Готові списки джерел за темами / Crop fields

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Crop fields"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 18 травня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Crop fields"

1

Pandey, Sushil. "Factors affecting crop diversity in farmers' fields in Nepal." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 30, no. 2 (November 27, 2013): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170513000367.

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AbstractA study was conducted on the spatial dimension of crop diversity in Jutpani Village Development Committee (VDC) in central Nepal. Many crop diversity studies focus only on home gardens, but this study aimed to investigate the crop diversity among different production systems, and the factors affecting variations in the crop diversity on a household level. A survey of inter-household variation in cultivated crop diversity in different land-use types among 134 households indicates that 96 different types of annual crops, perennial crops and fruit trees are cultivated. Individual farms cultivated an average of 26 different crops, with this number ranging from 11 to 45. Crops were used as food by the households and, based on their adaptive characters, they were grown either in home gardens or in upland, Tandikhet and lowland. Research showed that home gardens have the highest crop diversity (a total of 78 different crops grown) compared to upland, Tandikhet and lowland. Statistical analysis to understand the factors affecting the variation in crop diversity in the household level showed that the total number of crops grown (crop diversity) on a farm is significantly higher (P<0.001) in the Indo-Aryan ethnic group compared to the Tibeto-Burman group. Farmers with three different production domains maintained higher (P<0.001) crop diversity compared to having only one or two production domains. Poor farmers with small land holdings were associated with higher crop diversity (P<0.001) compared to rich farmers with large land holdings. Therefore, planning for agrobiodiversity management should focus on the production systems, and social and economic settings within the farming community.
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2

Funderburk, J. E., D. C. Herzog, and R. E. Lynch. "SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) ADULTS IN SOYBEAN, PEANUT, CORN, SORGHUM, AND WHEAT IN NORTHERN FLORIDA." Journal of Entomological Science 22, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-22.2.159.

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Adult abundance of lesser cornstalk borer (LCB), Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), in agronomic crops in northern Florida was determined by pheromone trapping. Trap captures revealed that the temporal pattern of adult abundance differed for each crop. Multiple generations occurred in peanut and grain sorghum fields, with adults in abundance during both vegetative and reproductive crop-growth stages. Adults were abundant in the soybean fields only during vegetative and early reproductive crop-growth stages, with captures comprising individuals of two generations. Adults were abundant in wheat fields only during early seedling stages, while few adults were collected at any time in corn fields. Trap captures further indicated that there was rarely any considerable overlap between adult populations of different generations. The temporal patterns and magnitudes of adult captures were similar in fields of the same crop planted on about the same date, but dissimilar in fields of different crops or fields of the same crop planted on different dates.
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3

Tillman, P. G., and T. E. Cottrell. "Case Study: Trap Crop with Pheromone Traps for SuppressingEuschistus servus(Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Cotton." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/401703.

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The brown stink bug,Euschistus servus(Say), can disperse from source habitats, including corn,Zea maysL., and peanut,Arachis hypogaeaL., into cotton,Gossypium hirsutumL. Therefore, a 2-year on-farm experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench spp.bicolor) trap crop, with or withoutEuschistusspp. pheromone traps, to suppress dispersal of this pest to cotton. In 2004, density ofE. servuswas lower in cotton fields with sorghum trap crops (with or without pheromone traps) compared to control cotton fields. Similarly, in 2006, density ofE. servuswas lower in cotton fields with sorghum trap crops and pheromone traps compared to control cotton fields. Thus, the combination of the sorghum trap crop and pheromone traps effectively suppressed dispersal ofE. servusinto cotton. Inclusion of pheromone traps with trap crops potentially offers additional benefits, including: (1) reducing the density ofE. servusadults in a trap crop, especially females, to possibly decrease the local population over time and reduce the overwintering population, (2) reducing dispersal ofE. servusadults from the trap crop into cotton, and (3) potentially attracting more dispersingE. servusadults into a trap crop during a period of time when preferred food is not prevalent in the landscape.
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4

Rubi, Jaya, Shivani V, A. Josephin Arockia Dhivya, and A. Vijayalakshmi. "A Review of Crop Protection Methods in Agricultural Fields." IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems 6, no. 1 (March 2024): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2024.1.006.

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This study offers a brief overview of existing methods for crop protection using existing systems. It discusses several approaches that are available to prevent wild animals from damaging crops on farms. Various technologies capable of providing continuous protection for farms are explored. The discussed methods and tools underscore the importance of safeguarding valuable crops. The utilization of technologies such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi microcontrollers, sensors, GSM modules, solar panels, and others in farm security systems is studied. However, it's essential to note that these systems operate differently and can be costly for farmers. Additionally, the paper suggests the integration of modern technology in agriculture, such as the application of Deep CNN using Python, to offer an enhanced crop protection methods and an affordable cost.
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Kozlova, Zoya V., and Vlada V. Kolocheva. "Influence of forage crop rotations on crop yields and phytosanitary conditions of soils in the Baikal region." E3S Web of Conferences 296 (2021): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129601004.

