimension Three-Dimensional Objects." In New Horizons in Low-Dimensional Electron Systems, 455–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3190-2_30.

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Marciniak, Ewa. "Genetic Coagulation Defects." In The New Dimensions of Warfarin Prophylaxis, 175–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5985-3_15.

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5

Gates, David. "Dimensions of ‘Defensive Defence’." In Non-Offensive Defence, 104–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10585-4_4.

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Van Mill, G. J., A. J. Moulaert, and E. Harinck. "Isolated Ventricular Septal Defect." In Atlas of Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in Congenital Cardiac Defects, 23–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5042-9_2.

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Roggenkamp, K. W. "Blocks with cyclic defect (Green orders)." In Finite Dimensional Algebras and Related Topics, 265–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1556-0_14.

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Knörr, Reinhard. "Counting blocks of defect zero." In Representation Theory of Finite Groups and Finite-Dimensional Algebras, 419–24. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8658-1_18.

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Coullet, P., and G. Iooss. "One-Dimensional Cellular Patterns." In Patterns, Defects and Materials Instabilities, 1–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0593-1_1.

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Schapira, Jay N. "Atrial Septal Defects." In Two-Dimensional Real-Time Ultrasonic Imaging of the Heart, 327–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2559-8_29.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Defect dimensions"

1

Stark, Terrence J., Phillip E. Russell, and Corey Nevers. "3-D Defect Characterization using Plan View and Cross-Sectional TEM/STEM Analysis." In ISTFA 2005. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2005p0344.

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Abstract The primary objectives of failure analysis on structurally complex semiconductor devices are often to determine a defect's location and composition. Determining exactly how these defects propagate through a sample in three dimensions, to confirm a failure mode, is often elusive. This paper discusses characterizations of two defect types to illustrate a technique of sequentially imaging whisker type defects from orthogonal orientations using TEM/STEM. The first type is a high resistance short between two metal lines that is best imaged using STEM in order to observe subtle differences in material composition. The second is a crystalline dislocation through an optoelectronic device that is best observed using TEM. Details of resistive short characterization and crystalline defect characterization performed are provided. TEM/STEM has shown to be a practical tool for locating defects prior to cross sectional analysis. This allows defects to be located and characterized in three dimensions.
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2

Benjamin, Adilson C., Jose Luiz F. Freire, Ronaldo D. Vieira, Jorge L. C. Diniz, and Edmundo Q. de Andrade. "Burst Tests on Pipeline Containing Interacting Corrosion Defects." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67059.

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In this paper the burst tests of seven tubular specimens are presented. In these tests the tubular specimens were loaded with internal pressure only. The specimens were cut from longitudinal welded tubes made of API 5L X80 steel with a nominal outside diameter of 457.2 mm (18 in) and a nominal wall thickness of 7.93 mm (0.312 in). The specimen IDTS 1 is a defect-free pipe. The specimen IDTS 2 contains only one defect, herein called base defect. The base defect is an external flat bottomed defect with uniform width (circumferential dimension). The other five specimens contain groups of interacting defects constituted by the combination of two or more base defects. All the defects were machined using spark erosion. Measurements were carried out in order to determine the actual dimensions of each tubular specimen and its respective groups of defects. Tensile specimens and impact test specimens were tested to determine material properties. The failure pressures measured in the laboratory tests are compared with those predicted by six assessments methods, namely: the ASME B31G method, the RSTRENG 085dL method, the DNV RP-F101 method for single defects, the RPA method, the RSTRENG Effective Area method and the DNV RP-F101 method for interacting defects.
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3

Benjamin, Adilson C., Jose Luiz F. Freire, Ronaldo D. Vieira, and Edmundo Q. de Andrade. "Burst Tests on Pipeline Containing Closely Spaced Corrosion Defects." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92131.

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In this paper the burst tests of five tubular specimens are presented. In these tests the tubular specimens were loaded with internal pressure only. The specimens were cut from a longitudinal welded tube made of API 5L X80 steel with a nominal outside diameter of 457.2 mm (18 in) and a nominal wall thickness of 7.93 mm (0.312 in). The specimen IDTS 8 contains only one defect, herein called base defect. The base defect is an external flat bottomed defect with uniform width (circumferential dimension). The other four specimens contain groups of interacting defects constituted by the combination of three or more base defects. All the defects were machined using spark erosion. Measurements were carried out in order to determine the actual dimensions of each tubular specimen and its respective groups of defects. Tensile specimens and impact test specimens were tested to determine material properties. The failure pressures measured in the laboratory tests are compared with those predicted by five assessments methods, namely: the ASME B31G method, the RSTRENG 085dL method, the DNV RP-F101 method for single defects, the RPA method and the RSTRENG Effective Area method.
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4

Kalu, I. E., H. M. Inglis, and S. Kok. "Effect of Defect Geometry of Localized External Erosion on Failure of Boiler Tubes." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84787.

