Готові списки джерел за темами / Controllo metabolico

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Controllo metabolico"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Controllo metabolico"

Lettieri, M. "Smartphones and apps in personal care with diabetes: a narrative review of the literature." Journal of AMD 24, no. 4 (February 2022): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.36171/jamd21.24.4.6.

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OBIETTIVO DELLO STUDIO L’educazione e l’auto-monitoraggio della persona con diabete aiutano a ottimizzare il controllo metabolico, riducendo morbilità e mortalità. In questo scenario gli smartphone rappresentano uno strumento potente e alla portata di tutti e numerose piattaforme destinate a persone con diabete sono sta-te elaborate allo scopo di fornire loro una salute “su misura”. Lo scopo della presente revisione è valutare l’impatto dell’utilizzo degli smartphone come strumento di educazione sanitaria e la loro efficacia nella gestione della glicemia negli adulti con diabete di tipo 1 e 2. DISEGNO E METODI È stata effettuata una ricerca bibliografica utilizzando quali motori di ricerca CINAHL e PUBMED. Sono stati selezionati 17 studi randomizzati controllati per un totale di 4.125 partecipanti. Per ogni studio la di mensione del campione era compresa tra 30 e 574 partecipanti e tutti i soggetti avevano un’età ≥ 18. RISULTATI I risultati mostrano la riduzione dei livelli di HbA1c nei soggetti che si avvalgono della tecnologia per la cura del diabete. Dei 17 studi analizzati, 14 suggeriscono l’efficacia del supporto della tecnologia per migliorare la gestione della glicemia nei pazienti con diabete mellito di tipo 1 e 2. I restanti 3 studi mostrano risultati contrastanti, ove non si è riscontrata una differenza significativa della concentrazione di HbA1c. CONCLUSIONI L’utilizzo delle nuove tecnologie per la cura del diabete si è dimostrato uno strumento efficace nella cura delle persone con diabete, determinando una riduzione dei livelli di HbA1c. Il loro impiego nella pratica clinica può semplificare la gestione del diabete e migliorare l’educazione del paziente alla terapia e alla cura e alla prevenzione delle complicanze correlate al diabete. PAROLE CHIAVE diabete mellito; smartphone; app; tecnologie.

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Yamashita, Alex Shimura, Fábio Santos Lira, Waldecir Paula Lima, Luiz Carlos Carnevali Jr., Daniela Caetano Gonçalves, Fábio Luis Tavares, and Marília Cerqueira Leite Seelaender. "Influência do treinamento físico aeróbio no transporte mitocondrial de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa no músculo esquelético: papel do complexo carnitina palmitoil transferase." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 14, no. 2 (April 2008): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-86922008000200013.

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O ácido graxo (AG) é uma importante fonte de energia para o músculo esquelético. Durante o exercício sua mobilização é aumentada para suprir as necessidades da musculatura ativa. Acredita-se que diversos pontos de regulação atuem no controle da oxidação dos AG, sendo o principal a atividade do complexo carnitina palmitoil transferase (CPT), entre os quais três componentes estão envolvidos: a CPT I, a CPT II e carnitina acilcarnitina translocase. A função da CPT I durante o exercício físico é controlar a entrada de AG para o interior da mitocôndria, para posterior oxidação do AG e produção de energia. Em resposta ao treinamento físico há um aumento na atividade e expressão da CPT I no músculo esquelético. Devido sua grande importância no metabolismo de lipídios, os mecanismos que controlam sua atividade e sua expressão gênica são revisados no presente estudo. Reguladores da expressão gênica de proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo de lipídios no músculo esquelético, os receptores ativados por proliferadores de peroxissomas (PPAR) alfa e beta, são discutidos com um enfoque na resposta ao treinamento físico.

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Simabuco, Fernando Moreira, and Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan. "Crescer ou não crescer?" Genética na Escola 16, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55838/1980-3540.ge.2021.370.

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O metabolismo celular é controlado por uma série de genes. Tais genes são importantes por coordenar processos de acúmulo de nutrientes e gasto energético. A proteína mTOR em mamíferos é codificada por um dos genes importantes para o controle fino do equilíbrio energético da célula, reconhecendo a oferta de nutrientes e sinalizando para o armazenamento ou gasto de energia. O gene TOR é um gene muito conservado evolutivamente. Em leveduras, esse gene controla o crescimento das células. Em abelhas, a proteína amTOR está relacionada ao maior tamanho da rainha. Em plantas, o mesmo gene controla o crescimento em resposta a hormônios vegetais e em relação à luz. Em mamíferos, hormônios como a insulina regulam a via da mTOR e desequilíbrios nessa via estão associados a doenças e disfunções, como câncer, diabetes e obesidade. As informações contidas neste trabalho mostram como esse gene é capaz de controlar processos metabólicos celulares e como sua origem foi importante para a evolução da vida na Terra desde os primeiros organismos.

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Basolo, Alessio, Paola Fierabracci, and Ferruccio Santini. "Misurazione della spesa energetica mediante la camera metabolica nello studio dei fenotipi dell’obesità." L'Endocrinologo 23, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40619-021-01007-y.

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SommarioLa capacità di modulare l’introito calorico in risposta ai cambiamenti della richiesta energetica è essenziale per la sopravvivenza dell’individuo. L’apparente spontaneità con cui decidiamo di alimentarci dipende da una complessa interazione tra percezioni visive olfattive e cognitive e il sistema nervoso centrale che integra a livello ipotalamico i segnali periferici relativi allo stato nutrizionale. La conservazione dell’equilibrio energetico può essere considerata un processo dinamico e, sotto controllo fisiologico ideale, le variazioni di un componente (spesa energetica) provocano cambiamenti compensatori biologici e/o comportamentali nell’altra parte del sistema (introito calorico) e viceversa. Nella vita di tutti i giorni un abbinamento così perfetto tra apporto energetico e dispendio energetico è difficilmente raggiungibile e il tessuto adiposo funge da deposito dinamico, proteggendo dalle inevitabili deviazioni dell’equazione di equilibrio. Recenti studi hanno dimostrato che la risposta adattativa della spesa energetica a differenti interventi dietetici (alimentazione eccessiva o restrizione calorica) identifica la presenza di due differenti fenotipi metabolici (“dissipatore” e “risparmiatore”). In questa rassegna verranno discussi i principi fondamentali dell’equazione del bilancio energetico e il loro metodo di misurazione mediante camera metabolica. Verranno inoltre descritti i due diversi fenotipi metabolici che possono indicare la propensione di un individuo a essere più o meno incline allo sviluppo dell’obesità.

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De Pascale, F., R. Muscariello, G. Zampa, G. De Filippo, D. Rendina, and P. Strazzullo. "Caratteristiche cliniche dei pazienti con sindrome metabolica e nefrolitiasi recidivante da ossalato di calcio." Giornale di Clinica Nefrologica e Dialisi 24, no. 4 (January 26, 2018): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/gcnd.2012.1168.

