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Canada is a large country with a great diversity of native plant material. Many of the native genera and species are related to crop plants. A review of different crop groupings revealed that over 30% of native plant material is related to crop species at the generic level. Fruit crops (111 species) and forage and turfgrass (138 species) crops had the highest number of related wild species. Nut crop species had relatively few native representatives (11 species) as did cereal, oilseed and other field crops (18 species). Special and minor acreage crops were represented by 86 species while landscape plants were represented by 137 genera. Forest trees are an important economic resource. Over 70 species of coniferous and deciduous trees are native to Canada. Many species, particularly in the fruit crop grouping, could be identified as world resources (e.g. Amelanchier) with the major part of their distribution occurring on Canadian soil. A concerted effort is needed to identify which species are endangered so that they can be preserved on a long-term basis. More research is needed to identify other long-term conservation goals coupled with crop development programs. Key words: Genetic conservation, Canada, wild plants, biodiversity
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Rector, Lucas S., Kara B. Pittman, Shawn C. Beam, Kevin W. Bamber, Charles W. Cahoon, William H. Frame, and Michael L. Flessner. "Herbicide carryover to various fall-planted cover crop species." Weed Technology 34, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.79.
AbstractResidual herbicides applied to summer cash crops have the potential to injure subsequent winter annual cover crops, yet little information is available to guide growers’ choices. Field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Blacksburg and Suffolk, Virginia, to determine carryover of 30 herbicides commonly used in corn, soybean, or cotton on wheat, barley, cereal rye, oats, annual ryegrass, forage radish, Austrian winter pea, crimson clover, hairy vetch, and rapeseed cover crops. Herbicides were applied to bare ground either 14 wk before cover crop planting for a PRE timing or 10 wk for a POST timing. Visible injury was recorded 3 and 6 wk after planting (WAP), and cover crop biomass was collected 6 WAP. There were no differences observed in cover crop biomass among herbicide treatments, despite visible injury that suggested some residual herbicides have the potential to effect cover crop establishment. Visible injury on grass cover crop species did not exceed 20% from any herbicide. Fomesafen resulted in the greatest injury recorded on forage radish, with greater than 50% injury in 1 site-year. Trifloxysulfuron and atrazine resulted in greater than 20% visible injury on forage radish. Trifloxysulfuron resulted in the greatest injury (30%) observed on crimson clover in 1 site-year. Prosulfuron and isoxaflutole significantly injured rapeseed (17% to 21%). Results indicate that commonly used residual herbicides applied in the previous cash crop growing season result in little injury on grass cover crop species, and only a few residual herbicides could potentially affect the establishment of a forage radish, crimson clover, or rapeseed cover crop.
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Hutianskyi, R., S. Popov, V. Zuza, and N. Kuzmenko. "Weediness of corn for grain crops by cultivation in the stationary crop rotation and permanent crops in the Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 3 (September 26, 2022): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.3.15-19.
Goal. To determine the species composition of weed plants and their dominant role, to establish the type and level of weediness of corn crops for grain grown in stationary crop rotation and monoculture in the conditions of the Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. The research was carried out by route surveys of crops in field experiments.
results. Аccording to the research data in 2011—2017 in corn sowing for grain found 33 types of weedy pollinators that belonged tо 17 families and contaminants were found in corn for grain crops, of which the most common were Asteraceae (9 species), Poaceae (4 species) and Polygonaceae (4 species). There were found 25% fewer species of weed plants (24 species) in corn for grain crops in monoculture than in crop rotation (32 species). Among weed plants, spring early and late species prevailed (65.6% — in crop rotation; 62.5% — in monoculture). The main types of weeds (occurrence of the species from 78 to 100%) in crop rotation were Setaria glauсa (L.) Beauv., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Roem. et Schult., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L, Solanum nigrum L., Polygonum lapathifolium L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Convolvulus arvensis L., and in monoculture — C. album, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Xanthium strumarium L., C. arvense. According to the sum of the shares of dominance and subdominance among weed plants, C. arvense prevailed in crop rotation (78%), and X. strumarium prevailed in monoculture (100%). The type of weediness in corn for grain crops in crop rotation differed annually from the type of weediness in monoculture. For the most part, cereal annual weed species prevailed in crop rotation, and dicotyledonous weed species prevailed in monoculture. Under conditions of crop rotation, a lower level of weediness was observed almost every year than in monoculture.
