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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Cyclopropane"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Cyclopropane"

Craig, Alexander J., та Bill C. Hawkins. "The Bonding and Reactivity of α-Carbonyl Cyclopropanes". Synthesis 52, № 01 (1 жовтня 2019): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690695.

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The cyclopropane functionality has been exploited in a myriad of settings that range from total synthesis and methodological chemistry, to medical and materials science. While it has been seen in such a breadth of settings, the typical view of the cyclopropane moiety is that its reactivity is derived primarily from the release of ring strain. While this simplified view is a useful shorthand, it ignores the specific nature of cyclopropyl molecular orbitals. This review aims to present the different facets of cyclopropane bonding by examining the main models that have been used to explain the reactivity of the functionality over the years. However, even with advanced theory, being able to precisely predict the reactivity of an exact system is nigh impossible. Specifically chosen, carbonyl-bearing cyclopropyl species act as so-called acceptor cyclopropanes and, if correctly derivatised, donor–acceptor cyclopropanes. By undertaking a case study of the history of carbonyl cyclopropanes in organic synthesis, this review highlights the relationship between the understanding of theory and pattern recognition in developing new synthetic methods and showcases those successful in balancing this critical junction.1 Cyclopropanes2 The Strain Model3 The Forster–Coulsin–Moffit Model4 The Walsh Model5 Acceptor, Donor, and Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes6 Reactions of Carbonyl Cyclopropanes

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Dent, BR, B. Halton, and AMF Smith. "Synthesis and Trapping of Some Reactive Cyclopropenes." Australian Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 10 (1986): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9861621.

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Commencing with 1,1,2-tribromo-2-trimethylsilylcyclopropane (1d), 1,2- dibromo -and 1-bromo-2-trimethylsilyl-cyclopropene (2d) and (6) are easily prepared. These reactive cyclopropenes decompose on standing at ambient temperature but can be trapped in situ as Diels-Alder adducts (4) and (5). Furthermore, 1,2-bis( trimethylsilyl )- and 1- trimethylsilyl-cyclopropene (8) and (9) can be prepared from cyclopropane (1d) via the bromo - and lithio-trimethylsilylcyclopropenes (6) and (7) in a 'one-pot' procedure and trapped as adducts (4e,f) respectively.

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Gemoets, J. P., M. Bravo, C. E. McKenna, G. J. Leigh, and B. E. Smith. "Reduction of cyclopropene by NifV- and wild-type nitrogenases from Klebsiella pneumoniae." Biochemical Journal 258, no. 2 (March 1, 1989): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2580487.

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The nitrogenase from wild-type Klebsiella pneumoniae reduces cyclopropene to cyclopropane and propene in the ratio 1:2 at pH 7.5. We show in this paper that the nitrogenase from a nifV mutant of K. pneumoniae also reduces cyclopropene to cyclopropane and propene, but the ratio of products is now 1:1.4. However, both nitrogenases exhibit the same Km for cyclopropene (2.1 x 10(4) +/- 0.2 x 10(4) Pa), considerably more than the Km for the analogous reaction with Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase under the same conditions (5.1 x 10(3) Pa). Analysis of the data shows that the different product ratio arises from the slower production of propene compared with cyclopropane by the mutant nitrogenase. During turnover, both nitrogenases use a large proportion of the electron flux for H2 production. CO inhibits the reduction of cyclopropene by both K. pneumoniae proteins, but the mutant nitrogenase exhibits 50% inhibition at approx. 10 Pa, whereas the corresponding value for the wild-type nitrogenase is approx. 110 Pa. However, H2 evolution by the mutant enzyme is much less affected than is cyclopropene reduction. CO inhibition of cyclopropene reduction by the nitrogenases coincides with a relative increase in H2 evolution, so that in the wild-type (but not the mutant) the electron flux is approximately maintained. The cyclopropane/propene production ratios are little affected by the presence of CO within the pressure ranges studied at least up to 50% inhibition.

