Готові списки джерел за темами / Conversion functions

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Conversion functions"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Conversion functions"

1

Lozov, P., and D. Boulytchev. "Conversion Typed Functions into Relational Form." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 30, no. 2 (2018): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2018-30(2)-3.

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Bulanova, Irina Sergeevna, and Alexander Yurevich Chernov. "PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF THE RELIGIOS CONVERSION." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem, no. 11 (November 29, 2016): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2016-11-136-148.

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3

Morrisett, Greg, and Robert Harper. "Typed Closure Conversion for Recursively-Defined Functions." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 10 (1998): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0661(05)80702-9.

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Wang, L., A. E. A. Almaini, and A. Bystrov. "Efficient polarity conversion for large Boolean functions." IEE Proceedings - Computers and Digital Techniques 146, no. 4 (1999): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cdt:19990525.

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Nesterov, V. N. "Invariant parametric transducers with linear conversion functions." Measurement Techniques 36, no. 3 (March 1993): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01003671.

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Bange, Peter. "ModellingNO conversion by using probability density functions." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 62, no. 1-4 (January 1993): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00705561.

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7

Niewȩgłowski, Jacek, Moncef Gabbouj, and Yrjö Neuvo. "Weighted medians — positive Boolean functions conversion algorithms." Signal Processing 34, no. 2 (November 1993): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1684(93)90159-8.

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Pawelek, John M. "Dopachrome conversion factor functions as an isomerase." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 166, no. 3 (February 1990): 1328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291x(90)91011-g.

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Zikra, Alfiandi. "Converting Agricultural Land To Mining From The Perspective Of Islamic Economic Law." Journal Economy and Currency Study (JECS) 4, no. 1 (February 11, 2022): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.51178/jecs.v4i1.428.

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Анотація:
The conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural functions has become a phenomenon in almost all regions. With the aim of increasing the economy instantly and quickly One thing that may not be taken into consideration in carrying out land conversion is the impact arising from the conversion of land functions, both in terms of the declining agricultural output sector or environmental damage due to the transfer of functions. One of the conversions of agricultural land to mining occurred in Pangkalan Jambu District, Merangin Regency, Jambi Province. The data analysis method of this research is descriptive. The findings of this study are: First, in the process of converting agricultural land into mining in Pangkalan Jambu District, Merangin Regency, Jambi Province, the majority of people still use manual tools, Second, the conversion of agricultural land into mining in Pangkalan Jambu District, Merangin Regency, Jambi Province has a significant impact on community economic improvement. However, the impact of environmental damage is much greater. Third, in the study of Islamic economic law, the conversion of agricultural land to mining in Pangkalan Jambu District, Merangin Regency, Jambi Province violates the concept of maslahah.
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Walsh, J. Bruce. "Sequence-Dependent Gene Conversion: Can Duplicated Genes Diverge Fast Enough to Escape Conversion?" Genetics 117, no. 3 (November 1, 1987): 543–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/117.3.543.

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ABSTRACT Conversion between duplicated genes limits their independent evolution. Models in which conversion frequencies decrease as genes diverge are examined to determine conditions underwhich genes can "escape" further conversion and hence escape from a gene family. A review of results from various recombination systems suggests two classes of sequence-dependence models: (1) the "k-hit" model in which conversion is completely inactivated by a few (k) mutational events, such as the insertion of a mobile element, and (2) more general models where conversion frequency gradually declines as genes diverge through the accumulation of point mutants. Exact analysis of the k-hit model is given and an approximate analysis of a more general sequence-dependent model is developed and verified by computer simulation. If ´ is the per nucleotide mutation rate, then neutral duplicated genes diverging through point mutants are likely to escape conversion provided 2µ/λ >> 0.1, where λ is the conversion rate between identical genes. If 2µ/λ << 0.1, the expected number of conversions before escape increases exponentially so that, for biological purposes, the genes never escape conversion. For single mutational events sufficient to block further conversions, occurring at rate ν per copy per generation, many conversions are expected if 2ν/λ << 1, while the genes essentially evolve independently if 2ν/λ >> 1. Implications of these results for both models of concerted evolution and the evolution of new gene functions via gene duplication are discussed.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Conversion functions"

1

Mendes, Lucas William. "Metagenome of Amazon forest conversion: impacts on soil-borne microbial diversity and functions." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-11062014-144747/.

