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Статті в журналах з теми "Consumer grade"
Tighe, Kara, Oscar Cacho, Stuart Mounter, Renato Villano, Alex Ball, David Pethick, and Euan Fleming. "Determinants of consumer willingness to pay for quality-graded Australian sheep meat." Animal Production Science 58, no. 9 (2018): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15873.
Повний текст джерелаThompson, J. M., R. Polkinghorne, I. H. Hwang, A. M. Gee, S. H. Cho, B. Y. Park, and J. M. Lee. "Beef quality grades as determined by Korean and Australian consumers." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 11 (2008): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05111.
Повний текст джерелаRosenberg, Karen. "Are Consumer-Grade Masks Effective?" AJN, American Journal of Nursing 121, no. 3 (March 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000737324.73052.97.
Повний текст джерелаHonegger, Lauren T., Elaine Richardson, Emily D. Schunke, Anna C. Dilger, and Dustin D. Boler. "98 Final internal cooking temperature of pork chops influenced consumer eating experience more than visual color and marbling." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.101.
Повний текст джерелаLindstrom, Orville M., and Wojciech J. Florkowski. "QUALITY STANDARDS FOR CHRISTMAS TREES: HARMFUL OR HELPFUL?" HortScience 25, no. 8 (August 1990): 849f—849. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.849f.
Повний текст джерелаAmein, John. "Hidden risks of consumer-grade biometrics." Biometric Technology Today 2020, no. 10 (November 2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-4765(20)30133-8.
Повний текст джерелаLakhan, Payongkit, Nannapas Banluesombatkul, Vongsagon Changniam, Ratwade Dhithijaiyratn, Pitshaporn Leelaarporn, Ekkarat Boonchieng, Supanida Hompoonsup, and Theerawit Wilaiprasitporn. "Consumer Grade Brain Sensing for Emotion Recognition." IEEE Sensors Journal 19, no. 21 (November 1, 2019): 9896–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2019.2928781.
Повний текст джерелаHamilton, Patricia A., Rajesh S. Kasbekar, and Robert Monro. "Clinical Performance of Infrared Consumer-Grade Thermometers." Journal of Nursing Measurement 21, no. 2 (2013): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.21.2.166.
Повний текст джерелаMilton, Tina. "The 5G Up Grade." Consumer Electronics Test & Development 2022, no. 2 (October 2022): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s2754-7744(23)70103-6.
Повний текст джерелаRachmat, Ridwan, Ridwan Thahir, and Martin Gummert. "THE EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRICE AND QUALITY OF RICE AT MARKET LEVEL IN WEST JAVA." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 7, no. 1 (October 25, 2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v7n1.2006.27-33.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Consumer grade"
Wackrow, Rene. "Spatial measurement with consumer grade digital cameras." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/3827.
Повний текст джерелаVarol, Tolga. "Comparison of Consumer-Grade MEMS IMUs in UBI Context." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254392.
Повний текст джерелаVägtrafiken har många negativa socioekonomiska effekter på samhället. Ett viktigt problem är risken för dödliga olyckor. Risken, i stor utsträckning, minskar i utvecklade samhällen. Olyckorna är dock fortfarande allestädes närvarande. Det finns olika metoder för att minska olyckor som att förbättra infrastrukturen, utbilda bättre förare och incitament för förare att köra säkert. Det sistnämnda kan göras genom att analysera körbeteendet, och detta är möjligt med hjälp av sensorer som tröghetssensorer (IMU) utan att hindra integriteten. Försäkringsbolag närmar sig denna fråga via användningsbaserade försäkringar (UBI) -produkter, där premien dynamiskt beräknas genom att utvärdera föraren baserat på mätning av fordonsdynamik och annan kontextuell data. På grund av användningen av enheter som använder olika IMU-enheter är generalisering av uppmätta data en öppen fråga för korrekt utvärdering och rättvisa.Avhandlingen handlar om att tillhandahålla verktyg för att fylla utvärderingsgapet för IMUer för detta ändamål. Studien började med en undersökning med IMUer på marknaden. Med tanke på tekniska och ekonomiska aspekter valdes de mest lämpliga för utvärdering. Ett modulärt system kallat quad-IMU (QIMU) designades och utvecklades. En vald IMU (BMI160) inkorporerades i en QIMU och jämfördes med två ofta använda IMUer i två scenarier; hård inbromsning och statisk mätning med hjälp av raka digitala linjära accelerationsmätningar. Det genomsnittliga medelkvadratfelet (RMSE) visade att BMI160 överträffade de andra med ungefär en och två storleksordningar. QIMU visade sig vara en lovande ram som behöver undersökas mer för att utvärdera IMUer internt på ett snabbt, billigt och pålitligt sätt.