Conclusions. The type of weediness in crops of corn for grain in crop rotation differs from the type of weediness in monoculture. for the most part, cereal annual weed species predominate in crop rotation, and dicotyledonous weed species predominate in monoculture.
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Smith, Richard G., Lesley W. Atwood, Fredric W. Pollnac, and Nicholas D. Warren. "Cover-Crop Species as Distinct Biotic Filters in Weed Community Assembly." Weed Science 63, no. 1 (March 2015): 282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-14-00071.1.
Cover crops represent a potentially important biological filter during weed community assembly in agroecosystems. This filtering could be considered directional if different cover-crop species result in weed communities with predictably different species composition. We examined the following four questions related to the potential filtering effects of cover crops in a field experiment involving five cover crops grown in monoculture and mixture: (1) Do cover crops differ in their effect on weed community composition? (2) Is competition more intense between cover crops and weeds that are in the same family or functional group? (3) Is competition more intense across weed functional types in a cover-crop mixture compared with cover crops grown in monocultures? (4) Within a cover-crop mixture, is a higher seeding rate associated with more effective biotic filtering of the weed community? We found some evidence that cover crops differentially filtered weed communities and that at least some of these filtering effects were due to differential biomass production across cover-crop species. Monocultures of buckwheat and sorghum–sudangrass reduced the number of weed species relative to the no-cover-crop control by an average of 36 and 59% (buckwheat) and 25 and 40% (sorghum–sudangrass) in 2011 and 2012, respectively. We found little evidence that competition intensity was dependent upon the family or functional classification of the cover crop or weeds, or that cover-crop mixtures were stronger assembly filters than the most effective monocultures. Although our results do not suggest that annual cover crops exert strong directional filtering during weed community assembly, our methodological framework for detecting such effects could be applied to similar future studies that incorporate a greater number of cover-crop species and are conducted under a greater range of cover-cropping conditions.
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Dempewolf, H., P. Bordoni, L. H. Rieseberg, and J. M. M. Engels. "Food Security: Crop Species Diversity." Science 328, no. 5975 (April 8, 2010): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.328.5975.169-e.
Diversity of wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in conventional and organic guarana (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis) crops in the Brazilian Amazon. The present study aimed to determine the diversity of wasp species associated with the guaraná crop and the difference in composition of species associated to organic and conventional crops, as well as among environments established in each management (adjacent forest, crop edge and guaraná crop). We collected 977 individuals and 59 species, in 23 genera of Vespidae, sixteen of Polistinae (52 species) and seven Eumeninae (seven species). Polybia was the most abundant and rich genus with 553 specimens and 15 species, followed by Agelaia (139, nine) and Protopolybia (103, five). In organic management crop, 686 individuals allocated in 18 genera and 47 species were collected, whereas in conventional management crop 291 individuals allocated in 18 genera and 41 species were collected. According to the three sampling points, in both management types, the edge of the crop field shows the highest abundance of wasps with a total of 519 individuals allocated in 19 genera and 45 species. Given the intense use of both environments (forest and crop) by the wasps, it is important to grow crops in regions near native forests, where the chances of social wasp colonies to be founded are increased.
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Cornelius, Cody D., and Kevin W. Bradley. "Herbicide Programs for the Termination of Various Cover Crop Species." Weed Technology 31, no. 4 (June 13, 2017): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2017.20.
