Готові списки джерел за темами / Cost of light bulbs

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Cost of light bulbs"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Cost of light bulbs"

1

Abubakar, M. S., J. N. Maduako, and M. Ahmed. "Effects of storage duration and bulb sizes on physiological losses of Agrifound light red onion bulbs (Allium cepa L.)." Agricultural Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (2019): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/10.15547/ast.2019.01.015.

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Abstract. The effect of storage duration and bulb sizes on physiological losses of the Agrifound light red onion bulbs stored in an Improved Naturally Ventilated Storage Structure-INVSS (constructed using locally available materials like; sand, cement, wood, corn stalks, wire mesh and grasses) under room condition was studied in 2012. Dry and wet bulb thermometers were installed to measure ambient temperature and relative humidity. Wind velocity was measurement by hand held Anemometer. The onion bulb samples were sorted and graded into three standard size categories (small: <50mm; medium: 50-70mm and jumbo: >70mm in diameter) and kept in the INVSS at the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Research Farm of Modibbo Adama University of Technology (MAUTECH), Yola. The samples were monitored and data taken on a daily basis for a period of twenty (20) weeks. The data were analyzed with ANOVA in CRD and the means were separated using LSD at p<0.05. The results indicated that storage duration had significant effects (p≤0.05) on weight, rot and sprout losses. Jumbo size onion bulbs had the highest Storage Weight Loss (SWL) by a mean of 5.1%, followed by medium and small size onion bulbs with means of 4.8% and 4.2%, respectively. Storage Sprout Losses (SSL) studied in the three of onion bulb sizes showed higher SSL among the small size Agrifound light red variety than the medium size onion bulbs with respective mean values of 5.0% and 3.8%, while the least value of SSL (2.6%) was observed in Jumbo size onion bulbs. Similar comparison was also made in terms of Storage Rot Losses (SRL) and it showed that relatively higher SRL among the Jumbo size onions (3.3%), followed by medium sizes (3.1%) while the least was observed from the small sizes (2.3%). The findings recommend that the INVSS should be used to store Jumbo and small size onion bulbs for at least 5 months to achieve minimum storage losses. Though, it is not cost effective to store medium size onion bulbs in the INVSS for more than 4 months.
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2

Min, Jihoon, Inês L. Azevedo, Jeremy Michalek, and Wändi Bruine de Bruin. "Labeling energy cost on light bulbs lowers implicit discount rates." Ecological Economics 97 (January 2014): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.10.015.

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3

Saikiran, Munigoti, Lalith Nagaram Nagarajan, and Malladi Bharath. "Android Based Switch Controlling Technique for LED Bulbs Using Bluetooth/Wi-Fi Technology." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 6, no. 1 (May 28, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v6.i1.pp48-52.

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This paper presents an efficient approach to switch on/off and control the intensity of an LED bulb from a remote place using Android Applications installed in a Smartphone. As LED household bulbs and lights are energy efficient, drop-in replacements for the incandescent lighting found in homes and offices. These lights produce a warm brightness while providing a significant cost savings over traditional lighting. Bluetooth &amp; Wi-Fi modules are used simultaneously as an interface that make connection between Android Application and the LPC2148 controller by which the generated output can be viewed with the help of an LED bulb and control various other devices, based on the availability in particular areas.
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4

Rahman, Md Mizanur, Bidhan Chandra Nath, Subrata Paul, Md Golam Kibria Bhuiyan, Md Panna Ali, Hafijur Rahaman, Md Durrul Huda, and Mohammad Abdur Rahman. "Design and Development of BRRI Solar Powered Light Trap." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.a9600.1211221.

