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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Cycling"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 26 жовтня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Cycling"

1

Buchkovich, K. J., and E. B. Ziff. "Nerve growth factor regulates the expression and activity of p33cdk2 and p34cdc2 kinases in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 5, no. 11 (November 1994): 1225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.5.11.1225.

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In the absence of serum, nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes the survival and differentiation of the PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line. In the presence of serum, NGF acts primarily as a differentiation factor and negative regulator of cell cycling. To investigate NGF control of cell cycling, we have analyzed the regulation of cyclin dependent kinases during PC12 cell differentiation. NGF treatment leads to a reduction in the steady-state protein levels of p33cdk2 and p34cdc2, two key regulators of cell cycle progression. The decrease in p33cdk2 and p34cdc2 coincides with a decrease in the enzymatic activity of cyclinA-p34cdc2, cyclinB-p34cdc2, cyclinE-p33cdk2, and cyclinA-p33cdk2 kinases. The decline in p33cdk2 and p34cdc2 kinase activity in response to NGF is accelerated in cells that over-express the p140trk NGF receptor, suggesting that the timing of the down- regulation is dependent on the level of p140trk and the strength of the NGF signal. The level of cyclin A, a regulatory subunit of p33cdk2 and p34cdc2, is relatively constant during PC12 differentiation. Nevertheless, the DNA binding activity of the cyclinA-associated transcription factor E2F/DP decreases. Thus, NGF down-regulates the activity of cyclin dependent kinases and cyclin-transcription factor complexes during PC12 differentiation.
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2

Traganos, Frank. "Cycling without Cyclins." Cell Cycle 3, no. 1 (January 2004): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.3.1.608.

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3

Holding, Cathy. "Cycling without cyclins." Genome Biology 5 (2004): spotlight—20040824–01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-spotlight-20040824-01.

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4

Diehl, J. Alan. "Cycling to Cancer with Cyclin D1." Cancer Biology & Therapy 1, no. 3 (May 5, 2002): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cbt.72.

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Resnitzky, D., M. Gossen, H. Bujard, and S. I. Reed. "Acceleration of the G1/S phase transition by expression of cyclins D1 and E with an inducible system." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 3 (March 1994): 1669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.3.1669-1679.1994.

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Conditional overexpression of human cyclins B1, D1, and E was accomplished by using a synthetic cDNA expression system based on the Escherichia coli tetracycline repressor. After induction of these cyclins in asynchronous Rat-1 fibroblasts, a decrease in the length of the G1 interval was observed for cyclins D1 and E, consistent with an acceleration of the G1/S phase transition. We observed, in addition, a compensatory lengthening of S phase and G2 so that the mean cell cycle length in populations constitutively expressing these cyclins was unchanged relative to those of their uninduced counterparts. We found that expression of cyclin B1 had no effect on cell cycle dynamics, despite elevated levels of cyclin B-associated histone H1 kinase activity. Induction of cyclins D1 and E also accelerated entry into S phase for synchronized cultures emerging from quiescence. However, whereas cyclin E exerted a greater effect than cyclin D1 in asynchronous cycling cells, cyclin D1 conferred a greater effect upon stimulation from quiescence, suggesting a specific role for cyclin D1 in the G0-to-G1 transition. Overexpression of cyclins did not prevent cells from entering into quiescence upon serum starvation, although a slight delay in attainment of quiescence was observed for cells expressing either cyclin D1 or cyclin E. These results suggest that cyclins D1 and E are rate-limiting activators of the G1-to-S phase transition and that cyclin D1 might play a specialized role in facilitating emergence from quiescence.
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6

Resnitzky, D., M. Gossen, H. Bujard, and S. I. Reed. "Acceleration of the G1/S phase transition by expression of cyclins D1 and E with an inducible system." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 3 (March 1994): 1669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.3.1669.

