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Статті в журналах з теми "Custom medieval law":

1

Henderson, Duane. "VI. Law, Custom, and Medieval Judges." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 101, no. 1 (August 1, 2015): 217–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgka-2015-0109.

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Abstract The paper studies the practice of judging marital separation cases in the ecclesiastical court of Freising in the second half of the fifteenth century. The first chapter outlines the legal position for separating marriages from bed and board as practiced in the later Middle Ages, locating the practice between canon law, the communis opinio of legal scholars and regional traditions. Using the extensive documentation of the act books of the court in Freising, the paper then systematically analyses separation processes and judgement patterns under two judges. The results reveal a number of similarities, but also distinct differences between the way the two judges treated separation cases, indicating the importance of the role of the individual judge as a variable between the ius commune and regional legal traditions.
2

Cuenca, Esther Liberman. "Bad Customs, Civic Ordinances, and “Customary Time” in Medieval and Early Modern English Urban Law." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 47, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2021.470304.

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This article examines 45 preambles in collections of urban customary law (called custumals) from 32 premodern towns in England between the twelfth and sixteenth centuries. Urban custom was the local law of English towns, and constituted traditions and privileges that gained legal force over time. How lawmakers conceived of “bad” custom—that is, the desuetude or corruption of custom—was crucial to the intellectual framework of urban law. Evidence from preambles shows that lawmakers rooted the legitimacy of their laws in “customary time,” which was the period from the supposed origins of their customs to their formalization in text. Lawmakers’ efforts to reinforce, ratify, and revise urban customs by making new custumals and passing ordinances were attempts to broaden their autonomy and respond to the possibility of “bad” custom.
3

Stein, Peter. "Custom in Roman and medieval civil law." Continuity and Change 10, no. 3 (December 1995): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000002836.

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La rhétorique romaine voyait dans la coutume la base de toute loi sauf celles quiavaient été déterminées par une législation, alors que les écrits juridiques, à l'origine, n'accordaient de valeur qu'à la coutume locale dans la mesure où cette dernière complétait la loi générate. Julien le légiste soutenait que le consensus populaire qui est à la base de la législation pouvait s'exprimer aussi à travers les pratiques coutumières; au contraire, l'empereur Constantin estimait que la coutume n'était valable que si elle ne s'opposait ni au bon sens ni à la loi écrite. Les juristes du Moyen Age durent arbitrer entre ces deux positions. C'est à la faveur de ces débats que les juristes anglais trouveront de quoi justifier la nouvelle Common Law.
4

Komnatnaya, Yulia, Evgeny Miroshnikov, Irina Saveleva, Bela Bidova, and Yulia Boltenkova. "Role of the doctrine of legal customs in the formation of European law in the Middle Ages." Jurnal Cita Hukum 11, no. 3 (December 31, 2023): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jch.v11i3.36084.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the medieval legal doctrine of legal customs as a source of law. The author uses comprehensive historical analysis based on traditional scientific cognition methods for jurisprudence, such as analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction. The issues of the correlation of legal custom and law in Europe in various periods of the Middle Ages, the influence of customary law on the formation and development of substantive and procedural law, as well as the formation of civil and commercial legislation in European countries, are discussed. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a literature and legislation approach. The research results state that understanding of custom developed during the Middle Ages, leading to its recognition as an independent source of law on a par with statutory regulations.
5

Van Caenegem, R. C. "Aantekeningen Bij Het Middeleeuwse Gewoonterecht." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'Histoire du Droit / The Legal History Review 64, no. 1 (1996): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181996x00049.

