Готові списки джерел за темами / Dairy processing Quality control

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Dairy processing Quality control"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Dairy processing Quality control"

Chauhan, I. A., Atanu Jana, A. K. Mackwana, and A. G. Bhadania. "Engineering Interventions for Technological Advancements in Dairy Industry." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 4, no. 4 (2016): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.441610.

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India today is already the worlds’ largest producer of milk but the country is not a dominant force in the world market of milk and milk products. The growth potential of Indian Dairy Industry is enormous and challenges exist in improving the efficiency level and quality in complete chain of milk processing at every stage. The production of quality milk and milk products begins on the farm and continues through further handling, processing, packaging and distribution. One of the most important tasks amongst the quality control is to control and follow up regularly the fulfilment of quality standards at every stage of process flow in order to guarantee the best possible quality of end products through technological advancements. Engineering interventions have vital role to play in achieving this objective. Milk production, reception, processing, packaging, quality assurance, storage and distribution have been selected for engineering interventions for technological advancement in dairy industry.

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Ma, Xiu Ying, Yun Xiang Liu, and Wan Jun Yu. "Quality Evaluation of Dairy Products Based on Electronic Nose." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.524.

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The construction of Electronic Nose system and associated signal processing methods were introduced .Then special references to applications to dairy products, such as the classification of different milk, the milk with different shelf-lives, flavor quality evaluation, antibiotics resedues detection and quality control were discussed. The results show that the quality of dairy products can be evaluated effectively using Electronic Nose system. The development trends of Electronic Nose are presented.

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Burmistrov, Dmitriy E., Dmitriy Y. Pavkin, Artyom R. Khakimov, Dmitry N. Ignatenko, Evgeniy A. Nikitin, Vasily N. Lednev, Yakov P. Lobachevsky, Sergey V. Gudkov, and Andrei V. Zvyagin. "Application of Optical Quality Control Technologies in the Dairy Industry: An Overview." Photonics 8, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8120551.

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Sustainable development of the agricultural industry, in particular, the production of milk and feed for farm animals, requires accurate, fast, and non-invasive diagnostic tools. Currently, there is a rapid development of a number of analytical methods and approaches that meet these requirements. Infrared spectrometry in the near and mid-IR range is especially widespread. Progress has been made not only in the physical methods of carrying out measurements, but significant advances have also been achieved in the development of mathematical processing of the received signals. This review is devoted to the comparison of modern methods and devices used to control the quality of milk and feed for farm animals.

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Vishniakou, U. А., and Hu Zhifeng. "Development and Optimization of the Internet of Things Network for Product Quality Monitoring." Doklady BGUIR 20, no. 4 (June 29, 2022): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2022-20-4-80-87.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze methods, approaches and means of Internet of Things (IoT) technology for product quality control. The objectives of the article are: analysis of dairy farm management problems, development of the structure of the IoT network for milk quality analysis, development of an algorithm for the operation of the IoT milk quality control network, optimization of IoT network protocols choice. Two types of management are considered for the functioning of a dairy farm: production and processes. To implement dairy farm management using 4.0 technology, the use of an IoT network is proposed, in which various communication protocols are considered. The structure of the IoT network of four-level dairy farm management is proposed, which includes analyzers, a gateway, a cloud platform and various applications for farmers and operators. A generalized algorithm for milk quality control on a farm based on the developed IoT network structure is presented, which includes receiving information from analyzers, transmitting it through a gateway to a cloud platform for storage and intelligent processing, displaying results through operator applications. The application of intelligent algorithms for farm management is also considered: data processing and training ‒ ML, knowledge processing ‒ DT, security ‒ FL. The process of selecting a suitable network protocol for monitoring a dairy farm is carried out using the hierarchy analysis method, which uses expert estimates corresponding to four network indicators: transmission speed, distance, frequency and security. The formulated approaches can be applied in various production processes to monitor product quality.

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Kaishev, V. G., and O. V. Sycheva. "Components of the quality of products of LLC "Pyatigorsk Dairy Plant"." Agrarian-And-Food Innovations 16 (December 29, 2021): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31208/2618-7353-2020-16-66-75.

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Aim. Analyze of the factors shaping the quality and storage capacity of products produced by LLC "Pyatigorsk Dairy Plant". Materials and Methods. Process monitoring data, laboratory quality control of finished products, subjected to systematization and analysis. Results. LLC Pyatigorsk Dairy Plant is a large modern enterprise for milk processing and production of whole milk products in the Stavropol Territory. The peculiarity of this plant is that it is provided with its own milk, being part of the agroholding together with LLC "AgroFirma "Village named after G.V. Kaishev" (formerly LLC "AgroFirma "Village Voroshilova"). This is one of the most important components of the quality of products produced by the plant. High product quality and storage capacity are ensured by the production conditions, and, above all, by the ultra-pasteurization of raw milk, which is carried out for 2-4 seconds at a temperature of 137oC, followed by vacuuming for the purpose of deaeration, which is an additional factor ensuring the long-term storage capacity of the products obtained. At the same time, after ultra pasteurization, the bioavailability of 94.1% of amino acids (essential and interchangesable) remains in milk, and during sterilization – only 92.7%. Thus, the next component of quality is effective heat treatment – ultra pasteurization, which ensures not only safety and long shelf life, but also preserves the component composition of the original milk as much as possible. Together with the precise organization of all technological processes under the control of the automated Tetra PlantMaster system, aseptic bottling of products and strict compliance with the requirements of sanitation and hygiene, the entire processing process is a guarantee of obtaining high-quality dairy products. Conclusion. Dairy products produced in LLC "Pyatigorsk Dairy Plant" are positioned as natural and environmentally friendly. This is ensured at every stage of the production cycle: environmentally friendly feed ‒ a healthy and highly productive dairy herd – high-quality milk processing ‒ and ultimately – a natural, high-quality and safe dairy product from the end consumer.