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La sindrome metabolica è un fattore di rischio per nefrolitiasi. Questo studio è stato effettuato per valutare il profilo clinico e biochimico di pazienti con nefrolitiasi recidivante da ossalato di calcio e sindrome metabolica. Sono stati arruolati un totale di 526 calcolotici, 184 dei quali con sindrome metabolica, e 214 controlli. I calcolotici con sindrome metabolica hanno mostrato un'escrezione di sodio superiore [media (95% intervallo di confidenza), 196 (176-218) vs 160 (150-168) mmol/24h; p

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Simone, I. L., C. Tortorella, F. Federico, V. Lucivero, D. Carrara, P. Giannini, A. Bellacosa, and C. F. Andreula. "Contributo della risonanza magnetica spettroscopica del protone (1H-RMS) nella infezione da HIV." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 13, no. 1 (February 2000): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090001300109.

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È stato condotto uno studio combinato di RMI e 1H-RMS (Magnetom Siemens 1,5 Tesla) in 60 pazienti sieropositivi per HIV (n. 25 encefalopatie-HIV correlate, n. 20 toxoplasmosi, n. 8 PML, n. 7 linfomi) e 22 controlli neurologici sieronegativi per HIV. Gli spettri sono stati acquisiti su volumi singoli localizzati su lesioni focali in toxoplasmosi, PML, linfomi o su lesioni diffuse nelle encefalopatie da HIV (sequenza Spin Echo, TE 135 ms). In tutti i sottogruppi HIV si è evidenziato un significativo decremento del rapporto NAA/Cr rispetto ai controlli neurologici, suggerendo un danno neuronale e/o assonale indipendentemente dall'eziologia. Tuttavia il rapporto NAA/Cr era più basso nelle PML e nei linfomi. Un significativo incremento del rapporto Cho/Cr era rilevato nelle encefalopatie da HIV, nelle PML e in particolare nei linfomi ove tale incremento era associato alla presenza del segnale dei lipidi, marker entrambi di un aumentato turnover e sintesi di membrane cellulari. Nelle PML si rilevava infine con elevata frequenza il segnale del lattato. I dati confermano una elevata sensibilità della 1H-RMS nel rilevare una compromissione metabolica cerebrale in corso di infezione da HIV. Nonostante una globale scarsa specificità nel discriminare lesioni di differente eziologia, determinati pattern metabolici possono risultare di supporto alla RMI per la diagnosi eziologica di alcune lesioni, per esempio di PML.

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Kiortsis, Dimitrios. "A review of the metabolic effects of controlled-release Phentermine/Topiramate." HORMONES 12, no. 4 (October 15, 2013): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1438.

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Marangella, M. "Come ridurre il rischio cardiovascolare attraverso il controllo del metabolismo calcio fosforo nell'uremico in dialisi, nel Terzo Millennio?" Giornale di Clinica Nefrologica e Dialisi 19, no. 3-4 (July 1, 2007): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/gcnd.2007.1521.

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Marangella, M. "Come ridurre il rischio cardiovascolare attraverso il controllo del metabolismo calcio fosforo nell'uremico in dialisi, nel Terzo Millennio?" Giornale di Tecniche Nefrologiche e Dialitiche 19, no. 3-4 (July 2007): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039493620701903-409.

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Valensi, P. "Pourquoi faut-il controler la glycémie post-prandiale ?" Annales d'Endocrinologie 67, no. 6 (December 2006): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4266(06)78354-8.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Controllo metabolico"

Rodriguez, Rodriguez Mauricio. "Pyrimidine nucleotide de novo biosynthesis as a model of metabolic control." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4425.

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This manuscript presents a thorough investigation and description of metabolic control dynamics in vivo and in silico using as a model de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Metabolic networks have been studied intensely for decades, helping develop a detailed understanding of the way cells carry out their biosynthetic and catabolic functions. Biochemical reactions have been defined, pathway structures have been proposed, networks of genetic control have been examined, and mechanisms of enzymatic activity and regulation have been elucidated. In parallel with these types of traditional biochemical analysis, there has been increasing interest in engineering cellular metabolism for commercial and medical applications. Several different mathematical approaches have been developed to model biochemical pathways by combining stoichiometric and/or kinetic information with probabilistic analysis, or deciphering the comparative logic of metabolic networks using genomic-derived data. However, most of the research performed to date has relied on theoretical analyses and non-dynamic physiological states. The studies described in this dissertation provide a unique effort toward combining mathematical analysis with dynamic transition experimental data. Most importantly these studies emphasize the significance of providing a quantitative framework for understanding metabolic control. The pathway of de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines in Escherichia coli provides an ideal model for the study of metabolic control, as there is extensive documentation available on each gene and enzyme involved as well as on their corresponding mechanisms of regulation. Biochemical flux through the pathway was analyzed under dynamic conditions using middle-exponential growth and steady state cultures. The fluctuations of the biochemical pathway intermediates and end products transitions were quantified in response to physiological perturbation. Different growth rates allowed the comparison of rapid versus long-term equilibrium shifts in metabolic adaptation. Finally, monitoring enzymatic activity levels during metabolic transitions provided insight into the interaction of genetic and biochemical mechanisms of regulation. Thus, it was possible to construct a robust mathematical model that faithfully represented, with a remarkable predictability, the nature of the metabolic response to specific environmental perturbations. These studies constitute a significant contribution to the fields of quantitative biochemistry and metabolic control, which can be extended to other cellular processes as well as different organisms.

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Murphy, Michelle. "A study of the contribution of minor GABA metabolites to the control of feeding in the rat." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322640.

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This project aimed to investigate the role of the γ-lactone of 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid (3,4DB) which was claimed by Japanese investigators to be one of several endogenous γ-lactones involved in the control of food intake. Tissue, plasma and urine organic acid profiles were screened for the γ-lactone of 3,4DB using both GC and GCMS. Careful mass spectral analysis and in vitro acid-γ-lactone exchange analyses with structural validation studies showed that the γ-lactone of 3,4DB did not occur in vivo but that the free acid of 3,4DB did. This rejects previous claims to the contrary. Fasting increased rat plasma 3,4DB with urinary output significantly elevated for the first 24h of fasting. A metabolic route from glutamate to acetate is proposed with 3,4DB as an intermediate. Peripheral administration of glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 4-hydroxybutyric acid (4HB) to rats reduced food intake with increasing effects at each stage of the pathway. The γ-lactone 2-buten-4-olide is toxic and other γ-lactones had more potent effects than their free acids on rats. The intragastric administration of GABA stimulated 4HB production in vivo and GABA or 4HB increased plasma 3,4DB levels, thus implying that 3,4DB occurs at an intermediate in our proposed pathway. A likely endogenous source of 3,4DB is as a minor GABA metabolite. The response of the free acid of 3,4DB to fasting followed a similar trend as that reported for its γ-lactone and related γ-lactones are unlikely to occur in vivo. Given the similarities of 4HB (a precursor of 3,4DB) and 3,4DB in structure to the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and the similarity of 3,4DB in fasting response to 3HB, both 4HB and 3,4DB may initiate anorexia in fasting.