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AbstractCustomary law is both important and difficult to comprehend. In medieval society it was paramount. It lived in people's memory and manifested itself in ritual gestures and words, and through adjudication. One competitor was legislation which, to the modem lawyer, stands in clear contrast to custom. However, medieval terms such as leges consuetudinariae show that there was at the time no absolute opposition between them. Another competitor was the learned ius commune, whose impact on the daily lives of medieval people should not be exaggerated. When trying to define customary and statute law the legal historian meets the four following problems. The first is the exact nature of the 'homologated' customs, which pretend to be old norms, but are in reality laws promulgated by the government. The second is the fact that so-called customary law often appears to have resulted from deliberate action instead of unconscious spontaneous evolution. The third problem concerns the character and application of the Volks
6

Masferrer, Aniceto. "The decline and displacement of custom in early modern Spain." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 87, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 427–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-00870a10.

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SummaryThis article aims to describe the reasons for the decline of customary law in the early modern era. Confining the discussion to a limited geographical setting – the Iberian Peninsula – the arguments I used might be easily applied to other European jurisdictions. Part I presents an explanation of the predominance of custom in the medieval Spanish legal traditions. Part II describes the general features of the law in the early modern era, since they contributed – to a greater or lesser degree – to the demise of custom. Part III focuses more specifically on the theoretical and practical reasons for the decline and displacement of custom in early modern Spain. Part IV describes the consequences of the Decrees of Nueva Planta (1707-1718), approved by Felipe V in the context of the War of the Spanish Succession (1700-1714), regarding the development of the notion and role of custom in the eighteenth century. The article concludes with some reflections, emphasising that although customs do not easily co-exist with the state or a strong political power, neither do they entirely perish.
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Kim, Marie Seong-Hak. "Law and Custom under the Chosŏn Dynasty and Colonial Korea: A Comparative Perspective." Journal of Asian Studies 66, no. 4 (October 29, 2007): 1067–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911807001295.

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A number of Korean legal historians have argued that Chosŏn Korea had a tradition of customary law and that it was suppressed and distorted by the Japanese during the colonial period. But a comparison of Korean “custom” with that in late medieval France, where the legal concept of customary law developed, reveals that custom as a judicial norm was absent in premodern Korea. The Korean “customary law” that has been postulated as a true source of private law in Korean historiography was the invention of the Japanese colonial jurists. The Japanese collected Korea's popular usages that were supposed to serve as an antecedent for a modern civil law, and colonial judges employed the legal instrument of custom in reordering Korean practices into a modern civil legal framework. In colonial Korea, custom played the role of an intermediary regime between tradition and the demands of modern civil law.
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Cattelan, Valentino. "Between Theory(-ies) and Practice(-s): Legal Devices (Ḥiyal) in Classical Islamic Law". Arab Law Quarterly 31, № 3 (27 жовтня 2017): 245–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-31030053.

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Abstract By assuming a disconnection between jurists’ doctrines and the reality of social life, Joseph Schacht interpreted ḥiyal (legal devices) in classical Islamic law as ‘the maximum that custom could concede, and the minimum (that is to say, formal acknowledgment) that the theory had to demand’. Challenging this interpretation, this article argues that ḥiyal were not exclusively the product of commercial customs that were unrelated to the jurists’ ideal law. In actual fact, the diverging contractual theories of the Sunni maḏāhib contributed to the development of diverse ḥiyal practices, whose social acceptance in medieval trade was correspondingly fostered (or rejected) by underlying fiqh doctrines.
9

Jones, Andrea F. "Madness in Medieval Law and Custom ed. by Wendy J. Turner." Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 42, no. 1 (2011): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2011.0004.

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Aryamov, A. A., and V. V. Kulakov. "THE AMALFI CODE (TABULA AMALFITANA): PUBLIC LAW PROVISIONS OF PRIVATE LAW ORIGIN." Вестник Пермского университета. Юридические науки, no. 1 (59) (2023): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1995-4190-2023-59-6-23.