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The Amazon rainforest is considered the world\'s largest reservoir of plant and animal biodiversity, but in recent years has been subjected to high rates of deforestation for the conversion of native areas into agricultural fields and pasture. The understanding of the effects of land-use change on soil microbial communities is essential, taking into account the importance that these organisms play in the ecosystem. In this context, this thesis evaluated the effect of these changes on microorganism communities in soils under different land-use systems. In the first study, the microbial communities were analyzed using the nextgeneration sequencing Illumina Hiseq2000, considering samples from native forest, deforested area, agriculture and pasture. From the analysis of approximately 487 million sequences was possible to show that microbial communities respond differently in each landuse system, with changes in both taxonomic and functional diversity. Also, we suggested that ecosystem function in forest soils is maintained by the abundance of microorganisms, while in disturbed areas such functioning is maintained by high diversity and functional redundancy. In the second study, we assessed the extent to which a particular plant species, i.e. soybean, is able to select the microbial community that inhabits the rhizosphere. From the metagenomic sequencing by the 454 GS FLX Titanium platform we investigated the taxonomic and functional diversities of soil and rhizosphere communities associated to soybean, and also tested the validity of neutral and niche theories to explain rhizosphere community assembly process. The results suggest that soybean selects a specific microbial community inhabiting the rhizosphere based on functional traits, which may be related to benefits to the plant, such as growth promotion and nutrition. This process of selection follows largely the niche -based theory indicating the selection power of the plant and other environmental variables in shaping the microbial community both at the taxonomic and functional level. This thesis highlights the importance of microbial ecology studies in the context of the Amazon to a better understanding of the effects of deforestation on microorganisms, and provides information that can be suitable for future development of sustainable approaches for the ecosystem use
A floresta Amazônica é considerada o maior reservatório de biodiversidade vegetal e animal do mundo, porém, nos últimos anos tem sido submetida à altas taxas de desmatamento para a conversão de áreas de mata nativa em campos de agricultura e pastagem. A compreensão sobre os efeitos dessa mudança de uso da terra sobre as comunidades microbianas do solo é fundamental, levando-se em consideração a importância que esses organismos desempenham no ecossistema. Neste contexto, este trabalho de tese avaliou o efeito dessas mudanças sobre as comunidades de micro-organismos em solos sob diferentes sistemas de uso. No primeiro estudo, as comunidades microbianas foram analisadas por meio do sequenciamento de nova geração Illumina Hiseq2000, sendo consideradas amostras de áreas de floresta nativa, área desmatada, agricultura e pastagem. A partir da análise de aproximadamente 487 milhões de sequências foi possível mostrar que as comunidades microbianas respondem diferentemente em cada sistema de uso do solo, com alterações tanto na diversidade taxonômica quanto funcional. Também, sugere-se que o funcionamento do ecossistema em solos de floresta é mantido pela abundância dos micro-organismos presentes, enquanto nas áreas alteradas esse funcionamento é mantido pela alta diversidade e redundância funcional. No segundo estudo foi avaliado até que ponto uma espécie de planta, i.e. soja, é capaz de selecionar a comunidade habitante de sua rizosfera. A partir do sequenciamento metagenômico pela plataforma 454 GS FLX Titanium da Roche foi investigado a diversidade taxonômica e funcional das comunidades de solo e rizosfera associadas à soja, e testou-se a validade das teorias neutras e de nicho para explicar o processo de formação das comunidades microbianas. Os resultados sugerem que a soja seleciona uma comunidade específica que habita sua rizosfera com base em atributos funcionais, os quais podem estar relacionados com benefícios à planta, como promoção do crescimento e nutrição. Esse processo de seleção segue a teoria de nicho, indicando o poder de seleção da planta e de outras variáveis ambientais em moldar as comunidades microbianas tanto de forma taxonômica quanto funcional. Esta tese destaca a importância de estudos em ecologia microbiana no contexto da Amazônia para uma melhor compreensão dos efeitos do desmatamento sobre os microrganismos e disponibiliza informações que podem ser futuramente utilizados para o desenvolvimento de metodologias mais sustentáveis para o uso do ecossistema
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Yang, Y. "Functions of SoxE in direct conversion of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to neurons and neural stem cell (NSC) maintenance." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1469500/.

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Proneural transcriptional factor Ascl1 plays essential roles in inducing neuronal differentiation and subtype specification in developing central nerve system. More recently, Ascl1 has been identified as one of the critical factors that are involved in direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to functional neurons. As Ascl1 is essential to activate neuronal specific programme in both neuronal differentiation and direct reprogramming, we hypothesis that identifying common Ascl1 downstream genes allows us to understand molecular mechanisms in both programmes. In this study, genome-wide expression microarrays indicated that Sox8 was involved in both Ascl1-medicate reprogramming and neural stem cell maintenance in vitro. Both Sox8 Gain-of-Function and Loss-of-Function reduced the generation of induced neurons suggested the possibility that Sox8 was transiently expressed during the reprogramming process. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Sox8 or Sox9 inhibited Ascl1-induced neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro. Sox8 or/and Sox9 Loss-of-Function significantly reduced neural stem cell proliferation in vitro. The observation was also confirmed by genome-wide expression microarray experiments, which identified a number of cell cycle related genes were deregulated by Sox8 or/and Sox9. These data suggested that SoxE (specifically Sox8 and Sox9) activities were essential to maintain neural stem cell proliferation in vitro.
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Gallon, Florian. "Moines aux extrémités de la terre : fonctions et représentations du monachisme dans la péninsule ibérique du haut moyen âge ( VIIIe - XIe siècle)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30047.