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This research intends to design, assemble and evaluate the performance of an eco-friendly solar light trap to reduce the insect population in rice fields as well as to minimize the use of harmful chemical pesticides. An AutoCAD drawing tool 2016 was used to sketch the design of solar light trap. The main component of this light trap was bulb, solar panel and battery. Design of solar panel and battery was done considering by 5W LED bulb. A total of five bulbs with different colors were selected to test the insect’s reaction by visible light. Study indicated that ultra violet-blue bulb showed the best performance compare to others based on the high percentage of insect trap (31.22%). A 20-watt solar panel and two 4.5 ah batteries of 6 volts were used to operate the solar light trap. The current, voltage, solar intensity was recorded to check overall performance of solar panel. The solar panel generated more power in April than May due to higher solar radiation in the study area. Study suggested that only 4.26 sunshine hours were required to full charge the battery. The solar light trap was operated 5.5 hour in night which was sufficient to reduce the insects in rice field. Moreover, the light sensor was showed 100% functional for ON/OFF purposes. The dominant insects like yellow stem borer (YSB), green leafhopper (GLH) were mostly observed. The average largest numbers of YSB and GLH were 900 and 600 respectively. In conclusion, the solar light trap is eco-friendly, low cost, easy and self-sufficient in term of solar energy. Finally, the newly developed light trap could be helpful for manufactures, decision makers, and engineering community as well as farmers as a best tool to protect nature in comparison to other pesticide using practices.
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Kavichai, Eakdanai, and Chirdpong Deelertpaiboon. "Street Lamps Monitoring System Using Relay Control Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.366.

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This research proposes a simple but very effective method to determine faulty street lamps by utilizing a microcontroller associated with relay control technique to analyze the current consumption of the lamps. With such approach, the lighting system can automatically report the number and the position of the faulty street lamp to the operator in the control room. As a consequence, the faulty street lamp can be quickly repaired. The user interface and controller are programmed in LabVIEW software. The result is verified by modeling street light system using five 100 watts incandescent light bulbs connected in parallel. The results of this research can be applied to improve the existing street light system especially in Thailand. Furthermore, equipment used in this research is cost effective.
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Motov, V. M., A. V. Denisova, O. A. Cheglakova, and M. V. Motova. "Specific features of production of Istobensky variety shallot grown by transplanting method." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 21, no. 5 (October 22, 2020): 540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.5.540-548.

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Currently, shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a popular crop, it requires study and development of new varieties. Above all, it needs industrial production technology. The article presents the results of 2015-2019 research on the cultivation of salad shallot by transplanting method in the conditions of the Kirov region (North-East of the European part of Russia). It has been established that growing the Istobensky variety through seedlings allows to get a full-fledged marketable bulb during the growing season. To obtain full-fledged seedlings the seeds are to be sown on the first days of April. The optimal age of seedlings from germination to planting into open ground is 40 days. Depending on the variant, from 1 to 5 pieces of plants were grown in each cell. The control variant had one plant. During artificial illumination, LED lamps with light intensity of 5000-7000 lm were used. The recommended growing period was 20-25 days; the illumination period - 14 hours. Seedlings were grown in a polycarbonate greenhouse during 18-20 days, followed by planting into the open ground. The maximum yield with minimum cost of seeds was obtained by growing three plants in one cell. When grown by the transplanting method, the maximum bulb size of 400 g was obtained in 2016. The studies proved that the maximum yield of 5.8 kg/m2 (+1.6 to the control at LSD05 = 0.7) was obtained when sowing seeds on April, 4. Planting two plants into a hole reduced the average bulb weight by 33%, three – 40; four – 57; and five – 68% compared with the control. The study have shown that shallot of the Istobensky variety is suitable for the transplanting method of growing bulbs from seeds. During one growing period it is possible to get full-fledged bulbs of salad use with an average weight of 100-131 g, with a dry matter content of 2.99%, ascorbic acid – 13.99%, acidity – 0.61%.
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Alzaed, Ali, and Ashraf Balabel. "Experimental Investigations of Solatube Daylighting System for Smart City Applications in Saudi Arabia." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 76, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.76.3.26145.