Chen, Xing. "Capturing fast motion with consumer grade unsynchronized rolling-shutter cameras." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43538.
Повний текст джерелаSaavedra-Peña, Gladynel. "Saccade latency determination using video recordings from consumer-grade devices." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120397.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-92).
Accurate quantification of neurodegenerative disease progression and neurocognitive decline is an ongoing challenge that muddles efforts to understand and treat these conditions. The golden standard to track neurodegenerative disease progression is a neurocognitive assessment administered through a series of forms and questionnaires, both of which suffer from high retest variability. Thus, there is a need for a validated biomarker that can accurately track neurocognitive decline or disease progression unobtrusively. Clinical studies have shown that saccade latency - a measure of eye movement reaction time - can be significantly different between healthy subjects and neurodegenerative disease patients. Hence, we propose and test a system that enables measurement and tracking of saccade latency outside of the clinical environment, without relying on supplemental or special-purpose illumination. iTracker-face, a variant of a deep-learning approach that estimates gaze on mobile devices, was tailored to measure saccade latency on video sequences obtained with an iPhone 6. Additionally, our model-based approach for saccade latency estimation provides a means to automatically detect eye position traces that should not be included in further analysis (AUC = 0.92). We recorded over 20,000 saccade latencies in 30 healthy subjects and observed that there is a substantial amount of intra- and inter- subject variability in the mean saccade latency ([mu]) and associated standard deviation (sigma). Among the subjects with the most saccade latency measurements, [mu] ranged from 128 to 173 ms, while a varied from 24 to 53 ms. Our results suggest that accurate and robust saccade latency determination is feasible using consumer-grade cameras and might therefore enable unobtrusive tracking of neurodegenerative disease progression.
by Gladynel Saavedra-Peña.
S.M.
Ramaekers, Gijs. "Measuring and Visualizing Geometrical Differences Using a Consumer Grade Range Camera." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-167357.
Повний текст джерелаRosenberg, Abigail Stella. "An Evaluation of a UAV Guidance System with Consumer Grade GPS Receivers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194506.
Повний текст джерелаvan, Leeuwen Daniel, and Leonel Taku Ayuk. "Security testing of the Zigbee communication protocol in consumer grade IoT devices." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-40189.
Повний текст джерелаArvidsson, Karl. "Wide area motion capture using an array of consumer grade structured light sensors." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-29551.
Повний текст джерелаMusic in Motion
Ryder, Kathryn. "The development of paper-based materials from low-grade apparel waste." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-development-of-paperbased-materials-from-lowgrade-apparel-waste(9aef77c7-57ac-4cf1-8d4b-0d6952dd4f19).html.
Повний текст джерелаFischer, Carolyn. "An investigation into whether young teens change their clothing consumer behaviour and brand preferences after the transition from primary school (grade seven) to high school (grade eight) in the South Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14644.