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The article considers the practical aspects of ensuring the preservation of natural ecosystems based on the use of organic farming technologies. It presents the results of research in the forest-steppe zone of the Baikal region for 2011-2018. On the basis of the phytosanitary state of crops studying analysis, it was found that the correct alternation of crops in crop rotation suppresses the level of weeds, thereby not affecting the productivity of agricultural crops. The paper reveals the characteristics of agrophysical and water properties of gray forest soil, the influence of forage crop rotations with meadow clover on the yield of cultivated crops. According to the research results, the authors found that overseeding of legumes in the fields of forage crop rotations increases the average productivity by 16.6% in comparison with the control option. The influence of the aftereffect of perennial legumes in crop rotations increases the yield of grain fodder and silage crops by 20-31.8%. The crop rotation with two fields of meadow clover (crop rotation No. 3) was determined to be the best for all indicators.
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Luo, Yong, Dianpeng Chen, and Xiaoguo Wang. "Assessment of Crop Residues and Corresponding Nutrients Return to Fields via Root, Stubble, and Straw in Southwest China." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (October 22, 2023): 15138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152015138.

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China stands as one of the world’s largest agricultural powerhouses, boasting abundant crop resources. Nonetheless, there remains a lack of clarity regarding the extensive scale of crop residue return in the fields. Drawing from direct field measurements and comprehensive survey data, this paper pioneers the reporting of residues from the five primary crops, shedding light on the associated nutrient components, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) replenishment via crop roots, stubble, and straw in the Southwest China region for the year 2012. The results showed that the total amount of the main crop residue resources was 97.4 Mt, which was composed of 17.8 Mt, 12.6 Mt, and 67 Mt for crop root, stubble, and straw, respectively. After crops harvested, there were 7165.8 kilotonne nutrient C, 132.2 kilotonne nutrient N, and 9.8 kilotonne nutrient P of crop residues returned to the fields through crop root, respectively, accounting for 44.6%, 48.2%, and 43.4% of the total nutrient returned, which was the main part of crop nutrients return to fields. The amount of nutrient C, N, and P returned through stubbles were 5017.3 kilotonne, 75.9 kilotonne, and 6.8 kilotonne, respectively, accounting for 31.3%, 27.6%, and 30.6% of the total return of crops. From the composition proportion of residues nutrients return to field, the orders were all expressed as follows: root > stubble > straw. According to the optimum fertilization amount of the main crops in Southwest China, the returned of crop residues nutrient N in maize, rice, rapeseed, and wheat can replace approximately 5.6%, 18.4%, 11.2%, and 14.8% of nitrogen fertilizer, and 2.4%, 8.3%, 3%, and 9.2% of phosphate fertilizer, respectively. This conclusion is beneficial for regulating the practice of returning crop residues to the fields and the use of agricultural fertilizers, aiming to achieve sustainable development in agricultural production.
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7

Scholten, Harold. "20. Snow distribution on crop fields." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 22-23 (August 1988): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(88)90032-1.

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8

Ponnambalam, Vignesh Raja, Marianne Bakken, Richard J. D. Moore, Jon Glenn Omholt Gjevestad, and Pål Johan From. "Autonomous Crop Row Guidance Using Adaptive Multi-ROI in Strawberry Fields." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 5249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185249.

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Automated robotic platforms are an important part of precision agriculture solutions for sustainable food production. Agri-robots require robust and accurate guidance systems in order to navigate between crops and to and from their base station. Onboard sensors such as machine vision cameras offer a flexible guidance alternative to more expensive solutions for structured environments such as scanning lidar or RTK-GNSS. The main challenges for visual crop row guidance are the dramatic differences in appearance of crops between farms and throughout the season and the variations in crop spacing and contours of the crop rows. Here we present a visual guidance pipeline for an agri-robot operating in strawberry fields in Norway that is based on semantic segmentation with a convolution neural network (CNN) to segment input RGB images into crop and not-crop (i.e., drivable terrain) regions. To handle the uneven contours of crop rows in Norway’s hilly agricultural regions, we develop a new adaptive multi-ROI method for fitting trajectories to the drivable regions. We test our approach in open-loop trials with a real agri-robot operating in the field and show that our approach compares favourably to other traditional guidance approaches.
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Schulthess, Urs, Francelino Rodrigues, Matthieu Taymans, Nicolas Bellemans, Sophie Bontemps, Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio, Bruno Gérard, and Pierre Defourny. "Optimal Sample Size and Composition for Crop Classification with Sen2-Agri’s Random Forest Classifier." Remote Sensing 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030608.

