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Nazarov, Yuli V. "Mesoscopic fluctuations of spin currents." New Journal of Physics 9, no. 9 (September 28, 2007): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/9/9/352.
Deguchi, Ichiro, Mamoru Arita, and Takumi Yoshii. "FLUCTUATION OF RIP CURRENT MEASURED IN SHALLOW WATER REGION WITH SMALL TIDAL RANGE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 25, 2011): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.currents.44.
Disappearance and formation processes of rip channel are discussed based on the field measurements of wave height, current velocity, bottom topography and flow pattern of near-shore current. Sudden increase in wave height together with the change in the wave direction took place during a half day caused these phenomena and rip current rose and fell according to the transition of the bottom topography. Furthermore, flow pattern of rip current was not steady but transformed itself with low frequency fluctuations of the period of few minutes. It is found that such low frequency fluctuations are caused by the intrinsic fluctuations of the incident waves (grouping waves) through the numerical simulations.
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Kim, Jae-Chang, and Sang-Shin Kwak. "Frequency-Domain Characteristics of Series DC Arcs in Photovoltaic Systems with Voltage-Source Inverters." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 8042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228042.
In this study, the frequency characteristics of series DC arcs are analyzed according to the types of frequency fluctuations caused by inverters in photovoltaic (PV) systems. These frequency fluctuation types used in analysis include centralized frequency fluctuations by three-phase inverter, spread frequency fluctuations by three-phase inverter, and centralized frequency fluctuations by single-phase inverter. To collect arc current data, the frequency fluctuations are generated by inverters in the arc-generating circuit, designed by referring to UL1699B, and the arcs are generated by separating the arc rods of the arc generator. The frequency analysis of the arc current data, collected using an oscilloscope, is conducted using MATLAB. From the results of the frequency characteristics analysis, it is confirmed that the frequencies in the range from 5 to 40 kHz increase after arc generation regardless of the type of frequency fluctuation. In addition, the smaller the current, the greater the increase in frequencies between 5 and 40 kHz after arc generation. Further, in case of arc currents with centralized frequency fluctuations, for larger switching frequencies, the 5 to 40 kHz components increase to a greater extent after arcing.
The expected amplitude of fixed-point sea surface temperature (SST) fluctuations induced by barotropic and baroclinic tidal flows is estimated from tidal current atlases and SST observations. The fluctuations considered are the result of the advection of pre-existing SST fronts by tidal currents. They are thus confined to front locations and exhibit fine-scale spatial structures. The amplitude of these tidally induced SST fluctuations is proportional to the scalar product of SST frontal gradients and tidal currents. Regional and global estimations of these expected amplitudes are presented. We predict barotropic tidal motions produce SST fluctuations that may reach amplitudes of 0.3 K. Baroclinic (internal) tides produce SST fluctuations that may reach values that are weaker than 0.1 K. The amplitudes and the detectability of tidally induced fluctuations of SST are discussed in the light of expected SST fluctuations due to other geophysical processes and instrumental (pixel) noise. We conclude that actual observations of tidally induced SST fluctuations are a challenge with present-day observing systems.
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Suo, Yuchen, Xinda Song, Zhendong Wu, Ziqi Yuan, Le Jia, and Tengyue Long. "Light-noise suppression method for the single-beam optically-pumped magnetometer arrays." Optics Express 31, no. 13 (June 9, 2023): 21280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.489172.
We propose a miniaturized single-beam optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) with a laser power differential structure, along with a dynamically-adjusted detection circuit. This design enables the suppression of optical fluctuation noise and the enhancement of magnetometer sensitivity. For a single-beam OPM, pump light fluctuation noise is a significant contributor to output noise. To address this, we propose an OPM with a laser differential structure that separates the pump light as a part of the reference signal before it enters the cell. The reference current and OPM output current are then subtracted to suppress the noise introduced by pump light fluctuations. To achieve optimal optical noise suppression, we implement balanced homodyne detection (BHD) with real-time current adjustment, which dynamically adjusts the reference ratio between the two currents according to their amplitude. Ultimately, we can reduce the noise introduced by pump light fluctuations by 47% of the original. The OPM with laser power differential achieves a sensitivity of 17.5 fT/Hz1/2, with the optical fluctuation equivalent noise at 13 fT/Hz1/2.
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Wirth, Achim, and Bertrand Chapron. "Empirical evidence of a fluctuation theorem for the wind mechanical power input into the ocean." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 28, no. 3 (August 4, 2021): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-28-371-2021.