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Cette étude vise à analyser la place occupée par les moines et les monastères, d’un double point de vue pratique et idéologique, dans la société hispanique du haut Moyen Âge, à l’exclusion de la Catalogne et d’al-Andalus. Les fonctions remplies par les monastères sont, pour une part, traditionnelles et conformes à celles qu’ils exercent à la même époque dans d’autres régions de l’Occident chrétien. Le développement du monachisme – c’est-à-dire la fondation de monastères, leur enrichissement par donation et leur capacité à se nourrir de nouvelles recrues – s’explique par la croyance en la doctrine du salut, qui incite chacun à œuvrer pour sa rédemption et celle de ses proches. Mais la profusion de monastères dans la chrétienté péninsulaire tient aussi à d’autres facteurs : stratégies économiques, politiques et mémorielles des élites ; capacité de communautés rurales solidaires à faire émaner d’elles-mêmes de modestes établissements monastiques ; progression des royaumes septentrionaux aux dépens d’al-Andalus. La prolifération des monastères est favorisée par la souplesse des cadres normatifs dans lesquels ils s’intègrent ; il en résulte une grande adaptabilité de forme et de contenu, si bien que les monasteria les plus modestes se distinguent mal de simples églises rurales, l’une de leurs fonctions essentielles étant de servir aux nécessités du culte. Les grands monastères contribuent également à l’encadrement socio-pastoral par l’emprise qu’ils exercent sur les fonctions épiscopales, par la célébration de cérémonies liturgiques ouvertes aux laïcs, par le contrôle d’églises rurales, par la réception d’immunités qui les placent à la tête de véritables seigneuries. La situation frontalière qui caractérise la péninsule Ibérique du haut Moyen Âge confère aux monastères une couleur spécifique. Victimes des assauts musulmans, ils s’engagent en retour dans la défense des territoires chrétiens. Une partie de leurs fonctions habituelles se trouve réorientée, dans un tel contexte, en des applications particulières dont témoignent l’attention au sort des captifs ou le développement, à la fin du XIe siècle, d’une liturgie belliqueuse. Les fonctions sociales remplies par les monastères et le prestige attaché au genre de vie monastique justifient que les moines occupent, en pratique, une position centrale dans le fonctionnement de la société. Celle-ci n’apparaît pourtant pas telle qu’elle laisse émerger, dans les discours, l’idée promue à la même époque par les grands monastères du nord des Pyrénées selon laquelle les moines formeraient l’élite d’une société chrétienne hiérarchisée en fonction d’un critère de pureté, et pourraient prétendre, à ce titre, occuper le sommet de l’ordre du monde. Ancré dans une tradition wisigothique qui participe à expliquer une durable imperméabilité aux courants monastiques ultra-pyrénéens, le monachisme hispanique connaît à la fin du XIe siècle un processus de normalisation qui le fait entrer dans une nouvelle phase de son histoire
This study aims to analyse, from a double practical and ideological point of view, the place of monks and monasteries in the early medieval hispanic society, apart from Catalonia and al-Andalus. The functions of monasteries were in part traditional and in keeping with the ones they fulfilled elsewhere in the christian West. The rise of monasticism – that is, the foundation of monasteries, their increase in wealth trough donations, their ability to feed themselves with new recruits – may be explained by the belief in the doctrine of salvation, which incited every one to strive for his own redemption and that of his relatives. However, the abundance of monasteries in the peninsular christendom also depended on other factors : economic, political and memorial strategies of the elite ; ability of rural communities to make appear from themselves small monasteries ; expansion of the northern realms at the expense of al-Andalus. The proliferation of monasteries was boosted by the fluidness of the normative framework in which they took place and which favoured a wide range of formal adaptation, in such a way that many modest monasteria were not easy to distinguish from simple rural churches – one of their essential functions being to serve as places of worship. The big monasteries also took part in the social control and pastoral care, thanks to the hold on the episcopal functions, celebration of liturgical ceremonies opened to lay people, ownership of rural churches and privileges of immunity that put them at the head of authentic seigniories. The border situation of the early medieval Iberian Peninsula gave to monasteries a peculiar tone. As well as they suffered from the muslim assaults, they took part in the defence of the christian territories. In such a context, part of their usual functions were redirected to specific applications, of which the attention to the lot of prisoners or the development of a bellicist liturgy at the end of the 11th century are good examples. The social functions assumed by monasteries and the prestige of the monastic way of life explain that the monks, in practical terms, held a central position in the running of society. However, this role was not enough to make emerge, in discursive terms, the idea – promoted at the same time by some big monasteries north of the Pyrenees – that the monks were the elite of a christian society hierarchically organized by a criterion of purity and claimed, for that very reason, to be at the top of the social order. The visigothic tradition in which hispanic monasticism was rooted may partly explain that it remained for long impervious to the ultra-pyrenean monastic trends. At the end of the 11th century, a process of normalization drove the iberian monasteries into a new phasis of their history
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Дмитриенко, Валерий Дмитриевич, Сергей Юрьевич Леонов, Александр Юрьевич Заковоротный та Дмитрий Максимович Главчев. "Проблемы преобразования нелинейных систем управления технологическими процессами к эквивалентным линейным в форме Бруновского". Thesis, ВМВ, 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/45506.