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Sen2-Agri is a software system that was developed to facilitate the use of multi-temporal satellite data for crop classification with a random forest (RF) classifier in an operational setting. It automatically ingests and processes Sentinel-2 and LandSat 8 images. Our goal was to provide practitioners with recommendations for the best sample size and composition. The study area was located in the Yaqui Valley in Mexico. Using polygons of more than 6000 labeled crop fields, we prepared data sets for training, in which the nine crops had an equal or proportional representation, called Equal or Ratio, respectively. Increasing the size of the training set improved the overall accuracy (OA). Gains became marginal once the total number of fields approximated 500 or 40 to 45 fields per crop type. Equal achieved slightly higher OAs than Ratio for a given number of fields. However, recall and F-scores of the individual crops tended to be higher for Ratio than for Equal. The high number of wheat fields in the Ratio scenarios, ranging from 275 to 2128, produced a more accurate classification of wheat than the maximal 80 fields of Equal. This resulted in a higher recall for wheat in the Ratio than in the Equal scenarios, which in turn limited the errors of commission of the non-wheat crops. Thus, a proportional representation of the crops in the training data is preferable and yields better accuracies, even for the minority crops.
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10

Ominski, P. D., M. H. Entz, and N. Kenkel. "Weed suppression byMedicago sativain subsequent cereal crops: a comparative survey." Weed Science 47, no. 3 (June 1999): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500091785.

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The ability ofMedicago sativato suppress weed growth may provide a viable alternative to chemical weed control and allow crop producers to reduce herbicide inputs. Quantitative information regarding the suppressive effect ofM. sativaon weed populations in current cropping systems is lacking. A survey was conducted in Manitoba, Canada, in 1993 and 1994 to investigate weed populations in commercial cereal fields that had been preceded by eitherM. sativahay or cereal grain crops. A total of 117 fields were surveyed; approximately half from each field type. Principle component analysis indicated that the inclusion ofM. sativain crop rotations resulted in weed communities different from those of continuous cereal fields. Naturally occurring populations ofAvena fatua, Cirsium arvense, Brassica kaber, andGalium aparinewere lower in cereal fields that had previously containedM. sativathan in cereal fields that had been preceded by a cereal crop. Lower field uniformity values forC. arvenseandAvena fatuaindicated that these weeds were also more patchy in theM. sativarotations. Population differences between field types were nonsignificant forAmaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, andPolygonum convolvulus, and although populations ofTaraxacum officinaleandThlaspi arvensewere greater inM. sativa/cereal fields than in continuous cereal crops. No consistent effect of field type onSetaria viridispopulations was observed. These results show thatM. sativaeffectively suppressed some, but not all, of the weeds found in the study area. IncludingM. sativahay crops in crop rotations can be part of an integrated weed management strategy for weeds such asA. fatua, B. kaber, andC. arvense.
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Дисертації з теми "Crop fields"

1

Castellazzi, M. S. "Spatio-temporal modelling of crop co-existence in European agricultural landscapes." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3747.

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The environmental risk of growing genetically modified (GM) crops and particularly the spreading of GM genes to related non-GM crops is currently a concern in European agriculture. Because the risks of contamination are linked to the spatial and temporal arrangements of crops within the landscape, scenarios of crop arrangement are required to investigate the risks and potential coexistence measures. However, until recently, only manual methods were available to create scenarios. This thesis aims to provide a flexible referenced tool to create such scenarios. The model, called LandSFACTS, is a scientific research tool which allocates crops into fields, to meet user-defined crop spatio-temporal arrangements, using an empirical and statistical approach. The control of the crop arrangements is divided into two main sections: (i) the temporal arrangement of crops: encompassing crop rotations as transition matrices (specifically-developed methodology), temporal constraints (return period of crops, forbidden crop sequences), initial crops in fields regulated by temporal patterns (specifically-developed statistical analyses) and yearly crop proportions; and (ii) the spatial arrangements of crops: encompassing possible crops in fields, crop rotation in fields regulated by spatial patterns (specifically-developed statistical analyses), and spatial constraints (separation distances between crops). The limitations imposed by the model include the size of the smallest spatial and temporal unit: only one crop is allocated per field and per year. The model has been designed to be used by researchers with agronomic knowledge of the landscape. An assessment of the model did not lead to the detection of any significant flaws and therefore the model is considered valid for the stated specifications. Following this evaluation, the model is being used to fill incomplete datasets, build up and compare scenarios of crop allocations. Within the GM coexistence context, the model could provide useful support to investigate the impact of crop arrangement and potential coexistence measures on the risk of GM contamination of crops. More informed advice could therefore be provided to decision makers on the feasibility and efficiency of coexistence measures for GM cultivation.
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2

Stanley, Jordan. "Yield-Limiting Factors in North Dakota Soybean Fields." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28382.