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The smart cities programme is at the core of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. The development of smart cities is based on adapting innovative technologies and solutions to meet local needs and possibilities in order to reduce both cost and energy resources consumption. In smart cities, more than 40% of electrical energy consumption should be saved. One of the most important electrical energy saving techniques is the application of the Solatube daylight system in sustainable buildings. In the present paper, an experimental investigation into the Solatube daylight system is performed according to the local climate conditions of Taif city, Saudi Arabia. A test chamber was designed with dimensions of 1 m3, made from medium density fibreboard. The model of Solatube used in the present research is Solatube 160 DS, 10” in diameter and with a length up to 30’. The HS1010-LCD digital light meter is used for measuring light intensity. A comparison of illumination obtained from the Solatube with that obtained from artificial bulbs of standard ratings was made at two different vertical distances inside the test chamber (z = 0.8 m, z = 1.0 m). The results showed that the Solatube, at both vertical distances, gave a better illuminance than standard artificial bulbs. Moreover, the results indicated that the Solatube daylight system converted about 60% of sunlight to passive light inside the test chamber. Generally, it is concluded that the Solatube daylight system can be efficiently used in residential, commercial, or industrial buildings in smart cities according to the available solar characteristics.
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Amin, Md Ruhul, Ishtiaque Arif, and Mohammad Maksudur Rahman. "Green Marketing Practices for Sustainable Business Growth in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Dhaka City." Global Disclosure of Economics and Business 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/gdeb.v1i2.197.

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Анотація:
Green marketing is a way to use the environmental benefits of a product or service to promote sales. Many consumers will choose products that do not damage the environment over less environmentally friendly products, even if they cost more. With green marketing, advertisers focus on environmental benefits to sell products such as biodegradable diapers, energy-efficient light bulbs, and environmentally safe detergents. As a Bangladeshi citizens are very much unaware about green marketing which portrait their unconsciousness of environment. Here authors have tried to sketch the problems and prospects of green marketing along with to draw attention of readers’ to make them consciousness about the pollution of environment. JEL Classification Code: M30; M31; M39
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Muniv, R. M. "Modern lighting systems for livestock enterprises." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 89 (November 13, 2018): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet8923.

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Анотація:
The constant rise in electricity prices, at least 10% each year, makes livestock growers pay a lot of attention to finding ways to reduce their costs. Between different types of lighting, including in the field of agriculture, the leader in developed countries is LED. The main advantage of LED technology is energy efficiency. Properly selected intensity and duration of illumination have a very positive effect on health, fertility, well-being and productivity of dairy cattle and poultry. The 16-hour illumination regime at a level of 150–200 lux followed by 8-hour darkness leads to an increase in milk yield by 15%, increased fertility, reduced intervals between calving and early diagnosis of animal diseases. We recommend to keep at least 150 lux for 16–18 hours, and then 8–6 hours of darkness for quality pig development. The farrowing room requires 16 hours of light followed by an 8-hour period of darkness. The minimum level of illumination for horses is 150–200 lux. This level of illumination coupled with the 16-hour lighting regime and the subsequent 8-hour darkness gives positive results in reproduction, making a significant impact on hormonal levels and fertility of horses. The traditional incandescent lamps, while performing their lighting functions, lose thermal energy production to 95% of electricity, and only 5% turns into useful light energy. When operating LED bulbs 40–50% of electric energy is converted into light energy. Thus, the efficiency of LED lamps is 5–10 times higher than that of incandescent lamps. The biggest drawback of LED bulbs is their value, but the use of LED devices can save up to 70% of electricity. Energy-saving lamps save up to 80% of energy, sometimes even more. Obviously this becomes, if you translate interest in hryvnia. At a considerable cost of fluorescent lamps (LEDs) and LEDs during their work (from 6-12 thousand h and up to 50 thousand h.) It is possible to save 165–1314 UAH. And this is on one lamp. The main difference is the price for the lamps themselves. LL costs about 25 UAH, and LED – 80–250 UAH. The fairly high cost is compensated for a long time. Lamps can serve from 4 years (L) to 12 years (LED lamps). In animal husbandry, as in one of the most energy intensive industries, the use of LED systems is most relevant, since it allows you to reduce the cost of production.
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Chang, Chien Hsuan, Hung Liang Cheng, Chun An Cheng, and En Chih Chang. "Analysis and Design of the Active Clamp Forward Converter as a Color LED Driver." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2472.

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Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have substituted for incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps gradually in the residential, industrial and commercial lighting applications. This paper proposes an active clamp forward converter with the sequential color display (SCD) control to drive red, green and blue (RGB) LED arrays. Both of the main switch and the auxiliary switch can turn on under zero voltage switching (ZVS), resulting in high system efficiency. RGB LED arrays are sequentially driven by the same converter, which can save components and reduce cost significantly. Besides, the pulse-width modulation (PWM) control is applied to achieve a large chromaticity variation. The operation principles of the proposed LED driver are addressed. Experimental results of a 100W laboratory prototype are used to verify the feasibility and validity of the theoretical predictions.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Cost of light bulbs"

1

Дубецький, Андрій Станіславович. "Задача порядку розроблення техніко-економічного обґрунтування систем освітлення для промислових споживачів". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/29149.