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Рассматривается задача линеаризации математических моделей, описывающих технологические процессы, с целью получения удобного инструмента для управления ими. Задача линеаризации решается с помощью геометрической теории управления (ГТУ). Привлекательность ГТУ связана с получением эквивалентных нелинейным моделям линейных моделей, которые удобно использовать для решения задач управления, получая структуры регуляторов или законы управления. После чего осуществляется обратный переход из пространства линейных систем в пространство исходной нелинейной системы. При этом основные аналитические преобразования автоматизированы с помощью специализированного программного обеспечения. Поиск функций преобразования, связывающих переменные линейной и нелинейной моделей, осуществляется с помощью нового конструктивного метода решения системы дифференциальных уравнений в частных производных.
The problem of linearization of mathematical models describing technological processes with the purpose of obtaining a convenient tool for managing them is considered. The problem of linearization is solved by means of a geometric control theory (GCT). The attractiveness of GCT is connected, first of all, with obtaining equivalent nonlinear linear models, which are convenient for solving management problems and receiving regulatory structures or control laws. After that performed the reverse transition from the space of linear systems to the space of the original nonlinear system. A wider application of the geometric control theory is hindered by cumbersome analytical transformations connected with the calculation of the derivatives and the Lie brackets, the definition of the involutivity of distributions, and so on, and also the problem of determining the transformation functions connecting the variables of linear models in the form of Brunovsky and initial non-linear models of control objects. The authors developed specialized software that automates the main analytical transformations of GCT. The search for the transformation functions connecting the variables of the linear and nonlinear models is carried out using a new constructive method for solving the system of partial differential equations.
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Lopes, Wagner Sanches. "A importância da utilização de múltiplas representações no desenvolvimento do conceito de função: uma proposta de ensino." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2003. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11233.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 wagner.pdf: 444855 bytes, checksum: 21dc95d79ab210d289b2fc689d92a9eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-10-03
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This research proposes an evaluation of a didactic sequence introducing the concept of function, in particular the linear functions It is based on the elements proposed by R.Duval and B.J. Caraça. It specifically intends to evaluate the didactic phenomena which happens during the process of problem solving that involves the conversion of the graphic register of a linear functions into the algebraic and vice-versa. This research was developed in an 8th grade class of an elementary public school on the east side of São Paulo. It demonstrates the importance of making use of multiple representations in the process of developing the conceptualization of function, in order to facilitate the coordination of the various pertinent visuals, in the graphic register, and the correspondent category values in the algebraic register
Esta pesquisa constituiu-se em uma proposta de avaliação de uma seqüência didática visando a introdução ao conceito de função em particular da função afim. Fundamenta-se em elementos teóricos propostos R. Duval e B.J. Caraça. De modo mais específico pretende-se avaliar os fenômenos didáticos ocorridos na resolução de problemas envolvendo a conversão do registro gráfico de uma função afim para o algébrico e vice-versa. A proposta foi desenvolvida em uma classe de 8a série do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública na zona leste da cidade de São Paulo. Esta pesquisa revelou a importância da utilização de múltiplas representações no processo de conceitualização de função; favorecendo a coordenação entre as variáveis visuais pertinentes, no registro gráfico, e os correspondentes valores categoriais no registro algébrico
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Yassin, Ali M. "Functional conjugated systems for energy conversion and storage." Angers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ANGE0080.

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Ce travail intitulé « Systèmes Conjugués Fonctionnelle pour la Conversion et le Stockage de l'Energie » porte sur la conception et la synthèse de nouvelles classes de systems π-conjugués fonctionnels pour la conversion photovoltaïque et le développement de nouveaux matériaux microporeux. Après une présentation générales de la structure et des propriétés électroniques des principales classes de systèmes conjugués et plus particulièrement des molécules conjuguées utilisées comme matériaux donneur dans les cellules solaires organiques (CSO), le second chapitre décrit la synthèse et l'étude d'une série de donneurs moléculaires obtenus par greffage de groupes dicyanovinle sur trois types de blocs conjugués rigides : carbazole cyclopentadithiophène et dithiénopyrrole (DTP). L'évaluation de ce systèmes dans des CSOs de type hétérojonction donneur-accepteur bicouche montre que le DTP conduit aux meilleurs résultats. Une étude de l'évolution des propriétés électroniques d'une série d'oligo-DTPs avec la longueur de la chaîne confirme par ailleurs l'intérêt de ce bloc donneur pour la conception de systèmes conjugués à faible bande interdite. Le chapitre suivant traite de la synthèse d'une série de molécules conjuguées de type donneur-accepteur-donneur (D-A-D) construites autour d'un cœur isoindigo ou alcoxy-cyanobithiophène et décrit une première anlyse de leurs potentialités comme matériaux donneurs dans les CSOs. Le quatrième chapitre porte sur la synhtèse d'une séries de molécules 3D issues du greffage de groupes donneurs sur une cœur quaterthiophène de géométrie quasi-tétraédrique engendrée par effet stérique et étudie les relations entre la structure des molécules la mobilité des charges positives dans les matériaux correspondants et les performances dans des CSOs. Enfin le cinquième et dernier chapitre décrit les premières étapes vers la conception et l'utilisation de molécules conjuguées 3D en vue de développer de nouvelles classes de matériaux électroactifs microporeux par polymérisation de systèmes moléculaires 3D munis de groupes terminaux réactifs
This work entitled « Functional Conjugated Systems for Energy Conversion and Storage » involves the design and synthesis of new classes of functional π-conjugated systems for photovoltaic conversion and the development of new microporous materials. After a general introduction to the structure and electronic properties of the major classes of conjugated systems and more particularly conjugated molecules used as donor material in organic solar cells (OSC), the second chapter describes the synthesis and study of a series of molecular donors obtained by grafting dicyanovinylene on three types of conjugated rigid blocks : carbazole, cyclopentadithiophene and dithienopyrrole (DTP). The evaluation of these systems in donor-acceptor bilayer heterojunction OSCs shows that the DTP leads to best results. A study of the evolution of the electronic properties, of a series of oligo-DTPs, with the chain length further confirms the interest of the donor block for low band gap conjugated systems. The next chapter deals with the synthesis of a series of conjugated molecules of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type, built around a core of isoindigo, and describes a first evaluation of their potential as donor materials in OSCs. The fourth chapter deals with the synthesis of a series of 3D molecules derived from the grafting of donor groupas on a quaterthiophene core with a quasi-tetrehedral geometry caused by steric effect, and examine the relationship between the structure of the molecules, the mobility of positive charges in these materials and their performance in OSCs. Finally the fift and last chapter describes the first steps towards the design and use of 3D conjugated molecules in order to develop new classes of electro-active materials by polymerization of microporous 3D molecular systems provided with reactive end groups
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Lutz, Jens. "Impact of the Hydrophobic Core on PrP Function and Conversion." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-61240.