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Анотація:
Conditional overexpression of human cyclins B1, D1, and E was accomplished by using a synthetic cDNA expression system based on the Escherichia coli tetracycline repressor. After induction of these cyclins in asynchronous Rat-1 fibroblasts, a decrease in the length of the G1 interval was observed for cyclins D1 and E, consistent with an acceleration of the G1/S phase transition. We observed, in addition, a compensatory lengthening of S phase and G2 so that the mean cell cycle length in populations constitutively expressing these cyclins was unchanged relative to those of their uninduced counterparts. We found that expression of cyclin B1 had no effect on cell cycle dynamics, despite elevated levels of cyclin B-associated histone H1 kinase activity. Induction of cyclins D1 and E also accelerated entry into S phase for synchronized cultures emerging from quiescence. However, whereas cyclin E exerted a greater effect than cyclin D1 in asynchronous cycling cells, cyclin D1 conferred a greater effect upon stimulation from quiescence, suggesting a specific role for cyclin D1 in the G0-to-G1 transition. Overexpression of cyclins did not prevent cells from entering into quiescence upon serum starvation, although a slight delay in attainment of quiescence was observed for cells expressing either cyclin D1 or cyclin E. These results suggest that cyclins D1 and E are rate-limiting activators of the G1-to-S phase transition and that cyclin D1 might play a specialized role in facilitating emergence from quiescence.
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7

Ježek, Jan, Daniel G. J. Smethurst, David C. Stieg, Z. A. C. Kiss, Sara E. Hanley, Vidyaramanan Ganesan, Kai-Ti Chang, Katrina F. Cooper, and Randy Strich. "Cyclin C: The Story of a Non-Cycling Cyclin." Biology 8, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology8010003.

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The class I cyclin family is a well-studied group of structurally conserved proteins that interact with their associated cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) to regulate different stages of cell cycle progression depending on their oscillating expression levels. However, the role of class II cyclins, which primarily act as transcription factors and whose expression remains constant throughout the cell cycle, is less well understood. As a classic example of a transcriptional cyclin, cyclin C forms a regulatory sub-complex with its partner kinase Cdk8 and two accessory subunits Med12 and Med13 called the Cdk8-dependent kinase module (CKM). The CKM reversibly associates with the multi-subunit transcriptional coactivator complex, the Mediator, to modulate RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. Apart from its transcriptional regulatory function, recent research has revealed a novel signaling role for cyclin C at the mitochondria. Upon oxidative stress, cyclin C leaves the nucleus and directly activates the guanosine 5’-triphosphatase (GTPase) Drp1, or Dnm1 in yeast, to induce mitochondrial fragmentation. Importantly, cyclin C-induced mitochondrial fission was found to increase sensitivity of both mammalian and yeast cells to apoptosis. Here, we review and discuss the biology of cyclin C, focusing mainly on its transcriptional and non-transcriptional roles in tumor promotion or suppression.
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8

Yi, Xie, and Li Bing. "The Transcription Express Characteristics of Several Genes in the Process of Bombyx mori Ovarian Carcinoma." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.39.

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Bombyx mori cell line (BmN) comes fromBombyx moriovary cell subculture. In order to study the change of several genes transcription in the process ofBombyx moriovary cells primary culture and subculture, we usedBombyx moriovary organizations and BmN cell lines as research materials, used Real Time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR to detect cyclin gene family (CyclinA, CyclinB, CyclinB3, CyclinE, CyclinL1), p53 and Telomerase genes transcription level in the ovary and BmN cell lines, and took Actin3 gene as reference to dispose the results. The results showed that in theBombyx moriBmN cell lines the expression of CyclinA, CyclinB, CyclinB3, CyclinE, CyclinL1 and Telomerase genes were higher than those in the ovary. The expression of CyclinB in the BmN was more then 3.8 which was 76 times higher than that in the ovary; The expression of p53 gene in the BmN cell was lower than that in the ovary; The expression of Telomerase gene in the BmN cell was higher than that in the ovary. The results accumulated a reliable data for further study on the the role of cyclin gene family, p53 gene, and Telomerase gene in the process ofBombyx moriovarian carcinoma.
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9

Ehrhardt, Harald, Catarina Castro Alves, Franziska Wachter, and Irmela Jeremias. "TRAIL Preferentially Affects Cell Cycle-Arrested Tumor Cells Including Stem- and Progenitor Cells From Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1879.1879.