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Boiler tubes experience reductions in wall thickness due to erosion and corrosion mechanisms while in use. Due to this localized thinning, the tube becomes susceptible to gross plastic deformation, which eventually causes the tube to rupture. This study presents a non-linear finite element analysis of different geometric configurations of localized boiler tube defects. A defected boiler tube with three variants of the localized thinned area, having different geometrical shapes (flat, n-shape and u-shape) was modeled and subjected to a simulated internal pressure. The effect of the defect geometrical shapes and their dimensions (shape aspect ratios, defect length, width and depth) on the failure of the tube while in use were investigated. From the numerical results, the stress concentration factors (SCF) associated with each defect were obtained, and it was observed that these play a more significant role than the amount of material removal in influencing the failure of the tubes. This relationship between the SCF and the defect geometry characteristics helps to predict which tube with a localized thinning geometry is safe for continued operation or will fail, and hence to categorize the severity of defects to prioritize maintenance spending. The result of this work will serve as a guide to categorize the severity of external boiler tube defects. This is relevant whenever a constrained economic environment does not allow for all boiler tubes with defects to be replaced.
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Chlewicki, W., P. Baniukiewicz, T. Chady, and A. Brykalski. "Extended radiography system for identification of defect position in three dimensions." In 16th Int'l Symposium on Theoretical Electrical Engineering (ISTET). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inds.2011.6024821.

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6

Czurratis, Peter, Peter Hoffrogge, Sebastian Brand, Frank Altmann, and Matthias Petzold. "Failure Analysis Using Scanning Acoustic Microscopy for Diagnostics of Electronic Devices and 3D System Integration Technologies." In ISTFA 2012. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2012p0100.

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Abstract New semiconductor chip technologies and technologies for 3D integration require information’s of packaging and interface defects in 3 dimensions, that means the lateral dimension of the defect and the location inside the device or package must be defined. In this paper, new methodical approaches for non destructive failure analysis on 3D integrated TSV samples are introduced. The concepts combine improved scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) imaging hardware with unique software solutions for defect identification and quantitative analysis of mechanical properties using scanning acoustic investigations. In case of MEMS 3D integration, e.g. based on direct bonding, related interface defects must be investigated by SAM. With respect to 3D integration applications, the potential of recent SAM improvements applying specifically adapted hardware and custom-made signal processing algorithms will be discussed. Examples of SAM-based failure detection techniques for the application in 3D integration are demonstrated. New technologies are shown to improve the through put of fully wafer scanning using scanning acoustic microscopy. To improve the defect resolution, a new transducer design was developed to increase defect resolution and signal to noise for interface characterisation.
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Chang, Yoon-Suk, Jong-Min Kim, Nam-Su Huh, Young-Jin Kim, Seong-Sik Hwang, and Joung-Soo Kim. "Failure Pressure Estimates of Steam Generator Tubes Containing Wear-Type Defects." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89085.

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It is commonly requested that steam generator tubes with defects exceeding 40% of wall thickness in depth should be plugged to sustain all postulated loads with appropriate margin. The critical defect dimensions have been determined based on the concept of plastic instability. This criterion, however, is known to be too conservative for some locations and types of defects. In this context, the accurate failure estimation for steam generator tubes with a defect draws increasing attention. Although several guidelines have been developed and are used for assessing the integrity of defected tubes, most of these guidelines are related to stress corrosion cracking or wall-thinning phenomena. As some of steam generator tubes are also failed due to fretting and so on, alternative failure estimation schemes for relevant defects are required. In this paper, three-dimensional finite element (FE) analyses are carried out under internal pressure condition to simulate the failure behavior of steam generator tubes with different defect configurations; elliptical wastage type, wear scar type and rectangular wastage type defects. Maximum pressures based on material strengths are obtained from more than a hundred FE results to predict the failure of the steam generator tube. After investigating the effect of key parameters such as wastage depth, wastage length and wrap angle, simplified failure estimation equations are proposed in relation to the equivalent stress at the deepest point in wastage region. Comparison of failure pressures predicted according to the proposed estimation scheme with some corresponding burst test data shows good agreement, which provides a confidence in the use of the proposed equations to assess the integrity of steam generator tubes with wear-type defects.
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8

Cronin, Duane S. "Finite Element Analysis of Complex Corrosion Defects." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1288.