The recent interest in cover crops as a component of Midwest corn and soybean production systems has led to a greater need to understand the most effective herbicide treatments for cover crop termination prior to planting corn or soybean. Previous research has shown that certain cover crop species can significantly reduce subsequent cash crop yields if not completely terminated. Two field experiments were conducted in 2013, 2014, and 2015 to determine the most effective herbicide program for the termination of winter wheat, cereal rye, crimson clover, Austrian winter pea, annual ryegrass, and hairy vetch; and cover crops were terminated in early April or early May. Visual control and above ground biomass reduction was determined 28 d after application (DAA). Control of grass cover crop species was often best with glyphosate alone or combined with 2,4-D, dicamba, or saflufenacil. The most consistent control of broadleaf cover crops occurred following treatment with glyphosate +2,4-D, dicamba, or saflufenacil. In general, control of cover crops was higher with early April applications compared to early May. In a separate study, control of 15-, 25-, and 75-cm tall annual ryegrass was highest with glyphosate at 2.8 kg ha−1or glyphosate at 1.4 kg ha−1plus clethodim at 0.136 kgha−1. Paraquat- or glufosinate-containing treatments did not provide adequate annual ryegrass control. For practitioners who desire higher levels of cover crop biomass, these results indicate that adequate levels of cover crop control can still be achieved in the late spring with certain herbicide treatments. But it is important to consider cover crop termination well in advance to ensure the most effective herbicide or herbicide combinations are used and the products are applied at the appropriate stage.
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Jaleta, Mulu, and Wondimagegnehu Tekalign. "Crop Loss and Damage by Primate Species in Southwest Ethiopia." International Journal of Ecology 2023 (January 6, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8332493.
Crop damage is a major form of human-primate conflict that not only affects the livelihoods of farmers living close to forest areas but also threatens nonhuman primate conservation. This study aimed to investigate the causes of crop loss and foraging by nonhuman primates in southwest Ethiopia. For the purpose of gathering data, we used a questionnaire and direct observation. We employed simple random sampling techniques to select villages and respondents. From the nine selected villages, a total of 130 household samples were identified for the questionnaire. The primates responsible for crop damage were olive baboons and grivet monkeys. Maize, barley, teff, potatoes, sorghum, and other crops were among those foraged by the nonhuman primate species. Farmland close to the woodland boundary suffered more damage than farmland further away. The total amount of maize damaged by the olive baboons and grivet monkeys in the selected kebeles varied significantly. The majority of the respondents used guarding, and a few of them used scarecrows to protect crops from damage by primates. The highest crop damage occurred in the Atiro Tigre and Arigno Gefere villages, while the lowest occurred in the Sedecha villages. The flowering stage of the maize suffered the most, and the seedling stage suffered the least, from grivet monkeys foraging. The growth of crops that are less edible to nonhuman primates, especially on the forest edges, would lessen crop damage.
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McDonald, Philip M. "Estimating seed crops of conifer and hardwood species." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 832–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-112.
Cone, acorn, and berry crops of ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa), sugar pine (Pinuslambertiana Dougl.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), California white fir (Abiesconcolor var. lowiana (Gord.) Lemm.), incense-cedar (Libocedrusdecurrens Torr.), California black oak (Quercuskelloggii Newb.), tan oak (Lithocarpusdensiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.), and Pacific madrone (Arbutusmenziesii Pursh) were evaluated over a 24-year period (1958–1981) from an area in northern California by an easy to use visual crop rating system. Seed-trap data, also for 24 years, were gathered for four conifer species. Together, these data provide the wild-land manager with knowledge on seed-crop quantity, quality, and timing. The visual rating system involves visually estimating the amount of fruit in trees and the proportion of trees with fruit, and ranking the crop by species. Regressions of sound seed and total seed on seed-crop rating are provided for the two species with the most seed crops: ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir. Regressions were significant at the 1% level, and coefficients of determination ranged from 0.58 to 0.76.
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Majlingová, Andrea, Martin Lieskovský, Milan Oravec, Marek Trenčiansky, and Rastislav Veľas. "Thermochemical properties of energy crop species planted in Slovakia." BioResources 16, no. 1 (December 8, 2020): 764–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.764-778.
In the last decades, a new phenomenon has arisen in connection with temporary or permanent non-use of land for agricultural activity, namely the cultivation of energy crops in these localities, because of growing demand for biomass as a fuel. Farmers are expected to sell energy crops and the fuels they produce, both at home and in the surrounding countries. To choose economically efficient energy crop species to cultivate, the thermochemical parameters of the crop should be used to support decision-making process of farmers. This paper summarizes the results of small-scale laboratory tests of three energy crop species planted in Slovakia – Sida hermaphrodita, Arundo donax, and Miscanthus × giganteus – used for determination of thermal and chemical properties of the energy crop species to evaluate their suitability for energy purposes. The most suitable species for energy purposes was found to be Miscanthus × giganteus with higher heating value of 19.6 MJ/kg, lower heating value of 14.8 MJ/kg (at moisture content of 17%), and ash mass of 2.67% dry mass (d.m.). From a lignin mass and activation energy point of view, the most suitable for energy purposes was Arundo donax, with a lignin mass of 20.5% d.m. and an activation energy of 124.2 kJ/mol.
