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Готові списки джерел за темами / Contracting out

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Contracting out"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Contracting out"

1

Chantler, David. "Contracting in, Contracting out." Criminal Justice Matters 57, no. 1 (September 2004): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627250408553643.

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2

Kettl, Donald F., and John A. Rehfuss. "Contracting out." Public Administration Review 50, no. 4 (July 1990): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/977094.

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3

Machell, Sue. "Contracting out." Primary Health Care 4, no. 4 (April 1994): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/phc.4.4.11.s11.

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4

Lawes, Ann. "Contracting Out." New Library World 95, no. 4 (July 1994): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074809410056436.

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5

Heartfield, James. "Contracting Out Authority." Critique 37, no. 4 (November 2009): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03017600903205831.

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6

Bruneau, Thomas C. "Contracting Out Security." Journal of Strategic Studies 36, no. 5 (May 14, 2012): 638–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2012.663254.

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7

Szymankiewicz, Jan. "Contracting Out or Selling Out?" Logistics Information Management 7, no. 1 (February 1994): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576059410052368.

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8

Johnsen, Åge, Karl Robertsen, and Dag Yngvar Äsland. "Contracting Out Municipal Auditing." Evaluation 10, no. 3 (July 2004): 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356389004048280.

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9

Jahn, Elke J., and Wolfgang Ochel. "Contracting-out employment services." Journal of European Social Policy 17, no. 2 (May 2007): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928707075196.

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10

Dijkgraaf, E., R. H. J. M. Gradus, and B. Melenberg. "Contracting out refuse collection." Empirical Economics 28, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 553–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001810200145.

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Дисертації з теми "Contracting out"

1

Chau, Chun-kwok Anson, and 鄒振國. "A study of contracting out in the Regional Services Department." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196400X.

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2

Chau, Chun-kwok Anson. "A study of contracting out in the Regional Services Department." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13236441.

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3

Alexander, Jason Fields. "Contracting through the lens of classical pragmatism : an exploration of local government contracting /." View online version, 2009. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/288.

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4

Dovalina, Jessica. "Assessing ethical dilemmas in the contracting out process /." View online, 2006. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/108.

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5

Chan, Kit-bong, and 陳傑邦. "A study of contract management process and performance for outsourcingcontracts." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42555243.

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6

Chan, Kit-bong. "A study of contract management process and performance for outsourcing contracts." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42555243.

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7

Neal, Susan Piltz. "Organization development consultation process : effective strategies of the contracting stage /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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8

Brown, Mark A. "A dictionary of acquisition and contracting terms." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA247053.

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Анотація:

Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1992.
Thesis Advisor(s): Lamm, David V. "June 1992." Description based on title screen as viewed on ... Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-65). Also available in print.

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9

Chung, Siu-man, and 鍾少文. "An analysis of contracting out public cargo working areas." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965556.

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10

Keetch, Cristiane Carvalho. "Trends in the Contracting out of Local Government Services." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4705.

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Challenging economic conditions have led local governments to explore alternative methods to deliver public services to residents. This thesis explores historical contracting out trends and offers new research about contracting out activity by local jurisdictions in the state of Florida. Through an e-survey, the new data examines if cities and counties in Florida increased contracting out activity of public services in response to a declining economic environment and changes in population growth trends. This elaborate and multifaceted task is accomplished through a deliberate interdisciplinary research approach. The literature review consists of well-known publication responsible for creating the foundation of contracting out research, which has been covered often in previous research. However, this thesis also spans across customary research approaches by including recent news coverage from non-traditional sources, extensive analysis of the most recent United States economic recession, and a close examination of the specific changes that transpired in Florida. It covers publication from the International City/County Management Association (ICMA) and the National League of Cities (NLC). It also covers data from sources focused on Florida such as the Bureau of Economic Business Research (BEBR, Florida Department of Revenue (DOR), and the Florida League of Cities (FLC). Combined with a comprehensive literature review, the research explores whether two explanatory factors (population growth changes and fiscal pressures) were drivers of contracting out decisions by Florida counties and cities during the 2007-2009 recession.

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Книги з теми "Contracting out"

1

Cassidy, Gordon. Contracting out. Kingston, Ont: Queen's University, School of Policy Studies, 1994.

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2

Project, Government and Competitiveness, ed. Contracting out. [Kingston, Ont.]: Government and Competitiveness, School of Policy Studies, Queen's University, 1994.

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3

Dworaczek, Marian. Contracting out: A bibliography. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1987.

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4

Considine, Mark, and Siobhan O'Sullivan, eds. Contracting-out Welfare Services. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119016458.