Повний текст джерелаThis study focused on two segments that have emerged from an evolution within the children's market- the tween and young teen markets. However, few market researchers had investigated the transition between these two stages - leaving primary school and going to high school. Despite there being a rather small age gap between older tweens and young teens, the numerous challenges brought about due to the transition from primary school to high school could affect areas such as academic performance, friendships and so forth. It was the aim of this study to uncover any changes in relation to the consumer behaviour and brand preferences of young teens occurred due to this transitional period. The literature review looked at the international and South African older tween and young teen markets through market identification and characterization. The transition phase from primary school to high school looked at the similarities and differences of older tweens and young teens and the social and academic impact of school transitions on grade eights. Four areas were identified that were said to influence one's clothing consumer behaviour and brand preferences as a result of the school transition to high school. These were developmental changes; the influence of one's reference groups; role models and the media that one subscribes to, and the financial circumstances in which one lives. The researcher also investigated brand loyalty and the influence of peer pressure on the clothing consumer behaviour and brand preferences of young teens. Furthermore, the literature review covered branding and how fashion and brands influenced the consumer behaviour of young teens. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in this study. The primary research tools used were the two surveys that were successfully administered to two hundred and seventy four grade sevens and eights in ten schools in the South Western Cape. Permission was obtained from the Western Cape Education Department and a time restriction was given for the surveys to be administered to the schools. The researcher also used qualitative research methods in the form of experience interviews with nine members of the academic and business community who were deemed knowledgeable on the topics of child development, branding, consumer behaviour and school transitions. Limited focus groups were conducted, although this was primarily used to construct the questionnaires. Furthermore, the researcher made use of secondary data sources such as reputable and peer reviewed journal articles, books and so forth. Out of the five school sets in this research study the De Kuilen school set showed statistically significant results between grade sevens and eights with regards to developmental, reference group, financial and brand preference changes. The Kuils River school set also showed statistically significant results with regards to developmental, role models, peer pressure and brand preference changes. However, the rest of the school sets showed minor or failed to show statistical differences between the two grades in question. On the whole no significant developmental, reference group, role model and peer pressure changes were noted between grade sevens and grade eights. On the other hand, two of the findings agreed with the initial hypotheses that were put forward. Financial changes did occur, as grade eights received more pocket money than grade sevens and parents were still involved in purchasing clothing for their young teens; and as expected, young teens failed to prove brand loyal. Consequently, although two null hypotheses (financial changes and brand loyalty) were accepted out of six proposed and two school sets out of the five showed statistical differences between the two grades on the matters investigated, the primary null hypothesis was rejected. The researcher concluded that young teens in the South Western Cape did not change their clothing consumer behaviour and brand preferences after entering high school. However, this conclusion was limited only to those schools and students who participated in the study. The researcher recommended that in general both grades could be targeted together as one clothing brand market. Especially when young teens were in the first part of grade eight, as both markets liked wearing brands such as Billabong and Roxy for very similar reasons. In addition, the lack of brand loyalty was not seen to be a hindrance, but an opportunity for marketers to attract young teens due to the fashionability and affordability of the clothing. Their purchasing power not only by themselves, but also more often than not with the help of their parents made them a lucrative market worthy of attention. On the other hand, while the researcher may have gained more knowledge from using more qualitative research, as some information from the questionnaires contradicted each other, it was also suggested that due the two age groups being so similar, it may have been more beneficial to compare two differing age groups such as grade sevens and nines.
Книги з теми "Consumer grade"
Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Consumer and Commercial Affairs., ed. Consumer education for grade one [to six] social studies, 1987. [Regina, Sask.]: Saskatchewan Consumer and Commercial Affairs, 1987.
Знайти повний текст джерелаL, Gall Timothy, and Gall Susan B, eds. Consumers' guide to product grades and terms: From grade A to VSOP--definitions of 8,000 terms describing food, housewares, and other everyday items. Detroit: Gale Research, 1993.
Знайти повний текст джерелаNarayanan, Ramachandran, and George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., eds. A photometric technique for determining fluid concentration using consumer-grade hardware. [Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1999.
Знайти повний текст джерелаLinda, Bain, and Grand Valley Mathematics Association, eds. Grade 11 general business math resource package: A teacher's resource for grade 11 general business and consumer mathematics. [Guelph, ON]: Grand Valley Mathematics Association, 1986.
