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Kachynskyi, A. B., and I. S. Styopochkina. "A systematic approach to the analysis of phenomena of the information and cyberspaces." Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, no. 11 (2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2020.11.016.
The terms “information space” and “cyberspace” form the basis of definitions of information security and cyber security. The actual issue is to determine the essence of the phenomena of the information and cyberspace, which currently do not have a unified vision. The paper proposes a study of the structure and properties of the information space and cyber space, based on a mathematical formalism, which distinguishes the work from the previous ones, where the corresponding spaces were considered descriptively. The information and cyberspaces are considered as complex systems to which a system approach is applied. Structural models of information and cyberspaces consisting of subsystems of the first, second, and third levels, and elements of the fourth level are offered. Based on the proposed models of systems, the indicators of integrity and autonomy are analyzed, which allows us to conclude that, in both spaces, there is a greater tendency to the structural monolithicity than to the autonomy of the components. But cyberspace shows a greater interdependence of components, compared to the information space, despite their higher dynamism and a less degree of attachment to real objects. The Jacquard similarity coefficient is calculated for the elements of the 4th level. It indicates a significant difference between the systems of the information space and the cyberspace. Descriptive analysis of the elements of the information and cyberspaces showed that the cyberspace, in contrast to the information space, operates not only information, but also data that are necessary to support its technological functioning. Another distinctive feature of the cyberspace is the information control to achieve a specific goal; while the information space deals only with the processing and storage of information.
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Boswell, Suzanne F. "“Jack In, Young Pioneer”: Frontier Politics, Ecological Entrapment, and the Architecture of Cyberspace." American Literature 93, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 417–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-9361251.
Abstract This essay uncovers the environmental and historical conditions that played a role in cyberspace’s popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. Tracing both fictional and critical constructions of cyberspace in a roughly twenty-year period from the publication of William Gibson’s Sprawl trilogy (1984–1988) to the Telecommunications Act of 1996, this essay argues that cyberspace’s infinite, virtual territory provided a solution to the apparent ecological crisis of the 1980s: the fear that the United States was running out of physical room to expand due to overdevelopment. By discursively transforming the technology of cyberspace into an “electronic frontier,” technologists, lobbyists, and journalists turned cyberspace into a solution for the apparent American crisis of overdevelopment and resource loss. In a period when Americans felt detached from their own environment, cyberspace became a new frontier for exploration and a so-called American space to which the white user belonged as an indigenous inhabitant. Even Gibson’s critique of the sovereign cyberspace user in the Sprawl trilogy masks the violence of cybercolonialism by privileging the white American user. Sprawl portrays the impossibility of escaping overdevelopment through cyberspace, but it routes this impossibility through the specter of racial contamination by Caribbean hackers and Haitian gods. This racialized frontier imaginary shaped the form of internet technologies throughout the 1990s, influencing the modern user’s experience of the internet as a private space under their sovereign control. In turn, the individualism of the internet experience restricts our ability to create collective responses to the climate crisis, encouraging internet users to see themselves as disassociated from conditions of environmental and social catastrophe.
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Kellerman, Aharon. "Cyberspace Classification and Cognition: Information and Communications Cyberspaces." Journal of Urban Technology 14, no. 3 (December 2007): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10630730801923110.
Hurley, John S. "Cyberspace." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 7, no. 3 (July 2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2017070101.
The transition of the warfare mentality from the conventional domains of engagement (air, land, maritime, and space) to the cyberspace domain has not been an easy one for established organizations and institutions. The battlefield, in which now speed and stealth instead of size and budget are the determining factors that provide an edge have not well for many, especially those in the military. Now they do not clearly dictate who amongst combatants have the ‘upper hand' and represent a significant paradigm shift from factors that were very good predictors of a potential outcome of military conflicts. The battles of the past were largely over territories and resources (Landscape Metrics, 2015). We see outcomes now being influenced by a broader range of factors, including politics, culture, economy, religion, and ethnicity. These new ‘pivot points' for conflict require a very different understanding and approach to achieve desired outcomes. Technology continues to be the main enabler that has transformed the battlefield and the rules of engagement from the conventional domains to cyberspace. The issue of attribution has been a huge differentiator and looms very large in cyberspace conflicts because it is very difficult to determine within a sufficient timeframe the source of an attack and to be able to respond to or prevent attacks. Now conflicts have expanded in such a way that combatants now cross all prospective levels of society from targets to attackers or perpetrators. The low cost required to provide significant damage to a desired target environment in cyberspace has been a game changer. As a result, the rules of engagement which were much clearer in conventional domains on military fronts are much more blurred due to the new realm of combatants, and as such, has changed many of the approaches and methodologies that were standard practices in traditional campaigns. In this paper, we focus on cyber conflicts and how the cultural differences of these three communities have plagued the ability to achieve a simple and coherent response against attackers and perpetrators. We pursue the relevance of trust and deterrence and their influence on ‘warfare' tactics in the cyberspace domain. We also look at culture and the ‘new norm' and how they have required consideration of new and unconventional approaches. We see how data can better inform decision makers and those responsible for designing and implementing campaigns in this new era of conflict. Our results indicate the need for a different model to work through the differences in culture if better are to be obtained by the combatants. In addition, we see that an approach that includes cyber deterrence framed in the context of active defense provides optimism on future outcomes.