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5

Panet, Philip de L. Contracting out social services. [Toronto]: Centre for the Study of State & Market, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1996.

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6

United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ed. Business contracting-out practices. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1987.

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7

United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ed. Business contracting-out practices. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1987.

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8

United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ed. Business contracting-out practices. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1987.

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9

Macfarlane, Richard. Contracting in or out. London: National Council for Voluntary Organisations, 1990.

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10

United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics., ed. Business contracting-out practices. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1987.

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Частини книг з теми "Contracting out"

1

Singh, Kulwant. "Contracting Out." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, 340–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-00772-8_686.

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2

Singh, Kulwant. "Contracting Out." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, 1–2. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_686-1.

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Considine, Mark, and Siobhan O'Sullivan. "Introduction." In Contracting-out Welfare Services, 1–9. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119016458.ch0.

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4

Zimmermann, Katharina, Patrizia Aurich, Paolo R. Graziano, and Vanesa Fuertes. "Local Worlds of Marketization - Employment Policies in Germany, Italy and the UK Compared." In Contracting-out Welfare Services, 11–32. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119016458.ch1.

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5

Struyven, Ludo. "Varieties of Market Competition in Public Employment Services - A Comparison of the Emergence and Evolution of the New System in Australia, the Netherlands and Belgium." In Contracting-out Welfare Services, 33–53. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119016458.ch2.

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6

Considine, Mark, Siobhan O'Sullivan, and Phuc Nguyen. "Governance, Boards of Directors and the Impact of Contracting on Not-for-profits Organizations - An Australian Study." In Contracting-out Welfare Services, 55–74. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119016458.ch3.

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7

van Berkel, Rik. "Quasi-markets and the Delivery of Activation - A Frontline Perspective." In Contracting-out Welfare Services, 75–90. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119016458.ch4.

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8

Shutes, Isabel, and Rebecca Taylor. "Conditionality and the Financing of Employment Services - Implications for the Social Divisions of Work and Welfare." In Contracting-out Welfare Services, 91–108. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119016458.ch5.

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Rees, James, Adam Whitworth, and Elle Carter. "Support for All in the UK Work Programme? Differential Payments, Same Old Problem." In Contracting-out Welfare Services, 109–28. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119016458.ch6.

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10

Knuth, Matthias. "Broken Hierarchies, Quasi-markets and Supported Networks - A Governance Experiment in the Second Tier of Germany's Public Employment Service." In Contracting-out Welfare Services, 129–50. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119016458.ch7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Contracting out"

1

Furneaux, Craig W., Kerry A. Brown, Neal Ryan, Amanda Gudmundsson, and Stephane Tywoniak. "Contracting-out asset maintenance: How arrangements adapt over time." In 2009 Second International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Developing 21st Century Infrastructure Networks (INFRA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infra.2009.5397880.

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2

Singh, Sowmitra, Jin-Keun Choi, and Georges Chahine. "Optimum Configuration of an Expanding-Contracting-Nozzle for Thrust Enhancement by Bubble Injection." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40526.

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This paper addresses the concept of thrust augmentation through bubble injection into an expanding-contracting nozzle. Two-phase models for bubbly flow in an expanding-contracting nozzle are developed, in parallel with laboratory experiments, and used to ascertain the geometry configuration for the nozzle that would lead to maximum thrust enhancement upon bubble injection. For preliminary optimization of experimental setup’s design, a quasi 1-D approach is used. Averaged flow quantities (such as velocities, pressures, and void fractions) in a cross-section are used for the analysis. The mixture continuity and momentum equations are numerically solved simultaneously, along with equations for bubble dynamics, bubble motion, and an equation for conservation of bubble number. Various geometric parameters such as the exit and inlet areas, the area of the bubble injection section, the presence of a throat and its location, the length of the diffuser section and the length of the contraction section are varied, and their effects on thrust enhancement are studied. Investigation on the effect of the injected void fraction is also carried out. The key objective function of the optimization is the normalized thrust parameter, which is the difference between the thrust with the bubble injection and the thrust before the bubble injection, normalized by the inlet momentum. An approximate analytical expression for the normalized thrust parameter was also derived starting from the mixture continuity and momentum equations. This analytical expression involved flow variables only at three locations; inlet section, injection section, and outlet section, and the expression is simple enough to produce a quick concept design of the diffuser-nozzle thruster. The numerical and analytical approaches are verified against each other and the limitations of the analytical approach are discussed.

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3

Al Zaabi, Abdulla Rashed. "Determinants of Value Benefits in Adopting an Engineering Procurement and Construction Management (EPCM) Contracting Model." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210816-ms.