Знайти повний текст джерелаBornecke, Jürgen. Verbraucherorganisationen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, eine kritische Analyse: Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. Bonn: [s.n.], 1986.
Знайти повний текст джерелаThe economics of quality, grades, and brands. London: Routledge, 1992.
Знайти повний текст джерелаT, Elliot A., ed. Health physics. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress, 1996.
Знайти повний текст джерелаMcCormick, Andrew K. Health physics. Cheltenham, [Eng.]: Stanley Thornes, 1989.
Знайти повний текст джерелаEducation, Ontario Ministry of. Business studies: The Ontario curriculum, grades 11 and 12, 2000. [Toronto, Ont.]: The Ministry, 2000.
Знайти повний текст джерелаKhalfani, Lynnette. Zero debt for college grads: From student loans to financial freedom. New York: Kaplan Publishing, 2007.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Consumer grade"
Drouin, Marc-Antoine, and Lama Seoud. "Consumer-Grade RGB-D Cameras." In 3D Imaging, Analysis and Applications, 215–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44070-1_5.
Повний текст джерелаRysst, Mari. "“Hello — We’re Only in the Fifth Grade!!”: Children’s Rights, Inter-generationality and Constructions of Gender in Public Discourses About Childhood." In Childhood and Consumer Culture, 228–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230281844_15.
Повний текст джерелаLuo, Zhenzhen, Zhongyi Hu, and Zuoyong Li. "Estimation of Motor Imagination Based on Consumer-Grade EEG Device." In Machine Learning for Cyber Security, 305–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62460-6_27.
Повний текст джерелаKumar, Keshav. "Automated Defect Detection in Consumer-Grade Knives Using Active Planning." In Proceedings of Second International Conference on Advances in Computer Engineering and Communication Systems, 575–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7389-4_56.
Повний текст джерелаMilic, Nash. "Consumer Grade Brain-Computer Interfaces: An Entry Path into NeuroIS Domains." In Information Systems and Neuroscience, 185–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41402-7_23.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Bin, Pan Pan, Qinjie Xiao, Likang Luo, Xiaofeng Ren, Rong Jin, and Xiaogang Jin. "Seamless Color Mapping for 3D Reconstruction with Consumer-Grade Scanning Devices." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 633–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11009-3_39.
Повний текст джерелаBazzano, Federica, Paolo Montuschi, Fabrizio Lamberti, Gianluca Paravati, Silvia Casola, Gabriel Ceròn, Jaime Londoño, and Flavio Tanese. "Mental Workload Assessment for UAV Traffic Control Using Consumer-Grade BCI Equipment." In Intelligent Human Computer Interaction, 60–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72038-8_6.
Повний текст джерелаBurton, Timothy, Gennadi Saiko, and Alexandre Douplik. "Feasibility Study of Remote Contactless Perfusion Imaging with Consumer-Grade Mobile Camera." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 289–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14190-4_47.
Повний текст джерелаWetherington, G. R. "Performance Assessment of Several Low-Cost Consumer-Grade Analog-to-Digital Conversion Devices." In Sensors and Instrumentation, Aircraft/Aerospace and Energy Harvesting , Volume 8, 15–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74642-5_2.
Повний текст джерелаBellman, Christopher, Ruba AlOmari, Albert Fung, Miguel Vargas Martin, and Ramiro Liscano. "Challenges in the Effectiveness of Image Tagging Using Consumer-Grade Brain-Computer Interfaces." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 55–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40651-0_5.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Consumer grade"
Qian, Ruohe. "Healthcare on Consumer-grade Wearable Devices." In 2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference of Safe Production and Informatization (IICSPI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iicspi51290.2020.9332400.
Повний текст джерелаMajoros, Tamas, and Stefan Oniga. "Activity recognition using consumer-grade EEG device." In 2021 13th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecai52376.2021.9515106.
Повний текст джерелаBaumann, Felix, Jochen Wellekötter, Dieter Roller, and Christian Bonten. "Geometrical Fidelity of Consumer Grade 3D Printers." In CAD'16. CAD Solutions LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14733/cadconfp.2016.127-130.