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Abstract Abstract 1879 Leukemic stem- and progenitor cells exhibit low cycling activity which might represent a major cause for their increased treatment resistance. TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) is a novel putative anticancer drug currently in phase I and II clinical testing. We recently showed that TRAIL is able to address stem- and progenitor cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in xenotransplantation assays (Alves et al., Blood 2012,119,4224). As stem- and progenitor cells are often non-cycling, we asked here, whether TRAIL is able to address resting leukemia cells. We used cell lines and primary tumor cells from children with ALL which were amplified in severely immuno-compromised mice (NSG mice). Cell cycle arrest was induced (i) by addition of conventional cytotoxic drugs which are known to act as cytostatic drugs such as doxorubicine; (ii) by biochemical inhibitors known to induce cell cycle arrest at different defined points of the cell cycle such as mimosine; (iii) by molecular approaches and knockdown of cyclinB arresting cell cycle in G2 or knockdown of cyclinE arresting cell cycle in G1. Unexpectedly, TRAIL-induced apoptosis was enhanced, whenever cell cycle was arrested. Cell cycle arrest sensitized towards TRAIL-induced apoptosis independently from the point or phase of cell cycle which was arrested (G0, G1 or G2) and independently from the agent used to arrest the cell cycle. Similarly, knockdown of cyclinB or cyclinE both clearly sensitized cell line cells towards TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Cytotoxic drugs and cell cycle inhibitors might arrest the cell cycle by activation of p53. Accordingly, when caffeine was added which inhibited p53 activity and drug-induced cell cycle arrest, sensitization towards TRAIL-induced apoptosis was blocked. We have recently established a novel method which enables performing knockdown experiments in tumor cells derived from ALL patients (Höfig et al., Cell Comm. Signal. 2012,10,8). Using this method and most important for clinical translation, we could show that knockdown of either cyclinB or cyclinE clearly sensitized patient-derived ALL cells towards TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Taken together and in contrast to most conventional cytotoxic drugs, TRAIL exerts anti-tumor activity preferentially against tumor cells in cell cycle arrest and less against actively cycling tumor cells. This special feature of TRAIL might explain its anti-tumor activity against stem- and progenitor cells in patients with ALL. Thus, TRAIL might represent an interesting drug to treat disease stages with accumulation of stem- and progenitor cells and static tumor disease, e.g., during minimal residual disease. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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10

Cogswell, J. P., M. M. Godlevski, M. Bonham, J. Bisi, and L. Babiss. "Upstream stimulatory factor regulates expression of the cell cycle-dependent cyclin B1 gene promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 5 (May 1995): 2782–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.5.2782.

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Progression through the somatic cell cycle requires the temporal regulation of cyclin gene expression and cyclin protein turnover. One of the best-characterized examples of this regulation is seen for the B-type cyclins. These cyclins and their catalytic component, cdc2, have been shown to mediate both the entry into and maintenance of mitosis. The cyclin B1 gene has been shown to be expressed between the late S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, while the protein is degraded specifically at interphase via ubiquitination. To understand the molecular basis for transcriptional regulation of the cyclin B1 gene, we cloned the human cyclin B1 gene promoter region. Using a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter system and both stable and transient assays, we have shown that the cyclin B1 gene promoter (extending to -3800 bp relative to the cap site) can confer G2-enhanced promoter activity. Further analysis revealed that an upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-binding site and its cognate transcription factor(s) are critical for expression from the cyclin B1 promoter in cycling HeLa cells. Interestingly, USF DNA-binding activity appears to be regulated in a G2-specific fashion, supporting the idea that USF may play some role in cyclin B1 gene activation. These studies suggest an important link between USF and the cyclin B1 gene, which in part explains how maturation promoting factor complex formation is regulated.
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Дисертації з теми "Cycling"

1

Intravaia, Paul Joseph. "Cycling." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1509.

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2

Merger, Alexis Nicole. "Life Cycling: Cardiovascular Benefits of Cycling for Women." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579421.

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Cardiovascular disease is the leading killer of both men and women in the United States. Though prevalent in both genders, certain risk factors leave women especially susceptible to cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise has been shown to both prevent and control major risk factors. Through public awareness and outreach, women within the community will have the opportunity to learn about their risks and begin steps towards a healthier lifestyle. This paper will inform the average reader about the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system, the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, and the history and heart-health benefits of cycling all while taking special consideration to note female-specific factors. Its purpose is to encourage women to evaluate their lifestyle, understand their cardiovascular risk factors, and begin cycling and eating well in order to live a healthier, longer life.
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3