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Martins, Ricardo Alves. "Termorregulação e depressão metabólica em endotermos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3139/tde-13102009-154825/.

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A depressão metabólica em aves e mamíferos, dada a alta demanda energética destes animais, se apresenta, geralmente, como resposta às condições de escassez de alimentos e baixas temperaturas. Desta forma, este projeto busca explorar, no campo teórico, como o sistema de termorregulação poderia atuar no sentido de maximizar as reservas energéticas minimizando os gastos metabólicos (depressão metabólica). Para tanto, fazemos uso de teorias da engenharia de controle que propiciam ferramental teórico para analisar como se dariam essas minimizações, ou seja, como o sistema nervoso atuaria estabelecendo um controle (set-point hipotalâmico) que minimizasse estes gastos à medida que se desse o processo de termorregulação. Neste contexto, propomos um modelo básico de termorregulação que leva em conta temperatura corpórea, taxa metabólica e temperatura ambiente, no qual o set-point atua como um controle. Mostramos como este modelo de regulação térmica propicia, devido à sua configuração, significativa redução dos distúrbios causados por variações da temperatura ambiente. Através da teoria de controle ótimo, mostramos como o set-point hipotalâmico pode surgir como resultado da minimização de um funcional relacionado ao custo com a termorregulação. Além disso, fez-se uma análise de como a temperatura ambiente pode definir diferentes situações em termos de vantagens da depressão metabólica como mecanismo de minimização de gasto energético. Para este tipo de análise, propomos um índice de razão entre o custo metabólico constante e o obtido sob atuação do controlador durante o período em que se dá o processo. Após um período em depressão metabólica, os indivíduos devem voltar a sua condição de eutermia, e, em situações de baixa temperatura, o custo deste retorno pode suplantar as vantagens para um dado indivíduo. Assim, são analisadas as influencias da massa corpórea, onde se observa aumento do custo em decorrência da entrada em depressão metabólica por parte dos indivíduos de maior massa. Tal aumento de custo é acentuado nas situações de menor temperatura ambiente. Finalmente, uma análise relativa ao tempo para retorno à condição de eutermia é apresentada, sendo que os resultados vão ao encontro das evidencias atuais sobre a flexibilidade estratégica de muitos hibernantes.
Metabolic depression of mammals and birds, animals of high metabolic demands, normally emerges as a response to food shortage and low ambient temperature. The main goal of this research is to explore, in a theoretical perspective, how the thermoregulatory system could extend the energy reserves of these endotherms decreasing metabolic costs under those environmental conditions. To approach the problem, we propose the use of control engineering theories to analyze the way the this minimization could occur, in other words, how the nervous system would act establishing a control (hypothalamic set-point) to minimize those costs during the thermoregulatory process. In this context, we propose a basic thermoregulation model that takes into account body temperature, metabolic rate and environmental temperature, and in which the set-point acts as a control. We show how this model can significantly reduce disturbances generated by ambient temperature. Using optimal control theory, we show how the hypothalamic set-point can emerge as a result of a minimization process of a functional related to thermoregulation costs. Also, how ambient temperature can define different metabolic profiles is explored, in terms of metabolic depression and the necessary return to euthermic conditions. To quantify this analysis we propose an index, based on the ratio between a constant metabolic cost and the metabolic cost defined by the controller. After a period in metabolic depression individuals should return to their euthermic condition, and, in situations of low environmental temperature, it is shown that the cost to return can be larger than the advantages. In this way, analyzing body mass influences we observed increased metabolic depression cost in larger individuals. This cost is even higher under lower environmental temperature. Finally, the cost related to the time elapsed, until the euthermic state is reached again, is considered. These last results are in accordance with current conception about the flexibility in hibernation process.

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Baeza, Fernández Damian Francisco. "Diseño y simulación de un sistema para el control del estado metabolico de células animales en cultivo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111533.

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Magíster en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención Química
Ingeniero Civil Químico
Resultados experimentales señalan que las células animales pueden alcanzar múltiples estados metabólicos con distintas razones de tasa de producción de lactato a tasa de consumo de glucosa (DL=DG), lográndose razones muy por debajo de la razón estequiométrica igual a 2 [mol=mol]. En el presente trabajo de tesis se planteó y ajustó un modelo metabólico que describe el metabolismo de un cultivo de control y se corroboró su falta de capacidad de alcanzar más de un estado estacionario a través de la comparación con datos experimentales y un análisis de estabilidad posterior. La simplificación de dicho modelo inicial, la obtención de un único punto atractor como estado estacionario y el análisis de variaciones de niveles de expresión génica de ciertas enzimas glicolíticas permitió el planteamiento de un modelo de regulación que varía la concentración de la enzima lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH) con el cual se simuló un cultivo hasta alcanzar estado metabólico alterado (DL=DG <0,1 [mol=mol]). El modelo metabólico regulado se utilizó para la simulación de un cultivo continuo alterado para el diseño y ajuste de controladores proporcional (P), basado en modelo lineal y basado en modelo no lineal para la regulación de la concentración de glucosa de entrada frente a perturbaciones en el crecimiento celular. La simulación de la respuesta de lazo cerrado del sistema mostró una fuerte interacción de lazos con el lazo de control de crecimiento celular y los análisis de robustez y de sensibilidad permitieron concluir que el controlador P posee una mayor robustez que el controlador basado en modelo lineal, pero que este último posee una mejor respuesta frente a limitantes que podrían existir a nivel industrial. Por otra parte, el pobre desempeño del controlador basado en modelo no lineal demuestra un desafío de ajuste del mismo producto de las múltiples posibles fuentes del mal desempeño. Como línea de trabajo futuro se puede mejorar la respuesta simulada de los controladores basados en modelo, analizando la eliminación de offset para el caso lineal y los problemas de rendimiento del basado en modelo no lineal.

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Baptista, Antonio Sampaio. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae na redução de aflatoxicoses e o efeito na distribuição e na excreção da radioatividade de AFB13H em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64132/tde-02022006-175649/.