Abstract. Ocean dynamics is predominantly driven by the shear stress between the atmospheric winds and ocean currents. The mechanical power input to the ocean is fluctuating in space and time and the atmospheric wind sometimes decelerates the ocean currents. Building on 24 years of global satellite observations, the input of mechanical power to the ocean is analysed. A fluctuation theorem (FT) holds when the logarithm of the ratio between the occurrence of positive and negative events, of a certain magnitude of the power input, is a linear function of this magnitude and the averaging period. The flux of mechanical power to the ocean shows evidence of a FT for regions within the recirculation area of the subtropical gyre but not over extensions of western boundary currents. A FT puts a strong constraint on the temporal distribution of fluctuations of power input, connects variables obtained with different lengths of temporal averaging, guides the temporal down- and up-scaling and constrains the episodes of improbable events.
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Petržílka, V., and B. Balescu. "Toroidal currents and radial transport driven by ponderomotive forces of fluctuations in a plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 53, no. 3 (June 1995): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800018201.
Non-resonant ponderomotive force theory is applied to fluctuating electromagnetic fields in a plasma. Bootstrap-type relations between the radial transport velocity and the toroidal current driven by fluctuations are also discussed in the case of non-zero ponderomotive forces proportional to d/dr. A special case of fluctuating fields as measured in the SHEILA heliac is discussed.
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Yoshioka, Hideo, and Hidetoshi Fukuyama. "Fluctuations of Josephson Currents and Persistent Currents in Mesoscopic Spin Glass Systems." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 62, no. 2 (February 15, 1993): 612–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.62.612.
Gargett, Ann E., and Dana K. Savidge. "Separation of Short Time Series of Currents into “Fluctuations,” “Tides,” and “Mean” Flow." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 33, no. 5 (May 2016): 1089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-15-0232.1.
AbstractWith standard low-frequency velocity data from current meter moorings, pressure gradient–driven mean flow is determined by low-pass filtering, while tides are estimated by fitting tidal constituents, with accuracy and numbers of constituents determined by record length. With the advent of higher-frequency measurements from cabled coastal ocean observatories, current data also include supertidal variability (fluctuation) associated with a variety of turbulent and internal wave processes. To examine the relationships of such fluctuations to variability of the tides and/or potentially time-variable mean flows within which they are embedded, it is highly desirable to find a method whereby these flow components can be separated over relatively short periods of intensified event-scale forcing. A method is presented that first isolates “fluctuations” and then separates the remaining longer time-scale variability into “tides” and a remaining “mean,” without recourse to extraction of a fitted tide with the error inherent in such a fit over short data records.
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Eckern, Ulrich, and Albert Schmid. "Stochastic fluctuations of persistent currents in mesoscopic rings." Annalen der Physik 505, no. 2 (1993): 180–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.19935050209.
Ceballos, Lina Isabel. "North pacific gyre oscillation synchronizes climate fluctuations in the eastern and western boundary systems." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26552.
Thesis (M. S.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. Committee Chair: Di Lorenzo, Emanuele; Committee Member: Bracco, Annalisa; Committee Member: Webster, Peter J.. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Motz, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Heat transport in open quantum chains: currents, fluctuations, and rectification / Thomas Motz." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1184429863/34.
Ballu, Xavier. "Measurement of equilibrium supercurrent noise in superconductor-normal ring and current-phase relation of helical hinge states of tungsten ditelluride." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP189.