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Amiri, Javad Mohammadian, and Venkata Vinod Kumar Padmanabhuni. "A Comprehensive Evaluation of Conversion Approaches for Different Function Points." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3691.

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Context: Software cost and effort estimation are important activities for planning and estimation of software projects. One major player for cost and effort estimation is functional size of software which can be measured in variety of methods. Having several methods for measuring one entity, converting outputs of these methods becomes important. Objectives: In this study we investigate different techniques that have been proposed for conversion between different Functional Size Measurement (FSM) techniques. We addressed conceptual similarities and differences between methods, empirical approaches proposed for conversion, evaluation of the proposed approaches and improvement opportunities that are available for current approaches. Finally, we proposed a new conversion model based on accumulated data. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review for investigating the similarities and differences between FSM methods and proposed approaches for conversion. We also identified some improvement opportunities for the current conversion approaches. Sources for articles were IEEE Xplore, Engineering Village, Science Direct, ISI, and Scopus. We also performed snowball sampling to decrease chance of missing any relevant papers. We also evaluated the existing models for conversion after merging the data from publicly available datasets. By bringing suggestions for improvement, we developed a new model and then validated it. Results: Conceptual similarities and differences between methods are presented along with all methods and models that exist for conversion between different FSM methods. We also came with three major contributions for existing empirical methods; for one existing method (piecewise linear regression) we used a systematic and rigorous way of finding discontinuity point. We also evaluated several existing models to test their reliability based on a merged dataset, and finally we accumulated all data from literature in order to find the nature of relation between IFPUG and COSMIC using LOESS regression technique. Conclusions: We concluded that many concepts used by different FSM methods are common which enable conversion. In addition statistical results show that the proposed approach to enhance piecewise linear regression model slightly increases model’s test results. Even this small improvement can affect projects’ cost largely. Results of evaluation of models show that it is not possible to say which method can predict unseen data better than others and it depends on the concerns of practitioner that which model should be used. And finally accumulated data confirms that empirical relation between IFPUG and COSMIC is not linear and can be presented by two separate lines better than other models. Also we noted that unlike COSMIC manual’s claim that discontinuity point should be around 200 FP, in merged dataset discontinuity point is around 300 to 400. Finally we proposed a new conversion approach using systematic approach and piecewise linear regression. By testing on new data, this model shows improvement in MMRE and Pred(25).
Javad Amiri: Nabshe Kooche 3, Bolvare shadi, Farhangian 2, Qom, Iran, phone: +989127476593 Vinod Kumar: s/o P.V.Kondala Rao, Main Road Khaji Street Rajahmundry. A.P. India pin: 533101 phone: +917396449336
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Huang, Mei-Chu S. "Utterance particles in Taiwanese conversation and their pragmatic functions." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1242144.

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The discourse functions of three Taiwanese particles la, hon and ne are analyzed. These utterance particles occur primarily found in the spoken language, usually conversation. The corpus of the study comprises transcription of recorded face-to-face, telephone, and radio talk show conversation, casual interviews, and church sermons. All three Taiwanese particles express a form of emphasis but in different ways. La has five interrelated functions, depending on the context: 1. To express in an assertion and in an answer to a question; 2. To express a sense of guessing or questioning; 3. To express one's impatience, dislike, or annoyance; 4. To indicate a sense of coaxing; 5. To emphasize each item in an incomplete list. Hon expresses the lowest degree of speaker emphasis of the three particles. It is used to elicit a minimal or a positive response from the addressee. Finally, ne expresses the strongest degree of emphasis of the three. It is usually used to draw the addressee's attention to information that the speaker assumes is new to the hearer.
Department of English
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Gulick, Eleanor. "Developing discourse structure analysis for use on conversations that include people with aphasia." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1594159643173734.

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Книги з теми "Conversion functions"

1

Swanson, D. G. Theory of mode conversion and tunneling in inhomogeneous plasmas. New York: Wiley, 1998.

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2

Standardization, International Organization for. Photography--electronic still-picture cameras--methods for measuring opto-electronic conversion functions (0ECFs) =: Photographie--appareils de prises de vue électroniques--méthodes de mesure des fonctions de conversion opto-électroniques. 2nd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: ISO, 2009.

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3

Maria, Popova, ed. 700 classroom activities: Conversation, functions, grammar, vocabulary. Oxford: Macmillan, 2005.

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Maria, Popova, ed. 700 classroom activities: Conversation functions grammar vocabulary. Oxford: Macmillan, 2003.

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5

Wang, Qing. Functional polymer nanocomposites for energy storage and conversion. Washington, D.C: American Chemical Society, 2010.

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Wang, Qing, and Lei Zhu. Functional polymer nanocomposites for energy storage and conversion. Edited by Wang Qing, Zhu Lei, and American Chemical Society. Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering. Washington, D.C: American Chemical Society, 2010.

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Wang, Qing, and Lei Zhu, eds. Functional Polymer Nanocomposites for Energy Storage and Conversion. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2010-1034.

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Kattán-Ibarra, Juan. Basic Spanish conversation: A functional approach. Lincolnwood: National Textbook, 1986.

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Basic Spanish conversation: A functional approach. Lincolnwood, Ill., USA: National Textbook Co., 1985.

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10

K, Kokula Krishna Hari, ed. A Multi-Function Conversion Technique for Electric Vehicle Charging Station. Chennai, India: Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties, 2016.