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Kharitonov, Vladimir, Vladimir Asafov, Evgeniya Iskakova, Nina Tankova, Tatsiana Halavach, and Vladimir Kurchenko. "Quality Control of Colostrum and Protein Calf Milk Replacers." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 51, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2021-1-188-195.

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Introduction. Improving technologies and providing young farm animals with high-quality feed are the primary tasks for successful reproduction and maintenance of dairy cattle. The research objective was to assess the quality characteristics of colostrum and milk replacers, as well as their technological prospects. Study objects and methods. The research featured colostrum, calf milk replacers (CMR), processing methods, and quality characteristics. The paper introduces an analysis of various sustainable processes of obtaining new CMRs. Results and discussion. The article describes colostrum: recommended intake for young calves, qualitative characteristics, and control methods. It focuses mostly on the microbiological characteristics of colostrum, as well as on its role in developing the immune system of calves and the prospects of enzymatic regulation of its functional properties. Enzymatic regulation is based on deep proteins hydrolysates and a highly active serine protease (alcalase). The authors studied variants of using various enzyme preparations and bacterial starter cultures for obtaining hydrolyzed and fermented colostrum, analyzed the main process indicators of milk replacers with intermediate moisture content, and tested various methods for assessing the fatty acid and protein composition of concentrated milk replacers. Production methods proved to have a significant impact on the indicators in question. Conclusion. Reproduction of the dairy herd genetic potential depends on the diet of the young farm animals, and so does the economy of agricultural production. Enzymatic processing of raw materials proved to be the most promising approach for obtaining products with improved functional properties. Deep colostrum hydrolysates can also be an important part of functional foods for children, athletes, in dietary foods, etc.

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Burke, Niamh. "Evaluating the Temperature of Incoming Raw Milk at a Dairy Processing Plant." Journal of Dairy Research and Technology 4, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/drt-9315/100024.

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Ensuring stringent temperature control parameters and efficient cooling mechanisms are maintained at a dairy plant are critical to downstream processing capabilities and product quality. This study examined the temperature of incoming raw milk across three production months (June, July, August 2018), to capture peak season processing at one dairy manufacturing plant. A total of n=4,236 data points across three milk intake bays were analysed.Across the study area, the average temperature of incoming milk was 6.18°C (1.54 Standard Deviation (SD)). After the initial cooling step in the dairy facility, the average temperature of stored

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Kushnir, N., A. Ventsuryk, A. Zhemba, and D. Tsaruk. "Monitoring of resource-efficient provision of Ukrainian dairy processing enterprises with high-quality raw milk on the basis of international requirements." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 915, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/915/1/012030.

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Abstract The article provides information on the main problems of development of dairy enterprises in Ukraine on the criteria of sustainable development and taking into account the vector of the European integration course of the country. The level of providing milk processing enterprises with the quality of raw milk is analyzed. The main trends in the supply of raw milk from agricultural enterprises and households of Ukraine by varieties are presented and analyzed. The dynamics of milk supply and its price are also presented. It is established that the use of quality raw milk directly affects the efficiency of milk processing enterprises. Important aspects of quality control of raw dairy products at enterprises are outlined. High-quality dairy production and reduction of production costs are impossible without the functioning of the raw material quality monitoring system. To this end, it is necessary to introduce the principles of hazard analysis and critical control points in the management structure of dairy companies. It is proved that the key factor of global economic development is the state of the environment, so monitoring the supply of milk - raw materials should also be accompanied by the definition of a set of resource efficiency indicators.

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GREENE, ANNEL K., THOMAS G. REYNOLDS, and EMILY M. SOUTHERLAND. "Sanitary Evaluation of Target Flowmeter Used in a Dairy Processing Plant." Journal of Food Protection 54, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 966–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-54.12.966.

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A target flowmeter, used to measure raw milk flow, was examined for sanitary conditions in a university dairy plant 10 times over a period of eight weeks. The flowmeter connection was swabbed at four different locations along the dairy plant connection at four different times during the work day: i) after chlorine sanitization, before product; ii) after product, before cleaning in place (CIP); iii) after CIP, before acid sanitization; and iv) after acid sanitization, at end of day. Samples were plated in duplicate on standard plate count agar and on violet red bile agar. After routine CIP cleaning and sanitization procedures, bacterial counts were low. Additionally, no finished product contamination problems were detected over the 7 months of flowmeter use as shown by routine quality control tests on pasteurized milk which had flowed past the in-line meter as raw milk. These results indicate that normal cleaning and sanitization procedures were adequate for the in-line flowmeter.

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Bencini, R., and G. Pulina. "The quality of sheep milk: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 4 (1997): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96014.

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Summary. The quality of sheep milk is paramount in controlling the quality of dairy products made from it. We describe the factors affecting the quality of the milk of sheep milked commercially for dairy production, with an emphasis on Australia and New Zealand. Some of these factors, such as the genotype of the sheep, are difficult to control, but others are environmental factors, such as the nutrition and management of the milking flock, and can be manipulated by the farmer to produce high quality milk. To obtain high quality milk, ewes must be milked out regularly and completely, which implies adopting appropriate milking routines and milking equipment. It is also important that the ewes are healthy and receive adequate diets. Physiologically the ewes must be in an appropriate stage of lactation because at the very beginning and at the end of lactation the milk is of poor manufacturing quality, even though it has high fat and protein content. These factors and their influence on milk quality for the processing of milk into dairy products, especially cheese, are described and critically examined.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Dairy processing Quality control"

Linde, Susanna Gezina. "Die ontwikkeling van 'n moniteringsprogram vir roumelkgehalte as deel van die gehaltebestuurstelsel van 'n melkprosesseerder in die Noordwes-provinsie." Thesis, Bloemfontein: Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/264.