Wilson, Susan Ann. "Response to SO2 exposure of crop species and important eucalyptus species in Australia." Thesis, Wilson, Susan Ann (1993) Response to SO2 exposure of crop species and important eucalyptus species in Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1993. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52515/.
The primary objective of this research was to investigate the impact of long-term exposure to SO2 on the growth and yield of major agricultural plant species and commercially important forest Eucalyptus species grown under Mediterranean climatic conditions in Australia; thereby providing the scientific criteria necessary for the development of air quality standards for sulphur dioxide (SO2) in Australia. There has been very little research on the response to SO2 of plants which grow in dry or Mediterranean climates; to date Australia has largely relied on overseas data to predict the impact of air pollutants on its agricultural and forestry industries. The vast majority of these data have been derived from studies on the effects of plants grown in cooler, moister climates. Vegetation grown in a Mediterranean climate, however, possesses certain biological features that enable success in such a climate; evidence suggests that the vegetations' response to SO2 may be different from that of other vegetation types. More particularly, as a most distinctive feature common to plants grown in Mediterranean climates is their drought stress resistance, it is possible that common mechanisms underlie the resistance of both drought stress and SO2 stress; this is explored at a theoretical level. As a consequence of biological differences, extrapolation from studies on plant species successful in cool, moist climates may be inappropriate in predicting the response to SO2 of Mediterranean climate vegetation.
The research was divided into two main areas. Firstly, the effects of long-term SO2 exposure on growth, yield and/or quality of the most important cereals, nitrogen-fixing pasture species and Eucalyptus tree species grown under Mediterranean climatic conditions in open-top chambers were studied. This resulted in a comprehensive documentation of the effects of SO2 on the most commercially important plants in Australia and the development of exposure-response models. Secondly, construction and analysis of a data base for all data derived in Australia was undertaken resulting in the establishment of generalised exposureresponse models to define the response to long-term SO2 exposure of agricultural species grown in a Mediterranean climate and the genus Eucalyptus. The data were derived from many experiments but represent a unique uniformity of sampling and exposure techniques. In all cases the most appropriate model to describe plant response to SO2 exposure was a regression between SO2 concentration and percentage yield change or the logarithm of percentage yield change; the models had the capacity to explain up to 75% of the variability in the data and were not improved by a number of transformations of either variable. The model limitations, conditions for application and areas highlighted by the study requiring further research are discussed.
The study provided several results which did not support the hypothesis that the genetic material, and therefore biological features, associated with the type of plants grown in Mediterranean regions of Australia would result in a response different to that of plants grown in other climatic regions. The findings suggested that as a group, agricultural plants adapted to water-limited conditions vary widely in their response to SO2 exposure and do not appear to differ in response from plants adapted to other climatic conditions. Therefore air quality standards developed overseas may be appropriate at a general level to protect agricultural plants. Eucalypts, however, appear to be amongst some of the most sensitive species to SO2 tested to date, world-wide and the transportation of overseas air quality standards would not be valid for their protection. It is postulated that this is, at least in part, attributable to their adaptation to low nutrient soils and to the fact that many species have the capacity, due to their root systems, to continue to transpire even under conditions of stress.
The research outlined derived empirical models to describe the response to a range of SO2 concentrations of agricultural species grown in a Mediterranean climate and Eucalyptus species. The next step in research should be aimed at defining exposure-response with a mechanistic basis for yield response thereby defining its qualitative and quantitative physiological basis. This would facilitate the achievement of a more complete description of plant response and provide a basis for extending the existing data to describe and predict potential plant responses to SO2 under a broader range of conditions.
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Fletcher, Penny Hazel. "The pollination of four wild plants species in crop fields." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533764.
Badakshi, Farah. "Genomes in the evolution of polyploid crop species and hybrids." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29061.