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Abstract Thinking outside the box implies a box. This box consists of all your beliefs and preconceived ideas about reality. It is a group of concepts you accept and don't question. Unfortunately, this tendency to conceptualize reality also has side effects. In fact, this box destroys creativity. It sets fences in your mind. It establishes a perimeter that determines what conscious thoughts can arise. When you think inside the box, you are limited. You copy what already exists. This is not necessarily problematic, but it often is suboptimal. If you aim at the same target everyone else is aiming at, your shots will end up where everyone else's do. If you till the same soil that everyone else tills, plant the same seeds they plant, and use the same water, you'll get the same garden. Ideas are constantly flowing in your subconscious mind. You're not aware of most of them because they are blocked. They fall outside the box. Your mind constantly filters out stuff that it doesn't consider relevant. To develop creativity, you need the ability to suspend that filter. You have to step out of concepts. It's certainly doable. "Thinking Out of the Box" means you're indifferent to rules and standards being imposed by others, and do things a different way. This way, you're unrestrained by convention, and don't see the world through a lens of set rules or expectations. This trait lends itself well to creativity and innovation, as you don't feel bound by certain ways of producing work or fitting in with the status quo. To think outside the box, you have to step out of it. That means suspending judgments and labels. It's impossible to be creative if you're caught in prejudice. So, let's step out of the box and ponder on the below strategy: "Execution of Oil & Gas Projects in UAE through Engineering Procurement and Construction Management (EPCM) Contracting Model instead of the mundane Engineering Procurement & Construction (EPC) Model"

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4

Arfi, Zulfa, Nichapa Akaramethakorn, Issa Mahruqi, Mohammad Aziz, Mohamed Radwan, and Abdullah Riyami. "Potential Cost Optimization and Efficiency Through the Innovative Hybrid Contracting Model in the Southern of Sultanate of Oman." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211756-ms.

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Abstract This paper is predominately for people to realize the potential promising outcomes of the innovative contracting strategy model of which it can provide a minimum of 10% cost reduction while still offering flexibility to accommodate upside scope with faster oil acceleration through efficiency in execution. Continuous improvement through optimization and cost reduction has always been top priority in the BN area, that has been the focus for current and future development. Approximately eleven fields in the BN area are contributing to the success today. The fields in the area offer lots of opportunities and many upside scopes. A cross-functional team was deployed to ensure the preferred contracting strategy model is properly explored and fit for the project value drivers. Clear value drivers and scope optimisation was determined upfront and different in-house contracting models were compared and ranked using SWOT analysis (Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threats). Innovative contracting model was introduced, a Hybrid model that can deliver the project value drivers and provide the management the optimum long-term results. Value drivers of the project have been revisited prior to the contracting strategy workshop in order to reflect the latest view of the project. Apart from CAPEX saving, flexibility has become crucial to the project success due to nature of subsurface uncertainty in the area. Pre-workshop preparation involved many stakeholders’ engagement in order to take learnings from existing/current on going contracts in the company. SWOT analysis for each contracting type has been built with support from all the contract holdership team who has an experience in each contract type. The SWOT analysis has been combined and ranked against the value drivers of the assessed project. Contracting strategy assessment workshop has been conducted successfully and the Hybrid Model was ranked as the preferred option. Hybrid model concept looks-into two different contracting models (Insourcing and Integrated Service Management (ISM)) of which each Model has its own characteristics and benefits. Hence, Well Services Review is vital to identify and detail the project Hybrid Scope of Work (SOW) such as interference, enablers, etc. Minimum 10% saving of well cost through standardization and efficiency in project management is a target set; however, the ongoing Gap to Potential, external benchmarking, and full integrated project economics will entail further cost savings. In addition, Hybrid Model commercialisation is being studied for potential project attractiveness, cost savings, and efficiency i.e., rental fee analysis. The approach involves a true understanding of the project value drivers and uncertainties. Integrated team from subsurface, surface, contract and procurement are the heart of the success which allow the project to be analyzed in detail through out. Creative, innovative with commercial mind-set thinking has actually proven to deliver continuous improvement and contracting effectiveness.

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5

Kavarić, Milena. "Prednosti i nedostaci za ugovorne strane kod ugovora o franšizingu." In Onlajn konferencija pravnika u privredi Republike Srbije. Udruženje pravnika u privredi Srbije, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55836/zbornik_pip_2105a.