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Average soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] yields in North Dakota remain below north central USA averages, and crop yield potentials. The effect of planting date (PD), cultivar relative maturity (RM), and seeding rate (SR), on yield, were evaluated in 821 producer fields in 2014-2016 seasons. Crop management varied by location. State average PD was 19 May, and planting after 1 May reduced yield average 0.4% d-1. Planting a cultivar with 0.1 RM earlier than recommended reduced yield by 1.3%. Producers estimated seedling mortality at 10%; when observed, it was 12.3%. An additional 7.9% reduction of established population occurred in-season. In-season plant reductions of 4.5% were also observed in research trials. North Dakota producers should plant closer to 1 May if conditions are favorable, select latest-maturing cultivars adapted for area, maximize established plant population relative to seeding rate, and determine causes of in-season plant reductions to adapt management practices if necessary.
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3

Fletcher, Penny Hazel. "The pollination of four wild plants species in crop fields." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533764.

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4

Shaw, Gordon W. "Oak regeneration in former crop fields in the Missouri river floodplan /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426103.

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Gilbert, J. "The population dynamics of field pansy (Viola arvensis) and red deadnettle (Lamium purpureum) in winter cereal and oilseed rape fields." Thesis, Keele University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382899.

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Coyne, Daniel L. "Epidemiology and crop loss assessment of rice nematodes in West Africa." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299612.

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7

Kim, Dong-Gill. "Nitrous oxide and methane fluxes in riparian buffers and adjacent crop fields." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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8

Reynolds, William Casey. "Establishment Rates and Growth Characteristics of Six Bermudagrass Cultivars for use on Athletic Fields and Golf Course Fairways." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12112002-145750/.

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Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is the primary choice for athletic fields and golf course fairways in the southeastern United States. Its superior heat and drought tolerance as well as excellent recuperative capacity allow it to withstand many of the stresses often associated with recreational turf. There are several new cultivars on the market with little available information regarding their performance. Six cultivars of bermudagrass, ?TifSport?, ?Tifway?, ?GN-1?, ?Quickstand?, ?Navy Blue?, and ?Tifton 10? were established by sprigs on a Candor sand (Sandy, siliceous, thermic, Arenic Paleudult) at the rate of 0.1m3/100m2 on 28 June 2001 at the Sandhills Research Station in Jackson Springs, NC. During year one of the study, data were taken on establishment, rooting, disease incidence, fall color, and spring green-up of each of the six bermudagrasses. Tifton 10 demonstrated the ability to establish faster than all other cultivars based on its ranking on all observation dates followed by Quickstand and GN-1, which had five and four top rankings, respectively. No differences in rooting density were found among the six cultivars. Navy Blue exhibited significantly more dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett) incidence than all other cultivars, while GN-1 had significanctly higher incidence of Large patch (Rhizoctonia solani). During April 2002, 10.8 cm diameter plugs were taken from the field plots for the low temperature study. Sixty stolons per cultivar were excised from the plugs and placed into a Low Temperature Stress Simulator (LTSS) where they were exposed to four different temperatures of 2oC, 0oC, ?2oC, and -4 oC for a period of 24 hr. No significant differences were found among cultivars in their ability to tolerate low temperatures, but mortality did increase as temperature decreased. After the field plots had achieved one year of growth, data were taken on growth characteristics such as root and rhizome mass, recuperative potential, surface hardness, seedhead production, and overall quality. No significant differences were found in root or rhizome mass among the six cultivars. Quickstand produced a harder surface than all other cultivars on 24 July, while Tifton 10, GN-1, and TifSport were the softest. TifSport consistently produced the highest turf quality of the six cultivars followed by Tifway, GN-1, and Navy Blue. Quickstand and Tifton 10 had the poorest quality over four observation dates, primarily due to their coarse texture and off-green color. Differences among these six bermudagrass cultivars imply that they may not all be suitable for the same situation. Turfgrass managers can match this data to their intended use and more accurately choose which cultivar will perform best under their specific conditions.
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Chapkowski, Andrew J. "Geographical distribution of pediobius foveolatus in New Jersey soybean fields to control the Mexican bean beetle population." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2008. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/ChapkowskiAndrew/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2008.
The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on July 25, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Caiado, Marco Aurelio. "Modeling Fate and Transport of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Crop Fields Under Tropical Conditions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28848.

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Modeling is a very important tool for developing nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control plans. Current NPS models were developed for temperate conditions and, thus, do not appropriately represent tropical conditions. The objective of this research was to develop or adapt a nonpoint source pollution model to simulate transformations and losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in leachate and runoff from crop fields under humid tropical conditions. An extensive literature synthesis identified appropriate relationships for representing hydrologic and NPS processes in the tropics, as well as soil and climate conditions that differ from temperate conditions and impact NPS pollution. The GLEAMS model was selected for adaptation. Changes to the model included calculation of potential evapotranspiration (ET); changes in initial and default values of N and P pools, C:N ratio of soil organic matter, and soil P sorption; changes in simulation of transformations between N and P pools, along with the effect of temperature; and inclusion of a nitrate retardation factor (Ncrit) and pH in the calculation of N transformation and movement. The adapted model, called TROPGLEAMS, was evaluated through model verification, application, and sensitivity analysis. Model verification comprised a mass balance of nutrients and analysis of the variation of variable values in time. Model validation included application of the GLEAMS and TROPGLEAMS to three sites in Brazil: a set of lysimeters planted with sugarcane in Piracicaba, SP; a set of plots planted with sugarcane in Piracicaba; and a set of plots planted in a wheat-soybean rotation in Lages, SC. Model sensitivity to temperature, Ncrit and pH were evaluated in the sensitivity analysis. Model evaluation indicated that TROPGLEAMS is more accurate than GLEAMS in simulating fate and transport of nutrients under tropical conditions. Prediction of actual ET, effect of tillage on losses of N and P in runoff, and N and P kinetics was improved with TROPGLEAMS compared to GLEAMS. However, based on data from the Lages study, TROPGLEAMS did not simulate losses of nutrients in runoff well. Improvements in the model, especially related to losses in runoff, and application of TROPGLEAMS to different areas of the humid tropics are recommended.
Ph. D.
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Книги з теми "Crop fields"