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Introduction: many modern legal institutions were originated and developed significantly in the law of the Italian city-states in the medieval period, which makes it important to study individual sources of medieval Italian law. Purpose: to introduce into scientific discourse the historical and legal doctrine of the Amalfi Code, which is a documentary monument of the 11th century. Objectives: to translate the available text of this document from the lingua franca; to describe the historical background of its creation; to establish the relationship between custom and statutory law in the legal practices of medieval Italy (through the example of the city of Amalfi); to perform institutional analysis of the text; to determine the relationship of private law and public law provisions; to assess the influence of the Amalfi Code’s legacy on the modern Russian legal framework. Methods: the universal dialectical-materialistic method of scientific cognition; deterministic, logical, and historical methods (the last one as formulated by the ancient historian Thucydides, involving the study of the prerequisites, economic and socio-geographical background, driving forces, subsequent influence of historical events). Results: the paper introduces the Amalfi Code into scientific legal discourse; the content of its text is explained in the context of historical events preceding, accompanying, and following the creation of this legal act. Its corresponding connections with Roman law, Arabic law, legal customs, and the medieval practice of law enforcement are studied. The legal institutions that were formalized in the document are analyzed through the prism of a symbiosis of the provisions of private and public law. From the perspective of ideas about the spiral process of social evolution, this phenomenon is currently manifested in the design of the national anti-corruption policy model in Russia: one of the most effective countermeasures aimed against such a criminal law phenomenon as corruption is appropriation of civil servants’ assets burdened with a defect in declaring that is performed under civil law (see subitem 8 of Item 2 of Article 235 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The paper provides an analysis of the views of medieval jurists on the institution of financial insolvency/bankruptcy as a type of highly qualified fraud; parallels with this phenomenon in the modern Russian legal space are drawn. Conclusion: the study of the Amalfi Code made it possible to identify trends and patterns in the evolution of the legal system of the medieval thalassocratic city-states and to extrapolate them to modern legal realities.

Дисертації з теми "Custom medieval law":

1

Davis, Donald R. "The boundaries of law : tradition, 'custom, ' and politics in late medieval Kerala /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Книги з теми "Custom medieval law":

1

Turner, Wendy J. Madness in medieval law and custom. Leiden: Brill, 2010.

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2

Davis, Donald R. The boundaries of Hindu law: Tradition, custom and politics in medieval Kerala. Torino: Comitato "Corpus Iuris Sanscriticum et fontes iuris Asiae Meridianae et Centralis, 2004.

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3

Stacey, Robin Chapman. The road to judgment: From custom to court in medieval Ireland and Wales. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.

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4

Fleming, Robin. Domesday book and the law: Society and legal custom in early medieval England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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5

1920-, Lyon Bryce Dale, Bachrach Bernard S. 1939-, and Nicholas David 1939-, eds. Law, custom, and the social fabric in medieval Europe: Essays in honor of Bryce Lyon. Kalamazoo, Mich: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1990.

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6

Carlsberg Academy Conference on Medieval Legal History (5th 2008 Copenhagen, Denmark). Custom: The development and use of a legal concept in the Middle Ages : proceedings of the Fifth Carlsberg Academy Conference on Medieval Legal History 2008. Copenhagen: DJØF Pub., 2009.

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7

Carlsberg Academy Conference on Medieval Legal History (5th 2008 Copenhagen, Denmark). Custom: The development and use of a legal concept in the Middle Ages : proceedings of the Fifth Carlsberg Academy Conference on Medieval Legal History 2008. Copenhagen: DJØF Pub., 2009.

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8

White, Stephen D. Custom, kinship, and gifts to saints: The laudatio parentum in western France, 1050-1150. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988.

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9

England) Byzantine Colloquium (2008 London. Law, custom, and justice in late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Proceedings of the 2008 Byzantine Colloquium. [London]: Centre for Hellenic Studies, 2011.

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10

Bracton, Henry de. On the laws and customs of England. Buffalo, N.Y: W.S. Hein, 1997.

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Частини книг з теми "Custom medieval law":

1

Eldridge, Lorren. "Early Studies of Medieval Local Custom." In Law and the Medieval Village Community, 81–122. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003340782-4.