Silva, Alexandre Manuel Oliveira da. "Cycling cities." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19235.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Urbanismo apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
A presente investigação centra-se na temática de promoção da mobilidade ciclável e a devida integração com os transportes ferroviários, tendo em consideração a orografia do terreno. Num momento em que a procura por soluções sustentáveis no âmbito da mobilidade em cidade tem vindo a crescer, constata-se que a mobilidade com recurso à bicicleta nas deslocações diárias poderá atenuar as dificuldades existentes, podendo esta ser considerada como um dos modos de transporte mais eficazes nas deslocações urbanas. Numa fase inicial, a revisão dos conceitos aborda as questões relacionadas com esta temática, onde as posições de diversos autores fundamentam a importância que a mobilidade ciclável desempenha nas mais diversas áreas, desde da gestão e planeamento territorial às vertentes sociais, económicas, ambientais e culturais. Numa segunda fase, desenvolve-se um estudo sobre a aptidão ciclável no município de Vila Franca de Xira, procurando estudar a possibilidade de integrar a bicicleta enquanto modo de transporte diário de ligação às estações ferroviárias da Linha da Azambuja. Este estudo procura responder às adversidades encontradas aquando do processo de planeamento de redes cicláveis e tenta acomodar a questão orográfica, através do estudo prévio dos declives do terreno. O objetivo passa por entender de que forma é possível atenuar esta condicionante e, assim, promover junto da comunidade local o uso da bicicleta nas suas deslocações diárias de e para as diversas estações ferroviárias do concelho.
ABSTRACT: The present research focuses on the theme of promoting cycling mobility, currently conditioned by terrain orography and its effective integration with rail transport. At a time when the search for sustainable solutions in city mobility has been growing, it is clear that cycling mobility in daily commutes may alleviate existing difficulties and may be considered as one of the most effective urban modes of transport At an initial phase, the review of the concepts addresses issues related to this theme, where the positions of several authors justify the importance of cycling mobility in a broad variety of areas, ranging from territorial management and planning to social, economic, environmental and cultural aspects. At a second phase, a study is developed focusing on the cycling ability in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, seeking to study the possibility of integrate the bicycle as a daily mode of transport in the connections to Linha da Azambuja railway statios. This study seeks to respond to the the adversities encountered during the planning process of cycling networks and to accommodating the orographic question, through a preliminary study of the terrains slopes. The objective is to understand how the condition of the slopes may be mitigated and, thus, to promote bicycle use in the daily commute to and from the various railway stations in the municipality.
N/A
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4

Roop, Adrian Heston. "THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF CYCLING: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC DETAIL OF CYCLING'S EXPERIENCE." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/319.

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Competitive cycling is a sport that is popular around the world. My thesis explores the relationship between cyclesport and society. I begin my thesis with an introduction to the topic of cycling and how I will elucidate cycling's relationship within the sense of how cycle racing engages the nexus between the environment and subject in and through language use, embodiment, and practice. I then explain the methods that I use. Phenomenology, lived experience research, embodied performance, and language use. I utilized my experiences in different cycling communities and interviews to gain access to how cycling comes to be practiced in the daily lives of its participants. Many of the findings reflect the dynamics of gender, language use, discipline, and balance.
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5

Reilly, Lyle. "City centered cycling." AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/895.

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This project explores design considerations and processes involved in the development of sports performance clothing specifically aimed at city cycling commuters. Research with a focus on smart clothing and electronic integration was used to form a technical framework in which the requirements of the end user were addressed. The result being the creation of a wearable electronic jacket containing a lighting system aimed at improving safety and comfort aspects affecting cycle commuters. The project methodology was essentially practice based with a strong experimental approach linked to the physical testing and refinement of electronic and clothing integration. Design aesthetics were equally important and are presented as a visual record linked to the use of computer related technologies which have influenced the design planning and processes of the project.
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6

Springer, Alexander D. "Optimizing cycling power." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105573.

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Анотація:
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 29).
In this study we determine a viable bioenergetic model for power allocation during a cycling race. Various models have been proposed to address power allocation in races with two models rising above others: the Morton-Margaria Three Tank model and the Skiba Energy Balance model. The energy balance model was implemented in MATLAB and compared against the gold standard implementation in Golden Cheetah to model the depletion of an athlete's energy over the course a ride. The implementation of the model was successful as verified by ride data from a cyclist in the 2014 Tour de France. Additionally, the model was further tested with sample power profiles in order to understand the depletion of energy over the course of a ride. Two key findings emerged from the investigation. First, we require a better account of exhaustion in the energy balance model which can be achieved by weighting the time spent below critical power over the time spent above critical power. This is because a cyclist becomes more exhausted by efforts at higher power outputs compared to the recovery at an effort below critical power. Second, energy balance models should use a variable time constant as rides and races have highly variable recovery periods below critical power which affects the ability of an athlete to reconstitute their energy. Use of a variable time constant could address the weighting of efforts below critical power identified in the first finding as well.
by Alexander D. Springer.
S.B.
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7

Kaewpanukrangsi, Nuanphan. "Creative-Up-Cycling." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21543.