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Метою даної дипломної роботи є розроблення техніко-економічного обґрунтування систем освітлення для промислових споживачів. Створений програмний продукт повинен бути реалізований веб-технологіями для легкого доступу та крос-браузерності. Крім того, він повинен мати зручний та інтерактивний інтерфейс користувача.
The purpose of this thesis is to develop a feasibility study for lighting systems for industrial consumers. The software product you create should be implemented with web technologies for easy access and cross-browser. In addition, it must have a user-friendly and interface.
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2

Björn, Robert, and Anders Westlinder. "Energy savings by using low energy light bulbs and automation,and the impact on the power quality." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-80518.

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Detta examensarbete har utförts i samarbete med Kjell & Company som är en rikstäckande butikskedja som tillhandahåller hemelektronikprodukter via internet och 55 butiker fördelade över 30 orter. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att jämföra elförbrukning och kostnader för olika lågenergilampor med glödlampan som referens samt att studera elkvalitén med avseende på eventuella nätstörningar lamporna kan ge upphov till och även undersöka om det går att minska elförbrukningen genom att automatisera exempelvis belysning och annan elutrustning. Undersökningen har gjorts genom att mäta på lampor och utrustning med hjälp av en Norma D1150 wattmeter och en Fluke 43 Power Quality Analyzer samt att utföra beräkningar på utförda mätningar och på tillverkarens angivna data. Alla mätningar har utförts med universitetets utrustning och i universitets lokaler förutom mätningen på delar av automationstesterna som mättes med en elmätare PM 300 i ett hushåll. Allt material som testerna utförts på har kommit från Kjell & Co förutom glödlamporna som är inköpta i en annan butik på grund av att Kjell & Co inte har några i sitt sortiment. Slutsatsen som kan dras av undersökningarna blir att genom att byta ut gamla glödlampor mot halogen- eller lågenergilampor går det att göra en betydande energi- och kostnadsbesparing. Vad gäller de övertoner som alstras av de enskilda lågenergilamporna är övertonshalten i strömdelen hög men strömmen i sig väldigt låg, i milliamperenivå. Därför är det svårt att se att dess inverkan ska vara av någon betydelse för elkvalitén idag. I fråga om automatiseringen av mediautrustningen går det att göra en energivinst så länge som utrustning ansluten i slaveuttagen förbrukar mer än grenkontaktens 2,2 W. När det gäller automatiseringen av en lampa med rörelsevakt så gav det i detta fall en energibesparing men om andra mätmetoder används eller är lyset alltid släcks manuellt när det inte behövs kan det ge andra utfall.
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3

Rangappa, Shreedhar. "Absolute depth using low-cost light field cameras." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36224.

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Анотація:
Digital cameras are increasingly used for measurement tasks within engineering scenarios, often being part of metrology platforms. Existing cameras are well equipped to provide 2D information about the fields of view (FOV) they observe, the objects within the FOV, and the accompanying environments. But for some applications these 2D results are not sufficient, specifically applications that require Z dimensional data (depth data) along with the X and Y dimensional data. New designs of camera systems have previously been developed by integrating multiple cameras to provide 3D data, ranging from 2 camera photogrammetry to multiple camera stereo systems. Many earlier attempts to record 3D data on 2D sensors have been completed, and likewise many research groups around the world are currently working on camera technology but from different perspectives; computer vision, algorithm development, metrology, etc. Plenoptic or Lightfield camera technology was defined as a technique over 100 years ago but has remained dormant as a potential metrology instrument. Lightfield cameras utilize an additional Micro Lens Array (MLA) in front of the imaging sensor, to create multiple viewpoints of the same scene and allow encoding of depth information. A small number of companies have explored the potential of lightfield cameras, but in the majority, these have been aimed at domestic consumer photography, only ever recording scenes as relative scale greyscale images. This research considers the potential for lightfield cameras to be used for world scene metrology applications, specifically to record absolute coordinate data. Specific interest has been paid to a range of low cost lightfield cameras to; understand the functional/behavioural characteristics of the optics, identify potential need for optical and/or algorithm development, define sensitivity, repeatability and accuracy characteristics and limiting thresholds of use, and allow quantified 3D absolute scale coordinate data to be extracted from the images. The novel output of this work is; an analysis of lightfield camera system sensitivity leading to the definition of Active Zones (linear data generation good data) and In-active Zones (non-linear data generation poor data), development of bespoke calibration algorithms that remove radial/tangential distortion from the data captured using any MLA based camera, and, a light field camera independent algorithm that allows the delivery of 3D coordinate data in absolute units within a well-defined measurable range from a given camera.
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4