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Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008
In this study, the development and implementation of a quality-monitoring program for raw milk as part of the quality management system of a milk processor was studied. Various aspects that contribute to raw milk quality were also included. Ten factors that are important in the production of good quality raw milk were summarised in the Ten Point Plan for the production of quality raw milk. Thirty-eight producers, who have supplied raw milk to the processor over a period of five year, were involved in this program. The producers are located all over the Northwest Province. Sixty thousand litres of milk is processed at the processor daily. The milk is taken in from the farms on alternative days by tankers supplied by the processor. A mark sheet was developed to evaluate control points during milking that can be measured directly from the laboratory. This was done monthly. Factors that could not be measured in the laboratory were evaluated when visits to the milk parlours were done twice a year. At the end of the year, the results of the mark sheet as well as the results of the parlour audits were compiled on a quality chart and the results were calculated as a percentage. The processor used the results of the quality charts to reward producers for quality milk. It was found that producers do not have the necessary infrastructure and knowledge to analyse milk. Analysing the raw milk and releasing the results to the producer are important measures to identify and manage problem areas that can pose a risk to the production of good quality raw milk. It is very important to supply the producer with the correct and relevant information because most of the representatives of companies, which visit the farms, supply information to the benefit of the product they sell. A formal monitoring program ensures that raw milk adhere to quality measures due to the fact that producers know the basic principles necessary for the production of good quality raw milk and the fact that the producer can implement measures in his/her own unique farm environment. The implementation of the Ten Point Plan for the production of quality raw milk at the processor had a significant influence on the quality of raw milk that was bought from producers. During times of milk shortages, the processor had to buy milk from alternative sources, which have no quality-monitoring program. Most of the times, this milk did not comply with the law regarding the total bacterial count, the coliform count, and the E. coli count. Record keeping is an important part of the management system of a dairy. Results from this study stressed a meaningful relationship between the keeping of records as mentioned in the Ten Point Plan and the production of good quality raw milk. It is recommended that producers be sharpened regarding the requirements for the production of good quality raw milk. Purchasing good quality raw milk assured the marketing of the best quality dairy products to the consumer. The contribution of this study to the dairy industry is the fact that the implementation of a quality-monitoring program ensures the maintenance of a sustainable quality of raw milk to the industry.

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Gosselin, Ryan. "ON-LINE QUALITY CONTROL IN POLYMER PROCESSING USING HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26629/26629.pdf.

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L’industrie du plastique se tourne de plus en plus vers les matériaux composites afin d’économiser de la matière et/ou d’utiliser des matières premières à moindres coûts, tout en conservant de bonnes propriétés. L’impressionnante adaptabilité des matériaux composites provient du fait que le manufacturier peut modifier le choix des matériaux utilisés, la proportion selon laquelle ils sont mélangés, ainsi que la méthode de mise en œuvre utilisée. La principale difficulté associée au développement de ces matériaux est l’hétérogénéité de composition ou de structure, qui entraîne généralement des défaillances mécaniques. La qualité des prototypes est normalement mesurée en laboratoire, à partir de tests destructifs et de méthodes nécessitant la préparation des échantillons. La mesure en-ligne de la qualité permettrait une rétroaction quasi-immédiate sur les conditions d’opération des équipements, en plus d’être directement utilisable pour le contrôle de la qualité dans une situation de production industrielle. L’objectif de la recherche proposée consiste à développer un outil de contrôle de qualité pour la qualité des matériaux plastiques de tout genre. Quelques sondes de type proche infrarouge ou ultrasons existent présentement pour la mesure de la composition en-ligne, mais celles-ci ne fournissent qu’une valeur ponctuelle à chaque acquisition. Ce type de méthode est donc mal adapté pour identifier la distribution des caractéristiques de surface de la pièce (i.e. homogénéité, orientation, dispersion). Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, un système d’imagerie hyperspectrale est proposé. À l’aide de cet appareil, il est possible de balayer la surface de la pièce et d’obtenir une image hyperspectrale, c’est-à-dire une image formée de l’intensité lumineuse à des centaines de longueurs d’onde et ce, pour chaque pixel de l’image. L’application de méthodes chimiométriques permettent ensuite d’extraire les caractéristiques spatiales et spectrales de l’échantillon présentes dans ces images. Finalement, les méthodes de régression multivariée permettent d’établir un modèle liant les caractéristiques identifiées aux propriétés de la pièce. La construction d’un modèle mathématique forme donc l’outil d’analyse en-ligne de la qualité des pièces qui peut également prédire et optimiser les conditions de fabrication.
The use of plastic composite materials has been increasing in recent years in order to reduce the amount of material used and/or use more economic materials, all of which without compromising the properties. The impressive adaptability of these composite materials comes from the fact that the manufacturer can choose the raw materials, the proportion in which they are blended as well as the processing conditions. However, these materials tend to suffer from heterogeneous compositions and structures, which lead to mechanical weaknesses. Product quality is generally measured in the laboratory, using destructive tests often requiring extensive sample preparation. On-line quality control would allow near-immediate feedback on the operating conditions and may be transferrable to an industrial production context. The proposed research consists of developing an on-line quality control tool adaptable to plastic materials of all types. A number of infrared and ultrasound probes presently exist for on-line composition estimation, but only provide single-point values at each acquisition. These methods are therefore less adapted for identifying the spatial distribution of a sample’s surface characteristics (e.g. homogeneity, orientation, dispersion). In order to achieve this objective, a hyperspectral imaging system is proposed. Using this tool, it is possible to scan the surface of a sample and obtain a hyperspectral image, that is to say an image in which each pixel captures the light intensity at hundreds of wavelengths. Chemometrics methods can then be applied to this image in order to extract the relevant spatial and spectral features. Finally, multivariate regression methods are used to build a model between these features and the properties of the sample. This mathematical model forms the backbone of an on-line quality assessment tool used to predict and optimize the operating conditions under which the samples are processed.

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Santos, Jose Eduardo Portela 1970. "Effect of grain processing, protein quality and bST on lactation performance and ovarian activity of dairy cows." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282527.