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Kohout, Ladislav. "The synthesis of 5,6-cyclopropanocholestanes with oxygen functions in positions 3 and 7." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 2 (1986): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19860429.

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The Simmons-Smith methylenation of the double bond in 3β-acetoxycholest-5-en-7-ols takes place selectively under formation of an adduct the configuration of which is determined by the configuration of the 7-hydroxyl group: 7β-alcohol IV gave 5β,6β-cyclopropane derivative VI, 7α-alcohol V gave 5α,6α-cyclopropane derivative VIII. On photochemically initiated cyclization of 3β-acetoxy-B-homo-5-en-7a-one (XIII) we obtained the product with an α-cyclopropane ring exclusively, i.e. 3β-acetoxy-5,6α-cyclopropano-5α-cholestan-7-one (XII).

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Ben Hamadi, Naoufel, and Ahlem Guesmi. "Synthesis of New Spiro-Cyclopropanes Prepared by Non-Stabilized Diazoalkane Exhibiting an Extremely High Insecticidal Activity." Molecules 27, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 2470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082470.

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The synthesis of new insecticidal gem-dimethyspiro-cyclopropanes derived from pyrrolidine-2,3-dione have been described, and their biological effect against different insect species has been evaluated. The presented results demonstrate the excellent insecticidal activity of cyclopropane 5c against Aedes aegypti and Musca domestica. Cyclopropane 5c showed the quickest knockdown and the best killing against Aedes aegypti and Musca domestica compared to trans-chrysanthemic acid and pyrethrin. The biological results of the high insecticidal activity were confirmed by the results of docking. This is evident in the binding affinity obtained for cyclopropane 5c, indicating good binding with an important active amino acid residue of the 5FT3 protein.

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Singh, Satya Prakash, and Pompozhi Protasis Thankachan. "Hydroboration of Substituted Cyclopropane: A Density Functional Theory Study." Advances in Chemistry 2014 (August 18, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/427396.

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The hydroboration of substituted cyclopropanes has been investigated using the B3LYP density functional method employing 6-31G** basis set. Borane moiety approaching the cyclopropane ring has been reported. It is shown that the reaction proceeds via a three-centered, “loose” and “tight,” transition states when boron added to the cyclopropane across a bond to a substituents. Single point calculations at higher levels of theory were also performed at the geometries optimized at the B3LYP level, but only slight changes in the barriers were observed. Structural parameters for the transition state are also reported.

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Trudeau, Stéphane, and Pierre Deslongchamps. "Novel synthesis of a highly functionalized cyclopropane derivative." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 1003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-119.

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A model study was carried out to explore the feasibility of synthesizing fused tricyclic ring structures containing a C7C8 double bond juncture (steroid numbering) by employing an SN2' cyclization of a silyl enol ether to displace an allylic acetate as the key step. Instead of the anticipated product, highly functionalized cyclopropanes were obtained. These novel cyclopropane structures are the result of the concomitant 1,2-migration of a dithiane thioether moiety and the eventual displacement of the acetate group, followed by the cyclization of the silyl enol ether.Key words: tricycles, SN2' cyclization, inductive effect, cyclopropane.

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Fadeev, Alexander A., Alexey O. Chagarovskiy, Anton S. Makarov, Irina I. Levina, Olga A. Ivanova, Maxim G. Uchuskin, and Igor V. Trushkov. "Synthesis of (Het)aryl 2-(2-hydroxyaryl)cyclopropyl Ketones." Molecules 25, no. 23 (December 5, 2020): 5748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235748.

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A simple general method for the synthesis of 1-acyl-2-(ortho-hydroxyaryl)cyclopropanes, which belong to the donor–acceptor cyclopropane family, has been developed. This method, based on the Corey–Chaykovsky cyclopropanation of 2-hydroxychalcones, allows for the preparation of a large diversity of hydroxy-substituted cyclopropanes, which can serve as promising building blocks for the synthesis of various bioactive compounds.