Ozturk, Erhan. "Cost Estimation Of Trackworks Of Light Rail And Metro Projects." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610332/index.pdf.

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Анотація:
The main objective of this work is to develop models using multivariable regression and artificial neural network approaches for cost estimation of the construction costs of trackworks of light rail transit and metro projects at the early stages of the construction process in Turkey. These two approaches were applied to a data set of 16 projects by using seventeen parameters available at the early design phase. According to the results of each method, regression analysis estimated the cost of testing samples with an error of 2.32%. On the other hand, artificial neural network estimated the cost with 5.76% error, which is slightly higher than the regression error. As a result, two successful cost estimation models have been developed within the scope of this study. These models can be beneficial while taking the decision in the tender phase of projects that includes trackworks.
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5

OLIVEIRA, THAIS de. "Recuperacao e reciclagem dos acidos nitrico e sulfurico e do molibdenio dos residuos liquidos das industrias de lampadas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9554.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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6

Berrada, Sounni Amine. "Low cost manufacturing of light trapping features on multi-crystalline silicon solar cells : jet etching method and cost analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61522.

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Анотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2010.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-128).
An experimental study was conducted in order to determine low cost methods to improve the light trapping ability of multi-crystalline solar cells. We focused our work on improving current wet etching methods to achieve the desired light trapping features which consists in micro-scale trenches with parabolic cross-sectional profiles with a target aspect ratio of 1.0. The jet etching with a hard mask method, which consists in impinging a liquid mixture of hydrofluoric, nitric and acetic acids through the opening of hard mask, was developed. First, a computational fluid dynamics simulation was conducted to determine the desired jet velocity and angle to be used in our experiments. We find that using a jet velocity of 3 m/s and a jetting angle of 45° yields the necessary flow characteristics for etching high aspect ratio features. Second, we performed experiments to determine the effect of jet etching using a photo-resist mask and thermally grown silicon oxide mask on multiple silicon substrates : <100>, <110>, <111> and multi-crystalline silicon. Compared to a baseline of etching with no jet, we find that the jet etching process can improve the light trapping ability of the baseline features by improving their aspect ratio up to 65.2% and their light trapping ability up to 38.1%. The highest aspect ratio achieved using the jet etching process was 0.62. However, it must be noted that the repeatability of the results was not consistent: significant variations in the results of the same experiment occurred, making the jet etching process promising but difficult to control. Finally, we performed a cost analysis in order to determine the minimum efficiency that a jet etching process would have to achieve to be cost competitive and its corresponding features aspect ratio. We find that a minimum cell efficiency of 16.63% and feature aspect ratios of 0.57 are necessary for cost competitiveness with current solar cell manufacturing technology.
by Amine Berrada Sounni.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
S.M.
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7

Brown, Conrad Nelson. "Cost analysis of recapitalizing Marine light attack helicopter assets : a case study /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA306101.

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Анотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1995.
Thesis advisor(s): Shu S. Liao, David F. Matthews. "December 1995." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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8

Van, Reede Van Oudtshoorn Armand. "A critical review of the possible reasons for construction cost overruns in light of cost estimating methodologies and models used in industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95685.