Une jonction SNS formée par un matériau non-supraconducteur (N) entre deux contacts supraconducteurs (S) peut être traversée par un supercourant porté par des états liés d'Andreev (ABS) qui est déterminé par la différence de phase supraconductrice aux bornes des contacts supraconducteurs. La valeur de ce courant et sa dynamique sont des sondes très sensibles des propriétés de transport cohérent et topologique dans le matériau non-supraconducteur.Une première expérience dans laquelle un fil mésoscopique (Au) est inséré dans un anneau supraconducteur a permis d'explorer la dynamique des ABS. A température finie, les fluctuations thermiques des ABS doivent donner lieu à des fluctuations du supercourant et donc à une dissipation à fréquence finie dont l'amplitude dépend de leur temps de relaxation comme prédit par le théorème fluctuation-dissipation. En couplant cet anneau à un résonateur supraconducteur nous avons réussi à mesurer indépendamment les fluctuations du supercourant à l'équilibre et la dissipation qui apparait quand on soumet l'anneau à un flux magnétique oscillant. Cette expérience constitue la première confirmation de ce théorème dans une jonction SNS.Dans une seconde partie, nous avons mis en évidence le caractère topologique du ditellure de tungstène (WTe2) à travers la mesure de la relation supercourant/phase en utilisant un dispositif d'interférence quantique supraconducteur (SQUID) asymétrique, constitué de deux jonctions SNS en parallèle. La forme en dent de scie de la relation courant-phase pour une facette latérale du cristal et la survie du supercourant à fort champ magnétique révèlent le caractère balistique et unidimensionnel du transport le long de certaines arêtes sur plus de 500 nm. Ceci est une signature de la présence d'états unidimensionnels protégés du désordre dans ce matériaux confirmant les prédictions d'une phase proche d'un isolant topologique d'ordre supérieur pour ce matériau An SNS junction formed by a non-superconducting material (N) between two superconducting contacts (S) can sustain a supercurrent carried by Andreev bound states (ABS) which is determined by the superconducting phase difference across the superconducting contacts. The value of this current and its dynamics are very sensitive probes of the coherent and topological transport properties in the non-superconducting material.An initial experiment in which a mesoscopic wire (Au) is inserted into a superconducting ring has made it possible to explore the dynamics of the ABS. At finite temperature, thermal fluctuations in ABS should give rise to fluctuations in the supercurrent and therefore to a finite-frequency dissipation, the amplitude of which depends on their relaxation time, as predicted by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. By coupling this ring to a superconducting resonator, we were able to measure independently the fluctuations in the supercurrent at equilibrium and the dissipation that occurs when the ring is subjected to an oscillating magnetic flux. This experiment constitutes the first confirmation of this theorem in an SNS junction.In the second part, we demonstrated the topological character of tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) by measuring the supercurrent/phase relation using an asymmetric superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), consisting of two SNS junctions in parallel. The sawtooth shape of the current-phase relation for a lateral facet of the crystal and the robustness of the supercurrent at high magnetic field reveals the ballistic and one-dimensional character of the transport along certain edges over more than 500 nm. This is a signature of the presence of one-dimensional states protected from disorder in this material, confirming the predictions of a phase close to a higher-order topological insulator for this material
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Škvarenina, Ľubomír. "Charakterizácia tenkovrstvových solárnych článkov a analýza mikroštruktúrnych defektov." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-447549.
Thin-film solar cells based on an absorber layer of chalcogenide compounds (CIGS, CdTe) are today among the most promising photovoltaic technologies due to their long-term ability to gain a foothold in mass commercial production as an alternative to conventional Si solar cells. Despite this success, the physical origin of the defects present in the thin films are still insufficiently elucidated, especially in the compounds of the chalcopyrite family Cu(In_{1x},Ga_{x})(S_{y},Se_{1y})_{2}. The research focuses on the identification and analysis of microstructural defects responsible for the electrical instability of chalcopyrite-based thin-film solar cells with a typical heterostructure arrangement ZnO:Al/i-ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se_{2}/Mo. The non-uniform polycrystalline nature of semiconductor materials in this complex multilayer structure requires a comprehensive analysis of electro-optical, structural and compositional properties associated with the actual morphology at the macroscopic, microscopic or even nanoscopic level. The observed predominant ohmic or non-ohmic current conduction in the dark transport characteristics was also reflected in the slope deviations of the excessive noise fluctuations, which were in the spectral domain exclusively in the form of flicker noise with dependency S_{i} ~ f^{1}. Spatially resolved electroluminescence based on stimulated photon emission by charge carriers injecting into the depletion region, not only showed a significantly inhomogeneous distribution of intensity in planar heterojunction under forward bias, but also revealed light emitting local spots in reverse bias due to a trap-assisted radiative recombination through the high density of defect states. Microscopic examination of the defect-related light emitting spots revealed rather extensive defective complexes with many interruptions through the layers, especially at the heterojunction CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se_{2} interface. Besides, the high leakage current via these defective complexes subsequently led to a considerable local overheating, which caused a clearly observable structural and morphological changes, such as deviations in absorber layer stoichiometry due to Cu–In–Ga–Se segregation, Cu-rich and Ga-rich grains formation with an occurrence of Se-poor or Cu_{x}Se_{y} secondary phases regions, material redeposition accompanied by evaporation of ZnO:Al/i-ZnO/CdS layers together with the formation of Se structures on the surface around the defects. Within the research, analytical modelling of transport characteristics was implemented with parameters extraction of individual transport mechanisms to understand the non-ohmic shunt behaviour due to leakage current. In addition to the proper current path along the main heterojunction, the proposed model contains parasitic current pathways as a consequence of recombination-dominated charge transport or current conduction facilitated by multi-step tunnelling via high density of mid-gap defect states in the depletion region, ohmic leakage current caused by pinholes or low-resistance paths along grain boundaries in Cu(In,Ga)Se_{2}, or space-charge limited current due to metals diffusion from the ZnO:Al layer and grid Ag contacts through disruptions in i-ZnO/CdS layers.