Many of the world’s crop species are recent polyploids. The various genomes from the diploid ancestors (known or, often, unknown) interact, with variable effects on genome packaging and nuclear organization (together the nuclear architecture), chromosome stability and gene expression. This project used a comparative approach to understand the genome composition in polyploids, focusing on millets in the Panicum group, saffron Crocus, Brassica and Nicotiana. In situ hybridization using DNA probes was used to identify the chromosomes and antibodies to synaptonemal complex, DNA repair and chromatin structure proteins including histones, which allow the understanding of the modulation of chromosome behaviour depending on the ancestral origin of the chromosomes, were used. The ancestors of proso millet, P. miliaceum (2n=4x=36), were identified as P. capillare and being the same as one genome in the 4x P. repens by in situ hybridization and ITS sequencing. A cell fusion hybrid of Nicotiana x sanderae + N. debneyi was confirmed, with demonstration of chromosome loss, by IRAP markers and in situ hybridization. Saffron Crocus, Crocus sativus 2n=3x=24, was shown to not be an autopolyploid, but to include three genomes with somewhat different chromosomal and sequence characteristics. The alien lines of Brassica and Raphanus with the fertility restorer genes were identified with B. rapa carrying the two chromosomes of Raphanus carrying the fertility restorer genes. Furthermore, the meiotic pairing basis of the alien lines of Brassica and Orychophragmus was also observed which gives an insight into the meiotic pairing between two different species. The water stress resistant genes could be identified from Panicum and thus be utilized in better water usage of plants. It would be possible in future to develop a synthetic C. sativus and thus rescue its declining production around the world, thus improving its economic potential. The fertility restorer gene can now be introduced into the B. rapa species using various mutagens.
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Konkle, Samantha N. "Status of Amaranthus Species in Ohio Crop Production." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437400544.
Sayyari, Zahan Mohammad Hassan. "Manganese efficiency and manganese uptake kinetics of different crop species." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991005724/04.
Grindlay, Douglas J. C. "Principles governing the ability of cover crop species to trap nitrate." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294723.
Sigdel, Sailesh. "Seeding Time and Interseeded Cover Crop Species Influence Sugarbeet Yield and Quality." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31884.
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cover crop interseeding time and species effect on sugarbeet production during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. Cover crops were first interseeded in June and second interseeding was done in late June or early July. Four cover crops species, Austrian pea (Pisum sativum L.), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), winter camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz], and brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.), were examined. First interseeding resulted in significantly higher cover crop biomass than second interseeding. In 2018, the highest recoverable sugar yield was observed with pea (13.9 Mg ha-1) and camelina (6.6 Mg ha-1) first-interseeded, at Ada and Downer, MN, respectively. In 2019, camelina (11.2 Mg ha-1) at Ada, MN, and pea (12.4 Mg ha-1) at Prosper, ND both second-interseeded, had the highest recoverable sugar yield. Cover crops had no negative impacts on sugarbeet, but the selection of species and planting time are critical.
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Wesheu, Irene Catherine. "Species richness - standing crop relationships on an infertile shoreline in Nova Scotia." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5200.
Persson, Helena. "Estimating genetic variability in horticultural crop species at different stages of domestication /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5838-2.pdf.
D'Utra, Vaz Fernando Berlinck. "Somatic and sexual hybridization in tropical fruit crop species passionfruit and tomato." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334766.
Evans, David W. Species and planting dates for second-crop forage production. Pullman, Wash: College of Agriculture and Home Economics Research Center, Washington State University, 1988.
Buse, Lisa J. Critical silvics of selected crop and competitor species in Northwestern Ontario. [Thunder Bay]: Northwestern Ontario Forest Technology Development Unit, 1992.
Persson, Helena. Estimating genetic variability in horticultural crop species at different stages of domestication. Alnarp: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2001.
Sendak, Paul E. Early crop-tree release and species cleaning in young northern hardwoods: A financial analysis. Newtown Square, PA: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2008.
Sareen, P. K., J. B. Chowdhury, and V. K. Chowdhury. "Amphidiploids/Synthetic Crop Species." In Distant Hybridization of Crop Plants, 62–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84306-8_5.
Beversdorf, W. D. "Micropropagation in Crop Species." In Progress in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, 3–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2103-0_1.
Cook, B. G., and I. C. Crosthwaite. "Utilization of Arachis species as forage." In The Groundnut Crop, 624–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0733-4_15.