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Ramnauth, Jailall, and Edward Lee-Ruff. "Photodecarbonylation of chiral cyclobutanones." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-060.

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Triplet photosensitized irradiation of 2(S),3(R)-bis[(benzoyloxy)methyl]cyclobutanone gave optically pure (−)E-1(S),2(S)-bis(benzoyloxymethyl)cyclopropane as a major product in the nonpolar fraction along with its stereoisomer and cycloelimination products. The absolute stereochemistry of the chiral cyclopropane was established by independent synthesis and X-ray crystal structure determination of a synthetic precursor. The distribution of decarbonylation and cycloelimination products was inversely dependent on the concentration of the substrate. Irradiation of the same ketone in tetrahydrofuran or benzene gave mostly cycloelimination products. Addition of Michler's ketone increased the ratio of photodecarbonylation, suggesting a triplet state pathway for this process. This was corroborated by the addition of dicyanoethylene, which showed significant quenching of photodecarbonylation. Irradiation of 2(S)-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]cyclobutane in acetone gave the corresponding cyclopropane as the principal product. Keywords: photodecarbonylation, chiral cyclopropanes, cyclobutanones, triplet sensitization.

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Finta, Zoltán, Zoltán Hell, Agnieszka Cwik, and László Tőke. "A Simple Synthesis of 1,1,2-tris-(Hydroxymethyl)-Cyclopropane and Its Dihalo Derivatives." Journal of Chemical Research 2002, no. 9 (September 2002): 459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823402103172653.

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The phase transfer catalytic cyclopropanation of the malonic ester of allylic alcohol or its 3,3-dibromo and 3,3-dichloro derivatives yields bicyclic cyclopropane carboxylic acid lactones; reduction of these lactones with LiAlH4 in boiling THF yields the appropriate 1,1,2-tris-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanes in satisfactory yield.

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Дисертації з теми "Cyclopropane"

Watson, Hayley. "Synthesis and reactivity of cyclopropanes and cyclopropenes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9032.

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Activated cyclopropanes have been extensively used in synthetic chemistry as precursors for cycloaddition reactions. The rationale behind this is their ability to undergo ring-opening when activated by a Lewis acid, this can be enhanced further by the presence of a carbocation stabilising group like electron-rich aromatics. The stabilised dipole formed after ring opening can be trapped with suitable electrophiles such as imines and aldehydes via a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. This results in the synthesis of pyrrolidines and tetrahydrofurans in excellent yields but moderate diastereoselectivity. Similarly, 6-membered heterocycles can be formed via a [3+3] cycloaddition reaction of activated cyclopropanes with nitrones. Now to extend the scope of the methodology, a [3+3] dipolar cycloaddition has been developed using activated 2,3 disubstituted cyclopropane diesters to access a range of highly functionalised oxazines in moderate to good yields (50-75%) and with reasonable diastereoselectivity. The use of activated symmetrical disubstituted cyclopropanes afforded the desired oxazines in a regio- and diastereocontrolled manner, while the use of unsymmetrical cyclopropanes significantly reduced the diastereoselectivity of the reaction. The stereochemistry outcome of the reaction developed was determined by nOe analyses and X-ray diffraction structures could be recorded in some examples. A new methodology has also been developed to gain access to novel N-heterocyclic- and phenol- substituted cyclopropanes in one step from the corresponding cyclopropene via a conjugated addition.

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Huber, Florian Anton Martin. "Stereocontrolled cyclopropane synthesis." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297672.

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Pedersen, Daniel Sejer. "Asymmetric cyclopropane synthesis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613762.

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Licence, Peter. "Synthetic studies in cyclopropane chemistry." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364988.

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Thomas, Stephen Patrick. "Phosphorus mediated asymmetric cyclopropane synthesis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613118.