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Aging gas and oil transmission pipeline infrastructure has led to the need for improved integrity assessment. Presently, external and internal corrosion defects are the leading cause of pipeline failure in Canada, and in many other countries around the world. The currently accepted defect assessment procedures have been shown to be conservative, with the degree of conservatism varying with the defect dimensions. To address this issue, a multi-level corrosion defect assessment procedure has been proposed. The assessment levels are organized in terms of increasing complexity; with three-dimensional elastic-plastic Finite Element Analysis (FEA) proposed as the highest level of assessment. This method requires the true stress-strain curve of the material, as determined from uniaxial tensile tests, and the corrosion defect geometry to assess the burst pressure of corrosion defects. The use of non-linear FEA to predict the failure pressure of real corrosion defects has been investigated using the results from 25 burst tests on pipe sections removed from service due to the presence of corrosion defects. It has been found that elastic-plastic FEA provides an accurate prediction of the burst pressure and failure location of complex-shaped corrosion defects. Although this approach requires detailed information regarding the corrosion geometry, it is appropriate for cases where an accurate burst pressure prediction is necessary.
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Dinovitzer, Aaron S., Brian A. Graville, and Alan G. Glover. "Strain-Based Failure Criteria for Sharp Part-Wall Defects in Pipelines." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2031.

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Анотація:
Failure criteria in current engineering critical assessment procedures for defects in pipelines and welds are stress-based. For example, failure is presumed to occur when the net section average stress reaches some arbitrary flow stress. These approaches are unrealistic for defects of limited length where loading of the net section (ligament) is essentially strain controlled. In order to improve upon this, the authors developed a strain-based failure criterion for part wall pipe defects in terms of the maximum ligament plastic extension. While this criterion[l] provided a basis for assessing the criticality of blunt defects, with respect to plastic collapse, it did not address sharp or planar defects which promote fracture. As a defect becomes sharper, failure is determined more by local strain at the defect tip which is typically characterized by the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD). This paper describes the development of a sharp/planar defect strain-based failure criterion which relates the maximum ligament extension to the critical CTOD of the material. Two and three dimensional non-linear finite element analyses are used to determine local root extensions of circumferential defects which can be related to the loading, defect and pipe dimensions. The root extensions are calibrated to standard CTOD measurements through non-linear finite element analysis. The failure criterion development process considers various defect lengths, material work hardening rates and material models. The failure criterion is compared with analytical and experimental data to demonstrate its predictive capability. The end result of this work is the development of an alternative acceptance criterion for sharp weld defects permitting more effective repair decisions to be made based on a more uniform level of reliability.
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Kephart, Jacob, John Chen, and Hong Zhang. "Laser Scanning Thermal Probe: A Novel Approach to NDE." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61161.

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Infrared (IR) thermography and, more recently, thermosonics have proven to be viable means of qualitative nondestructive evaluation (NDE). However, structural defects such as cracks observed through thermosonics can only be identified as “hot spots” indicating a general location of a defect without an accurate depiction of the dimensions or shape of the defect. This paper introduces a new technique dubbed Laser Scanning Thermal Probe, LSTP, which combines thermography with the use of heat application in strategic locations to observe the spatial heat flow patterns. LSTP provides the ability to record heat propagation across a defect area with temperature discontinuities forming due to differences in defect thermal diffusivity, thus providing information which can be used to characterize the defect such as crack length.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Defect dimensions"

1

Verba, Roman, Vasil Tiberkevich, Elena Bankowski, Thomas Meitzler, Gennadiy Melkov, and Andrei Slavin. Localized Defect Modes in a Two-Dimensional Array of Magnetic Nanodots. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582732.

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2

Chen, In-Gann, Maw-Kuen Wu, and Shih-Yun Chen. Synthesis of One-dimensional Nano-sized Defects in High Tc Superconductor. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada466509.

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3

Millar, Katharine, James Shires, and Tatiana Tropina. Gender Approaches to Cybersecurity: Design, Defence and Response. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/gen/21/01.

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Gender approaches to cybersecurity explores how gender norms shape specific activities pertaining to cybersecurity design, defence and response. In each of these three pillars, the research identifies distinct dimensions of cyber-related activities that have gendered implications and, thus, need to be considered from a gender perspective. The report proposes recommendations for the incorporation of gender considerations throughout international cybersecurity policy and practice, so as to ensure that cybersecurity improves the security of people of all gender identities and expressions, as well as international peace and security. The ultimate conclusion is that these two levels of security cannot be separated.
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4

Tartaglia, Angelo. Defects in Four-dimensional Continua: a Paradigm for the Expantion of the Universe? GIQ, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/giq-10-2009-248-264.

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5

Chen, Pictiaw, Boaz Zion, and Michael J. McCarthy. Utilization of NMR Technology for Internal Nondestructive Quality Evaluation of Fruits and Vegetables. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568778.bard.