Seckinger, G. R. "Micropropagation of vegetable crop species." In Micropropagation, 265–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2075-0_19.
Gliessman, Stephen R., V. Ernesto Méndez, Victor M. Izzo, Eric W. Engles, and Andrew Gerlicz. "Species interactions in crop communities." In Agroecology, 171–81. 4th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003304043-15.
Armstrong, K. C. "Chromosome Numbers of Crop Species*." In CRC Handbook of Plant Science in Agriculture, 3–13. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429286384-2.
Kalloo, G. "Utilization of Wild Species." In Distant Hybridization of Crop Plants, 149–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84306-8_9.
Bottley, Andrew. "Epigenetic Variation Amongst Polyploidy Crop Species." In Epigenetics in Plants of Agronomic Importance: Fundamentals and Applications, 171–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14760-0_6.
Bottley, Andrew. "Epigenetic Variation Amongst Polyploidy Crop Species." In Epigenetics in Plants of Agronomic Importance: Fundamentals and Applications, 33–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07971-4_3.
Barnhart, Stephen K. "Selecting Forage Species." In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-610.
Luciani, R., G. Laneve, M. Jahjah, and M. Collins. "Crop species classification: A phenology based approach." In 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2017.8127974.
Popchenko, M. I. "Legal regulation of crop seed with weed seeds in Canada." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-151.
The quality control of crop seed lots for the content of weed seeds for sale in Canada, export or import is carried out the basis of two legislative acts: the Seed Regulations and the Weed Seeds Order. The Seed Regulations contain information about sampling of various crops and requirements for seeds depending on the culture and crop seeds class. The Weed Seeds Order contains list of divided into classes of noxious weed species, whose seeds are counted in seed lots of agricultural crops.
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Gavriliţa, Lidia. "Speciile dominante de Trichogramma colectate in diferite agrocenoze ale Republicii Moldova." In International symposium ”Actual problems of zoology and parasitology: achievements and prospects” dedicated to the 100th anniversary from the birth of academician Alexei Spassky. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975665902.66.
During the period of the 2000-2016 years, different species of Trichogramma sp. have been collected from various areas and various cultures from Rep. of Moldova. Species such as: T. evanescens, T. pintoi, T. mirabile, T. semblidis, T. dendrolimi (=T. cacoeciae), T. leucaniae. In the researched agrocoenoses, T. evanescens specie prevail over other species with the percentage of parasitaed eggs of 16,7-86,0%. During the specified period, in perennial crops such as apple, vines and plum orchards the following species were collected and identified: T. embryophagum = telengae, T. dendrolimi (= T.cacoeciae) evanescens, T. pintoi. The species of T. telengai Sor. (= T.embryophagum Hartig) predominates in apple or plum orchards and constitutes 60.0-88.9%. The collected species were reared in laboratory conditions on cereal moth eggs (Sitotroga cerealella Ol.), performing biological crop protection research and obtaining ecological production.
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Permyakova, T. B. "Distribution of root rot in grain crop rotation depending on the elements of cultivation technology." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-39.
Species composition and pathogenicity of winter wheat rot in the grain crop rotation is given. The influence of the main tillage systems and preceding crops on the level of accumulation and spread of the root rots is given. The advantages of traditional cultivation technology are demonstrated.
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Voronov, Sergey, Vadim Kononchuk, Sergey Timoshenko, Viktor Shtyrhunov, and Tamara Nazarova. "Comparative productivity of legumes in single species and mixed sowings on soddy-podzolic soils of the central Non-Black earth region." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-28-76-60-69.
In a series of short-term field experiments (2016–2021) on medium loamy soddy-podzolic soil with a high supply of the arable layer with mobile phosphorus and potassium, the conditions for the formation of high productivity of new generation leguminous crop varieties in pure and mixed crops for grain and haylage were revealed. To increase the productivity and sustainability of fodder production in the changing climate of the Central Non-Chernozem Region, it is proposed to expand the species diversity of field agrophytocenoses by cultivating grain fodder crop rotations in fallow links, along with traditional peas, pelushka and spring vetch, also early ripe lupine varieties of narrow-leaved determinant type. This will not only reduce the cost of production of concentrated and bulky feeds, improve their quality characteristics, but also reduce dependence on imports of soybeans and products of its processing.