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Franchise business arrangement includes franchisee’s right to use franchisor’s business identity: the name, trademark, symbol, products, or services. This way, the franchisor and the franchisee gain certain benefits. This paper discusses the economic aspect of a franchise agreement, positive and negative sides, i.e. advantages and disadvantages for contracting parties. In addition to direct benefits for contracting parties, this paper emphasizes other benefits of this form of business cooperation which are transferred to the general plan. On that basis, our aim is to contribute to more in-depth discussion to this mater, trying to find out the key factors that lead to the success of franchise enterprises, meanwhile summarising the main limitations and potential weaknesses in the model. The advantages of this form of business in comparison to the opening of an independent business unit were analysed separately which, at last, provided the conclusion for choosing the franchising model when starting a small business.

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6

Hertel, Charlotte, Christoph Bode, Dragan Kožulović, and Tim Schneider. "Investigations on Aerodynamic Loading Limits of Subsonic Compressor Tandem Cascades: Midspan Flow." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64488.

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An optimized subsonic compressor tandem cascade was investigated experimentally and numerically. Since the design aims at incompressible applications, a low inlet Mach number of 0.175 was used. The experiments were carried out at the low speed cascade wind tunnel at the Technische Universität Braunschweig. For the numerical simulations, the CFD-solver TRACE of DLR Cologne was used, together with a curvature corrected k-ω turbulence model and the γ-Reθ transition model. Besides the incidence variation, the aerodynamic loading has also been varied by contracting endwalls. Results are presented and discussed for different inlet angles and endwall contractions: pressure distribution, loss coefficient, turning, pressure rise, AVDR and Mach number. The comparison of experimental and numerical results is always adequate for a large range of incidence. In addition, a comparison is made to an existing high subsonic tandem cascade and conventional cascades. For the latter the Lieblein diffusion factor has been employed as a measure of aerodynamic loading to complete the Lieblein Chart of McGlumphy [1].

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7

Orekhov, Viktor, Mark Yim, and Dennis Hong. "Mechanics of a Fluid Filled Everting Toroidal Robot for Propulsion and Going Through a Hole." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-29053.

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Whole Skin Locomotion (WSL) is an amoeba inspired locomotion mechanism for mobile robots in which an elongated torus turns itself inside out in a single continuous motion. Since the entire surface is used as a traction surface, WSL has the potential to traverse highly unstructured terrain, and when filled with fluid with an elastic membrane skin, it has the potential to squeeze through holes smaller than its nominal diameter. Previous work has investigated the mechanics of a concentric solid tube (CST) model in which motion is generated by expanding and contracting actuator rings pushing and pulling the membrane around a solid inner tube. In this paper, we present the mechanics of a fluid filled toroid (FFT) model which replaces the solid inner tube with incompressible fluid. Locomotion using contracting ring actuation is described for the FFT model and compared to the CST model. A novel actuation scheme which exploits the chemo-mechanics of soft polymeric elastic skin is also introduced to elicit useful locomotive behavior. Chemically induced swelling in polymeric skin is demonstrated to be a viable propulsion mechanism for a toroidal membrane under pressure. Finally, preliminary analysis is presented for finding forces required for a WSL robot to squeeze through a hole of a given depth and diameter to investigate the feasibility of using contracting ring actuation and chemically induced swelling for hole traversal.

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8

Thomas, Aby. "Managing Change in a High Growth Environment: Reference to Bahrain/Arabian Gulf." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77036.

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The industrial and construction scenario with specific reference to the Oil & Gas Industry, in the Arabian Gulf Region is demanding on resources especially during ‘high growth times’ driven by high oil prices. This creates considerable shortages in man-power, materials and equipment in the region. The Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) a fully integrated Oil and Gas Company has embarked on a massive Strategic Investment Program with some major projects already on-stream. Alongside these major projects, Up-grade, debottlenecking and technology enhancement Projects form a sizable component of the Investment Program. The company has over the past years developed procedures and processes to manage work within the Oil and Gas Fields, Refinery, Tank Farms and its own Shipping Wharf Operations in keeping with the highest safety and quality requirements. Purpose of this paper/ presentation is to detail out the adaptation of these procedures, processes and contracting strategies to manage the changing environment for the installation of mechanical and piping systems, executed on applicable ASME/API codes. Presentation will include contracting strategies which along with prudent management through a combination of various types of work contracts ensured close quality and budgetary control.

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de Miranda, Mario, Luca Marinini, Rodrigo Affonso, and Marta de Miranda. "The Design of the new Storstrøm Bridge: design philosophy, structural concepts, fundamental design and innovative construction methods." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.0686.