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Eldridge, Lorren. "Custom and the Medieval English Village Community." In Law and the Medieval Village Community, 159–214. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003340782-6.

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3

Della Misericordia, Massimo. "Nondimeno. Una nota sul linguaggio dell’eccezione e della circostanza nel Carteggio sforzesco." In Reti Medievali E-Book, 95–110. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-423-6.06.

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On the basis of the recent monograph by C. Ginzburg and G. Pedullà’s review, it is possible to identify the word nondimanco/nondimeno (nonetheless) as an important element in Renaissance political writing. However, it does not only appear in the work of Machiavelli or Guicciardini and in the more conscious reflections by the intellectuals, but also in the huge amount of letters that constitute the government correspondence of the time. In these kinds of pragmatic texts, referring to the state of Milan in the Sforza age, it recurs as a key word of a dilemma: the friction between law and transgression (or exception considered legitimate) and also between law and practice. On one hand, it expresses an assumption invested in value: the duke must honor his promises and the contents of the chapters agreed on with his subjects; custom demands respect; factional divisions must be overcome. At the same time it reveals the concern that this principle could be trampled upon, or instead the will, if not the need, to attenuate the more general rule. This conjunction thus summarized the requirement to nuance the law, to adapt it to circumstance, and to conciliate potentially conflicting rights or reasons. In short, it stands as an indicator of one of the main causes of open tensions in the late medieval state, debated by a long tradition of scholars ranging from O. Brunner to R. Fubini: the opposition between the authority of the prince, as arbiter of the exception requested from time to time from the same variety of concrete situations, and the legalistic culture of the territorial bodies, which, referring to law and custom, tempted to stem the “extraordinary” powers that the duke was attributing to himself.
4

Kim, Marie Seong-Hak. "Custom in Late Medieval France." In Custom, Law, and Monarchy, 29–63. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845498.003.0002.

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The idea of the dynamic movement of law—diffusion of legal institutions, rules, and culture—is deeply embedded in European legal history since antiquity. All the while, a potent spirit of local custom has sustained national history, forming an equally integral part of Europe’s legal tradition. This chapter examines the sources of law in late medieval France and the doctrine of custom. It also discusses the growth of royal justice and the relationship between private law and political power. An overview of major historiographical debates concerning the theory and nature of custom sheds light on the question as to whether the notion of common law (droit commun) emerged autonomously in France or only after custom was written down on the model of Roman law as jus commune.
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Raffield, Paul. "Custom and Common Law." In The Cambridge Companion to Medieval English Law and Literature, 40–53. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316848296.004.

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Iurlaro, Francesca. "The Problematic of Custom in Roman and Canon Law." In The Invention of Custom, 21–42. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897954.003.0002.

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This chapter offers an overview of the concept of custom in the Roman and canon law tradition to introduce some problematic aspects in the theorization of custom. While this chapter has no pretensions of exhaustiveness, as an accurate analysis of the Roman and medieval account of custom would inevitably fall outside the scope of this book, it mainly aims to set the stage for the early modern reprisal of the concept. Two aspects appear crucial for this reprisal: custom’s ability to navigate the dynamic between universal principles and the necessities of local communities; and second, custom’s controversial relationship with ius gentium.
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Trenchard-Smith, Margaret. "Insanity, Exculpation and Disempowerment in Byzantine Law." In Madness in Medieval Law and Custom, 39–55. BRILL, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004187443_004.

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Turner, Wendy J. "Preliminary Material." In Madness in Medieval Law and Custom, i—xv. BRILL, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004187443_001.

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Turner, Wendy J. "Introduction." In Madness in Medieval Law and Custom, 1–16. BRILL, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004187443_002.

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Turner, Wendy J. "Town and Country: A Comparison of the Treatment of the Mentally Disabled in Late Medieval English Common Law and Chartered Boroughs." In Madness in Medieval Law and Custom, 17–38. BRILL, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004187443_003.

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