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Chen, Yolanda H. "Crop domestication, naturally-selected species interactions, and challenges for sustainable agriculture." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94777.
Camargo Neto, João, and George E. Meyer. "Crop species identification using machine vision of computer extracted individual leaves." In Optics East 2005, edited by Yud-Ren Chen, George E. Meyer, and Shu-I. Tu. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.631715.
Pignatti, S., R. Casa, A. Harfouche, W. Huang, A. Palombo, and S. Pascucci. "Maize Crop and Weeds Species Detection by Using Uav Vnir Hyperpectral Data." In IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900241.
Shen, Yonglin, Xiuguo Liu, and Youxin Huang. "Impacts of crop rotation on vegetation condition index for species-level drought monitoring." In 2014 Third International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics.2014.6910603.
Grene Alscher, Ruth, Jonathan Gressel, Carole Cramer, Abraham Warshawsky, and Elizabeth Grabau. Mechanisms of Oxidant Resistance in Weed and Crop Species. United States Department of Agriculture, March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613041.bard.
A large body of evidence has accumulated showing that plant strains that are tolerant to a particular oxidant stress have a modicum of cross-tolerance to other oxidant stresses, whether caused by transient heat, drought, cold or oxidizing air pollutants or herbicides. We have studied a multienzyme scavenging system associated with oxidant tolerance at the metabolic and molecular levels in the model systems of pea and Conyza. Data from our experimental systems suggest that both development and subcellular compartmentalization play important roles in stress tolerance. The behavior of the chloroplast may differ from that of the cytosol. Further study of these controls is needed to acquire the understanding needed to generate oxidant stress tolerant field crops.
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Wiedenhoeft, M. H. Forage Crop Research: Evaluating Forage Species in Iowa for Productivity during Drought Conditions. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-259.
Wiedenhoeft, M. H., R. L. Hintz, and P. Patrick. Forage Crop Research: Evaluating Forage Species in Iowa for Productivity during Drought Conditions. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-832.
Wiedenhoeft, M. H., R. L. Hintz, and P. Patrick. Forage Crop Research: Evaluating Forage Species in Iowa for Productivity during Drought Conditions. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-925.
Sendak, Paul E., and William B. Leak. Early crop-tree release and species cleaning in young northern hardwoods: a financial analysis. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-rp-6.
Wiedenhoeft, M. H., R. L. Hintz, and P. Patrick. Forage Crop Research: Evaluating Forage Species in Iowa for Productivity during Drought Conditions—Yield. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2120.
Wiedenhoeft, M. H., R. L. Hintz, and P. Patrick. Forage Crop Research: Evaluating Forage Species in Iowa for Productivity during Drought Conditions—Quality. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2194.
Tel-Zur, Neomi, and Jeffrey J. Doyle. Role of Polyploidy in Vine Cacti Speciation and Crop Domestication. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697110.bard.
1. Abstract: Over the past 25 years, vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus have been introduced into Israel and southern California as new exotic fruit crops. The importance of these crops lies in their high water use efficiency and horticultural potential as exotic fruit crops. Our collaboration focused on the cytological, molecular and evolutionary aspects of vine cacti polyploidization to confront the agricultural challenge of genetic improvement, ultimately to improve success of vine cacti as commercial fruit crop plants. More specifically, we worked on the: 1- Identification of the putative ancestor(s) of the tetraploid H. megalanthus; 2- Determination of the number of origins of H. megalanthus (single vs. multiple origins of polyploidy); 3- Cytogenetic analysis of BC1 and F1 hybrids; 4- Determination of important agricultural traits and the selection of superior hybrids for cultivation. The plant material used in this study comprised interspecific Hylocereus F1 and first backcross (BC1) hybrids, nine Hylocereus species (58 genotypes), nine Selenicereus species (14 genotypes), and four Epiphyllum genotypes. Two BC1 hexaploids (BC-023 and BC-031) were obtained, a high ploidy level that can be explained only by a fertilization event between one unreduced female gamete from the triploid hybrid and a balanced gamete from the pollen donor, the diploid H. monacanthus. These findings are scientific evidence that support the possibility that “hybridization followed by chromosome doubling” could also occur in nature. Cytomixis, the migration of chromatin between adjacent cells through connecting cytoplasmatic channels, was observed in vine cacti hybrids and may thus imply selective DNA