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of grain processing, grain sources, protein sources, and bST treatments on lactation performance, ovarian activity and nutrient digestion in early lactation dairy cows. In experiment 1, forty-eight dairy cows were divided into six groups and fed diets containing 37 to 39% grain as either steam-flaked sorghum (SFS, 360 g/L), steam-flaked corn (SFC, 360 g/L), or steam-rolled corn (SRC, 490 g/L) with one of two protein sources, soybean meal (SBM) or Prolak® for 70 days. Main effects for grain and protein source were not different for DMI, milk yield, 3.5% FCM yield or feed efficiency. Although efficiency of feed conversion into FCM did not differ among treatments, cows fed Prolak® required 10% less NEL for every Mcal of NEL converted into body weight or FCM. Milk protein yield was increased by both flaked gain and Prolak®. Feeding flaked grain increased milk production by 1.5 kg/d compared with rolled grain. Increasing the ratio of RDS/RDP to more than 2.4 increased milk yield by 2.7 kg/d (39.0 vs 36.3 kg/d). Plasma NEFA levels did not differ among treatments and grain and protein source had variable effects on PUN. Compared with other grains, SFC increased digestibilities of DM and OM, and flaked grains increased digestibility of starch. Cows fed SFS had the lowest crude protein digestibility, but was highest in NDF. In experiment 2, thirty-two postpartum (5 DIM)Holstein cows were assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design for 90 days. Treatments were: steam-flaked sorghum diet with bST (SFS-B); steam-flaked sorghum diet without bST (SFS-N); steam-rolled corn diet with bST (SRC-B); and steam-rolled corn diet without bST (SRC-N). Cows receiving bST during the first 45 days of treatment had lower DMI and DMI as % of BW. Milk yield was increased by bST 3.1 kg/d and 1.8 kg/d during the 45 d and 90 d periods, respectively, resulting in greater feed efficiency for bST-treated cows. Grain processing did not affect DMI, milk yield and FCM yield. Neither composition nor yields of milk components were influenced by treatments. Compared to the SRC diet, SFS increased plasma glucose 5% and plasma insulin 19%. Grain processing and bST had no effect on either BHBA or hepatic triglycerides. PUN was reduced by bST, but NEFA was increased. Compared with SRC, SFS increased progesterone during the first two postpartum estrous cycles and cows receiving bST had significantly larger CL. Flaked sorghum compared with SRC increased digestibility of DM, OM, and starch, and neither grain affected digestibilities of CP, NDF or ADF. Treatments with bST did not affect any nutrient digestibilities.

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Arroyo, Esquivel Esteban. "An adaptive image pre-processing system for quality control in production lines." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/7984.

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Adaptive and self-optimized behaviours in automated quality control systems based on computer vision and hence on digital image processing, constitute an approach that may signi cantly enhance the robustness, e ciency and exibility of the industrial systems. This work presents the development of an adaptive software system designed for the pre-processing of digital images captured in industrial production scenarios. The system is capable of characterizing and distinguishing between di erent image scenes, evaluating their current global quality, determining the best enhancement strategy to be executed and auto-adapting its functional parameters according to the actual generated data. Real images captured in a washing machines production line are presented and used to test and validate the system algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate the robust performance of the system, the image quality enhancements achieved and the improvement of the recognition e ectiveness of the posterior processing algorithms. The contribution of the present work consists in the implementation of a dynamic scene recognition algorithm, based on a neural network architecture and a parametric indexes extraction process, that allows the execution of customized quality correction strategies and it is capable of considering the system's history in order to self-adapt. With this project it is intended to incur in the automated industrial quality control eld by addressing a novel approach on adaptive pre-processing systems for quality enhancement purposes. Os comportamentos adaptativos e auto-optimizáveis nos sistemas de controlo de qualidade baseados em visão arti cial e, portanto, em processamento de imagem, constituem uma abordagem que poderia aumentar signi cativamente a robustez, e ciência e exibilidade das respostas dos sistemas industriais. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema de software adaptativo desenhado para o pré-processamento de imagens capturadas em ambientes de produção industrial. O sistema é capaz de caracterizar e distinguir entre diferentes imagens, avaliar a sua qualidade global actual, determinar a melhor estratégia de melhoramento por executar e auto-adaptar os seus parâmetros funcionais de acordo com a informação gerada. Imagens reais capturadas numa linha de produção de máquinas de lavar são apresentadas e usadas para testar e validar os algoritmos do sistema. Resultados experimentais demonstram o rendimento robusto da arquitectura, os melhoramentos da qualidade da imagem atingidos e o incremento da efectividade de reconhecimento dos algoritmos de processamento posteriores. A contribução do presente trabalho consiste na implementação de um algoritmo dinâmico de reconhecimento de cenários, baseado numa arquitetura de rede neural e num processo de extracção de parâmetros, que permite a execução de estratégias de correcção de qualidade e é capaz de considerar a história do sistema com o objectivo de auto-adaptar-se. Com este projecto pretende-se incorrer no campo do controlo de qualidade automatizado focando uma abordagem novedosa em sistemas de pré-processamento adaptativo com propósitos de melhoramento de imagem. Comportamientos adaptativos y auto-optimizables en sistemas de control de calidad basados en visión arti cial y, por tanto, en procesamiento de imagen, constituyen un abordaje que podría aumentar signi cativamente la robustez, e ciencia y exibilidad de las respuestas de los sistemas industriales. Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de software adaptativo diseñado para el pre-procesamiento de imágenes capturadas en escenarios de producción industrial. El sistema es capaz de caracterizar y distinguir entre diferentes imágenes, evaluar su cualidad global actual, determinar la ejecución de la estrategia de mejoramiento óptima y auto-adaptar sus parámetros funcionales de acuerdo con la información generada. Imágenes reales capturadas en una línea de producción de lavadoras de ropa son presentadas y utilizadas para veri car y validar los algoritmos del sistema. Los resultados experimentales obtenidos demuestran un rendimiento robusto de la arquitectura, mejoras tangibles en la calidad de la imagen y un incremento de la efectividad de reconocimiento de los algoritmos de procesamiento posteriores. La contribución del presente trabajo consiste en la implementación de un algoritmo dinámico de reconocimiento de escenarios, basado en una arquitectura de red neuronal y en un proceso de extracción de parámetros, que permite la ejecución de estrategias de corrección de calidad y es capaz de considerar la historia del sistema con el objectivo de auto-adaptarse. Con este proyecto se pretende incursionar en el campo del control de calidad automatizado enfocando un abordaje novedoso en sistemas de pre-procesamiento adaptativo con propósitos de mejoramiento de imagen.