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Glen, Anthony D. "Synthetic studies on cyclopropane fatty acids." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386040.

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Phun, Lien Hoang. "Innovative approaches to carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds using strained carbocycles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47542.

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Natural products and small molecules play a major role in drug development. However, using natural products as a source of medicine comes with many challenges, such as lack of natural abundance and difficulty in isolation. Consequently, synthetic organic chemistry is a solution in order to access these compounds in usable quantities. However, synthetic chemisty comes with its own challenges such as efficiency, chemoselectivity, stereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. Therefore, synthetic tools that addresses these challenges are required solve these limitations. This thesis discusses new methodologies using strained carbocycles (cyclopropanes and cyclopropenes) as the reactive subunit for the construction of different carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds. The homo-Nazarov cyclization of alkenyl and heteroaryl cyclopropyl ketones was used in order to construct cyclohexenones, cyclohexenols, heteroaryl ring-fused cyclohexenones, dihydrofurans, furans and furanones in a mild and efficient manner. Benzofused heteroaromatic compounds were achieved via the Lewis acid-catalyzed cycloisomerization of cyclopropene-3,3-dicarbonyls and furan-3-carboxylates. These heteroaromatic compounds can be applied to medicinal chemistry and material science.

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Walther, Stefan. "Cyclopropane als Edukte zur Synthese von Calicenen /." [S.l : s.n.], 1985. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Tarwade, Vinod. "Directed carbozincation reactions of cyclopropene derivatives." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 210 p, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1993336541&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Yan, Ni. "Stereoselective carbometallation reactions of cyclopropenes." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 207 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456289621&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Книги з теми "Cyclopropane"

Boche, G. Cyclopropane derived reactive intermediates. Chichester: Wiley, 1990.

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Boche, Gernot. Cyclopropane derived reactive intermediates. Chichester: Wiley, 1990.

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Boche, G., and H. M. Walborsky, eds. Cyclopropane Derived Reactive Intermediates (1990). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470772409.

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A, Svi͡a︡tkin V., and Nefedov O. M, eds. Stroenie proizvodnykh t͡s︡iklopropana. Moskva: "Nauka", 1986.

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Rush, Stephen Howard. Palladium(II)-catalysed polymerisation of 3,3-disubtituted cyclopropenes. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1996.

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Kulinkovich, Oleg G. Cyclopropanes in organic synthesis. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015.

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Zvi, Rappoport, ed. The chemistry of the cyclopropyl group. Chichester: Wiley, 1987.

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Zvi, Rappoport, ed. The Chemistry of the cyclopropyl group. Chichester: Wiley, 1995.

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Netherlands. Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter Vaststelling van MAC-Waarden. Enflurane, isoflurane, and cyclopropane: Health based recommended occupational exposure limits : report of the Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards, a committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands. Den Haag: Health Council of the Netherlands, 1998.

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Kulinkovich, Oleg G. Cyclopropanes in Organic Synthesis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118978429.

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Частини книг з теми "Cyclopropane"

Hirota, E., K. Kuchitsu, T. Steimle, J. Vogt, and N. Vogt. "32 C3H6 Cyclopropane." In Molecules Containing Three or Four Carbon Atoms and Molecules Containing Five or More Carbon Atoms, 62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41504-3_33.

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Cabaco, M. I., M. Besnard, M. C. Bellissent-Funel, Y. Guissani, and B. Guillot. "Structure of Liquid Cyclopropane." In Molecular Liquids: New Perspectives in Physics and Chemistry, 513–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2832-2_28.

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Demaison, J. "456 C4H7Cl (Chloromethyl)cyclopropane." In Asymmetric Top Molecules. Part 2, 357. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10400-8_204.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase." In Enzyme Handbook 11, 337–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61030-1_76.

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Winkelmann, J. "Diffusion of helium (1); cyclopropane (2)." In Gases in Gases, Liquids and their Mixtures, 378. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49718-9_187.