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Анотація:
The project elaborates design opportunities for a future practice that could promotealternative sustainable lifestyles on waste handling through up-cycling activities. It doesthis on a small scale through engagement in the local communities of the Hildaneighborhood and Segepark students’ accommodations in Sweden. To thesecommunities, creative-up-cycling is explored which it introduced here as an approachwhere neighbors can participate in making new things from leftover materials. Throughthis work creative-up-cycling is a proposed recommendation for a possible service systemon how to share the leftover materials in the local resident’s communities, as well as, howto remake the items no longer needed.The empirical studies explore maker culture lifestyles and include how to find leftovermaterials, tools, space, and skills in order to guide people in creative-up-cyclingalternatives. These creative activities also build social relationship via the integration ofmultidisciplinary citizens who are living in the same community and explorations weredone on how could we elicit the skill sets from those people? What is a useful skill set inthis area today? Values like mutual physical experience, reciprocity, and ownership couldalso be found along the empirical workshops in this project. Additionally, this reportshows some interesting findings pointing towards the design process and the suggestionsof design elements; ‘Co-storage’, ‘Mix and Match furniture shop’, and ‘Renovation andup-cycling’ concept elements.Participatory design (designing with people) has been the core approach in this project.Additionally, I have been influenced by user-centered design, as well as service designapproaches in order to comprehend the services, system and activities of recycling andup-cycling in cities like: SYSAV, STPLN, Cykelköket, Återskapa, Toolpool. The findingpresented here are examples of practices that could make up the composition of recyclingand up-cycling activities in future local communities.
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8

Underwood, Lindsey. "Aerodynamics of Track Cycling." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7804.

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Анотація:
The aim of this thesis was to identify ways in which the velocity of a track cyclist could be increased, primarily through the reduction of aerodynamic drag, and to determine which factors had the most significant impact on athlete performance. An appropriate test method was set up in the wind tunnel at the University of Canterbury to measure the aerodynamic drag of different cycling positions and equipment, including helmets, skinsuits, frames and wheels, in order to measure the impact of specific changes on athlete performance. A mathematical model of the Individual Pursuit (IP) event was also created to calculate the velocity profile and finishing time for athletes competing under different race conditions. The model was created in Microsoft Excel and used first principles to analyse the forces acting on a cyclist, which lead to the development of equations for power supply and demand. The mathematical model was validated using SRM data for eleven, elite track cyclists, and was found to be accurate to 0.31s (0.16%). An analysis of changes made to the bike, athlete, and environmental conditions using the mathematical model showed that the drag area and air density had the greatest impact on the finishing time. The model was then used to predict the finishing times for different pacing strategies by generating different power profiles for a given athlete with a fixed stock of energy (the work done remained the same for all generated power profiles) in order to identify the optimal pacing strategy for the IP. The length of time spent in the initial acceleration phase was found to have a significant impact on the results, although all strategies simulated with an initial acceleration phase resulted in a faster finishing time than all other strategies simulated. Results from the wind tunnel tests showed that, in general, changes made to the position of the cyclist had the greatest impact on the aerodynamic drag compared to changes made to the equipment. Multiple changes in position had a greater impact on drag than individual changes in position, but the changes were not additive; the total gain or loss in drag for multiple changes in position was not the sum of individual gains or losses in drag. Actual gains and losses also varied significantly between athletes, primarily due to differences in body size and shape, riding experience, and reference position from which changes were made from. Changes in position that resulted in a reduction of the frontal area, such as lowering the handlebars and head, were the most successful at reducing the aerodynamic drag, and a change in skinsuit was found to have the greatest impact on drag out of all equipment changes, primarily due to the choice of material and seam placement. The mathematical model was used to quantify the impact of changes in position and equipment made in the wind tunnel on the overall finishing time for a given athlete competing in an IP event. Time savings of up to 8 seconds were seen for multiple changes in position, and up to 5 seconds for changes to the equipment. Overall this thesis highlights the significance of aerodynamics on athlete performance in track cycling, suggesting that it is worthwhile spending time and money on research and technology to find new ways to reduce the aerodynamic drag and maximise the speed of cyclists. Although this thesis primarily concentrates on the Individual Pursuit event in track cycling, the same principles can be applied to other cycling disciplines, as well as to other sports.
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9

Stone, Michael H., Margaret E. Stone, and William A. Sands. "Cycling Your Periodization Plan." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4674.