Pesce, M. D., P. Kennard, and A. S. Parisi. "Cyberspace." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 27, no. 2 (November 1994): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-7552(94)90171-6.
Černý, Michal. "CYBERSPACE AS A SPACE: ANALYSIS OF METAPHORICAL STATEMENTS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 79, no. 6 (December 10, 2021): 838–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/21.79.838.
Over the last thirty years, technology has created a new space (cyberspace) where people meet each other, seek information, or simply try to navigate through. However, there is no consensus in research on the character of cyberspaces and the extent to which they are real. In the first systematic empirical research of this nature, the study found an answer to this question through a survey of metaphorical accounts of university students in Information Studies, and Librarianship (N=102) collected over three years (2019-2021). Cyberspace is a real space in students' experiences, language, and thought structures. A space that allows movement, orientation, and search to be related with one another. An environment in which cognition, learning, and knowledge are structuring activities. Learning and cognition in this space occur differently than in the physical environment, which poses a challenge for developing specific didactic practices and social programs for students. Students perceive cyberspace as linked to the need to acquire new epistemic tools to help them overcome the crisis of knowledge they experience through this space. Keywords: cyberspace, didactic practices, information literacy, metaphors, pragmatism, tacit knowledge, on life
Chan, Cho-yan Jonathan, and 陳祖恩. "Traumatic cyberspace: witnessing cyberspace as a site of Trauma." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227144.
Why has some cyber-attacks been more successful than others? There has been in the near past examples of cyber-attacks used with different purposes. How do we understand these chosen targets and what result the attack accomplished? Research has discussed similarities between aviation warfare and cyber warfare, and how the first could explain what is happening in cyber warfare now. There is also opposing opinions whether cyber warfare should be seen as a method to alone force a will on your opponent or if cyber warfare should mere be supporting other military means. The essay test Warden’s theory “The Enemy as a System” capacity to explain why the effect of cyber-attacks can differ. It will also compare the effect in different cases based on standalone and supporting cyber-attacks. The essay concludes that Warden’s theory does not have any explanatory value but the difference in effective and ineffective cases is whether the cyber-attack was supporting other military means or a standalone attack.
The problems of maintaining software systems are well documented. The increasing size and complexity of modern software serves only to worsen matters. Software maintainers are typically confronted with very large and very complex software systems, of which they may have little or no prior knowledge. At this stage they will normally have some maintenance task to perform, though possibly little indication of where or how to start. They need to investigate and understand the software to some extent in order to begin maintenance. This understanding process is termed program comprehension. There are various theories on program comprehension, many of which put emphasis on the construction of a mental model of the software within the mind of the maintainor. These same theories hypothesise a number of techniques employed by the maintainer for the creation and revision of this mental model. Software visualisation attempts to provide tool support for generating, supplementing and verifying the maintainer’s mental model. The majority of software visualisations to date have concentrated on producing two dimensional representations and animations of various aspects of a software system. Very little work has been performed previously regarding the issues involved in visualising software within a virtual reality environment. This research represents a significant first step into this exciting field and offers insight into the problems posed by this new media. This thesis provides an identification of the possibilities afforded byU3D graphics for software visualisation and program comprehension. It begins by defining seven key areas of 3D software visualisation, followed by the definition of two terms, visualisation and representation. These two terms provide a conceptual division between a visualisation and the elements of which it is comprised. This division enables improved discussion of the properties of a 3D visualisation and particularly the idenfification of properties that are desirable for a successful visualisation. A number of such desirable properties are suggested for both visualisations and representations, providing support for the design and evaluation of a 3D software visualisation system. Also presented are a number of prototype visualisations, each providing a different approach to the visualisation of a software system. The prototypes help demonstrate the practicalities and feasibility of 3D software visualisation. Evaluation of these prototypes is performed using a variety of techniques, the results of which emphasise the fact that there is substantial potential for the application of 3D graphics and virtual reality to software visualisation.
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Karaflogka, Anastasia. "Religious discourse and cyberspace." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422207.
Herring, Deborah. "Contextual theology in cyberspace." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427215.