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Winkelmann, J. "Diffusion of helium (1); cyclopropane (2)." In Gases in Gases, Liquids and their Mixtures, 618. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49718-9_356.

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Winkelmann, J. "Diffusion of cyclopropane (1); air (2)." In Gases in Gases, Liquids and their Mixtures, 928. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49718-9_630.

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Bamforth, Betty J. "Cyclopropane Anesthesia: Its Introduction at Wisconsin." In Anaesthesia, 271–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69636-7_58.

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Demaison, J. "65 C3H6Ar Cyclopropane – argon (1/1)." In Symmetric Top Molecules, 147. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47532-3_67.

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Demaison, J. "66 C3H6Kr Cyclopropane – krypton (1/1)." In Symmetric Top Molecules, 148–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47532-3_68.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Cyclopropane"

Kostić, Marina D., Jovana S. Marjanović, Sven Mangelinckx, and Vera M. Divac. "In silico Drug-Likeness, Pharmacokinetic and other ADME properties of 2- (aminomethyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid." In 2nd International Conference on Chemo and Bioinformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi23.455k.

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Herein we present the results of in silico determination of Drug-Likeness, Pharmacokinetic and other ADME properties of 2-(aminomethyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid as an example constrained γ-amino dicarboxylic acid. The results of in silico screening of drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic and other ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination) properties of 2-(aminomethyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid have revealed that this compound is not able to cross the blood-brain barrier, but it shows good solubility and gastrointestinal absorption. The possible target screening has indicated the family C G protein-coupled receptors as the most probable physiological targets. More specifically, the 2-(aminomethyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid has the highest structural similarity with the known compounds that act on metabotropic glutamate receptor, excitatory amino acid transporter and betaine transporter. Taking all the above into consideration, it can be concluded that our investigated compound could be considered as a candidate molecule for further structural transformations that could enable better pharmacological performance and physiochemical properties.

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Irzooqi, Wisam Shareef, Riyam H. Ali, and Hamid Ibrahim Abbood. "Density functional theory calculations for pure 3 cyclopropane and 3 cyclopropane-Ag, Al, C, Au, P and Y interactions." In PHYSICAL MESOMECHANICS OF CONDENSED MATTER: Physical Principles of Multiscale Structure Formation and the Mechanisms of Nonlinear Behavior: MESO2022. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0157093.

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Kostić, Marina, Vera Divac, and Sven Mangelinckx. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PALLADIUM (II)–2- (AZIDOMETHYL)CYCLOPROPANE-1,1-DICARBOXYLIC ACID COMPLEX." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.297k.

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The discovery that palladium complexes possess a wide range of biological activities (from antitumor, -viral, -malarial, -fungal to antimicrobial activities) encourages further research in this scientific field. Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of a novel palladium (II) complex, using [Pd(dien)Cl]Cl and 2-(azidomethyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid (azmcpda) as a ligand. [Pd(dien)Cl]Cl was selected as a starting material taking into consideration its importance as a model for the investigation of the substitution reactions in coordination chemistry and a deeper understanding of the biological activities of some structurally similar compounds. The ligand compound was synthesized by the procedure described in the literature. It is noteworthy to mention that 2- (azidomethyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid presents the precursor for the synthesis of 2- (aminomethyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid, as an example of the constrained γ-amino dicarboxylic acids. The synthesis was achieved by the conversion of the ligand compound into the corresponding sodium dicarboxylate salt and subsequent treatment with [Pd(dien)Cl]Cl (pH maintained between 6-7). The IR and NMR spectra, as well as elemental analysis have confirmed that the Na[Pd(dien)(azmcpda)]. H2O species was formed and that coordination of the ligand compound to the metal ion was established through carboxylate oxygen donor atom.

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Kostić, Marina, Vera M. Divac, Sven Mangelinckx, and Jovana S. Marjanović. "BSA binding of 2-(aminomethyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid." In 2nd International Conference on Chemo and Bioinformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi23.459k.