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Анотація:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research report was conducted to critically review the methodologies and best practices prescribed by world class cost engineering experts and institutions, in order to develop a cost estimating model which organisations could use as a guideline for their cost estimates on large capital intensive projects.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingsverslag is gedoen om ‘n kritiese oorsig te doen op die metodes en beste praktyke voorgeskryf deur wereldklas koste ingenieur deskundiges en instansies, om sodoende ‘n koste beramings model te ontwikkel wat gebruik kan word deur organisasies as handleiding gedurende die koste beraming van hulle kapitale intensiewe projekte.
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9

Wilson, Ronald S. "Cost-benefit analysis of single siting depot level maintenance for the Light Armored Vehicle." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA386343.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2000.
Thesis advisor(s): Gue, Kevin R. ; Eaton, Donald. "December 200." Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-53). Also available in print.
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10

Savsin, Selen. "The skill composition in the light of sourcing:offshoring and inshoring." Licentiate thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35277.

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Книги з теми "Cost of light bulbs"

1

Pellard, G. Electric light bulbs. Cambridge: Hobsons Limited, 1985.

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2

Iwamasa, Robert T. Antique Christmas figural light bulbs. Midland, Mich: RTI Pub., 1996.

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3

Light: From sun to bulbs. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2003.

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4

Riddell, John. How to grow your own light bulbs. Stratford, Ont: Mercury Press, 1996.

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5

Schneck, Donald C. Light rail transit capital cost study. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of Technical Assistance and Safety, 1991.

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6

How does a light bulb work? New York: Gareth Stevens Publishing, 2016.

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7

From telegraphs to light bulbs with Thomas Edison. Sisters, Ore: Multnomah Publishers, 1999.

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8

Oxlade, Chris. The light bulb. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2012.

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9

Collier, James Lincoln. Electricity and the light bulb. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2005.

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10

ill, Lafrance Marie, ed. The firehouse light. Berkeley [Calif.]: Tricycle Press, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Cost of light bulbs"

1

Lawson, Tom R., Anna C. Faul, and A. N. Verbist. "Introduction—Fear, Rules, Light Bulbs." In Research and Statistics for Social Workers, 3–10. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315640495-1.

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2

Szende, Peter, Suzanne Markham Bagnera, and Danielle Clark Cole. "The perfect change of light bulbs." In Human Resource Management in Hospitality Cases, 147–48. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351233316-47.

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3

Wallwork, Adrian. "Light Bulbs, Waiters, What’s the Difference?" In Jokes, 117–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67247-2_8.

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4

Bacon, Roger, and Charles T. Moses. "Carbon Fibers, from Light Bulbs to Outer Space." In High Performance Polymers: Their Origin and Development, 341–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7073-4_33.

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5

Watson, John. "Automatic Porch Light." In Cost-effective Electronic Construction, 6–14. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07406-8_2.

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6

Sutrisno, M. S., S. Nurulain, N. O. Sharif, M. R. Salim, and H. Manap. "Light Bulbs Comparison from Different Brand and Working Principle." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 89–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8690-0_9.

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7

Thongtem, Somchai, Pisith Singjai, Titipun Thongtem, and Panumath Saksoangmuang. "Growth of Carbon Nanorods on Tungsten Filaments of Light Bulbs." In Materials Science Forum, 1002–5. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-995-4.1002.

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8

Diebold, Michael P. "Cost-Effective Paint Formulation." In Application of Light Scattering to Coatings, 181–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12015-7_8.

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9

Marletto, Gerardo, Simone Franceschini, Chiara Ortolani, and Cécile Sillig. "The History of the US Light Market Between Bulbs and Illumination." In Mapping Sustainability Transitions, 67–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42274-9_6.

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10

Meijer, Maarten. "Aluminium Smelter Logistics — Can These Bring Real Cost Savings?" In Light Metals 2011, 421–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48160-9_75.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Cost of light bulbs"

1

Schmid, Stefan, Josef Ziegler, Giorgio Corbellini, Thomas R. Gross, and Stefan Mangold. "Using consumer LED light bulbs for low-cost visible light communication systems." In MobiCom'14: The 20th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2643164.2643170.

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2

Schmid, Stefan, Theodoros Bourchas, Stefan Mangold, and Thomas R. Gross. "Linux Light Bulbs." In MobiCom'15: The 21th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2801073.2801074.