This thesis is a study of emerging learning cultures. Its focus is on students and teachers who are engaged in using internet technologies for learning in higher education in the United Kingdom. The thesis provides an exploration of theoretical approaches to the cultural impact of new technologies, drawing on cultural, cybercultural and educational theory. It applies these theoretical insights to interview texts generated through discussions with learners and teachers. Its contribution lies in the originality of its empirical material and of the insights applied to their analysis, and in its application of cultural and cybercultural theory to the area of online learning and teaching.
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Qiang, Wen. "Cultural resistances in Chinese cyberspace." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2150205.
Ramírez, J. Martín, and Luis A. García-Segura, eds. Cyberspace. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54975-0.
Woolley, Benjamin. "Cyberspace." In Die Wirklichkeit der virtuellen Welten, 133–48. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-6179-3_7.
Powell, Larry, and Joseph Cowart. "Cyberspace." In Political Campaign Communication, 267–88. Third edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | “First edition published 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.”—T.p. verso. | “Second edition published 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.”—T.p. verso.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315265049-14.
Skillicorn, David B. "Cyberspace." In Cyberspace, Data Analytics, and Policing, 3–20. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003126225-2.
Nicaso, Antonio, and Marcel Danesi. "Cyberspace." In Organized Crime, 238–49. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003027072-15.
Elizalde, Emilio. "On How the Cyberspace Arose to Fulfill Theoretical Physicists’ Needs and Eventually Changed the World: Personal Recallings and a Practitioner’s Perspective." In Cyberspace, 3–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54975-0_1.
Cesteros, Francisco José. "Collaboration of Private Investigation with Public Institutions Within the Spanish Cybersecurity Strategy. How Private Investigation Gathers Proof on Cyber Delinquency." In Cyberspace, 165–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54975-0_10.
Fernández-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos, and Fernando Miralles-Muñoz. "Psychosociological Characteristics of Cybercrime." In Cyberspace, 181–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54975-0_11.
Payá-Santos, Claudio Augusto, and Juan José Delgado-Morán. "Use of Cyberspace for Terrorist Purposes." In Cyberspace, 197–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54975-0_12.
Wright, Steve. "Mythology of Cyber-Crime—Insecurity & Governance in Cyberspace: Some Critical Perspectives." In Cyberspace, 211–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54975-0_13.
Boulos, Sonia. "The Tallinn Manual and Jus ad bellum: Some Critical Notes." In Cyberspace, 231–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54975-0_14.
Pawlicka, Aleksandra, Michał Choraś, and Marek Pawlicki. "Cyberspace threats." In ARES 2020: The 15th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3407023.3409181.
A McDaniel, Elizabeth, and Michael S. Piller. "Mapping Cyberspace." In InSITE 2012: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/1672.
Clark, David D., John Wroclawski, Karen R. Sollins, and Robert Braden. "Tussle in cyberspace." In the 2002 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/633025.633059.
Thiha, Amara. "Revolution through cyberspace." In the 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2369220.2369266.
Xianwei Zhou, Zhimi Cheng, Jianwei An, Jinhua Liu, and Fuhong Lin. "Cyberspace based wisdom." In International Conference on Cyberspace Technology (CCT 2013). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2013.2114.
Kvasov, O. N. "INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF CYBERSPACE." In Digital society: problems and prospects of development. Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, Voronezh, Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/dsppd2021_89-95.
The work examines the formation of digital space as a social institution. The main features of the institutionalization of cyberspace are analyzed, such as the regulatory function, a set of roles, ritualized interaction, a set of regulatory institutions and the system of public control of this institution. The author makes a number of conclusions and forecasts regarding the formation of the institution of cyberspace.
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Clear, Tony, and Graeme Foot. "Avatars in cyberspace." In the 7th annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/544414.544490.
Blaha, Leslie M., Daniel W. Repperger, Katheryn A. Farris, Fairul Mohd-Zaid, Paul R. Havig, Xiaoping Shen, Russell Francis, John P. McIntire, Lyndsey McIntire, and David J. Rieksts. Cyberspace Math Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589817.
Veazie, Arnold K. US Strategy for Cyberspace. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416602.
Knapp, Jr, and Everett D. Unconventional Warfare in Cyberspace. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada561663.
Andrusyszyn, Greta. Cyberspace: A Selected Bibliography. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585290.
Caulkins, Bruce D. Proactive Self Defense in Cyberspace. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada494722.
Schwalm, Keith T. National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada457208.
Lee, Carolyn J. Limitless Battlespace: Operations in Cyberspace. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada370758.
Olson, Matthew L. Tackling Cyberspace Force Development Issues. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539194.