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10

Smith, Jimmy C. "The Effect of Seat Back Angle on Responses During Recumbent Cycling." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332582/.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and perceptual responses during recumbent cycle ergometry performed at various seat back angles and different work rates. Healthy college-aged men performed steady-state exercise at two work rates, 100 watts (n=46) and 150 watts (n=26), using five back seat angles, 90, 105, 120, 135, and 150 degrees. The results of this study suggest that recumbent seat back angles of 135 to 150 degrees are associated with lower metabolic and cardiorespiratory stress during rest and submaximal exercise than more upright positions. The reduced stress at these angles is accompanied by lower perceptions of exertion and improved seating comfort. The failure of the base-line correction for resting V0 2 to remove the effect of seat back angle implies that the reduced physiological stress associated with these positions is due to reasons other than attenuated resting metabolic costs. It is concluded that the selection of recumbent seat back angles between 135 and 150 degrees can result in improved efficiency, reduced physiological stress, diminished perceptions of exertion, and increased seating comfort.
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Книги з теми "Cycling"

1

Garrett, Greg. Cycling. New York: Kensington Books, 2003.

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2

Mason, Paul. Cycling. London: Franklin Watts, 2011.

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3

North, David. Cycling. London: Flame Tree, 2011.

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4

Bow, James. Cycling. London: Franklin Watts, 2013.

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5

Gifford, Clive. Cycling. London: Franklin Watts, 2012.

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6

Currie, Stephen. Cycling. Detroit: Lucent Books, 2014.

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7

Jenkins, George H. Cycling. Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Corp., 1994.

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8

Bailey, Donna. Cycling. Austin, Tex: Steck-Vaughn Library, 1991.

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9

Paul, Mason. Cycling. Mankato, Minn: Sea-to-Sea Publications, 2010.

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10

Bow, James. Cycling. London: Franklin Watts, 2009.

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Більше джерел

Частини книг з теми "Cycling"

1

Cox, Peter. "Introduction." In Cycling, 1–10. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315533698-1.

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Cox, Peter. "Riding the city." In Cycling, 174–94. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315533698-10.

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3

Cox, Peter. "Towards a sociology of cycles and cycling." In Cycling, 11–35. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315533698-2.

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Cox, Peter. "Researching cycling." In Cycling, 36–58. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315533698-3.

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Cox, Peter. "Materials." In Cycling, 59–80. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315533698-4.

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Cox, Peter. "Environments." In Cycling, 81–99. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315533698-5.

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Cox, Peter. "Exploring (im)material space." In Cycling, 100–119. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315533698-6.

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Cox, Peter. "Competencies." In Cycling, 120–39. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315533698-7.

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Cox, Peter. "Riding together." In Cycling, 140–55. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315533698-8.

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Cox, Peter. "Meanings, representations and identities." In Cycling, 156–73. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315533698-9.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Cycling"

1

Bruss, Lennart, and Anja Müller. "Urban Cycling and Automated Vehicles." In International Cycling Safety Conference. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.474.

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2

Eggermond, Michael A. B. van, Dorothea Schaffner, and Nora Studert. "Assessing cycling skills in Switzerland." In International Cycling Safety Conference. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.497.

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3

Gaster, Kristina, and Tina Gebiert. "Mileage-based accident risks of pedelec riders." In International Cycling Safety Conference. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.416.

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4

Francke, Angela, Paul Papendieck, Lisa-Marie Schaefer, and Juliane Anke. "Perceived cycling safety during Corona times - Results of a longitudinal study in Germany." In International Cycling Safety Conference. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.446.

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5

Oyoo, Robert O., and S. K. Mwea. "Challenges and Opportunities in Cycling Safety in Nairobi City, Kenya." In International Cycling Safety Conference. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.451.