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Para avaliar o efeito de diferentes linhagens de leveduras, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, vivas, na redução de aflatoxicoses e, contribuir para o entendimento do modo de ação destas leveduras sobre aflatoxina B1 marcada com trítio (AFB13H), foram conduzidos três experimentos. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizados ratos Wistar para investigar o efeito de duas linhagens de S. cerevisiae (Y1026 e Y904), e da suplementação com aminoácidos na redução de aflatoxicoses. O bioensaio, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, foi conduzido por 28 dias para avaliar sete tratamentos (dietas), sendo um livre de aflatoxinas e seis contendo 400g kg-1 de aflatoxinas; destes, cinco com leveduras, a saber: Y1026 (níveis de 0,5; 1,0 e 5,0%) e Y904 (níveis de 1% e 1%+1000ppm de metionina + 1000 ppm de cisteína). Não foram observadas diferenças estatistiticamente significativas no consumo de alimentos, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e função hepática entre os animais submetidos aos diferentes tratamentos. No entanto, o exame histopatológico revelou que os animais que receberam aflatoxinas sem leveduras sofreram danos mais severos em relação aos que receberam aflatoxinas juntamente com leveduras, os quais apresentaram poucos danos celulares. Conclui-se que, as duas linhagens de leveduras em todas as situações estudadas apresentaram capacidade de reduzir as aflatoxicoses. O segundo ensaio foi conduzido com o objetivo de investigar o efeito de diferentes doses da levedura Y1026 no controle de aflatoxicoses em ratos. Neste bioensaio, os animais foram distribuídos em gaiolas individuais ao acaso, e foram submetidos a 7 tratamentos (dietas) por 60 dias, sendo uma sem aflatoxinas e seis contaminadas com 550 g kg-1 de aflatoxinas, das quais cinco contendo a levedura Y1026 (doses: 0,2; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 5,0%). Foram realizadas análises sobre o aproveitamento do alimento, funções hepáticas e tecido hepático. O consumo de alimentos pelos animais alimentados com dieta livre de aflatoxinas foi maior do que pelos animais que receberam dietas contaminadas com a toxina, os demais parâmetros para julgamento do aproveitamento dos alimentos não diferiram estatisticamente entre os animais que foram submetidos a ambos os tratamentos. A atividade de enzimas hepáticas foi maior nos animais que não receberam a toxina do que nos demais. O exame histopatológico revelou que os animais que receberam aflatoxinas e aflatoxinas mais 0,2 ou 0,5% da levedura apresentaram sinais claros de hepatotoxidez e que os demais animais que ingeriram os níveis mais altos da levedura sofreram poucos danos celulares. Conclui-se que, a dose de levedura Y1026 aplicada foi determinante na redução das aflatoxicoses em ratos Wistar. No último bioensaio, trinta ratos foram alimentados por 28 dias seguindo-se quatro tratamentos (dietas): uma dieta livre de aflatoxinas e as outras três contaminadas com 500 g kg 1 de aflatoxina, sendo uma o controle com aflatoxinas e as outras duas na presença de 1% de levedura Y1026 ou Y904. No 18º dia, seis animais de cada um dos tratamentos que recebiam aflatoxinas foram transferidos para gaiolas metabólicas, onde permaneceram por cinco dias em adaptação e, no 23º dia, estes receberam, por via oral, uma dose simples de 2Ci/animal de AFB13H. Os animais restantes (três ratos em cada um dos tratamentos) foram utilizados nos exames histopatológicos. A radioatividade foi determinada 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas após a introdução do material radioativo nos animais. Os animais que receberam dietas contendo as leveduras apresentaram a absorção, a distribuição e a excreção da radioatividade mais lenta do que aqueles que não receberam os probióticos. O exame histopatológico revelou que os animais que ingeriram leveduras sofreram poucos danos celulares e que aqueles que não receberam levedura foram muito afetados. As leveduras apresentaram habilidade de reduzir aflatoxicoses e modificaram a absorção, a distribuição e a excreção da radioatividade de AFB13H em ratos Wistar.
The capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from two Strain, to reduce aflatoxicosis and the effect of yeast cells on tritium-labeled B1 aflatoxin (AFB13H) were investigated in three distinct studies. The effects of S. cerevisiae Y1026 and Y904 strains and diets amended with amino acids on the reduction of aflatoxicosis in Wistar rats were evaluated in the first study. A completely randomized block-designed bioassay with Wistar rats was conducted to evaluate seven formulations (Treatments), which consisted of an aflatoxin-free formulation and six formulations with 400 g kg-1 of aflatoxins. Of these, three formulations had the yeast strain Y1026 (at 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0%) and two had the strain Y904 (at 1% and 1%+1000ppm of methionine + 1000 ppm of cysteine). No statistical differences were observed for the food consumption, weights of the body organs, feed conversion and liver function between the animals fed the different treatments. Histopathological analysis revealed that animals fed aflatoxins diet without yeast cells had liver damage caused by the toxins and those that were fed aflatoxin-diet amended with yeast cells had less liver tissue damage. Therefore, the results obtained suggested that the presence of either yeast strain in the formulations caused a reduction in aflatoxicosis. The second study was conducted to investigate the effect of different dosages of the yeast strain Y1026 on the control of aflatoxicosis in rats. The bioassay was conducted with rats randomly placed in individual cages and fed seven different diets (7 treatments) for 60 days. These were an aflatoxin-free formulation and six others containing aflatoxins at 550 g kg-1, of which five had the yeast strain Y1026 (concentrations at 0.2; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 5%). Feed conversion, liver functions indexes and liver tissue parameters were evaluated. The activity of the liver enzymes was greater in animals that fed the toxin-free diet when compared to other animals. Histopathological analysis showed that animals fed aflatoxin containing diets with and without 0.2 or 0.5% yeast cells showed clear signs of hepatotoxicity, while animals that were fed diets with higher concentrations of yeast cells had less liver tissue damage. The concentration of the yeast cells (Y1026) used in the formulations was correlated with the reduction of aflatoxicosis in Wistar rats. The third study fed Wistar rats an aflatoxin-free diet and diets with aflatoxins (at 500 g kg 1) and aflatoxin amended with a 1% concentration of the yeast strains Y1026 or Y904. In this study, six animals from each group fed the aflatoxin-diets were transferred to metabolic cages and received a single oral dose of AFB13H at 2Ci/animal. Three animals of each treatment were kept at the initial conditions and their liver tissues were used for histopathological analysis. Radiation levels in the animals were monitored at 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after receiving the labeled aflatoxin. Animals fed diets with active yeast cells had absorption, distribution and excretion levels of the labeled toxin different than those that did not receive the probiotic. Histopathological analysis showed that animals fed diets with yeast cells had less liver tissue damage while those fed the aflatoxin-diet had significantly higher liver damage. Therefore, these results indicate that active yeast cells have the ability to reduce aflatoxicosis and modify the absorption, distribution and excretion of radioactivity from AFB13H in Wistar rats.

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Thomas, Simon. "Computerised metabolic control analysis." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359794.

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Taylor, Scott. "Internal metabolic state and metabolic costs in human motor control." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/55145.

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The brain controls behaviour and has to manage the body’s resources (including energy) at the same time. How the brain coordinates and combines computations for controlling behaviour in response to metabolic state is little understood. I examined internal metabolic state and its role in motor coordination. I found that internal metabolic state modulates human motor coordination, with a lower energy expenditure associated with performing a velocity-controlled centre-out reaching task when in a low metabolic state. One approach to understanding human motor coordination is to consider motor cost functions. Many cost functions have been proposed yet the form and implementation of the cost function in the human motor system remains largely unknown. I have shown how an approximately quadratic metabolic energy cost function can be derived from the physiological properties of muscles and muscle fibres, producing a biophysically plausible cost of motor control. I then used this cost function to predict the manner in which coordination would change during an isometric force production task. I showed my predictions were correct, with motor effort shifting from muscles with higher metabolic energy costs towards muscles with lower metabolic energy costs. I examined the effect of internal metabolic state on muscle fibre recruitment regimes. I found no significant effect here, suggesting that fibre recruitment is computed in an independent manner to muscle coordination and supporting hierarchical control of human motor coordination. To directly uncover the composite cost function of reaching movements, I used model based inverse optimal control to show how differences in hand reaching trajectories between metabolic states can be described by a single parameter representing a trade-off between motor variability and energy expenditure.