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<p>This paper describes the structural design of the new Storstrøm Bridge under construction in Denmark, carried out by DMA - De Miranda Associati from the initial tender phase through development of basic design to the early phases of construction in 2021.</p><p>The bridge, the contracting entity for which is the Danish Road Directorate, is a prestressed concrete road and railway structure almost 4km long, including a central cable-stayed section with 160m spans and two approach viaducts.</p><p>The paper describes the design concepts, structural concepts, construction methods, static and dynamic analysis, as well as the wind analysis and the wind tunnel test campaign designed by DMA and carried out for assessing the structural response of the bridge to wind action.</p>

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Philen, Michael. "Bio-Inspired Active Fiber Composite Pumps." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-8077.

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Squid are the fastest aquatic invertebrates through jetting locomotion. This done through a mantle that quickly compresses an internal fluid, forcing fluid out through a funnel. The squid mantle has a complex collagen fiber and muscular system and squid propulsion is primarily done through circumferential muscles (90°) contracting around the mantel, forcing fluid out of the mantel. However, jetting is also increased through elastic energy stored in the helically-wound IM-1 collagen fibers, which have been measured between 28° to 32° in different species of squid. Inspired by the muscular and collagen fiber configuration found in the squid mantel, new composite pumps with active fibers oriented at precise angles around a cylindrical tube are proposed. An analytical model of the active fiber composite pump is developed. Results show that maximum pumping power and efficiency is achieved with a wind angle of 90° and a matrix modulus that is equal to the fiber modulus.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Contracting out"

1

Durso, Anthony, Dennis Kowal, and Forrest R. Frank. Contracting Out Undergraduate Pilot Training. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada405300.

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2

Lamm, David V., and E. C. Yoder. Contracting Out Government Procurement Functions: An Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada476372.

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3

Crawfurd, Lee. Contracting Out Schools at Scale: Evidence from Pakistan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2018/022.

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4

Bastías, Gabriel, and Gabriel Rada. Does contracting out services improve access to care in low- and middle-income countries? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1610092.

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Contracting out of health services is a formal contractual relationship between the government and a non state provider to provide a range of clinical or preventive services to a specified population. A contract document usually specifies the type, quantity and period of time during wich the services will be provided on behalf of the government. Contracting in is the contracting of external management to run public services, which is another particular type of contracting.

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5

Evans, William N., Kim Beomsoo, and Julian P. Cristia. Does Contracting-Out Primary Care Services Work?: The Case of Rural Guatemala. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011344.

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This paper estimates the impact of a large-scale contracting-out program in Guatemala, using two waves of living standard measurement surveys which collected data before and after the expansion of the program and exploiting variation in the timing of the program to estimate treatment effects. Results indicate large program impacts on immunization rates for children and prenatal care provider choices. The program increases substantially the role of physician and nurses as prenatal care providers at the expense of traditional midwives. There is no evidence of effects in family planning outcomes. Taken together these results suggest a potential effective role of contracting-out in the provision of health care.

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6

Banerjee, Abhijit, Rema Hanna, Jordan Kyle, Benjamin Olken, and Sudarno Sumarto. Contracting out the Last-Mile of Service Delivery: Subsidized Food Distribution in Indonesia. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21837.

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7

Duggan, Mark. Does Contracting Out Increase the Efficiency of Government Programs? Evidence from Medicaid HMOs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9091.

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8

Keefer, Philip, and Benjamin Roseth. Grand Corruption in the Contracting Out of Public Services: Lessons from a Pilot Study in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003335.

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Do targeted transparency interventions reduce corrupt behavior when corrupt actors are few and politically influential; their behavior imposes small costs on numerous individuals; and corrupt behavior is difficult to observe? Results from a study of informal audits and text messages to parents, meant to curb corruption in the School Meals Program of Colombia, suggests that they can. Theory is pessimistic that transparency interventions can change the behavior of actors who exert significant influence over supervisory authorities. Moreover, inherent methodological obstacles impede the identification of treatment effects. Results substantiate the presence of these obstacles, especially considerable spillovers from treated to control groups. Despite spillovers, we find that parental and operator behavior are significantly different between treatment and control groups. Additional evidence explains why operator behavior changed: out of concern that systematic evidence of corrupt behavior would trigger enforcement actions by high-level enforcement agencies outside of the political jurisdictions where they are most influential.

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9

Dey, Matthew, Susan N. Houseman, and Anne E. Polivka. What Do We Know about Contracting Out in the United States? Evidence from Household and Establishment Surveys. W.E. Upjohn Institute, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp09-157.

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10

Erickcek, George A., Susan N. Houseman, and Arne L. Kalleberg. The Effects of Temporary Services and Contracting Out on Low-Skilled Workers: Evidence from Auto Suppliers, Hospitals, and Public Schools. W.E. Upjohn Institute, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp03-90.

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