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Mayer, Peter (Peter Matthew) 1978. "Current fluctuations in semiconductor devices." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87247.
Zorkot, Mira. "Current fluctuations in ionic nanopores." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0a8def87-04ee-4f5f-8619-92000d70b7f2.
From electrical current to ecological and biological systems, fluctuations are characterised based on the frequency dependence of the power spectral density. Surprisingly - given the diversity of the systems considered - the power spectra of many systems reveal an inverse power- law dependence on the frequency f in certain regimes. This ubiquitous phenomenon famously known as '1/f noise' has triggered an abundance of investigations aimed at understanding its mechanism. Recently, '1/f noise' has also been observed in the ionic electric current through biological ion channels, nanometre-scale membrane pores and solid-state nanopores. Identifying and understanding the source of 1/f noise in nanopores emerges as a crucial prerequisite to design nanopore systems for their use in technological devices, such as nanopore- based DNA sequencers. At the same time, the current power spectrum in nanopores contains a wealth of information which, if extracted, would help towards a detailed characterisation of the nanopore's microscopic properties. To analyse the mechanism behind the occurrence of 1/f in nanopores, we study nanopores using Langevin-dynamics simulations and analytical methods. Ions move through the pore driven by an applied electric field, and the induced current is recorded. The power spectral density calculated from this data indicates the existence of a power law frequency dependence in an extended frequency regime. To verify a series of conclusions drawn from experimental investigations, we systematically vary all parameters characterising the system, including the geometry, the electric field, the ion density and the flexibility of the pore wall. Furthermore, we derive an analytical expression for the current power spectral density and compare it to the results from the Langevin-dynamics simulations. Finally, we evaluate the role of hydrodynamic interactions and find that it does not induce any major changes in the current power spectral density. Our studies allow us to uncover the mechanism that leads to the power law behaviour: interactions among the ionic components.
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Wiener, Alexander David. "Non-equilibrium current fluctuations in graphene." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47737.
We analyze experimental evidence of transport through evanescent waves in graphene, reconciling existing experimental data with theory. We propose novel experimental geometries that provide even more compelling evidence of evanescent waves. We investigate the shot noise generated by evanescent modes in graphene for several experimental setups. For two impurity-free graphene strips kept at the Dirac point by gate potentials, separated by a long highly doped region, we find that the Fano factor takes the universal value F=1/4. For a large superlattice consisting of many strips gated to the Dirac point, interspersed among doped regions, we find F=1/(8ln2). These results differ from the value F=1/3 predicted for a disordered metal, providing an unambiguous experimental signature of evanescent mode transport in graphene. For a graphene nano-ribbon transistor geometry, we explain that the experimentally observed anomalous voltage scale of the shot noise can arise from doping by the contacts to the electrical circuit. These observations provide strong evidence of evanescent mode transport in graphene.
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Lee, Hyunwoo. "Electric current fluctuations in mesoscopic systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38380.
Haney, Robert L. Estimating subpycnocline density fluctuations in the California Current region from upper ocean observations. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1994.
Christiano, Lawrence J. Current real business cycle theories and aggregate labor market fluctuations. Minneapolis: Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics, 1990.
Bell, Philip W. Current cost/constant dollar accounting and its uses in the managerial decision-making process. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas, 1986.
Yoshioka, H., and H. Fakuyama. "Fluctuations of Josephson Currents in Mesoscopic Systems." In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 263–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84818-6_24.
Benoit, A., C. Chapelier, P. Perrier, M. El-Khatib, and D. Mailly. "Conductance Fluctuations and Persistent Currents in Mesoscopic Systems." In Springer Series in Electronics and Photonics, 191–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77274-0_22.
Schroeder, William W., William J. Wiseman, and Scott P. Dinnel. "Wind and River Induced Fluctuations in a Small, Shallow, Tributary Estuary." In Residual Currents and Long-term Transport, 481–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9061-9_33.