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Secrets in the fields: The science and mysticism of crop circles. Charlottesville, Va: Hampton Roads Pub., 2002.

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2

Kurian, Punnen. Crop losses to rodent pests in Kerala: A pre-harvest survey in selected crop fields and survey on grain storage losses. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Research Programme on Local Level Development, Centre for Development Studies, 2000.

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3

Curtis, Jennifer. Fields of change: A new crop of American farmers finds alternatives to pesticides. [New York]: National Resources Defense Council, 1998.

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4

Ap'at'ŭ sup i toen puk Sŏul: Northeastern Seoul : from crop fields to forest of apartment. Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi: Sŏul Yŏksa Pangmulgwan, 2016.

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5

Jeff, Krans, and Goatley Mike, eds. Sports fields: A manual for design, construction, and maintenance : an illustrated guide to the design, construction, and maintenance of sports fields. Chelsea, MI: Ann Arbor Press, 1999.

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6

E, Pratley J., ed. Principles of field crop production. 4th ed. South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Oxford University Press, 2003.

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7

Muhammad, Afzal. Narratio botanica: Concerning the yield of crops. Karachi, Pakistan: Shah Enterprises, 1986.

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8

V, Černý, and Hruška L, eds. Yield formation in the main field crops. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.

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9

Principles of crop production: Theory, techniques, and technology. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.

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10

F, Nyvall Robert, ed. Field crop diseases. 3rd ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1999.

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Частини книг з теми "Crop fields"

1

Xiong, Zhengqin, and M. A. K. Khalil. "Greenhouse Gases from Crop Fields." In Climate Change and Crops, 113–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88246-6_6.

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Heege, Hermann J. "Heterogeneity in Fields: Basics of Analyses." In Precision in Crop Farming, 3–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6760-7_2.

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Mortensen, David A., Gregg A. Johnson, and Linda J. Young. "Weed Distribution in Agricultural Fields." In Proceedings of Soil Specific Crop Management, 113–24. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1993.soilspecificcrop.c9.

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Mbodji, C. A., A. Fall, D. Diouf, and A. Seck. "Energy Potential of Crop Residues in Senegal: Technology Solutions for Valorization." In Sustainable Energy Access for Communities, 55–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68410-5_6.

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AbstractDifferent crops are harvested in Senegal at different periods throughout the year. Therefore, crop residues are constantly available, and there is potential for recycling these residues to produce energy. However, most of these crop residues are often burned or leftover in fields. This chapter assesses the energy potential of five crop residues available in Senegal, in terms of raw material quantities and calorific values, in order to propose adequate valorization schemes. The methodology of the study is based on a review of scientific literature in the field, the processing of data collected from the national specialized agencies, and laboratory tests of pellets manufactured from these residues. The experiments also propose techniques of hybridization in pelleting. The results show the feasibility of combining crop residues to produce pellets, with improved energy characteristics. They also demonstrate that pellets from crop residues can substitute part of industries’ heat demand with the combustion technology and part of rural communities’ electricity demand with the gasification technology.
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Lee, Youn Su, and Min Woong Lee. "Ecology of Soil-Borne Pathogens in Crop Fields." In Modern Trends in Applied Terrestrial Ecology, 51–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0223-4_3.

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Arcanjo, S. S., S. T. Santos, K. R. S. Teixeira, and J. I. Baldani. "Occurrence and Dissemination of Endophytic Diazotrophic Bacteria in Sugarcane Fields." In Nitrogen Fixation: From Molecules to Crop Productivity, 605. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47615-0_345.

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Bouwman, L. A., G. H. J. Hoenderboom, A. C. Klinken, and P. C. Ruiter. "Effect of Growing Crops and Crop Residues in Arable Fields on Nematode Production." In Soil & Environment, 127–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2008-1_31.

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van Helden, Maarten. "Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of ArthropodsArthropods in Arable Fields." In Precision Crop Protection - the Challenge and Use of Heterogeneity, 51–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9277-9_4.

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Charvát, Karel, Vojtěch Lukas, Karel Charvát, and Šárka Horáková. "Delineation of Management Zones Using Satellite Imageries." In Big Data in Bioeconomy, 235–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71069-9_18.