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3

Bruegge, Bernd, Truman Fenton, Tae Wook Kim, Ricardo Pravia, Aseem Sharma, Benedict Fernandes, Seongju Chang, and Volker Hartkopf. "Turning light bulbs into objects." In Addendum to the 1997 ACM SIGPLAN conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/274567.274570.

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4

Kragh, E., and R. Laws. "Light Bulbs Used for Seismic Illumination." In 67th EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.1.p053.

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5

Ronsmans, S., E. Verbeken, S. Keirsbilck, E. Adams, R. Swennen, and B. Nemery. "786 Sarcoidosis in two workers making light bulbs." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1278.

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6

Chen, Chien-Chih, Ying-Yan Wu, and Chen-Ching Ting. "Two-Dimensional Temperature Measurement in Free Boundary Environment by Using Moiré Deflectometry With Monochrome LED Lamp." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17037.

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Анотація:
This article develops low cost moiré deflectometry for two-dimensional temperature measurement in free boundary environment. Experimental setup uses a red monochrome LED lamp with wavelength range of 625–635 nm as light source. In process, the light first runs through the convex lens and then propagates to the parabolic mirror with diameter of 406 mm and f/4.5 for generating the parallel light. The parallel light further propagates to test object and through two gratings with both pitch 254 lpi which are printed by laser printer. Behind the two gratings, a CCD camera is applied to capture the image, the distorted fringes. Based on the moiré deflectometry theory, the two-dimensional temperature distribution in free boundary environment can be determined in terms of the captured fringe shift analysis. This work has successfully measured the two-dimensional temperature distribution in free boundary environment with heat source models of 40–95 °C vertical wall, 60 W light bulb, and burning candle flame. The measured temperature deviations between moiré deflectometry and thermocouple thermometer are all less than 5%.
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7

Liu, Yi-wei, and John Bullough. "Evaluation of After-Market Light Emitting Diode Headlight Bulbs." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0850.

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8

Gyimesi, F., and Z. Fuzessy. "Difference Holographic Interferometry Of Light-Bulbs At Direct Transillumination." In Holography '89, edited by Yuri N. Denisyuk and Tung H. Jeong. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.963834.

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9

Schmid, Stefan, Thomas Richner, Stefan Mangold, and Thomas R. Gross. "EnLighting: An Indoor Visible Light Communication System Based on Networked Light Bulbs." In 2016 13th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2016.7732989.

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10

Liu, Yung S. "Advances of lighting technologies — From light bulbs to solid state light sources." In 2007 Asia Optical Fiber Communication and Optoelectronics Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aoe.2007.4410786.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Cost of light bulbs"

1

Author, Not Given. CALiPER Snapshot Report: Light Bulbs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1221098.

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2

Tarsa, Eric. Scalable Light Module for Low-Cost, High-Efficiency Light- Emitting Diode Luminaires. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1234440.

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3

Dawson, Karen, and Piyush Sabharwall. A Review of Light Water Reactor Costs and Cost Drivers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1466793.

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4

David P. Norton, Stephen Pearton, and Fan Ren. ZnO PN Junctions for Highly-Efficient, Low-Cost Light Emitting Diodes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/923721.

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5

Timmons, Michael L. Light-Weight, Low Cost, High-Efficiency Solar Cells Space Planar Arrays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb209013.

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Russell Gaudiana, David GInley, and Robert Birkmeyer. Low Cost, Light Weight SOlar Modules Based on Organic Photovoltaic Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1039319.

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7

Dauskardt, Reinhold. Low-Cost Scaffold-Reinforced Perovskite Solar Modules with Integrated Light Management. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1543150.

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Taleyarkhan, Rusi P., Michael Wright, and Brian Archambault. Novel, Low-Cost, Light-Weight High Efficiency (H*10 Capable) Neutron Detector-Dosimeter. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1492814.

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9

Shinar, Ruth, Joseph Shinar, Rana Biswas, and Dennis Slafer. Enhanced Light Extraction from Low Cost White OLEDs Fabricated on Novel Patterned Substrates”. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1505171.

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10

Minervini, Joseph V., Leslie Bromberg, Phillip C. Michael, Alexey Radovinsky, and Daniel Winklehner. Compact, Low-Cost, Light-Weight, Superconducting, Ironless Cyclotrons for Hadron Radiotherapy (Final Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1505372.

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