Robertson, J. S., M. J. Jacobson, and W. L. Siegmann. "On the Calculation of Acoustic Intensity Fluctuations Caused by Ocean Currents." In Progress in Underwater Acoustics, 411–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1871-2_47.
Yamamoto, Kei, Sophie Fischer-Holzhausen, Maria P. Fjeldstad, and Mary M. Maleckar. "Ordinary Differential Equation-based Modeling of Cells in Human Cartilage." In Computational Physiology, 25–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05164-7_3.
AbstractChondrocytes produce the extracellular cartilage matrix required for smooth joint mobility. As cartilage is not vascularised, and chondrocytes are not innervated by the nervous system, chondrocytes are therefore generally considered non-excitable. However, chondrocytes do express a range of ion channels, ion pumps, and receptors involved in cell homeostasis and cartilage maintenance. Dysfunction in these ion channels and pumps has been linked to degenerative disorders such as arthritis. Because the electrophysiological properties of chondrocytes are difficult to measure experimentally, mathematical modelling can instead be used to investigate the regulation of ionic currents. Such models can provide insight into the finely tuned parameters underlying fluctuations in membrane potential and cell behaviour in healthy and pathological conditions. Here, we introduce an open-source, intuitive, and extendable mathematical model of chondrocyte electrophysiology, implementing key proteins involved in regulating the membrane potential. Because of the inherent biological variability of cells and their physiological ranges of ionic concentrations, we describe a population of models that provides a robust computational representation of the biological data. This permits parameter variability in a manner mimicking biological variation, and we present a selection of parameter sets that suitably represent experimental data. Our mathematical model can be used to efficiently investigate the ionic currents underlying chondrocyte behaviour.
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Pulkkinen, A. "Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Ground Electromagnetic Field Fluctuations in the Auroral Region and Implications on the Predictability of Geomagnetically Induced Currents." In Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 299–310. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5446-7_26.
Bird, G. "Can International Currency Taxation Stabilise Currency Fluctuations?" In Economic Management in a Volatile Environment, 73–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137371522_4.
Factor, Stewart A. "Medical Therapy for Fluctuations in Parkinson’s Disease." In Current Clinical Neurology, 11–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97897-0_3.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Currents fluctuations":
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Iannaccone, Giuseppe. "Modeling of Suppressed Shot Noise in Stress-Induced Leakage Currents." In NOISE AND FLUCTUATIONS: 18th International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations - ICNF 2005. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2036732.
Martinez, F. "Contributions of Channel Gate and Overlap Gate Currents on 1/f Gate Current Noise for Thin Oxide Gate p-MOSFETs." In NOISE AND FLUCTUATIONS: 18th International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations - ICNF 2005. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2036741.
Hohls, F., C. Fricke, W. Wegscheider, and R. J. Haug. "Single electron counting statistics for atto-Ampere currents through a semiconductor quantum dot." In NOISE AND FLUCTUATIONS: 19th International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations; ICNF 2007. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2759669.
Dumont, Alexandre, Pierre Février, Christian Lupien, and Bertrand Reulet. "Probability Currents in Out-of-Equilibrium Microwave Circuits." In 2023 International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnf57520.2023.10472767.
Hong, Sung-min. "Governing Equations of the Green’s Functions for the Short-Circuit Terminal Noise Currents in Semiconductor Devices." In NOISE AND FLUCTUATIONS: 18th International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations - ICNF 2005. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2036866.
Szlosek, Marcin, Boguslaw Swiatek, and Zbigniew Hanzelka. "Application of neural networks to voltage fluctuations measurement — neural networks flickermeter." In 2008 International School on Nonsinusoidal Currents and Compensation (ISNCC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isncc.2008.4627515.
Michalski, M., and G. Wiczynski. "Estimation of parameters for obnoxious load which does not increase amplitude of voltage fluctuations." In 2015 International School on Nonsinusoidal Currents and Compensation (ISNCC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isncc.2015.7174715.
Tacano, M., H. Ohya, N. Tanuma, and Josef Sikula. "Poole frenkel currents and 1/f noise characteristics of high voltage MLCCs." In 2011 21st International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnf.2011.5994364.
Łuczka, J. "Can Self-Sustaining Currents Be Induced In A System Of Mesoscopic Rings?" In UNSOLVED PROBLEMS OF NOISE AND FLUCTUATIONS: UPoN 2005: Fourth International Conference on Unsolved Problems of Noise and Fluctuations in Physics, Biology, and High Technology. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2138614.