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Small, J. R. "Theoretical aspects of metabolic control." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382208.

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Duncan, John Andrew Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Glycolytic enzyme binding and metabolic control." Ottawa, 1988.

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Kiwan, Alisar. "Controllo adrenergico del metabolismo glucidico in Anguilla anguilla." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3005/.

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Le conoscenze relative al controllo ormonale del metabolismo epatico dei pesci sono ancora piuttosto limitate e per molti anni sono state controverse. Per lungo tempo si è ritenuto che le catecolamine, adrenalina e noradrenalina, agissero nel fegato dei pesci soltanto attraverso i recettori adrenergici di tipo β. Quindi l’assetto recettoriale dei mammiferi, che comprende recettori α e β, era considerato frutto di un processo evolutivo che non aveva ancora avuto luogo nei pesci. Successivamente, nel fegato di vari teleostei è stata dimostrata la presenza di recettori sia α che β. Tuttavia il ruolo fisiologico dei due tipi di recettori non è ancora chiaro. Per esempio, in acciughe e sgombri non è stato fatto alcuno studio sulla risposta alle catecolamine ottenuta attraverso i recettori α e β, nel fegato di trota i recettori α non sono accoppiati alla cascata fisiologica che porta al rilascio di glucosio, e in anguilla e pesce gatto l’azione delle catecolamine attraverso recettori β è predominante rispetto a quella attraverso recettori α. L’utilizzo di ligandi farmacologici non ha portato a chiarimenti significativi, perché la loro specificità per i recettori di mammifero non trova sempre riscontro nei pesci. In questo studio, quindi, abbiamo studiato l’espressione dei geni codificanti per i recettori α e β adrenergici attraverso la tecnica della PCR real time, ottenendo i primi dati in letteratura per quanto riguarda la loro quantificazione assoluta. L’organismo modello utilizzato è stata l’anguilla, teleosteo caratterizzato da un ciclo biologico molto particolare in cui si distinguono nettamente una fase gialla ed una argentina. Le anguille argentine non sono mai state studiate a tale proposito, e date le estreme differenze nella disponibilità e nell’uso delle risorse energetiche in questi due stadi di crescita, il presente studio ha mirato a valutare la differente sensibilità alle catecolamine da parte degli epatociti isolati da anguille gialle ed argentine. I nostri dati hanno confermato quanto solo ipotizzato nei vari studi pubblicati negli ultimi due decenni, ma mai avvalorato da risultati sperimentali, cioè che i recettori α e β sono contemporaneamente espressi negli epatociti dell’anguilla, sia gialla che argentina, e la proporzione tra loro giustifica il ruolo significativamente maggiore giocato dai recettori β. Nelle anguille argentine infatti, come nelle gialle, l’effetto dell’adrenalina sul rilascio di glucosio ottenuto attraverso recettori β è chiaramente predominante. Inoltre, i nostri dati indicano che in due diverse fasi del ciclo vitale dell’anguilla, così come si osserva nell’ontogenesi dei mammiferi, i recettori adrenergici sono espressi in quantità differente.

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Книги з теми "Controllo metabolico"

F, Smolen Victor, and Ball LuAnn, eds. Controlled drug bioavailability. New York: Wiley, 1985.

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Corda, D., H. Hamm, and A. Luini. GTPase-controlled molecular machines. Rome: Ares-Serono Symposia Publications, 1994.

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Alper, Hal S. Systems metabolic engineering: Methods and protocols. New York: Humana Press, 2013.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Control of Metabolic Processes (1989 Lucca, Italy). Control of metabolic processes. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.

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Levine, T. Barry. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.

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Levine, T. Barry. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.

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Levine, T. Barry. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2006.

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Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier, 2007.

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Yamaguchi, Masayoshi. Osteocalcin: Production, regulation, and disease. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Rachel, Laferriere, ed. Boost your metabolism cookbook. Avon, Mass: Adams Media, 2010.

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Schauer, Philip R., Shai M. Eldar, Helen M. Heneghan, and Stacy A. Brethauer. "3. Metabolic Surgery and Control of Type 2 Diabetes." In Translational Endocrinology & Metabolism: Metabolic Surgery Update, 49–61. 8401 Connecticut Avenue, Suite 900, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815: The Endocrine Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/team.9781936704071.ch3.

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Magomedova, Lilia, and Carolyn L. Cummins. "Glucocorticoids and Metabolic Control." In Metabolic Control, 73–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/164_2015_1.

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Elia, Ilaria, Roberta Schmieder, Stefan Christen, and Sarah-Maria Fendt. "Organ-Specific Cancer Metabolism and Its Potential for Therapy." In Metabolic Control, 321–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/164_2015_10.

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Boon, Mariëtte R., and Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt. "Brown Adipose Tissue: A Human Perspective." In Metabolic Control, 301–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/164_2015_11.

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Ben-Shmuel, Sarit, Ran Rostoker, Eyal J. Scheinman, and Derek LeRoith. "Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cancer: Epidemiology and Potential Mechanisms." In Metabolic Control, 355–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/164_2015_12.

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Müller, Sebastian, Elisabeth Kulenkampff, and Christian Wolfrum. "Adipose Tissue Stem Cells." In Metabolic Control, 251–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/164_2015_13.

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Saltiel, Alan R. "Insulin Signaling in the Control of Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis." In Metabolic Control, 51–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/164_2015_14.

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Kramer, Werner. "Antilipidemic Drug Therapy Today and in the Future." In Metabolic Control, 373–435. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/164_2015_15.

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Rauch, Alexander, and Susanne Mandrup. "A Genome-Wide Perspective on Metabolism." In Metabolic Control, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/164_2015_2.

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Hoffmann, Linda S., Christopher J. Larson, and Alexander Pfeifer. "cGMP and Brown Adipose Tissue." In Metabolic Control, 283–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/164_2015_3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Controllo metabolico"

El-fadl, Rihab, Nasser Rizk, Amena Fadel, and Abdelrahman El Gamal. "The Profile of Hepatic Gene Expression of Glucose Metabolism in Mice on High Fat Diet." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0213.