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Goutondji, Leopoldine E. S. Abul. "Preventing water pollution by dairy by-products risk assessment and comparison of legislation in Benin and South Africa /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10302008-165039/.

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Mussa, Dinna Mathemi. "High pressure processing of milk and muscle foods : evaluation of process kinetics, safety and quality changes." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35473.

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High pressure (HP) kinetics of the microbial destruction and changes in the physicochemical characteristics of milk and pork were studied. Raw milk samples containing indigenous microflora of approximately 106 CFU/mL were heat sealed in dual peel sterilization pouches and subjected to HP treatment from 150--400 MPa with holding times ranging 5--120 min. The kinetic parameters (rate constant, k and decimal reduction time, D) for the microorganisms, alkaline phosphatase, color and viscosity were evaluated, based on first order kinetics and the pressure dependence of kinetic parameters was evaluated using pressure destruction time (PDT) and Arrhenius models. Kinetic data was well described by the first order model (R 2 > 0.90).
The application of pressure pulse was explored for pressure destruction of microorganisms as well as changes in physical-chemical characteristics of pork chops. Pork chops (2 days post-rigor) were subjected to HP treatment from 200--350 MPa for 0--120 min. Results showed that pressure changes of pork variables followed a dual effect consisting of an instantaneous pressure kill (IPK) with the application of pressure pulse (no holding) and a subsequent first order rate of destruction during the pressure hold time. The IPK values were pressure dependent and increased with pressure level. Parameters k and D indicated a higher rate of pressure destruction of microorganisms compared to quality attributes.
Kinetics of pressure destruction of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A were studied in relation to those of indigenous microorganism of milk and pork. The IPK was more pronounced with L. monocytogenes than with indigenous microflora. However, the kinetic parameters (k and D values) indicated a larger pressure resistance for L. monoctyogenes. HP processes were developed based on the standard plate count (SPC) kinetic data for indigenous microflora of milk as well as L. monocytogenes in milk and pork. The results showed that SPC kinetics permitted good estimation of microbial destruction in low pressure-lethality processes of milk and pork but its application at higher pressure-lethality levels were inaccurate. On the other hand, processes established based an destruction of L. monocytogenes were more predictable. Pressure pulse application to microbial lethality was also well predicted.
The shelf-life of milk and pork increased with the level of applied pressure lethality, but Q10 values suggested that low storage temperature was nevertheless required to control microbial growth and maintain quality. Storage of HP treated park offered some improvement in the texture but resulted in large color changes and drip losses. L. monocytogenes were not detected in any of the stored milk samples HP treated to achieve a lethality ≥10D.

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Wad, Charudatta V. "QoS : quality driven data abstraction for large databases." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-020508-151213/.

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Yang, Jr-Syu. "Laser/optical fiber phased array generation of ultrasound for quality control of manufacturing processes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17286.

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Huang, Shiping. "Exploratory visualization of data with variable quality." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-01115-225546/.

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XU, HUAN. "IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEINS FACILITATING SP-C PROCESSING AND THE QUALITY CONTROL RECEPTOR SP-C." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1108342411.

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Книги з теми "Dairy processing Quality control"

C, Chandan Ramesh, Kilara Arun, and Shah Nagendra P, eds. Dairy processing and quality assurance. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub., 2008.

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Griffiths, Mansel. Improving the safety and quality of milk: Improving quality in milk products. Oxford: Woodhead Pub., 2010.

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Smit, Gerrit. Dairy processing: Improving quality. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2003.

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Gerrit, Smit, ed. Dairy processing: Improving quality. Cambridge: Woodhead, 2003.

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Chandan, Ramesh C., ed. Dairy Processing & Quality Assurance. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780813804033.

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Chandan, Ramesh C., Arun Kilara, and Nagendra P. Shah, eds. Dairy Processing and Quality Assurance. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118810279.

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Radiographic processing & quality control. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1988.

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Computerized quality control. 2nd ed. New York: Ellis Horwood, 1990.

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Citrus processing: Quality control and technology. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.

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Quality control in automation. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1985.

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Частини книг з теми "Dairy processing Quality control"

Mucchetti, Germano, and Angelo V. Zambrini. "Milk Quality and Processing." In Advances in Dairy Products, 1–20. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118906460.ch1a.

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Chandan, Ramesh C., and Arun Kilara. "Dairy-Based Ingredients." In Dairy Processing and Quality Assurance, 197–219. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118810279.ch08.

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Kimball, Dan A. "Quality Control." In Citrus Processing, 141–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4973-4_5.

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Olson, Douglas, and Kayanush J. Aryana. "Ingredients in Dairy Products." In Dairy Processing & Quality Assurance, 189–202. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780813804033.ch8.

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Mostert, J. Ferdie, and Peter J. Jooste. "Quality Control in the Dairy Industry." In Dairy Microbiology Handbook, 655–736. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471723959.ch14.

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Altomonte, Iolanda, Federica Salari, and Mina Martini. "Milk fat components and milk quality." In Microbiology in Dairy Processing, 1–10. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd and the Institute of Food Technologists, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119115007.ch1.

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Kimball, Dan. "Quality Control Statistics." In Citrus Processing, 371–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3700-3_23.

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Kimball, Dan. "Quality Control Management." In Citrus Processing, 388–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3700-3_24.

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Poltronieri, Palmiro, and Franca Rossi. "Stabilization of milk quality by heat treatments." In Microbiology in Dairy Processing, 63–69. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd and the Institute of Food Technologists, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119115007.ch4.