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Herein, we present the results of the study devoted to the exploration of BSA binding of 2-(aminomethyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid, as an example of constrained γ-amino dicarboxylic acid, and, taking into consideration that the effectiveness of a potential drug depends on its ability to bind to a protein carrier and in that way enable transfer through the blood stream. For the investigation of binding properties, we used the fluorescence emission titration of BSA with a synthesized compound. Considering that the BSA solution shows an intensive fluorescence emission around 360 nm, a decrease in emission intensity at λ = 366 nm with the addition of a solution of 2-(aminomethyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid indicated the binding of the tested compound. According to the results obtained, our compound binds to the BSA in a molar ratio 1:1 (n ≈ 1). The optimal values of binding constant Ka are between 104 and 106 M−1, which indicates to us that the Ka value of the tested compound is in the favorable range.

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Hou, Shanshan, Yuanzhang Zhou, Wei Lu, Jiaqian Han, Ziwei Zhang, and Shan Xu. "Synthesis of 3-(4-aminophenyl) cyclopropane-1, 1,2,2-tetracarbonitrile." In 2016 4th International Conference on Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mmme-16.2016.92.

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Marin-Luna, Marta, Belen Martinez-Gualda, Mateo Alajarin, and Angel Vidal. "Exploring cyclopropane-heterocumulene [3 + 2] intramolecular cycloadditions on ortho-benzylydene scaffolds." In The 17th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-17-a024.

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Zhou, Zhihui, Yiling Zhang, Jie He, Jianqing Zhang, Qinrong Jiang, and Shan Xu. "Synthesis of N-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl) cyclopropane-1-carboxamide." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIERS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING (FBSE 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0048414.

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Wood, Samuel, Robert McMahon, R. Woods, Brian Esselman, and Samuel Kougias. "PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF CYANOMETHYLENE CYCLOPROPANE (C5H5N) IN A LOW TEMPERATURE RARE GAS MATRIX." In 2022 International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2022.tj08.

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Wood, Samuel, and Robert McMahon. "PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF (CYANOMETHYLENE)CYCLOPROPANE (C5H5N) IN A LOW TEMPERATURE RARE GAS MATRIX." In 2023 International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2023.6884.

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Takahashi, K., and S. Tarutani. "Novel charge-transfer complexes derived from 1,2-bis-benzoquino)-3-(dicyanomenfyleneselenienoquino)cyclopropane derivative and TTF or TTT with metallic behavior." In International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stsm.1994.835456.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Cyclopropane"

Pesis, Edna, and Mikal Saltveit. Postharvest Delay of Fruit Ripening by Metabolites of Anaerobic Respiration: Acetaldehyde and Ethanol. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604923.bard.