Повний текст джерелаWilkinson, Andrew, Alok Parlikar, Sunayana Sitaram, Tim White, Alan W. Black, and Suresh Bazaj. "Open-Source Consumer-Grade Indic Text To Speech." In 9th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop. ISCA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/ssw.2016-31.
Повний текст джерелаMenna, Fabio, Erica Nocerino, Fabio Remondino, and Mark Shortis. "Investigation of a consumer-grade digital stereo camera." In SPIE Optical Metrology 2013, edited by Fabio Remondino, Mark R. Shortis, Jürgen Beyerer, and Fernando Puente León. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2020899.
Повний текст джерелаMarucco, Gianluca, and Davide Margaria. "Positioning integrity computation for consumer grade GNSS receivers." In CoNEXT '17: The 13th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3152896.3152900.
Повний текст джерелаLai, Hsin-Yu, Gladynel Saavedra-Pena, Charles Sodini, Thomas Heldt, and Vivienne Sze. "Enabling Saccade Latency Measurements with Consumer-Grade Cameras." In 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2018.8451354.
Повний текст джерелаBrachmann, Ferenc. "About performance requirements set against consumer-grade geolocation technologies." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on System Science and Engineering (ICSSE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsse.2013.6614681.
Повний текст джерелаLin, Jung Yi, Ming Chih Tung, Chia Hui Chang, Chao Chung Liu, and Ju Fu Peng. "Position Correction on Consumer-Grade GPS Using Genetic Programming." In 2012 Sixth International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing (ICGEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgec.2012.120.
Повний текст джерелаMankoff, Jennifer. "Consumer-Grade Fabrication and Its Potential to Revolutionize Accessibility." In EICS '18: ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3220134.3223043.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Consumer grade"
Adam C. Powell, IV. Efficient One-Step Electrolytic Recycling of Low-Grade and Post-Consumer Magnesium Scrap. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1046980.
Повний текст джерелаIbrahimi Jarchlo, Ayla, and Lucy King. Survey of consumer perceptions of alternative, or novel, sources of protein. Food Standards Agency, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ncn554.
Повний текст джерелаBhatt, Parth, Curtis Edson, and Ann MacLean. Image Processing in Dense Forest Areas using Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). Michigan Technological University, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.michigantech-p/16366.
Повний текст джерелаOr, Etti, Tai-Ping Sun, Amnon Lichter, and Avichai Perl. Characterization and Manipulation of the Primary Components in Gibberellin Signaling in the Grape Berry. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592649.bard.
Повний текст джерелаEcheverría, Carlos, Mariana Weiss, Talita Borges, Harold del Castillo, Oriol Biosca, and Michelle Carvalho Metanias Hallack. Estimando a demanda potencial de energia para veículos elétricos: um estudo de caso para o Sul do Brasil e seus possíveis desdobramentos. Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004423.
Повний текст джерелаPerl, Avichai, Bruce I. Reisch, and Ofra Lotan. Transgenic Endochitinase Producing Grapevine for the Improvement of Resistance to Powdery Mildew (Uncinula necator). United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568766.bard.
Повний текст джерелаKanner, Joseph, Mark Richards, Ron Kohen, and Reed Jess. Improvement of quality and nutritional value of muscle foods. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7591735.bard.
Повний текст джерелаGalili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.
Повний текст джерелаZambrano, Omar, and Hugo Hernández. La clase media en Venezuela: Definición, caracterización y evolución reciente. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003067.
Повний текст джерелаVargas-Herrera, Hernando, Pamela Andrea Cardozo-Ortiz, Daniel Esteban Osorio-Rodríguez, Wilmar Alexander Cabrera-Rodríguez, Nathali Cardozo-Alvarado, Jorge Cely, Felipe Clavijo, et al. Reporte de Estabilidad Financiera - II semestre 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2-2020.
Повний текст джерела