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Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the potential use of NMR for evaluating various internal quality factors of fruits and vegetables, leading to the eventual development of practical techniques that are useful for future development of NMR sensors. Summary: Investigation on NMR imaging, one-dimension NMR projection, and single-pulse free-induction-decay (FID) spectrum led to the development of high-speed NMR techniques for real-time sensing of internal quality of selected fruits. NMR imaging can be used for detecting internal defects and various quality factors such as bruises, dry regions, worm damage, stage of ripeness, tissue breakdown, and the presence of voids, seeds, sprouts, and pits. The one-dimension (1-D) image profile technique, in which the 1-D projection of the NMR signal of a selected slice of the intact fruit is recorded, is suitable for detecting tissue breakdown regions, presence of pits, and other defects in fruits. The oil and sugar content of fruits can be determined from the single-pulse FID spectrum measurement, in which a surface coil is used to acquire the FID spectrum and the ratio of the resonance peaks is used as the quality index. The latter two techniques are suitable for high-speed sorting of fruits. The most important accomplishment is the successful development of high-speed NMR techniques for determining internal quality of fruits while they are moving at speed up to 30 cm/s. This accomplishment is an important step toward the development of NMR techniques for on-line sorting of fruits and vegetables.
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6

Revi, Aromar, Madhumitha Srinivasan, Amir Bazaz, Manish Dubey, and Midhat Fatima Safdar. Indian Municipal Finance 2022. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/imf02.2022.

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The Constitution (Seventy-fourth) Amendment Act 1992 sought to empower urban local bodies as a third-tier of governance. Thirty years hence, the reality of Indian ULBs is far from their initial aspirations. ULBs in most states continue to struggle on almost all dimensions of the funds, functions, and functionaries continuum. Most have limited autonomy of functioning and capacities for planning, budgeting, expenditure management, procurement, implementation, and monitoring. The fiscal space for ULBs has been shrinking in most states, especially with constraints in expansion of the overall tax base, the growing central and state fiscal deficit, and the weakening of the vertical and horizontal institutional mechanisms for resource mobilisation, coordination, and transfer.
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7

Davies, Will. Improving the engagement of UK armed forces overseas. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135010.

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The UK government’s Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy, published in March 2021 alongside a supporting defence command paper, set a new course for UK national security and highlighted opportunities for an innovative approach to international engagement activity. The Integrated Review focused principally on the state threats posed by China’s increasing power and by competitors – including Russia – armed with nuclear, conventional and hybrid capabilities. It also stressed the continuing risks to global security and resilience due to conflict and instability in weakened and failed states. These threats have the potential to increase poverty and inequality, violent extremism, climate degradation and the forced displacement of people, while presenting authoritarian competitors with opportunities to enhance their geopolitical influence. There are moral, security and economic motives to foster durable peace in conflict-prone and weakened regions through a peacebuilding approach that promotes good governance, addresses the root causes of conflict and prevents violence, while denying opportunities to state competitors. The recent withdrawal from Afghanistan serves to emphasize the complexities and potential pitfalls associated with intervention operations in complex, unstable regions. Success in the future will require the full, sustained and coordinated integration of national, allied and regional levers of power underpinned by a sophisticated understanding of the operating environment. The UK armed forces, with their considerable resources and global network, will contribute to this effort through ‘persistent engagement’. This is a new approach to overseas operations below the threshold of conflict, designed as a pre-emptive complement to warfighting. To achieve this, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) must develop a capability that can operate effectively in weak, unstable and complex regions prone to violent conflict and crises, not least in the regions on the eastern and southern flanks of the Euro-Atlantic area. The first step must be the development of a cohort of military personnel with enhanced, tailored levels of knowledge, skills and experience. Engagement roles must be filled by operators with specialist knowledge, skills and experience forged beyond the mainstream discipline of combat and warfighting. Only then will individuals develop a genuinely sophisticated understanding of complex, politically driven and sensitive operating environments and be able to infuse the design and delivery of international activities with practical wisdom and insight. Engagement personnel need to be equipped with: An inherent understanding of the human and political dimensions of conflict, the underlying drivers such as inequality and scarcity, and the exacerbating factors such as climate change and migration; - A grounding in social sciences and conflict modelling in order to understand complex human terrain; - Regional expertise enabled by language skills, cultural intelligence and human networks; - Familiarity with a diverse range of partners, allies and local actors and their approaches; - Expertise in building partner capacity and applying defence capabilities to deliver stability and peace; - A grasp of emerging artificial intelligence technology as a tool to understand human terrain; - Reach and insight developed through ‘knowledge networks’ of external experts in academia, think-tanks and NGOs. Successful change will be dependent on strong and overt advocacy by the MOD’s senior leadership and a revised set of personnel policies and procedures for this cohort’s selection, education, training, career management, incentivization, sustainability and support.
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