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Частини книг з теми "Conversion functions"

1

Artymiak, Jacek. "Conversion Functions." In Beginning OpenOffice Calc, 81–86. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3160-8_10.

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2

Sutherland, Stuart. "Sign conversion system functions." In Verilog — 2001, 48–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1713-9_23.

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Buxbaum, Arne, Klaus Schierau, Alan Straughen, and R. Bonert. "Conversion of System Diagrams and Transfer Functions." In Design of Control Systems for DC Drives, 58–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84006-7_10.

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De Castro, Cristina. "Temporal conversion functions for multitemporal relational databases." In SOFSEM'96: Theory and Practice of Informatics, 343–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0037416.

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Erro, Daniel, Agustín Alonso, Luis Serrano, Eva Navas, and Inma Hernáez. "Towards Physically Interpretable Parametric Voice Conversion Functions." In Advances in Nonlinear Speech Processing, 75–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38847-7_10.

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Mitschka, P. "Conversion of Brookfield L.V.T. readings into viscosity functions." In Progress and Trends in Rheology II, 175–76. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49337-9_53.

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Tomo, Tatsuya, and Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev. "Chlorophyll Species and Their Functions in the Photosynthetic Energy Conversion." In Photosynthesis: Molecular Approaches to Solar Energy Conversion, 133–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67407-6_5.

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Bange, Peter. "Modelling N O Conversion by Using Probability Density Functions." In Transport and Diffusion in Turbulent Fields, 303–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2749-3_17.

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Smith, Clara, and Carlos A. Tau. "A formal lazy replication regime for spreading conversion functions over objectbases." In SOFSEM '95: Theory and Practice of Informatics, 455–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60609-2_33.

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Lawlor, William. "Conversions." In Common SAP R/3 Functions Manual, 47–92. London: Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-370-1_2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Conversion functions"

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Zhang, Meng, Jurgen Michel, Guifang Li, and Lin Zhang. "Highly efficient grating couplers with mode conversion functions." In Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XXII, edited by Sonia M. García-Blanco and Pavel Cheben. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2291342.

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Cool, D. L., and A. D. Keromytis. "Conversion and proxy functions for symmetric key ciphers." In International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'05) - Volume II. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itcc.2005.115.

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Yang, M., L. Wang, and A. E. A. Almaini. "Fast Conversion for Large Canonical OR-Coincidence Functions." In APCCAS 2006 - 2006 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2006.342080.

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Xu Penggen. "A systematic treatment of conversion of vector wave functions." In 1992 Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/antem.1992.7854282.

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Xiao-ying Zhang, Ling-li Wang, and Xue-gong Zhou. "Efficient RM conversion algorithm for large multiple output functions." In 2008 9th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated-Circuit Technology (ICSICT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsict.2008.4735030.

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Kushch, S., and J. M. Corchado. "Formation of optimal Boolean functions for analog-digital conversion." In 2017 25th Telecommunication Forum (TELFOR). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/telfor.2017.8249355.

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Budunova, Kristina A., and Viktor F. Kravchenko. "Atomic Functions ha(x) in Digital to Analog Conversion." In 2020 IEEE Ukrainian Microwave Week (UkrMW). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ukrmw49653.2020.9252591.

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Yuan, Huiai, Lihong Zhao, and Xiaona Zhong. "FDI Inflows, Foreign Trade and Conversion of Government Functions." In 2018 International Conference on Management and Education, Humanities and Social Sciences (MEHSS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mehss-18.2018.34.

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Hu, Xiao, Kai Goebel, and Neil Eklund. "Evolutionary Tuning of Non-parametric Information Conversion Functions for Diagnostics." In Multiconference on "Computational Engineering in Systems Applications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cesa.2006.4281699.

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Grassia, Luigi, Alberto D'Amore, and Pasquale Verde. "On The Inter-Conversion Between Viscoelastic Material Functions of Polycarbonate." In 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4745714.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Conversion functions"

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Cai, Yongxia, Christopher M. Wade, Justin S. Baker, Jason P. H. Jones, Gregory S. Latta, Sara B. Ohrel, Shaun A. Ragnauth, and Jared R. Creason. Implications of alternative land conversion cost specifications on projected afforestation potential in the United States. RTI Press, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0057.1811.

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The Forestry and Agriculture Sector Optimization Model with Greenhouse Gases (FASOMGHG) has historically relied on regional average costs of land conversion to simulate land use change across cropland, pasture, rangeland, and forestry. This assumption limits the accuracy of the land conversion estimates by not recognizing spatial heterogeneity in land quality and conversion costs. Using data from Nielsen et al. (2014), we obtained the afforestation cost per county, then estimated nonparametric regional marginal cost functions for land converting land to forestry. These afforestation costs were then incorporated into FASOMGHG. Three different assumptions for land moving into the forest sector were run; constant average conversion cost, static rising marginal costs and dynamic rising marginal cost, in order to assess the implications of alternative land conversion cost assumptions on key outcomes, such as projected forest area and cropland use, carbon sequestration, and forest product output.
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Gafni, Yedidya, and Vitaly Citovsky. Inactivation of SGS3 as Molecular Basis for RNA Silencing Suppression by TYLCV V2. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593402.bard.