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Obesity is a growing problem worldwide, and recent data indicated that 20% of the populations would be obese. Obesity arises as a multifactorial disease caused by inherited traits that interact with lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity. The liver plays an essential role in the gluco-regulation via regulating glucose, lipid and protein metabolism. The process of glucose metabolism is controlled by a range of molecular mechanisms and genes which affect the metabolism of the liver during intake of high fat diet (HFD). The objective of this research is to investigate the profile of hepatic gene expression of glucose metabolism in mice on HFD treated with leptin (5 mg/kg BW Ip injection). Ten wild type CD1 mice fed on HFD is used for this study, where groups are control (vehicle - leptin) and test group (vehicle + leptin). Body weight (BW) was measured, and blood chemistry, insulin and leptin were measured at the end of the experiments. Total RNA was isolated from the liver tissue, and RTPCR profiler array technology was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of 84 essential genes of hepatic glucose metabolism. The data of the BW and blood chemistry are not significantly different between the two groups. Leptin treatment enhanced the metabolic pathways and the candidate genes of the different metabolic pathway; glycogen metabolism such as Gys1, Gys2 and Pygm, pentose phosphate shunt such as Rpia and suppressed the glycolysis such as Aldob, and TCA cycle such as Mdh1b. In conclusion, this study has shown that leptin could affect the profile of the hepatic mouse genes of glucose metabolism in the early stages of HFD to induce obesity

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Setty, B. N. Y., M. Berger, and M. J. Stuart. "13-HYDROXY-9,11-OCTADECADIENOIC ACID (13-HOD) INCREASES PROSTACYCLIN PRODUCTION IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643948.

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Recently, endothelial cells (ECs) have been shown to generate a potent vascular chemorepellant factor. This metabolite, 13-HOD is reported to be the major lipoxygenase product produced in microgram amounts in ECs (JBC 260:16056, 1985). We have studied the effect of 13-HOD on EC arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, and report modulation of both AA release and conversion to prostacyclin. Using fetal bovine aortic ECs, 13-HOD stimulated prostacyclin production (RIA for 6KPGF1α ) by 40±13% (1SE), and 51±09% at 10 and 30μM (P<0.05; n=5). When the time-course of this effect was evaluated, 13-HOD (30μM) significantly enhanced the time-dependent release of 6KPGF1α by 31 to 51% between 5 and 120 min. (P<0.05 to 0.01; n=5). In [14C]AA labeled cells, this compound modulated both AA release and its subsequent conversion. In 5 paired experiments, 13-HOD (30μM) enhanced the release of AA from membrane phospholipids (9065±0553 cpm/well in controls vs 10738±1725 in 13-HOD treated cells; PC0.01). Analysis of cellular phospholipids revealed a significant decrease in [14C]phosphatidylethanolamine (62312±3963 cpm/well in controls vs 56959±4104 in 13-HOD treated cells; P<0.02). No significant changes were seen in the levels of phosphatidyl-choline, -serine, -inositol, or phosphatidic acid. Production of [14C]prostacyclin was stimulated by 56±16% (P<0.01 ), while total cyclooxygenase metabolites increased by 28±8% (P<0.01), suggesting effects on both cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin synthetase. 13-HOD, the major vascular product of linoleic acid enhances both AA release and metabolism, thus demonstrating an intimate hemostatic interaction between the metabolic products of these two polyunsaturated fatty acids in endothelial cells.

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Kisljakova, A. A. "ASSESSMENT OF INDICATORS OF METABOLIC DISORDERS IN WORKERS OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED BY POWER FREQUENCY ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS." In The 4th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» International Youth Forum (OHIYF-2022). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-6-9-2022-1-110-114.

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Study is directed to power frequency (PF) electric and magnetic field (EF and PF) occupational exposure possible effects to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. As part of the periodic medical examination based in the FSBI «Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health», 144 men occupationally exposed by PF electromagnetic field (EMF) were examined. The control group consisted of 40 practically healthy men who were not in contact with the studied harmful factor. Based on the results of therapeutic examination and the results of a biochemical blood test, a metabolic syndrome (MS) was established in some of the persons. It was revealed that 55.5% of the employees of the main group have MS, more than 80% of men have a violation of lipid metabolism, and 43% of the subjects - carbohydrate metabolism. Higher indicators of carbohydrate metabolism were revealed in the group of primary exposure PF EMF magnetic component. Only. The group of primary exposure to both components of PF EMF (EF and MF) had higher levels of lipid metabolism. Obtained results indicate a negative effect of PF EMF occupational exposure to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.

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Michalski, Marie-Caroline, Cecile Vors, Corinne Malpuech-Brugere, Dominique Rainteau, Emilie Gauliard, Hubert Vidal, Lemlih Ouchchane, and Lydie Humbert. "Impact of milk polar lipid supplementation on postprandial bile acid composition." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/pklq6155.

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Justification: Bile acids (BA) are the end products of cholesterol catabolism and may act as signalling molecules and metabolic regulators of energy homeostasis. Disorders in BA metabolism can lead to liver and cardiovascular diseases. In a 4-week double-blind RCT (VALOBAB-C), we demonstrated that the daily consumption of a cream cheese enriched with 3 or 5g of milk polar lipids (PL) improved lipid metabolism by reducing hypercholesterolemia in overweight postmenopausal women. Objective: We aimed to determine the effect of milk PL on circulating BA in the fasting and postprandial state. Methods: In the VALOBAB-C trial, postprandial metabolic explorations (0-480min) were performed before and after the intervention, including a standardized high fat-high sucrose breakfast at fasting and a standardized lunch containing the test cream cheese at 240 min. Fasting and postprandial serum bile acid composition was analysed by HPLC-MS/MS. Results: The milk PL intervention slightly increased total fasting BA concentrations (Î”After-Before) (PPL=0.03), with no significant effect on BA species profile (% of total BA). Total BA concentration was not impacted during the postprandial period, but the primary/secondary BA ratio was significantly decreased in both milk PL groups versus control. Milk PL decreased the relative abundance of primary BA (PPL=0.02), increased Tauro-conjugated BA (Pgroup=0.02) and highly decreased Glyco-conjugated BA. Proportions of several species were also decreased during the postprandial period, among which GLCA (glycolithocholic acid). The latter is derived from lithocholic acid, whose accumulation is toxic. Such results provide new insights in the knowledge of BA metabolism, and a potential link with the cholesterol-lowering effects of milk PL deserves to be investigated. Significance of the research to the AOCS membership: H&N, EAT and PL division members can be interested by this research regarding lipid ingredients of functional interest and their impact on relevant biomarkers involved in lipid metabolism.

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POSTRASh, Irina, E. G. SKVORTSOVA, and Aleksandra MOSTOFINA. "Biochemical indicators of the blood of quails depending on the use of probiotics." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production 27 (75). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-27-75-163-168.

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The results of the influence of the use of probiotics "Yarosil" and "Kurunga" on the biochemical parameters of the blood of the Texas white quail. The introduction of additives "Yarosil" at a dose of 0.6 and 0.2 ml/kg, as well as the additive "Kurunga" at a dose of 0.1 ml/kg in the main diet of poultry had an ambiguous effect on protein metabolism under the conditions of the experiment. The glucose content in the experimental birds, which received different probiotics and at different doses, also varied. The concentration of glucose was higher for the first, second and third experimental groups, respectively, by 9.2; 12.7; 16.6% compared with the control, but all indicators were at the upper limit of the reference interval. In general, the introduction of the Yarosil additive at a dose of 0.6 and 0.2 ml/kg into the poultry diet, as well as the Kurunga additive at a dose of 0.1 ml/kg, has a positive effect on the metabolic status of the experimental bird. This is reflected in indicators characterizing the normalization of liver function, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism.