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Chandan, Ramesh C., and Arun Kilara. "Puddings and Dairy-Based Desserts." In Dairy Processing and Quality Assurance, 397–427. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118810279.ch17.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Dairy processing Quality control"

Hoke, John L., John G. Georgiadis, and Rafael Jimenez-Flores. "Freezing of Aqueous Solutions of Glycosylated Bovine Beta-Casein." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0813.

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Abstract Genetic engineering of milk proteins allows control of their physicochemical properties in foods and dairy products during processing, storage, and consumption. Robust methods for the estimation of the quality and function of the proteins during downstream processing are sought. The focus of this study is a systematic microscopic investigation of the freezing of sub-microliter pendent droplets of buffer solution of glycosylated bovine beta-casein. The freezing and crystallization is observed with a scanning confocal microscope fitted with a stage cooled with vapor boiled off a liquid nitrogen dewar. Four liquid samples (with glycosylated bovine beta-casein concentrations of 35, 125, 500, and 1000 μg/ml) are compared against the control (10 mg/ml of wild type non-glycosylated bovine beta-casein). The freezing of similar size samples consisting of de-ionized water, ice-nucleating mixture (Pseudomonas syringae), and pure buffer solution is also examined for comparison. Higher concentrations of the engineered-beta casein result in increasing antifreeze action, corresponding to depression of the freezing point, and thermal stabilization of the supercooled liquid. This conclusion is supported by a non-parametric statistical analysis based on the Jonckheere test. A freezing point assay can thus be made to assess the quality of glyco-bovine beta-casein.

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Quan, Congna, and Huifeng Zhao. "Study on Countermeasures to Dairy Supply Chain Quality Security Control." In 2012 4th International Conference on Multimedia Information Networking and Security (MINES). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mines.2012.208.

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Qiang, Shen, Hou Yun-xian, Lu Xian-glin, Hu Xiao-jing, and Huang Ling-ling. "Study on the quality-control mechanism of dairy supply chain for Single Moral Hazard." In 2010 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2010.5719832.

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James W Morris, Northrop Jere, Pagano Steve, and Bloom George. "Dairy Farm Atmospheric Emissions Control Using a Microaerobic Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Process." In International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture, 16-19 September 2007, Broomfield, Colorado. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23918.

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Feng Tian. "A quality and safety control system for China's dairy supply chain based on HACCP & GS1." In 2016 13th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2016.7538465.

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van Harten, Louis D., Jelmer M. Wolterink, Joost J. C. Verhoeff, and Ivana Išgum. "Automatic online quality control of synthetic CTs." In Image Processing, edited by Bennett A. Landman and Ivana Išgum. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2549286.

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Mahiout, Said, Vladislav Torlov, Mohamed Gouda, and Ahmed Abouzaid. "High Resolution Acoustic Analysis for Improved Formation Evaluation of Carbonate and Clastic Reservoirs." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211603-ms.

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Abstract Developing new interpretation methods in line with new technology measurements to improve reservoir characterization becomes a must to overcome the challenges that petrophysicists are facing on a daily basis, among others, thinly bedded reservoirs. The standard acoustic logs vertical resolution (VR) is oftentimes insufficient to resolve the Formation features. In the case of laminated thin beds (LTB), conventional petrophysical characterization has often delivered results, such as hydrocarbon saturation, affected by uncertainties. The main objective of this work is to develop a methodology, and to reliably integrate high-resolution acoustic processing outputs into the Formation evaluation (FE) routines, including the quality controls to identify and remove artifacts and ultimately enhance the accuracy of reservoir characterization. The approach used in this study is based on the high-resolution acoustic slowness analysis. The measurement standard VR of the acoustic array measurement is determined by the array aperture (the length of the receiver’s array section; generally 3.5 ft), which tends to obscure features that are thinner than the aperture length. The configuration of the highest resolution is 0.5 ft aperture subarray combination, which considers only two receiver levels in the subarray, i.e., single Rx-Rx spacing. The processing has limitations, inherent to physics; one of them is the "Validity condition". The high-resolution acoustic slowness methodology cannot be applied to acoustic waveform arrivals with very long wavelengths. The subarray aperture should be greater than a quarter wavelength of the wave being used. In addition, as increasing the resolution goes hand in hand with decreasing the number of waveforms, the signal-to-noise ratio decreases. There are several quality control and consistency check workflows to be introduced in this study, which will help in differentiating between the real high-resolution acoustic slowness data and any encountered processing artifacts. These analyses will enable the right evaluation strategy that will enhance the accuracy of FE. Examples highlighting the value of high-resolution acoustic processing/analysis for both carbonate and clastic reservoirs evaluation are provided in the paper. Finally, this approach will evaluate the potential added value to the FE of the heterogeneous reservoirs. We propose workflows in various Formations and borehole settings to demonstrate that with the aid of enhanced VR acoustic data, the log interpretation becomes more representative of the actual subsurface. The resulting sonic profiles show better consistency with other log responses of similar resolution. These workflows then can be used on a more regular basis, especially in complex situations.

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Ranga, Ioan-Nicolae. "STATISTICAL PROCESSING AND SENSORY ANALYSIS USED IN ORDER TO OBTAIN THE ACID DAIRY PRODUCTS WITH SUPERIOR QUALITY." In 13th SGEM GeoConference NANO, BIO AND GREEN � TECHNOLOGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bf6/s25.024.

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Eriksson, Klas. "Subsea Processing : Oil/Water Quality Control." In Offshore Technology Conference-Asia. Offshore Technology Conference, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/24689-ms.

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Shen, Qiang, Yun-xian Hou, and Xian-glin Lu. "Study on the quality-control mechanism of dairy supply chain —Based on External Lose Sharing model." In 2010 International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering (FITME). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fitme.2010.5655829.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Dairy processing Quality control"

Baumgartner, W. V., A. W. Endres, and S. R. Reese. Quality control program for the Hanford External Dosimetry thermoluminescent processing system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7262866.

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Chu, C. W., and K. Salama. Materials, Processing and Quality Control for High Performance Coated High Temperature Superconducting Conductors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430184.