elimination in response to the allopolyploidization process. Evidence from plastid and nrDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences support the placement of H. megalanthus within a monophyletic Hylocereus group. Furthermore, both plastid and ITS datasets are most consistent with a conclusion that this tetraploid species is an autopolyploid, despite observations that the species appears to be morphologically intermediate between Hylocereus and Selenicereus. Although the possibility of very narrow allopolyploidly (i.e., derivation from parents that are barely diverged from each other such as closely related species in the same genus) cannot be ruled out entirely based on our data (in part due to the unavailability of Hylocereus species considered to be morphologically the closest relatives of H. megalanthus), the possibility of H. megalanthus representing an intergeneric cross (i.e., Hylocereus × Selenicereus) seems extremely unlikely. Interestingly, the process of homogenization of ITS sequences (concerted evolution) is either incomplete or lacking in both Hylocereus and Selenicereus, and the inclusion of several artificial hybrids in the molecular study revealed the potential for biparental plastid inheritance in Hylocereus. The most important agricultural implication of this research project was the information collected for F1 and BC1 hybrids. Specifically, this project concluded with the selection of four superior hybrids in terms of fruit quality and potential yields under extreme high temperatures. These selected hybrids are self-compatible, avoiding the need for hand cross pollination to set fruits, thus reducing manpower costs. We recently offered these hybrids to growers in Israel for prioritized rapid evaluation and characterization.
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Zamir, Dani, and Steven Tanksley. Fine Mapping and Genetic Interactions of Nearly-Isogenic Allelic Series Representing Yield and Quality QTLs Derived from Wild Tomato Species. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586460.bard.
Wild germplasm represents a rich source of QTLs capable of enhancing productivity of crop plants. Using the molecular linkage map of tomato in conjunction with novel population structures, we have identified QTLs from five Lycopersicon species that improve key yield and quality associated traits of processing tomatoes. In this research we employed multi-testing sites for fine mapping analysis of the different components of the affected traits combined with genetic interaction studies. Our results demonstrate that 'exotic libraries', which comprise of marker-defined genomic regions taken from wild species and introgressed onto the background of elite crop lines, provide an important opportunity for improving of the agricultural performance of modem crop varieties. Furthermore, we showed that these genetic resources can also serve as reagents for the discovery and characterization of genes that underlie traits of agricultural value. The results set the stage for using the QTLs in marker assisted programs and for applying map-based cloning of the targeted QTL/genes. The cloning of QTLs revealed genes that control pathways for agricultural yield in tomato that may be common for other crop species.
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Adelberg, Jeff, Halina Skorupska, Bill Rhodes, Yigal Cohen, and Rafael Perl-Treves. Interploid Hybridization of Cucumis melo and C. metuliferus. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7580673.bard.
The long-term motivation for this research is to transfer useful traits from a broad based gene pool of wild species into the narrow base of a cultivated crop in Cucumis. Our primary focus was to use polyploid prior to fertilization as a tool to overcome fertility barriers in the cross between C. melo and C. metuliferus. In conducting this research, we explored all combinations of tetraploid and diploid parents, in reciprocal combinations. Pollinations were made in both the field and greenhouse, using emasculated flowers, moneocious females, and open pollination by insect vectors, with morphological selection criteria. After observations of thousands of ovaries, we still have no definitive proof that this hybridization yielded viable embryos. The most promising results came from using tetraploid C. metuliferus, as the maternal parent in the interspecific hybridization, that set fruit were seeds contained small embryos that did not germinate. To obtain fruit set, it was important to rear plants in a cooler sunny greenhouse, as would be found in late winter/early spring. A second interspecific hybrid between wild and cultivated Cucumis, C. hystrix x C. sativus, yielded fertile progeny for the first time, while concomitantly working toward our primary goal. Two distinct treatments were necessary; 1) special plant husbandry was necessary to have the wild species produce fruit in cultivation, and 2) embryo rescue followed by chromosome doubling in vitro was required for fertility restoration. Backcrosses to crop species and resistance to nematodes are compelling areas for further work.