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Winter, Jordan M., Richard A. Burkhart, Danielle M. Pineda, Saswati Chand, Joseph Cozzitorto, Charles J. Yeo, and Jonathan R. Brody. "Abstract 5394: HuR affects pancreatic cancer metabolism through post-transcriptional control of core metabolic enzymes." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-5394.

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Fardilha, Margarida, and Magda Carvalho Henriques. "How to motivate students to learn Metabolic Biochemistry in a Biomedical Sciences curricula." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9315.

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Teaching methodologies used in biochemistry classes at the University level are traditionally dependent on theorical classes. The assessment is usually based on written tests performed at the end of the semester. However, most students who learn metabolism by this traditional method consider the study of metabolic biochemistry a terrifying and unforgettable experience. Understanding biochemical metabolic pathways was the proposed goal of the Medical Biochemistry curricular unit. To this end, the multi-method active learning approach was used in order to increase students’ motivation towards the learning process and to allow the development of skills associated with group conflict resolution, critical thinking and communication skills. Overall, students and learning facilitators were highly motivated by the diversity of learning activities, particularly due to the emphasis on correlating theoretical knowledge with human health and disease. As a quality control exercise, the students were asked to answer a questionnaire on their evaluation of the teaching/learning experience. Thus, the initial analysis of the student’s perception questionnaires permits to conclude that the approach undertaken yields results that surpass the traditional teaching methods. Investing in preparing attractive and motivating classes increases students and teacher’s general satisfaction and the learning/teaching process becomes more efficient.

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Al-Qeraiwi, Maha, Manar Al-Rashid, Nasser Rizk, Abdelrahman El Gamal, and Amena Fadl. "Hepatic Gene Expression Profile of Lipid Metabolism of Obese Mice after treatment with Anti-obesity Drug." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0214.

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Obesity is a global disorder with multifactorial causes. The liver plays a vital role in fat metabolism. Disorder of hepatic fat metabolism is associated with obesity and causes fatty liver. High fat diet intake (HFD) to mice causes the development of dietinduced obesity (DIO). The study aimed to detect the effects of anti-obesity drugs (sulforaphane; SFN and leptin) on hepatic gene expression of fat metabolism in mice that were fed HFD during an early time of DIO. Twenty wild types (WT) CD1 male mice aged ten weeks were fed a high fat diet. The mice were treated with vehicle; Veh (control group), and SFN, then each group is treated with leptin or saline. Four groups of treatment were: control group (vehicle + saline), Group 2 (vehicle + leptin), group 3 (SFN + saline), and group 4 (SFN + leptin). Body weight and food intake were monitored during the treatment period. Following the treatments of leptin 24 hour, fasting blood samples and liver tissue was collected, and Total RNA was extracted then used to assess the gene expression of 84 genes involved in hepatic fat metabolism using RT-PCR profiler array technique. Leptin treatment upregulated fatty acid betaoxidation (Acsbg2, Acsm4) and fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Acot6, Acsl6), and downregulated is fatty acid transport (Slc27a2). SFN upregulated acylCoA hydrolase (Acot3) and long chain fatty acid activation for lipids synthesis and beta oxidation (Acsl1). Leptin + SFN upregulated fatty acid beta oxidation (Acad11, Acam) and acyl-CoA hydrolase (Acot3, Acot7), and downregulated fatty acid elongation (Acot2). As a result, treatment of both SFN and leptin has more profound effects on ameliorating pathways involved in hepatic lipogenesis and TG accumulation and lipid profile of TG and TC than other types of intervention. We conclude that early intervention of obesity pa could ameliorate the metabolic changes of fat metabolism in liver as observed in WT mice on HFD in response to anti-obesity treatment.

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Kim, Won Tae, Seok Joong Yun, Chunri Yan, Pildu Jeong, Ye Hwan Kim, Il-Seok Lee, Sunghyouk Park, et al. "Abstract 3979: Metabolic pathways associated with urinary metabolite biomarkers differentiate bladder cancer patients from healthy controls." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-3979.

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Hsu, Hsiang, Inseung Kang, and Aaron J. Young. "Design and Evaluation of a Proportional Myoelectric Controller for Hip Exoskeletons During Walking." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9226.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a neural controller for a single-joint bilateral hip exoskeleton. The device provides mechanical torque in the sagittal plane and uses series elastic actuators for feedback control. The system consists of three control layers: (1) a high-level controller that estimates the current gait phase, (2) a mid-level controller that converts the electromyography (EMG) signals to desired exoskeleton torques, and (3) a low-level controller that ensures the output torque matches the commanded torque. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proportional EMG controller, one able-body subject walked with the exoskeleton under 3 assistance conditions: (1) a baseline proportional gain condition (× G), (2) a double proportional gain condition (× 2G) for faster scaling, and (3) an on/off set value torque assistance (SV). The third condition provides the same net mechanical power as the baseline (× G) condition to compare whether proportional scaling of the hip torque was significant. The subject’s hip-joint kinematics, metabolic rate, and muscle activities were collected as outcome measurements. In summary, the EMG controller could generate seamless torque to the user with a response time of 80 ms. The × 2G condition resulted in a 23.3% EMG activity reduction while SV condition reduced the metabolic rate by 8.1%. Interestingly, the largest EMG reduction condition (× 2G) did not result in largest metabolic reduction (SV). Our preliminary findings suggest that the proportional scaling of the hip torque may not be the most important parameter to minimize metabolic cost.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Controllo metabolico"

Schaffer, Arthur A., D. Mason Pharr, Joseph Burger, James D. Burton, and Eliezer Zamski. Aspects of Sugar Metabolism in Melon Fruit as Determinants of Fruit Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568770.bard.

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The cucurbit family, including melon, translocates the galactosyl-sucrose oligosaccharides, raffinose and stachyose, in addition to sucrose, from the source leaves to the fruit sink. The metabolism of these photoassimilates in the fruit sink controls fruit growth and development, including the horticulturally important phenomenon of sucrose accumulation, which determines melon fruit sweetness. During this research project we have characterized the complete pathway of galactosyl sucrose metabolism in developing fruit, from before anthesis until maturity. We have also compared the metabolic pathway in scurose accumulating genotypes, as compared to non-accumulating genotypes. Furthermore, we studied the pathway in different fruit tissues, in response to pollination, and also analyzed the response of the individual steps of the pathway to perturbations such as low temperature and leaf removal. The results of our studies have led to the conclusion that generally galactosyl-sucrose metabolism functions as a coordinately controlled pathway. In one case, as an immediate response to the absence of pollination, the activity of a single enzyme, UDPglu pyrophosphorylase, was drastically reduced. However, during young fruit development, sucrose accumulation, and in response to perturbations of the system, groups of enzymes, rather than single enzymes, respond in a concerted manner. Our research has characterized in detail the initial enzymes of galactosyl-sucrose metabolism, including the galactosidases, galactokinase and the UDPgal- and UDPglu pyrophosphorylases. We have discovered a novel alkaline a-galactoside which hydrolyzes both stachyose and reaffinose and thereby may have solved the dilemma of cytosolic-sucrose metabolism, since prior to this research there was no known alkaline a-galactosidase capable of hydrolyzing raffinose.