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Chu, C. W. Materials, Processing and Quality Control for High Performance Coated High Temperature Superconducting Conductors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada473427.

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Hansen, Peter J., and Zvi Roth. Use of Oocyte and Embryo Survival Factors to Enhance Fertility of Heat-stressed Dairy Cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697105.bard.

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The overall goal was to identify survival factors that can improve pregnancy success following insemination or embryo transfer in lactating dairy cows exposed to heat stress. First, we demonstrated that oocytes are actually damaged by elevated temperature in the summer. Then we tested two thermoprotective molecules for their effect on oocyte damage caused by heat shock. One molecule, ceramide was not thermoprptective. Another, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF) reduced the effects of heat shock on oocyte apoptosis and oocyte cleavage when added during maturation. We also used lactating cows exposed to heat stress to determine whether bovine somatotropin (bST), which increases IGF1 levels in vivo, would improve fertility in summer. Cows treated with bST received a single injection at 3 days before insemination. Controls received no additional treatment. Treatment with bST did not significantly increase the proportion of inseminated cows diagnosed pregnant although it was numerically greater for the bST group (24.2% vs 17.8%, 124–132 cows per group). There was a tendency (p =0.10) for a smaller percent of control cows to have high plasma progesterone concentrations (≥ 1 ng/ml) at Day 7 after insemination than for bST-treated cows (72.6 vs 81.1%). When only cows that were successfully synchronized were considered, the magnitude of the absolute difference in the percentage of inseminated cows that were diagnosed pregnant between bST and control cows was reduced (24.8 vs 22.4% pregnant for bST and control). Results failed to indicate a beneficial effect of bST treatment on fertility of lactating dairy cows. In another experiment, we found a tendency for addition of IGF1 to embryo culture medium to improve embryonic survival after embryo transfer when the experiment was done during heat stress but not when the experiment was done in the absence of heat stress. Another molecule tested, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; also called colony-stimulating factor-2), improved embryonic survival in the absence of heat stress. We also examined whether heat shock affects the sperm cell. There was no effect of heat shock on sperm apoptosis (programmed cell death) or on sperm fertilizing ability. Therefore, effects of heat shock on sperm function after ejaculation if minimal. However, there were seasonal changes in sperm characteristics that indicates that some of the decrease in dairy cow fertility during the summer in Israel is due to using semen of inferior quality. Semen was collected from five representative bulls throughout the summer (August and September) and winter (December and January). There were seasonal differences in ion concentration in seminal plasma and in the mRNA for various ion channels known to be involved in acrosome reactions. Furthermore, the proportion of sperm cells with damaged acrosomes was higher in post-thaw semen collected in the summer than in its counterpart collected in winter (54.2 ± 3.5% vs. 51.4 ± 1.9%, respectively; P < 0.08Further examination is required to determine whether such alterations are involved in the low summer fertility of dairy cows.

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Bhatt, Parth, Curtis Edson, and Ann MacLean. Image Processing in Dense Forest Areas using Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). Michigan Technological University, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.michigantech-p/16366.

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Imagery collected via Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) platforms has become popular in recent years due to improvements in a Digital Single-Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera (centimeter and sub-centimeter), lower operation costs as compared to human piloted aircraft, and the ability to collect data over areas with limited ground access. Many different application (e.g., forestry, agriculture, geology, archaeology) are already using and utilizing the advantages of UAS data. Although, there are numerous UAS image processing workflows, for each application the approach can be different. In this study, we developed a processing workflow of UAS imagery collected in a dense forest (e.g., coniferous/deciduous forest and contiguous wetlands) area allowing users to process large datasets with acceptable mosaicking and georeferencing errors. Imagery was acquired with near-infrared (NIR) and red, green, blue (RGB) cameras with no ground control points. Image quality of two different UAS collection platforms were observed. Agisoft Metashape, a photogrammetric suite, which uses SfM (Structure from Motion) techniques, was used to process the imagery. The results showed that an UAS having a consumer grade Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) onboard had better image alignment than an UAS with lower quality GNSS.

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Rouseff, Russell L., and Michael Naim. Characterization of Unidentified Potent Flavor Changes during Processing and Storage of Orange and Grapefruit Juices. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585191.bard.

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Citrus juice flavor quality traditionally diminishes after thermal processing and continuously during storage. Our prior studies found that four of the five most potent off-aromas formed during orange juice storage had not been identified. The primary emphasis of this project was to characterize and identify those potent flavor degrading aroma volatiles so that methods to control them could be developed and final flavor quality improved. Our original objectives included: 1 Isolate and characterize the most important unidentified aroma impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization and storage. 2. Determination of thiamine and carotenoid thermal decomposition and Strecker degradation pathways in model solutions as possible precursors for the unidentified off-flavors. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of an "electronic nose" to differentiate the headspace aromas of from untreated and heat pasteurized orange and grapefruit juices. 4. Use model systems of citrus juices to investigate the three possible precursor pathways (from 2) for flavor impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization or storage. RESULTS - The components responsible for citrus storage off flavors and their putative precursors have now been identified. Certain carotenoids (b-carotene) can thermally degrade to produce b-ionone and b-damascenone which are floral and tobacco smelling respectively. Our GC-O and sensory experiments indicated that b-damascenone is a potential storage off-flavor in orange juice. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) degradation produces 2-methyl-3-furan thiol, MFT, and its dimer bis(2- methyl-3-furyl) disulfide which both produce meaty, savory aromas. GC-O and sensory studies indicated that MFT is another storage off-flavor. Methional (potato aroma) is another off flavor produced primarily from the reaction of the native amino acid, methionine, and oxidized ascorbic acid (vitamin C). This is a newly discovered pathway for the production of methional and is more dominant in juices than the classic Maillard reaction. These newly identified off flavors diminish the flavor quality of citrus juices as they distort the flavor balance and introduce non-typical aromas to the juice flavor profile. In addition, we have demonstrated that some of the poor flavor quality citrus juice found in the market place is not only from the production of these and other off flavors but also due to the absence of desirable flavor components including several potent aldehydes and a few esters. The absence of these compounds appears to be due to incomplete flavor volatile restoration after the making of juice concentrates. We are the first to demonstrate that not all flavor volatiles are removed along with water in the production of juice concentrate. In the case of grapefruit juice we have documented which flavor volatiles are completely removed, which are partially removed and which actually increase because of the thermal process. Since more that half of all citrus juices is made into concentrate, this information will allow producers to more accurately restore the original flavor components and produce a juice with a more natural flavor. IMPLICATIONS - We have shown that the aroma of citrus juices is controlled by only 1-2% of the total volatiles. The vast majority of other volatiles have little to no direct aroma activity. The critical volatiles have now been identified. The ability to produce high quality citrus juices requires that manufacturers know which chemical components control aroma and flavor. In addition to identifying the critical flavor components (both positive and negative), we have also identified several precursors. The behavior of these key aroma compounds and their precursors during common manufacturing and storage conditions has been documented so manufacturers in Israel and the US can alter production practices to minimize the negative ones and maximize the positive ones.