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The Israeli isolate of Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus(TYLCV-Is) is a major tomato pathogen, causing extensive crop losses in Israel and in the south-eastern U.S. Yet, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of its interaction with tomato cells. One of the most interesting aspects of such interaction is how the invading virus counteracts the RNA silencing response of the plant. In the former BARD project, we have shown that TYLCV-Is V2 protein is an RNA silencing suppressor, and that this suppression is carried out via the interaction of V2 with the SGS3 component of the plant RNA silencing machinery. This reported project was meant to use our data as a foundation to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which V2 affects the SGS3 activity. While this research is likely to have an important impact on our understanding of basic biology of virus-plant interactions and suppression of plant immunity, it also will have practical implications, helping to conceive novel strategies for crop resistance to TYLCV-Is. Our preliminary data in regard to V2 activities and our present knowledge of the SGS3 function suggest likely mechanisms for the inhibitory effect of V2 on SGS3. We have shown that V2 possess structural and functional hallmarks of an F-box protein, suggesting that it may target SGS3 for proteasomal degradation. SGS3 contains an RNA-binding domain and likely functions to protect the cleavage produces of the primary transcript for subsequent conversion to double-stranded forms; thus, V2 may simply block the RNA binding activity of SGS3. V2 may also employ a combination of these mechanisms. These and other possibilities were tested in this reported project.
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Williams, Timothy J., Ramesh Balakrishnan, Huihuo Zheng, Christopher Knight, Marco Govoni, Giulia Galli, and Francois Gygi. First-Principles Simulations of Functional Materials for Energy Conversion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1490828.

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Johnson, J. Karl, and Jingyun Ye. Design of Stratified Functional Nanoporous Materials for CO2 Capture and Conversion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1396051.

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Nelson, Nathan, and Charles F. Yocum. Structure, Function and Utilization of Plant Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699846.bard.

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Light capturing and energy conversion by PSI is one of the most fundamental processes in nature. In the heart of these adaptations stand PSI, PSII and their light harvesting antenna complexes. The main goal of this grant proposal was to obtain by X-ray crystallography information on the structure of plant photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) supercomplexes. We achieved several milestones along this line but as yet, like several strong laboratories around the world, we have no crystal structure of plant PSII. We have redesigned the purification and crystallization procedures and recently solved the crystal structure of the PSI supercomplex at 3.3 Å resolution. Even though this advance in resolution appears to be relatively small, we obtained a significantly improved model of the supercomplex. The work was published in J. Biol. Chem. (Amunts et al., 2010). The improved electron density map yielded identification and tracing of the PsaK subunit. The location of an additional 10 ß-carotenes, as well as 5 chlorophylls and several loop regions that were previously uninterruptable have been modeled. This represents the most complete plant PSI structure obtained thus far, revealing the locations of and interactions among 17 protein subunits and 193 non-covalently bound photochemical cofactors. We have continued extensive experimental efforts to improve the structure of plant PSI and to obtain PSII preparation amenable to crystallization. Most of our efforts were devoted to obtain well-defined subcomplexes of plant PSII preparations that are amenable to crystallization. We studied the apparent paradox of the high sensitivity of oxygen evolution of isolated thylakoids while BBY particles exhibit remarkable resilience to the same treatment. The integrity of the photosystem II (PSII) extrinsic protein complement as well as calcium effects arise from the Ca2+ atom associated with the site of photosynthetic water oxidation were investigated. This work provides deeper insights into the interaction of PsbO with PSII. Sight-directed mutagenesis indicated the location of critical sites involved in the stability of the water oxidation reaction. When combined with previous results, the data lead to a more detailed model for PsbO binding in eukaryotic PSII.
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Meidan, Rina, and Robert Milvae. Regulation of Bovine Corpus Luteum Function. United States Department of Agriculture, March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604935.bard.

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The main goal of this research plan was to elucidate regulatory mechanisms controlling the development, function of the bovine corpus luteum (CL). The CL contains two different sterodigenic cell types and therefore it was necessary to obtain pure cell population. A system was developed in which granulosa and theca interna cells, isolated from a preovulatory follicle, acquired characteristics typical of large (LL) and small (SL) luteal cells, respectively, as judged by several biochemical and morphological criteria. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of granulosa cells removal on subsequent CL function, the results obtained support the concept that granulosa cells make a substaintial contribution to the output of progesterone by the cyclic CL but may have a limited role in determining the functional lifespan of the CL. This experimental model was also used to better understand the contribution of follicular granulosa cells to subsequent luteal SCC mRNA expression. The mitochondrial cytochrome side-chain cleavage enzyme (SCC), which converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the steroidogenic pathway. Experiments were conducted to characterize the gene expression of P450scc in bovine CL. Levels of P450scc mRNA were higher during mid-luteal phase than in either the early or late luteal phases. PGF 2a injection decreased luteal P450scc mRNA in a time-dependent manner; levels were significantly reduced by 2h after treatment. CLs obtained from heifers on day 8 of the estrous cycle which had granulosa cells removed had a 45% reduction in the levels of mRNA for SCC enzymes as well as a 78% reduction in the numbers of LL cells. To characterize SCC expression in each steroidogenic cell type we utilized pure cell populations. Upon luteinization, LL expressed 2-3 fold higher amounts of both SCC enzymes mRNAs than SL. Moreover, eight days after stimulant removal, LL retained their P4 production capacity, expressed P450scc mRNA and contained this protein. In our attempts to establish the in vitro luteinization model, we had to select the prevulatory and pre-gonadotropin surge follicles. The ratio of estradiol:P4 which is often used was unreliable since P4 levels are high in atretic follicles and also in preovulatory post-gonadotropin follicles. We have therefore examined whether oxytocin (OT) levels in follicular fluids could enhance our ability to correctly and easily define follicular status. Based on E2 and OT concentrations in follicular fluids we could more accurately identify follicles that are preovulatory and post gonadotropin surge. Next we studied OT biosynthesis in granulosa cells, cells which were incubated with forskolin contained stores of the precursor indicating that forskolin (which mimics gonadotropin action) is an effective stimulator of OT biosynthesis and release. While studying in vitro luteinization, we noticed that IGF-I induced effects were not identical to those induced by insulin despite the fact that megadoses of insulin were used. This was the first indication that the cells may secrete IGF binding protein(s) which regonize IGFs and not insulin. In a detailed study involving several techniques, we characterized the species of IGF binding proteins secreted by luteal cells. The effects of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid on the production of P4 and prostanoids by dispersed bovine luteal cells was examined. The addition of eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in basal and LH-stimulated biosynthesis of P4 and PGI2 and an increase in production of PGF 2a and 5-HETE production. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism via the production of 5-HETE was unaffected. Results of these experiments suggest that the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on the biosynthesis of luteal P4 is due to either a direct action of arachidonic acid, or its conversion to 5-HETE via the lipoxgenase pathway of metabolism. The detailed and important information gained by the two labs elucidated the mode of action of factors crucially important to the function of the bovine CL. The data indicate that follicular granulosa cells make a major contribution to numbers of large luteal cells, OT and basal P4 production, as well as the content of cytochrome P450 scc. Granulosa-derived large luteal cells have distinct features: when luteinized, the cell no longer possesses LH receptors, its cAMP response is diminished yet P4 synthesis is sustained. This may imply that maintenance of P4 (even in the absence of a Luteotropic signal) during critical periods such as pregnancy recognition, is dependent on the proper luteinization and function of the large luteal cell.
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Fields, Michael J., Mordechai Shemesh, and Anna-Riitta Fuchs. Significance of Oxytocin and Oxytocin Receptors in Bovine Pregnancy. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568790.bard.