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AbstractThe chapter describes the development of a platform for mapping crop status and long-time trends by using EO data as a support tool for fertilizing and crop protection. The main focus of the pilot is to monitor cereal fields by high-resolution satellite imagery data (Landsat 8, Sentinel 2) and delineation of management zones within the fields for variable rate application of fertilizers. The first part of the paper is focused on analysis of strategies for recommendations derived from satellite data. The second part is focused on development of a software application with the goal to offer farmers a GIS portal. Here, users can monitor their fields from EO data, based on the specified period and select cloudless scenesfor further analysis. The tool supports collaborative communication between farmers and advisors.
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Bresler, Eshel. "Modeling of Flow, Transport, and Crop Yield in Spatially Variable Fields." In Advances in Soil Science, 1–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4790-6_1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Crop fields"

1

Zhenchenko, K. G., E. N. Turin, A. A. Gongalo, V. Yu Ivanov, N. V. Karaeva, and V. V. Reent. "Weed infestation in the crop rotations depending on the cultivation technology in the Crimea." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-20.

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The stationary experiment on the comparative study of the direct sowing and traditional cultivation technology was laid in 2015–2016 at the trial field of the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”. Two five-course crop rotations were taken as a base; all fields were included in the crop rotation. During the years of research, we observed mixed weed infestation. No matter what cultivation technology was applied, actual weed flora at the fields with winter crops was represented by overwintering and winter weeds; at the fields with spring crops – annual spring weeds. There were no rootstock grasses and rhizomatous perennial weeds or there were few of them at all fields in the experimental crop rotations both by traditional cultivation technology and direct sowing. Timely and high-quality weed control put the direct sowing on equal footing with the traditional one. It is advisable to change herbicides, their doses, as well as use tank mixes, after moving to a direct sowing system.
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Ma, Changdong, Hongtu Zhao, and Xiaojie Wang. "Crop Rows Detection for Whet Fields." In Green and Smart Technology 2016. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2016.141.45.

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Vorontsov, V. A. "Correct seeding of crops under various systems of basic tillage in the crop rotation." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-10.

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Studies conducted at the Tambov Research Institute of Agricultural Research have found that the systems of basic tillage had a significant impact on the contamination of cultivated crops in crop rotations. The use of a permanent surface tillage system in technological complexes of crop cultivation increases the contamination of crops. The traditional multi-depth dump and combined (dump-free) systems of basic tillage in crop rotations are the most effective agrotechnical techniques in clearing fields of weeds.
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A, Gokila, Saravanan Natarajan, Vimalraj T, Prasanna Balaji Subbaiyan, Vijay RS, Dinesh Redkar, and Vishal Gupta Sr. "Fixed High Ground Clearance Tractor." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0063.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Row-crop intercultural activities are widely affected by unavailability of manpower &amp; seasonal nature. Current tractors with lower ground clearance are unable to access field after certain crop stage, may damage crop after certain growth. Some limited mechanization options available (self-propelled boom sprayer) are of higher cost. Crop care activities are intensive and observed consistent increase in cost. To address these challenges and unlock significant business benefits, a novel retro-fit height attachment for tractors has been developed. This attachment empowers tractors to access row-crop fields with crops standing at a height of up to 3 feet, effectively eliminating ground clearance constraints. The benefits of this innovative solution include enhanced accessibility, cost-effective mechanization, heightened operational efficiency, crop preservation, and improved sustainability.</div></div>
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Riomoros, I., M. Guijarro, G. Pajares, P. J. Herrera, X. P. Burgos-Artizzu, and A. Ribeiro. "Automatic image segmentation of greenness in crop fields." In 2010 International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition (SoCPaR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/socpar.2010.5685936.

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Pedersen, Palle. "Do We Really Need to Inoculate Our Fields?" In Proceedings of the 13th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-773.

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Gladysheva, Ol'ga, Oksana Artyuhova, and Vera Svirina. "Crop rotations with clover and their productivity." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production23 (71). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-38-42.

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The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.
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Sanchiz, Jose M., Filiberto Pla, and John A. Marchant. "Vision-based approach to automate spraying in crop fields." In Aerospace/Defense Sensing and Controls, edited by Jacques G. Verly. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.317482.

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Ahmadi, Alireza, Lorenzo Nardi, Nived Chebrolu, and Cyrill Stachniss. "Visual Servoing-based Navigation for Monitoring Row-Crop Fields." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra40945.2020.9197114.

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Jinlin, Xue, and Ju Weiping. "Vision-Based Guidance Line Detection in Row Crop Fields." In 2010 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicta.2010.400.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Crop fields"

1

Soupir, Michelle L., Matthew J. Helmers, and Thomas B. Moorman. Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Resistance Genes in Crop Fields. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-640.

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Soupir, Michelle, Matt Helmers, and Thomas Moorman. Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Resistance Genes in Crop Fields. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-802.