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Apiyo, Eric, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Improving Pharmacovigilliance Quality Management System in the Pharmacy and Poisions Board of Kenya. Purdue University, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317444.

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The purpose of this study was to explore ways of improving the pharmacovigilance quality system employed by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board of Kenya. The Pharmacy and Poisons Board of Kenya employs a hybrid system of pharmacovigilance that utilizes an online system of reporting pharmacovigilance incidences and a physical system, where a yellow book is physically filled by the healthcare worker and sent to the Pharmacy and Poisons Board for onward processing. This system, even though it has been relatively effective compared to other systems employed in Africa, has one major flaw. It is a slow and delayed system that captures the data much later after the fact and the agency will always be behind the curve in controlling the adverse incidents and events. This means that the incidences might continue to arise or go out of control. This project attempts to develop a system that would be more proactive in the collection of pharmacovigilance data and more predictive of pharmacovigilance incidences. The pharmacovigilance system should have the capacity to detect and analyze subtle changes in reporting frequencies and in patterns of clinical symptoms and signs that are reported as suspected adverse drug reactions. The method involved carrying out a thorough literature review of the latest trends in pharmacovigilance employed by different regulatory agencies across the world, especially the more stringent regulatory authorities. A review of the system employed by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board of Kenya was also done. Pharmacovigilance data, both primary and secondary, were collected and reviewed. Media reports on adverse drug reactions and poor-quality medicines over the period were also collected and reviewed. An appropriate predictive pharmacovigilance tool was also researched and identified. It was found that the Pharmacy and Poisons Board had a robust system of collecting historical pharmacovigilance data both from the healthcare workers and the general public. However, a more responsive data collection and evaluation system is proposed that will help the agency achieve its pharmacovigilance objectives. On analysis of the data it was found that just above half of all the product complaints, about 55%, involved poor quality medicines; 15% poor performance, 13% presentation, 8% adverse drug reactions, 7% market authorization, 2% expired drugs and 1% adulteration complaints. A regulatory pharmacovigilance prioritization tool was identified, employing a risk impact analysis was proposed for regulatory action.

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Zamir, Dani, and Steven Tanksley. Fine Mapping and Genetic Interactions of Nearly-Isogenic Allelic Series Representing Yield and Quality QTLs Derived from Wild Tomato Species. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586460.bard.

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Wild germplasm represents a rich source of QTLs capable of enhancing productivity of crop plants. Using the molecular linkage map of tomato in conjunction with novel population structures, we have identified QTLs from five Lycopersicon species that improve key yield and quality associated traits of processing tomatoes. In this research we employed multi-testing sites for fine mapping analysis of the different components of the affected traits combined with genetic interaction studies. Our results demonstrate that 'exotic libraries', which comprise of marker-defined genomic regions taken from wild species and introgressed onto the background of elite crop lines, provide an important opportunity for improving of the agricultural performance of modem crop varieties. Furthermore, we showed that these genetic resources can also serve as reagents for the discovery and characterization of genes that underlie traits of agricultural value. The results set the stage for using the QTLs in marker assisted programs and for applying map-based cloning of the targeted QTL/genes. The cloning of QTLs revealed genes that control pathways for agricultural yield in tomato that may be common for other crop species.

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Provenza, Frederick, Avi Perevolotsky, and Nissim Silanikove. Consumption of Tannin-Rich Forage by Ruminants: From Mechanism to Improved Performance. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695840.bard.

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Trees and shrubs are potentially important sources of food for livestock in many parts of the world, but their use is limited by tannins. Tannins reduce food intake by decreasing digestibility or by causing illness. Supplementing cattle, sheep, and goats with polyethylene glycol (PEG), which has a high affinity for binding tannins and thus attenuating their aversive effects, increases intake of high-tannin foods and improves weight gains and wool growth. The objectives of this proposal were: Objective 1: To further delineate the conditions under which PEG affects intake of high-tannin foods. Objective 2: To ascertain if animals self-regulate intake of PEG in accord with the tannin content of their diet under pen, paddock, and field conditions. Objective 3: To determine how nutritional status and PEG supplementation affect preference for foods varying in nutrients and tannins. Objective 4: To assess the effects of PEG on food selection, intake, and livestock performance in different production systems. The results from this research show that supplementing livestock with low doses of PEG increases intake of high-tannin foods and improves performance of cattle, sheep, and goats. Neutralizing the effects of tannins with supplemental PEG promotes the use of woody species usually considered useless as forage resources. Supplementing animals with PEG has the potential to improve the profitability - mainly milk production - of high-yielding dairy goats fed high-quality foods and supplemented with browse in Mediterranean areas. However, its contribution to production systems utilizing low-yielding goats is limited. Our findings also support the notion that supplemental PEG enhances the ability of livestock to control shrub encroachment and to maintain firebreaks. However, our work also suggests that the effectiveness of supplemental PEG may be low if alternative forages are equal or superior in nutritional quality and contain fewer metabolites with adverse effects.

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