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Brynildsen, Mark P., Stephanie M. Amato, Christopher H. Fazen, Theresa Henry, Mehmet A. Orman, Elizabeth L. Sandvik, and Katherine Volzing. Investigating Metabolic Control of Persister Formation in Biofilms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada595099.

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Cassimeris, Lynne. Microtubule Control of Metabolism in Prostate Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada597853.

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Cassimeris, Lynne. Microtubule Control of Metabolism in Prostate Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada602436.

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Chapple, Clint. Control of Carbon Allocation in Phenylpropanoid Metabolism. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1831767.

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Fait, Aaron, Grant Cramer, and Avichai Perl. Towards improved grape nutrition and defense: The regulation of stilbene metabolism under drought. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594398.bard.

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The goals of the present research proposal were to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis of the regulation of stilbene metabolism in grape, against the background of (i) grape metabolic network behavior in response to drought and of (ii) varietal diversity. The specific objectives included the study of the physiology of the response of different grape cultivars to continuous WD; the characterization of the differences and commonalities of gene network topology associated with WD in berry skin across varieties; the study of the metabolic response of developing berries to continuous WD with specific attention to the stilbene compounds; the integration analysis of the omics data generated; the study of isolated drought-associated stress factors on the regulation of stilbene biosynthesis in plantaand in vitro. Background to the topic Grape quality has a complex relationship with water input. Regulated water deficit (WD) is known to improve wine grapes by reducing the vine growth (without affecting fruit yield) and boosting sugar content (Keller et al. 2008). On the other hand, irregular rainfall during the summer can lead to drought-associated damage of fruit developmental process and alter fruit metabolism (Downey et al., 2006; Tarara et al., 2008; Chalmers et al., 792). In areas undergoing desertification, WD is associated with high temperatures. This WD/high temperature synergism can limit the areas of grape cultivation and can damage yields and fruit quality. Grapes and wine are the major source of stilbenes in human nutrition, and multiple stilbene-derived compounds, including isomers, polymers and glycosylated forms, have also been characterized in grapes (Jeandet et al., 2002; Halls and Yu, 2008). Heterologous expression of stilbenesynthase (STS) in a variety of plants has led to an enhanced resistance to pathogens, but in others the association has not been proven (Kobayashi et al., 2000; Soleas et al., 1995). Tomato transgenic plants harboring a grape STS had increased levels of resveratrol, ascorbate, and glutathione at the expense of the anthocyanin pathways (Giovinazzo et al. 2005), further emphasizing the intermingled relation among secondary metabolic pathways. Stilbenes are are induced in green and fleshy parts of the berries by biotic and abiotic elicitors (Chong et al., 2009). As is the case for other classes of secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of stilbenes is not very well understood, but it is known to be under tight spatial and temporal control, which limits the availability of these compounds from plant sources. Only very few studies have attempted to analyze the effects of different environmental components on stilbene accumulation (Jeandet et al., 1995; Martinez-Ortega et al., 2000). Targeted analyses have generally shown higher levels of resveratrol in the grape skin (induced), in seeded varieties, in varieties of wine grapes, and in dark-skinned varieties (Gatto et al., 2008; summarized by Bavaresco et al., 2009). Yet, the effect of the grape variety and the rootstock on stilbene metabolism has not yet been thoroughly investigated (Bavaresco et al., 2009). The study identified a link between vine hydraulic behavior and physiology of stress with the leaf metabolism, which the PIs believe can eventually lead to the modifications identified in the developing berries that interested the polyphenol metabolism and its regulation during development and under stress. Implications are discussed below.

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Blumwald, Eduardo, and Avi Sadka. Sugar and Acid Homeostasis in Citrus Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697109.bard.

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Citrus fruit quality standards have been determined empirically, depending on species and on the particular growing regions. In general, the TSS (total soluble solids) to total acidity (TA) ratio determines whether citrus fruit can be marketed. Soluble sugars account for most of the TSS during harvest while TA is determined almost solely by the citric acid content, which reaches levels of 1-5% by weight in many cultivated varieties. Acid and sugar homeostasis in the fruit is critical for the management of existing cultivars, the development of new cultivars, the improvement of pre- and post-harvest strategies and the control of fruit quality and disorders. The current proposal (a continuation of a previous proposal) aimed at: (1) completing the citrus fruit proteome and metabolome, and establish a citrus fruit functional database, (2) further characterization of the control of fruit acidity by studying the regulation of key steps affecting citrate metabolism, and determine the fate of citrate during acid decline stage, and (3) Studying acid and sugar homeostasis in citrus fruits by characterizing transport mechanisms across membranes. These aims were completed as the following: (1) Our initial efforts were aimed at the characterization and identification of citric acid transporters in citrus juice cells. The identification of citrate transporters at the vacuole of the citrus juice cell indicated that the steady-state citrate cytosolic concentration and the action of the cytosolic aconitase were key elements in establishing the pH homeostat in the cell that regulates the metabolic shift towards carbon usage in the fruit during the later stages of fruit development. We focused on the action of aconitase, the enzyme mediating the metabolic use of citric acid in the cells, and identified processes that control carbon fluxes in developing citrus fruits that control the fruit acid load; (2) The regulation of aconitase, catalyzing a key step in citrate metabolism, was further characterized by using two inhibitors, citramalte and oxalomalte. These compounds significantly increased citrate content and reduced the enzyme’s activity. Metabolite profiling and changes of amino-acid metabolizing enzymes in oxalomalate- treated cells suggested that the increase in citrate, caused by aconitase inhibition, induces amino acid synthesis and the GABA shunt, in accordance with the suggested fate of citrate during the acid decline stage in citrus fruit. (3) We have placed a considerable amount of time on the development of a citrus fruit proteome that will serve to identify all of the proteins in the juice cells and will also serve as an aid to the genomics efforts of the citrus research community (validating the annotation of the fruit genes and the different ESTs). Initially, we identified more than 2,500 specific fruit proteins and were able to assign a function to more than 2,100 proteins (Katz et al., 2007). We have now developed a novel Differential Quantitative LC-MS/MS Proteomics Methodology for the identification and quantitation of key biochemical pathways in fruits (Katz et al., 2010) and applied this methodology to identify determinants of key traits for fruit quality (Katz et al., 2011). We built “biosynthesis maps” that will aid in defining key pathways associated with the development of key fruit quality traits. In addition, we constructed iCitrus (http://wiki.bioinformatics.ucdavis.edu/index.php/ICitrus), a “functional database” that is essentially a web interface to a look-up table that allows users to use functional annotations in the web to identify poorly annotated citrus proteins. This resource will serve as a tool for growers and field extension specialists.

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Bertozzi, Carolyn R. Metabolic Engineering of Reactive Cell Surfaces for Controlled Cell Adhesion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421093.

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Ursin, Giske. Estrogen Metabolism in Breast Cancer Cases and Controls. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada303828.

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Conway, T. Physiology and genetics of metabolic flux control in Zymomonas mobilis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7236254.

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