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Tumakova, Yana, Constant Cap, Azeb T. Legese, Marie Klosterkamp, and Angela Francke. "“The missing lights of Nairobi” - Cyclists' Perceptions of safety by cycling after-dark in Nairobi, Kenya." In International Cycling Safety Conference. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.448.

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7

Shah, Nitesh R., and Christopher R. Cherry. "Riding an e-scooter at nighttime is more dangerous than at daytime." In International Cycling Safety Conference. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.436.

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Ramírez-Leuro, Laura D., and Lenin A. Bulla-Cruz. "Cyclists' Safety and Security Multiple Correspondence Analysis from GPS Records for Route Choice in Bogotá - Colombia." In International Cycling Safety Conference. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.447.

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Rubie, Elisabeth, Narelle Haworth, and Naohide Yamamoto. "Passing distance, speed and perceived risks to the cyclist and driver in passing events." In International Cycling Safety Conference. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.439.

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Legese, Azeb T., Abhimanyu Prakash, Angela Francke, Yana Tumakova, Marie Klosterkamp, and Paul Papendieck. "More than a billion motives to focus on NMT Africa - Enhancing the quality of infrastructure to improve cycling safety and cycling culture in Africa, case in Ethiopia." In International Cycling Safety Conference. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.450.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Cycling"

1

Lißner, Sven, Stefan Huber, and Maike von Harten. Influence of the cycling campaign CITY CYCLING on cycling behaviour in Germany. TU Dresden, Fakultät Verkehrswissenschaften 'Friedrich List', 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26128/2023.65.

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Анотація:
The CITY CYCLING (STADTRADELN) campaign has been running since 2008 to motivate German citizens to use the bicycle for daily mobility routines. In the course of the MOVEBIS research project, nationwide GPS data of the CITY CYCLING participants were collected in the years 2018-2020 and were processed for planning purposes. This contribution addresses the question to which extent the participants in the CITY CYCLING campaign represent cyclists in the Federal Republic of Germany and whether the motivation during the campaign leads to a significant change in mobility behaviour. For this purpose, more than 73,000 complete questionnaires of campaign participants from a survey in the year 2020 were evaluated. The age and gender distribution of app users and non-users of the campaign are corresponding to those of cyclists from representative household surveys in Germany (MiD 2017). App users and non app users differ only insignificantly from each other and are, on average, rather older than in the cycling participants of nationwide MiD survey. The results reveal that the smartphone has no significant influence on the cycling behaviour of the users. The survey participants are regular cyclists. Around 88% of the respondents use the bicycle most frequently in everyday life, followed by the private car (national average) and public transport (in large cities). The influence of the campaign on the level of utilisation or the number of kilometres travelled by bike can be described as rather low, overall. Whereas 65% of the participants stated that they cycled to work just as often as outside the campaign period, 19% of the respondents used the bicycle less often for commuting and 16% more often. The results indicate that the CITY CYCLING campaign captures and represents the everyday transport behaviour of participants. During the COVID-19 pandemic, participants used their bicycles significantly more often (73%). The perception of safety is consistently high. The campaign was rated very positively and the majority of users (91%) would participate again or rather recommend the campaign to others (78%).
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JI, June HyeonJeong. Cycling with fireflies. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1282.

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3

Peter A. Pryfogle. Nutrient Cycling Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/966178.

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4

Peggs, Stephen, and Michael Furey. Rapid Cycling Medical Synchrotron. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/973828.

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5

Kumar, Nikil, Philip Besuner, Steven Lefton, Dwight Agan, and Douglas Hilleman. Power Plant Cycling Costs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1046269.

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6

Krantz, F. M., and M. W. Richter. Mission/Maintenance/Cycling Effects on Reliability. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251921.

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Morgenstern, Mark R. EPM 2482 Power Cycling Evaluation Summary. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada512571.

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8

Wall, T. S., P. R. Valenzuela, and C. Sue. Ultrafast Thermal Cycling of Solar Panels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada351580.

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Das, K. C., Adams, T. Thomas, Mark A. Eiteman, James R. Kastner, Sudhagar Mani, and Ryan Adolphson. Biorefinery and Carbon Cycling Research Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1053782.

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Koehn, Silas, Luca Oggiano, Kai Schaffarczyk, and Alois Peter Schaffarczyk. Aerodynamical benefits by optimizing cycling posture. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317528.

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