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The use of pretreatments for 24 h prior to storage, under anaerobic condtions, or in the presence of the natural metabolic products, acetaldehyde (AA) and ethanol, to delay fruit ripening, was found to be effective with several climacteric fruits, among them avocado, mango, peach and tomato. The delay in ripening of avocado, peach and tomato was accompanied by inhibition of ethylene production and of fruit softening. The maintenance of fruit firmness was associated with a decrease in the activities of cell-wall-degrading enzymes, including endoglucanases (Cx), polygalacturonases (PG) and b-galactosidases. In peaches the AA- and N2-treated fruits were firmer after 3 weeks storage and contained higher amount of insoluble pectin than untreated controls. We showed that AA vapors are able to inhibit ripening, ethylene production and ethylene induction in the presence of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ADD) in avocado and mango tissue. Ethylene induced by ACC is taken as an indicator of ACC oxidase activity. ACC oxidase activity in AA-treated avocado fruit was much lower than in the untreated fruit. In carnation flowers very little ethylene was produced by ethanol-treated flowers, and the normal increases in ACC content and ACC oxidase activity were also suppressed. Using kinetic studies and inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), we showed that AA, not ethanol, was the active molecule in inhibiting ripening of tomato fruit. Application of anaerobiosis or anaerobic metabolites was effective in reduction of chilling injury (CI) in various plant tissues. Pretreatment with a low-O2 atmosphere reduced CI symptoms in avocado; this effect was associated with higher content of the free sylfhydryl (SH) group, and induction of the detoxification enzymes, catalase and peroxidase. Application of AA maintained firmer and brighter pulp tissue (non-oxidative), which was associated with higher free SH content, lower ethylene and ACC oxidase activities, and higher activities of catalase and peroxidase. Ethanol was found to reduce CI in other plant tissue. In roots of 24-h-old germinated cucumber seeds, exposure to 0.4-M ethanol shock for 4 h reduced chilling-induced ion leakage. In cucumber cotyledons it appears that alcohols may reduce CI by inducing stomata closure. In cotyledon discs held in N2 at 10C for 1 day, there accumulated sufficient endogenously synthesized ethanol to confer tolerance to chilling at 2.5C for 5 days.

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Sisler, Edward C., Raphael Goren, and Akiva Apelbaum. Controlling Ethylene Responses in Horticultural Crops at the Receptor Level. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580668.bard.

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Ethylene is a plant hormone that controls many plant responses, such as growth, senescence, ripening, abscission and seed germination. Recently, 1-methy- cyclopropene (1-MCP), was shown to bind to ethylene receptor for a certain period of time and prevent ethylene action. The objectives of this research were to synthesize analogues of 1-MCP and test their potency to block the ethylene receptor and inhibit ethylene action. During the course of this project, procedures for synthesis and shipment of the cyclopropene compounds were developed as well assay procedures for each compound were worked out. Thirteen new compounds were synthesized. All of them are structural analogues of 1-MCP, with substitution in the 1-position and a side chain containing 2 to 10 carbons. After preliminary studies, nine promising compounds were selected for in-depth study. The potency of the compounds to inhibit ethylene action was tested on a wide scope of systems like: climacteric fruits (banana, avocado and tomato), the triple response (etiolated peas), and leaf abscission (citrus). As the putative inhibitors are suspected to compete for the site of binding and a competitive type of inhibition could be considered, a high concentration of ethylene (300 m1.L-1) was used to induce ripening and other physiological processes. The tests were conducted under extreme conditions which hasten ripening like treatment and storage at 22 to 25oC. There were fluctuations in the responses as related to the concentrations of the inhibitors. Some required much higher concentration to exert the same effect, while some, when applied at the same concentration, blocked the receptor for a longer period of time than the others. Some fruits and other plant organs responded differently to the same inhibitor, indicating differences in characteristics and availability of the ethylene receptors in the various tissues. The potency of the putative inhibitors was found to be greatly affected by their molecular structural and size. In addition, it was found that treatment with the inhibitor should be given before the onset of ethylene action In the case of fruit, treatment should be carried out before the pre-climacteric stage. Simultaneous treatment with ethylene and the inhibitors reduced the inhibitors' effect. The relationship between ethylene and the inhibitors is of a non-competitive nature. All the fruits treated with the putative inhibitors resumed normal ripening after recovery from the inhibition. This fact is of great importance when considering the inhibitors for practical use. The advantage of using inhibitors of ethylene action over inhibitors of ethylene production lies in the ability of the inhibitors of ethylene action to protect the tissue against both endogenous and exogenous ethylene, thus providing better overall protection. Our findings indicate that 1-MCP and its structural analogues are potent inhibitors of ethylene action capable of providing good protection against endogenous and exogenous ethylene. The fact that the compounds are in a gas phase and are non-phytotoxic, odorless and effective at minute concentrations, renders them promising candidates for commercial use. However, the development of water-soluble inhibitors will expand the potential use of the inhibitors in agriculture.

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