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Bonfil, David J., Daniel S. Long, and Yafit Cohen. Remote Sensing of Crop Physiological Parameters for Improved Nitrogen Management in Semi-Arid Wheat Production Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696531.bard.

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To reduce financial risk and N losses to the environment, fertilization methods are needed that improve NUE and increase the quality of wheat. In the literature, ample attention is given to grid-based and zone-based soil testing to determine the soil N available early in the growing season. Plus, information is available on in-season N topdressing applications as a means of improving GPC. However, the vast majority of research has focused on wheat that is grown under N limiting conditions in sub-humid regions and irrigated fields. Less attention has been given to wheat in dryland that is water limited. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine accuracy in determining GPC of HRSW in Israel and SWWW in Oregon using on-combine optical sensors under field conditions; (2) develop a quantitative relationship between image spectral reflectance and effective crop physiological parameters; (3) develop an operational precision N management procedure that combines variable-rate N recommendations at planting as derived from maps of grain yield, GPC, and test weight; and at mid-season as derived from quantitative relationships, remote sensing, and the DSS; and (4) address the economic and technology-transfer aspects of producers’ needs. Results from the research suggest that optical sensing and the DSS can be used for estimating the N status of dryland wheat and deciding whether additional N is needed to improve GPC. Significant findings include: 1. In-line NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used to rapidly and accurately (SEP <5.0 mg g⁻¹) measure GPC of a grain stream conveyed by an auger. 2. On-combine NIR spectroscopy can be used to accurately estimate (R² < 0.88) grain test weight across fields. 3. Precision N management based on N removal increases GPC, grain yield, and profitability in rainfed wheat. 4. Hyperspectral SI and partial least squares (PLS) models have excellent potential for estimation of biomass, and water and N contents of wheat. 5. A novel heading index can be used to monitor spike emergence of wheat with classification accuracy between 53 and 83%. 6. Index MCARI/MTVI2 promises to improve remote sensing of wheat N status where water- not soil N fertility, is the main driver of plant growth. Important features include: (a) computable from commercial aerospace imagery that include the red edge waveband, (b) sensitive to Chl and resistant to variation in crop biomass, and (c) accommodates variation in soil reflectance. Findings #1 and #2 above enable growers to further implement an efficient, low cost PNM approach using commercially available on-combine optical sensors. Finding #3 suggests that profit opportunities may exist from PNM based on information from on-combine sensing and aerospace remote sensing. Finding #4, with its emphasis on data retrieval and accuracy, enhances the potential usefulness of a DSS as a tool for field crop management. Finding #5 enables land managers to use a DSS to ascertain at mid-season whether a wheat crop should be harvested for grain or forage. Finding #6a expands potential commercial opportunities of MS imagery and thus has special importance to a majority of aerospace imaging firms specializing in the acquisition and utilization of these data. Finding #6b on index MCARI/MVTI2 has great potential to expand use of ground-based sensing and in-season N management to millions of hectares of land in semiarid environments where water- not N, is the main determinant of grain yield. Finding #6c demonstrates that MCARI/MTVI2 may alleviate the requirement of multiple N-rich reference strips to account for soil differences within farm fields. This simplicity will be less demanding of grower resources, promising substantially greater acceptance of sensing technologies for in-season N management.
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Kool, Janne, Eva de Jonge, Ard Nieuwenhuizen, and Hendrik Braam. Green on Green weed detection : Finding weeds in a soybean crop in Brazilian fields with the Rometron WEED-IT sensor : intermediary report. Wageningen: Wageningen Plant Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/649472.

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Cohen, Yafit, Carl Rosen, Victor Alchanatis, David Mulla, Bruria Heuer, and Zion Dar. Fusion of Hyper-Spectral and Thermal Images for Evaluating Nitrogen and Water Status in Potato Fields for Variable Rate Application. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594385.bard.

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Potato yield and quality are highly dependent on an adequate supply of nitrogen and water. Opportunities exist to use airborne hyperspectral (HS) remote sensing for the detection of spatial variation in N status of the crop to allow more targeted N applications. Thermal remote sensing has the potential to identify spatial variations in crop water status to allow better irrigation management and eventually precision irrigation. The overall objective of this study was to examine the ability of HS imagery in the visible and near infrared spectrum (VIS-NIR) and thermal imagery to distinguish between water and N status in potato fields. To lay the basis for achieving the research objectives, experiments in the US and in Israel were conducted in potato with different irrigation and N-application amounts. Thermal indices based merely on thermal images were found sensitive to water status in both Israel and the US in three potato varieties. Spectral indices based on HS images were found suitable to detect N stress accurately and reliably while partial least squares (PLS) analysis of spectral data was more sensitive to N levels. Initial fusion of HS and thermal images showed the potential of detecting both N stress and water stress and even to differentiate between them. This study is one of the first attempts at fusing HS and thermal imagery to detect N and water stress and to estimate N and water levels. Future research is needed to refine these techniques for use in precision agriculture applications.
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Lundgren, Jonathan, Moshe Coll, and James Harwood. Biological control of cereal aphids in wheat: Implications of alternative foods and intraguild predation. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699858.bard.