Karboyan, S., J. G. Tartarin, N. Labat, and B. Lambert. "Gate and drain low frequency noise of ALGAN/GAN HEMTs featuring high and low gate leakage currents." In 2013 International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnf.2013.6578954.
Jacobson, M. J., W. L. Siegmann, and J. S. Robertson. On the Calculation of Acoustic Intensity Fluctuations Caused by Ocean Currents. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada171720.
Chen, Weixing. PR378-173601-Z01 Effect of Pressure Fluctuations on the Growth Rate of Near-Neutral pH SCC. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012112.
This report summarizes the work completed in PRCI SCC-2-12A project: The Effect of Pressure Fluctuations on the Growth Rate of Near-Neutral pH SCC, which is Phase 3 of the work on the same subject of investigation. The following insights from the current phase of the PRCI SCC-2-12A project are thought to be the most important: - Near neutral pH crack initiation is pressure-fluctuation dependent. Severe pressure fluctuations accelerate the fracture and spallation of mill scale on the pipeline steel surfaces, making it harder to initiate SCC cracks from the bottom of pits that are developed at flawed mill scale sites. On the other hand, the presence of a primer layer before application of the protective coating preserves the mill scale on the pipe steel surface and promotes crack initiation. - The early-stage crack growth primarily features crack length extension on the pipe surface but limited crack growth in the depth direction. Three different mechanisms of crack length extension have been identified, including that determined by the geometry of coating disbondment, a chaotic process of crack coalescence, and the ability of existing cracks to induce further crack initiation and growth. This latter process is pressure-fluctuation sensitive. - A complete set of equations governing crack growth in Stage 2 has been established based on experimental specimens with surface cracks under mechanical loading conditions realistic to pressure fluctuations during the operation of oil and gas pipelines. - The contribution to crack growth by direct dissolution of the steel at the crack tip has been determined, which has been found to be crack depth-dependent and pressure-fluctuation-sensitive. Gas pipelines operated under high mean pressure show higher rates of dissolution. - The severity of crack growth and the accuracy of the predictive model can be significantly affected by crack tip morphology, either sharp or blunt, and this would yield different threshold values for Stage 2 crack growth and therefore different lengths of remaining life. - Full scale testing was performed and has validated the crack growth models contained herein. - The PipeOnline software has been revised to incorporate the new experimental results obtained from the current PRCI SCC 2-12A project. This PipeOnline software was previously developed from the two earlier phases of the PRCI project.
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Shen, W., R. N. Dexter, and S. C. Prager. Current density fluctuations and ambipolarity of transport. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10109823.
Shen, W., R. N. Dexter, and S. C. Prager. Current density fluctuations and ambipolarity of transport. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6134418.
Shen, Weimin. Measurement of current density fluctuations and ambipolar particle flux due to magnetic fluctuations in MST. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7273865.
Shen, Weimin. Measurement of current density fluctuations and ambipolar particle flux due to magnetic fluctuations in MST. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10174846.
Nielsen, Lars. PR-466-143602-R01 The Impact of Fluctuations in AC Interference on the Corrosion Risk for Buried Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010695.
The objective of paper is to study the effect of fluctuating AC interference phenomenon (AC interference time duration and level of AC interferences) on the corrosion risk of pipelines. This fluctuation typically represents the actual condition experienced by the pipeline but is not entirely captured or discussed in current guidelines or standards (e.g., the EN 15280:2013) which operates only with average values over a representative period of time. This study involves systematic laboratory investigations of fluctuating AC voltage levels (0, 6, 25, and 40 V) for various time durations and the comparison of the resulting corrosion rates. The DC ON-potential has been kept constant at four different levels (-1100, -1250, -1500, and -1750 mV CSE). The corrosion rates have been measured on weight loss coupons as well as ER probes in circular and rectangular shapes. Conditions and resulting corrosion rates for fluctuating AC conditions have been compared with conditions and corrosion rates obtained in reference experiments with constant AC. Potential mapping of the experimental setup has been made to verify the setup, which was found to be satisfactory. It also underlines the importance of a proper experimental design for laboratory scale AC corrosion investigations.
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Bane, John M. Observations of the Current Structure and Energetics of Gulf Stream Fluctuations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada221798.
Haney, Robert L., Robert A. Hale, and Curtis A. Collins. Estimating Subpycnocline Density Fluctuations in the California Current Region from Upper Ocean Observations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada277278.
Parsley, David, and Shang-Jin Wei. Convergence to the Law of One Price Without Trade Barriers or Currency Fluctuations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5654.