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Oxytocin has multiple actions in bovine reproductive tract and it was our purpose to determine the nature of these actions and their significance for the physiology of bovine reproduction. The bovine oxytocin receptors (OTR) gene was cloned and its expression studied during the cycle and pregnancy. OTR mRNA changed in parallel with OTR with control occurring mainly at the transcriptional level. However, the endocrine regulation of OTR were found in endometrium and cervical mucosa at estrus and at parturition. In both tissues OTR were suppressed in the luteal phase and early pregnancy. Whereas cervical OTR remained suppressed throughout pregnancy, endometrial OTR began to increase soon after implantation and reached higher concentrations in midpregnancy than at estrus. OTR in caruncles did not increase until third trimester, and OTR in cervical mucosa, cotyledons and fetal membranes increased only at term. Myometrial OTR showed less variation and OTR were present throughout the cycle and pregnancy but increased significantly during mid- and late pregnancy. OTR were localized in endometrial epithelial cells and lumina epithelial cells of cervical mucosa as determined by immunohistochemistry. Endometrial OTR were functional throughout pregnancy and mediated PGF release from day 50 onwards in a receptor density related manner. OTR in cervical mucosa mediated PGE release both in vivo and in vitro, as shown in cyclic cows. The ontogeny of uterine OTR was studied from third trimester fetal stage until puberty. OTR were present in endometrium and cervical mucosa in high concentrations throughout this period; myometrial OTR began to increase somewhat later but also reached adult values by 6-mo of age. In the prepuberal heifers OT injections failed to initiate PGF2a, release. The influence of steroids on the effect of OT was examined. Ovariectomy and E2 were without effect, but P4 with or without E2 induced a massive PGF2a release in response to OT in spite of reduced OTR. Bovine cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) were cloned and their expression studied in the endometrium of prepuberal heifers and pregnant cows. Untreated and E2 treated prepuberal heifers did not express COX-2 but P4 treated heifers did express the mRNA for COX-2, albeit weakly. During the second half of pregnancy COX-2 mRNA was strongly expressed in cotyledons and somewhat less in caruncles, whereas endometrium, myometrium and cervical mucosa showed only weak, if any, COX-2 mRNA under basal conditions. However, 2 h after OT injection significant increases in COX-2 mRNA were found in endometrial RNA. Thus OT is capable of inducing the expression of the inducible COX-2 gene, and hence the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids. The results indicate that the functions of OT are numerous and probably essential for successful pregnancy and parturition.
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KHUDALOVA, M., V. FILONENKO, and E. KUDZOEVA. PSYCHOSOMATICS IN CONNECTION WITH THE AFFECTIVE DISORDERS OF PERSONALITY. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-4-2-365-374.

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In recent years, we can notice a significant increase in psychosomatic disorders among borderline mental pathology, which are reasonably considered “the pathology of modern civilization”. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between psychosomatic disorders and the affective disorders of the personality. The study used the following methods: a diagnostic conversation and analysis of medical documents with the results of clinical examination, a scale for psychological express diagnostics of semi-structured depressive disorders (based on MMPI), a self-assessment scale by Ch.D. Spielberger - Yu.L. Hanin, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). Statistical methods of processing the empirical research results in the SPSS 22.0 program: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis (p-Spearman’s rank correlation). As a result of the study we can assert that psychosomatic disorders in respondents in the form of functional pathology of various organs and systems are connected with affective disorders in the form of moderate or severe depression of a neurotic level of various origins, alexithymia and high personal anxiety.
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MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.

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As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.
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Do autistic girls talk differently about social groups? ACAMH, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.17470.

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