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The overall objective of this proposal is to understand how realistic strategies for incorporating alternative foods into wheat fields affect the intraguild (IG) interactions of omnivorous and carnivorous predators and their efficacy as biological control agents. Cereal aphids are a primary pest of wheat throughout much of the world. Naturally occurring predator communities consume large quantities of cereal aphids in wheat, and are partitioned into aphid specialists and omnivores. Within wheat fields, the relative abilities of omnivorous and carnivorous predators to reduce cereal aphids depend heavily on the availability, distribution and type of alternative foods (alternative prey, sugar, and pollen), and on the intensity and direction of IG predation events within this community. A series of eight synergistic experiments, carefully crafted to accomplish objectives while accounting for regional production practices, will be conducted to explore how cover crops (US, where large fields preclude effective use of field margins) and field margins (IS, where cover crops are not feasible) as sources of alternative foods affect the IG interactions of predators and their efficacy as biological control agents. These objectives are: 1. Determine the mechanisms whereby the availability of alternative prey and plant-provided resources affect pest suppression by omnivorous and carnivorous generalist predators; 2. Characterize the intensity of IGP within generalist predator communities of wheat systems and assess the impact of these interactions on cereal aphid predation; and 3. Evaluate how spatial patterns in the availability of non-prey resources and IGP affect predation on cereal aphids by generalist predator communities. To accomplish these goals, novel tools, including molecular and biochemical gut content analysis and geospatial analysis, will be coupled with traditional techniques used to monitor and manipulate insect populations and predator efficacy. Our approach will manipulate key alternative foods and IG prey to determine how these individual interactions contribute to the ability of predators to suppress cereal aphids within systems where cover crop and field margin management strategies are evaluated in production scale plots. Using these strategies, the proposed project will not only provide cost-effective and realistic solutions for pest management issues faced by IS and US producers, but also will provide a better understanding of how spatial dispersion, IG predation, and the availability of alternative foods contribute to biological control by omnivores and carnivores within agroecosystems. By reducing the reliance of wheat producers on insecticides, this proposal will address the BARD priorities of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production and protecting plants against biotic sources of stress in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner.
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van de Zande, J. C., and M. M. S. ter Horst. Crop related aspects of crop canopy spray interception and spray drift from downward directed spray applications in field crops. Wageningen: Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Business Unit Agrosystems Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/514310.

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8

Larsson, Madeleine, Karin Tonderski, Genevieve Metson, and Nils-Hassan Quttineh. Towards a more circular biobased economy and nutrient use on Gotland: finding suitable locations for biogas plants. Linköping University Electronic Press, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/report.diva-194234.

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In this study we have investigated the role of biogas solutions to support increased resource efficiency on the island Gotland, including recovery and redistribution of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within the agricultural sector. First, we analyzed the potential for expanding energy and nutrient recovery from organic residues using biogas solutions. Our findings suggest that the biogas production could expand to 165 GWh, from the current 36 GWh (2020), with manure accounting for a potential 110 GWh biogas annually if all were digested. Comparing the nutrients contained in organic feedstock with the crop nutrient demand on Gotland showed that for N the demand is 2.4 times higher than the supply. In contrast, the calculations showed a 137 tonnes P surplus, with distinct excess areas in the center and southern part of the island. We then compared scenarios with different numbers (3 - 15) of biogas plants with respect to efficient nutrient redistribution and transport costs. Spatial constraints for new plants, e.g. need for roads with a certain capacity and permit issues, were accounted for by adding local information to a national data set. We identified 104 potential locations (1 km$^2$ grid cells) and used an optimization model to identify the most suitable locations for minimized transport costs. Optimal (meeting the crop demand with no excess) redistribution of all nutrients contained in the feedstock, as raw digestate from biogas plants, would result in an export of 127 tonnes of P from the island. The model results indicated that if all potential feedstock would be digested in three additional biogas plants and nutrients redistributed for optimal reuse, the total transport cost would be 2.6 million SEK annually, excluding the costs for nutrient export from the island (3.7 million SEK). If instead 10 or 15 smaller plants would be built, the transport cost would drop to 1.8 million SEK, with the same amount of P being exported. Comparing the scenarios with different number of biogas plants (3 - 15), showed that some locations are more suitable than others in terms of distance to feedstock and to fields with fertilizer demands. Finally, a preliminary analysis of the amount of crop residues indicated that this type of feedstock could add a substantial amount of biogas production, but more extensive analyses are needed to assess the feasibility to realize part of that potential.
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Fawcett, James A. Double-Cropped Field Pea Crop Rotation Study. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1214.

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Fawcett, James A., Tom Miller, and Kevin Van Dee. Double-Cropped Field Pea Crop Rotation Study. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-567.

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